CN100593140C - Fixing device and image forming apparatus - Google Patents
Fixing device and image forming apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN100593140C CN100593140C CN200710196002A CN200710196002A CN100593140C CN 100593140 C CN100593140 C CN 100593140C CN 200710196002 A CN200710196002 A CN 200710196002A CN 200710196002 A CN200710196002 A CN 200710196002A CN 100593140 C CN100593140 C CN 100593140C
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Abstract
The invention provides a fixing device and an image forming apparatus. The warm-up time and first time-write interval of the fixing device and the image forming apparatus are short, grasp width bias in the width direction is small, and unfavorable conditions such as imperfect fixation are inhibited even when the apparatus is operated at a high speed. The fixing device comprises a fixing member (21) for heating and melting the toner image (T), a facing member (22) to face an inner surface of the fixing member (21) and heat the fixing member (21) to form a nip portion, and a reinforcement member(23) disposed fixedly in the inner circumferential surface of the fixing member (21), to reinforce the facing member (22) at the nip portion by contacting the facing member (22), the fixing member (21) and the pressing member (31).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the image processing system of the compounding machine etc. of duplicating machine, printer, facsimile recorder or these machines, and the fixing device that is provided with therein.
Background technology
In the past, known had in image processing systems such as duplicating machine, printer, will be erected at photographic fixing band on the plural roller member as the technology (reference example such as patent documentation 1) of fixing member.
Adopt the device of such photographic fixing band, by as the photographic fixing band (ring-type photographic fixing band) of fixing member, set up and support the photographic fixing band plural roller member, in be located at the well heater in the roller member in the plural roller member, backer roll formations such as (pressure-producing parts).Well heater heats the photographic fixing band by roller member.So, the toner picture on the recording medium that transmits towards the clamping part that is formed between photographic fixing band and the backer roll clamping part be subjected to heating and pressurizing and photographic fixing on recording medium.
On the other hand, patent documentation 2 grades disclose the fixing device of a kind of heat time heating time of short request service (on demand) mode.
The fixing device of request method of service is by the formations such as well heater as the photographic fixing film (annular membrane) of fixing member, backer roll (pressure-producing part), ceramic heater etc.Well heater is arranged at the inside of photographic fixing film, contacts with backer roll by the photographic fixing film, forms clamping part, simultaneously the photographic fixing film is heated.So the toner on the recording medium that clamping part transmits is heated and is pressurizeed by photographic fixing on recording medium at clamping part.
On the other hand, disclose following technology in patent documentation 3 grades: with heat fixer parts effectively is purpose, forms photographic fixing ribbon matrix layer with the radiation heat transmission material, forms top layer and middle layer with the radiation heat absorbent material.Especially, in Fig. 9 of patent documentation 3, disclose and be provided with the photographic fixing band, the band guiding parts that the photographic fixing band is led, the fixing device of the light transmission pressure-producing part that joins by photographic fixing band and backer roll (back up roller).
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 11-2982 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2002-6656 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2003-107948 communique
The fixing device of above-mentioned patent documentation 1 grade is compared with the device that uses fixing roller, is fit to the high speed of device more.But the shortening of heating (warm up) time (needed time of the temperature that is able to print) and first time-write interval (accept after the print request to prepare to print till action, the printer paper discharge through printing time) is limited.
To this, the fixing device of patent documentation 2 grades can quantize to shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval by means of low heat capacity, also can make equipment miniaturization simultaneously.Yet such fixing device only carries out spot heating to the clamping part of photographic fixing film, and other of photographic fixing film are partly fully heated.For this reason, because the revolution of photographic fixing film, there is the bad problem of photographic fixing that takes place easily in the coldest state of entrance side photographic fixing film formation at clamping part.Because the revolution of photographic fixing film accelerates under the situation that makes the device high speed, it is many that the heat release of the locational photographic fixing film in the place beyond the clamping part becomes, and such problem has become the problem that can not ignore especially.
In order to solve described problem, someone proposes such countermeasure: with the inner peripheral surface of ring-type fixing members such as photographic fixing band, photographic fixing film the metal heat-conducting body of tubulose is set relatively, the metal heat-conducting body is directly or indirectly heated, thereby fully and equably whole fixing member is heated.
But in this occasion, the tubular metal heat conductor might be because of the plus-pressure deflection from pressure-producing part that is subjected at clamping part.Particularly, make thin walled tube for the efficiency of heating surface that improves fixing member is necessary the tubular metal heat conductor, thus, the possibility that such problem takes place is very big.
And, in case the deflection of metal heat-conducting body, then the inner peripheral surface generation strong friction of fixing member on this position.Therefore, the inner peripheral surface generation concentrated wear of fixing member, the serviceable life of shortening fixing member; Perhaps, the driving torque when driving fixing member increases, and causes fixing member to slide, and recording medium can be stuck in clamping part.
Again, in a single day deflection takes place in the metal heat-conducting body, and the contact area that is positioned at the pressure-producing part of Width central portion is reduced, and it is littler than the clamping part width at Width both ends that the clamping part width of this position becomes.Under such state, the heat that offers recording medium at central portion and both ends is different, and cold bonding attached (cold offset) takes place the central portion of output image easily, and takes place hot sticky attached easily at both ends.Have, it is big that the difference of the central portion of output image and the glossiness at both ends becomes again, and the output deviation of gloss becomes big abnormal image.In addition, not only influential under the great situation of the deviation of above-mentioned clamping part width to output image, and on recording medium also fold may take place.
Disclosed fixing device in Fig. 9 of patent documentation 3 is a purpose with heat fixer parts effectively, is not in order to solve the deflection of above-mentioned metal heat-conducting body.That is, the band that the photographic fixing band is led forms with translucent material with guiding parts, is not heat fixer band energetically.In addition, by photographic fixing band and backer roll mutually ground connection light transmission pressure-producing part have the function that between photographic fixing band and backer roll, forms clamping part, but, may produce deflection because of the plus-pressure of backer roll owing to be that thickness of slab is that 1-counts the plate-shaped member about mm.
Summary of the invention
The present invention does in order to solve aforesaid existing problems, its purpose is: a kind of fixing device and image processing system are provided, described fixing device and image processing system can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even under the situation that makes the device high speed, unfavorable situations such as photographic fixing is bad can not take place yet.
In order to realize the object of the invention, following technical scheme is proposed:
(1) a kind of fixing device is characterized in that, comprising:
The ring-type fixing member looks like to heat to toner and makes its fusion, has pliability simultaneously;
The subtend parts fixedly install the inner peripheral surface subtend with described fixing member, heat this fixing member, join by this fixing member and pressure-producing part simultaneously, form clamping part;
Strengthening part is fixedly installed on the inner peripheral surface side of described fixing member, by described subtend parts and fixing member, joins with described pressure-producing part, strengthens the intensity of the above-mentioned subtend parts of clamping part.
In (1) described fixing device, it is characterized in that (2) described strengthening part is the metal fever conductor.
In (1) or (2) described fixing device, it is characterized in that (3) described strengthening part passes through heat insulating member, described subtend parts, described fixing member and described pressure-producing part join.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(3) that (4) described strengthening part forms convex, compare that described strengthening part Width central portion is outstanding towards described pressure-producing part with the Width both ends.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(4) that (5) described subtend parts are heated by the radiation heat of thermal source.
(6) in (5) described fixing device, it is characterized in that, make the local of described strengthening part and face described thermal source subtend or all be minute surface.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(4) that (7) described subtend parts are heated by electromagnetic induction.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(4) that (8) described subtend parts are heated by the heat of resistance heater.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(4) that (9) described subtend parts are resistance heaters.
(10) in (1)-(9), in each described fixing device, it is characterized in that:
Described subtend parts comprise the 1st subtend parts and the 2nd subtend parts, described the 1st subtend parts are in the inner peripheral surface subtend of above-mentioned clamping part position and described fixing member, and described the 2nd subtend parts are in the position of removing above-mentioned clamping part and the inner peripheral surface subtend of described fixing member;
Described strengthening part and described the 1st subtend parts are integrated.
(11) in (10) described fixing device, it is characterized in that:
Be provided with to the inner peripheral surface side of described fixing member and send photothermal thermal source;
Described the 1st subtend parts are made of the transmitance material.
(12) in (1)-(11), in each described fixing device, it is characterized in that:
Described pressure-producing part possesses spongiform elastic layer.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(12) that (13) described fixing member is photographic fixing band or photographic fixing film.
In each described fixing device, it is characterized in that in (1)-(13) that (14) described subtend parts are metal fever conductors.
(15) a kind of image processing system is characterized in that, is provided with each described fixing device in the claim 1～14.
In the present invention, be provided with subtend parts and strengthening part, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts and fixing member, the heat fixer band, described strengthening part joins by subtend parts and fixing member and pressure-producing part, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall construction drawing of the image processing system of the invention process form 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing that expression is arranged at the fixing device on the image processing system of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the figure that sees the fixing device of Fig. 2 on Width.
Fig. 4 represents the state of butt parts deflection.
Fig. 5 represents the structural drawing of the fixing device of the invention process form 2.
Fig. 6 represents the structural drawing of the fixing device of the invention process form 3.
Fig. 7 represents the structural drawing of the fixing device of the invention process form 4.
Fig. 8 represents the structural drawing of the fixing device of the invention process form 5.
Fig. 9 is the figure that broad ways is seen the fixing device of the invention process form 6.
Figure 10 represents the overall construction drawing of the image processing system of the invention process form 7.
Symbol description
1 image processing system main body (apparatus main body)
20 fixing devices
21 photographic fixing bands (fixing member)
22 butt parts
22A the 2nd butt parts
22B the 1st butt parts
23 strengthening parts
25 well heaters (thermal source)
27 heat insulating members
28 transmitance parts
31 backer rolls (pressure-producing part)
40 temperature sensors
50 induction heating portions
60 resistance heaters
The P recording medium
Embodiment
Be elaborated to implementing optimal morphology of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.Also have, be marked with identical symbol for identical or suitable part in each accompanying drawing, and suitably simplify and even omit its repeat specification.
Example 1
At Fig. 1～Fig. 4, the invention process form 1 is elaborated.
At first, with Fig. 1 the structure and the action of image processing system integral body are described.
In Fig. 1,1 expression is as the apparatus main body of the duplicating machine of image processing system, 2 expressions are read in portion with the image information of original copy D with the original copy that optical mode reads in, 3 expressions make and read in image information that portion 2 reads in original copy is that the exposure light L of foundation shines the exposure portion on the photoconductor drum 5,4 are illustrated in the imaging portion that forms toner picture (image) on the photoconductor drum 5,7 expressions will look like to be needed on the transfer printing portion on the recording medium P at the toner of formation on the photoconductor drum 5,10 expressions are sent to the original copy transport unit that original copy reads in portion 2 with the original copy D that sets, the sheet feed section of recording medium P such as transfer paper is taken in 12～14 expressions, the fixing device that 20 expressions are carried out photographic fixing to the uncertain image on the recording medium P, 21 expressions are as the photographic fixing band that is arranged at the fixing member on the fixing device 20, and 31 expressions are as the backer roll that is arranged at the pressure-producing part on the fixing device 20.
Below, the action when with reference to Fig. 1 the common image of image processing system being formed describes.
At first, original copy D is transmitted from document board along the direction of arrow the figure by the transfer roller of original copy transport unit 10, reads in portion 2 by original copy.At this moment, original copy reads in portion 2 and reads the image information of original copy D by its top with optical means.
Then, read in the optical image information that portion 2 reads by original copy and be transformed to electric signal, be sent to exposure portion 3 (write section) then.Then, the image information of launching with this electric signal to the photoconductor drum 5 of imaging portion 4 from exposure portion 3 is the exposure light L such as laser of foundation.
On the other hand, in imaging portion 4, photoconductor drum 5 is along the clockwise direction among figure rotation, pass through fixed imaging process (charging operation, exposure process, developing procedure), on photoconductor drum 5, form the image (toner picture) corresponding with image information.
Thereafter, the image that forms on the photoconductor drum 5 is transferred on the recording medium P that is transmitted by registration roller by transfer printing portion 7.
On the other hand, be sent to the recording medium P action as described below of transfer printing portion 7.
At first, automatic or manual is selected a sheet feed section (suppose the sheet feed section 12 of for example epimere of selection) from a plurality of sheet feed sections 12,13,14 of image processing system main body 1.
Then, of the top who is accommodated in the recording medium P of sheet feed section 12 is sent on the position of transfer path K.
Thereafter, recording medium P arrives the position of registration roller through transfer path K.Then, for photoconductor drum 5 on the image contraposition that forms, the recording medium P that arrives registration roller is transmitted to transfer printing portion 7 between when appropriate.
Recording medium P behind the transfer printing process arrives fixing device 20 through transfer path after the position by transfer printing portion 7.The recording medium P that arrives fixing device 20 is admitted between photographic fixing band 21 and the backer roll 31, realizes the photographic fixing of image by heat of accepting from photographic fixing band 21 and the pressure that comes from two parts 21,31.Recording medium P after the image fixing discharges from image processing system main body 1 after (being exactly clamping part) is sent between photographic fixing band 21 and backer roll 31.
So just finish a series of image and formed operation.
Below, utilize Fig. 2～Fig. 4, structure, the action of the fixing device 20 that is arranged at image processing system main body 1 described.Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of expression fixing device 20, and Fig. 3 is the figure that sees fixing device 20 on Width.
As shown in Figure 2, fixing device 20 is by as the photographic fixing band 21 of fixing member, subtend parts 22, strengthening part 23, constitute as the well heater 25 of thermal source, backer roll 31, temperature sensor 40, guide plate 35,37 etc. as pressure-producing part.
Here, be to have flexible endless belt as the photographic fixing band 21 of fixing member, rotate along the direction of arrow (clockwise direction) of Fig. 2.Photographic fixing band 21 is the elastic layer of lamination formation in regular turn, release layers on matrix material, and its general thickness is set at below the 1mm.
Base layer bed thickness 30～50 μ m of photographic fixing band 21 are formed by the resin material of nickel, stainless steel and other metal materials and polyimide etc.
Elastic layer bed thickness 100～300 μ m of photographic fixing band 21 are formed by elastomeric materials such as silicone rubber, foam silicone rubber, fluororubber.By elastic layer is set, can not form the small concavo-convex of photographic fixing band 21 surfaces on the clamping part, can carry out uniformly transfer heat as T to the toner on the recording medium P, can suppress the generation of shaddock ped image fault.
Release layer bed thickness 10～50 μ m of photographic fixing band 21 are formed by PFA (tetrafluoroethene is crossed fluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymers resin), polyimide, polyetherimide, PES materials such as (polyethersulfones).By the release property (fissility) of release layer assurance to toner T (toner picture) is set.
And the diameter of photographic fixing band 21 is set at 15～120mm.Also have, in this example, the diameter of photographic fixing band 21 is set at 30mm.
In the inside of photographic fixing band 21 (inner peripheral surface one side), fixedly install well heater 25 (thermal source), subtend parts 22, strengthening part 23 etc.Photographic fixing band 21 is subjected to pushing of subtend parts 22, and backer roll 31 between form clamping part.
At this, the clamping part shape of subtend parts 22 forms and roughly is rectangular parallelepiped.That is, in clamping part, the subtend face of subtend parts 22 (with the face of backer roll 31 subtends) becomes flat shape.Like this, the image surface almost parallel of clamping part shape relative record medium P, the connecting airtight property height of photographic fixing band 21 and recording medium P improves fixation performance.At the outlet side of clamping part, it is big that the curvature of photographic fixing band 21 becomes, and the recording medium P that sends from clamping part separates with photographic fixing band 21 easily.
In this example 1, the cross sectional shape of subtend parts 22 is roughly rounded, and still, the cross sectional shape of subtend parts 22 also can form polygon, and the side face of subtend parts 22 also can be provided with otch.
At this, in this example 1, fixedly install strengthening part 23 in the inner peripheral surface side of photographic fixing band 21, be used to strengthen the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.With reference to Fig. 3, the Width length of strengthening part 23 forms identical with subtend parts 22, and its Width both ends are fixedly supported upon on the side plate 43 of fixing device 20.And strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, is used for being suppressed at clamping part subtend parts 22 and is subjected to the plus-pressure of backer roll 31 and big distortion takes place.
That is, with reference to Fig. 4, when strengthening part 23 occasions are not set, subtend parts 22 are subjected to the plus-pressure generation deflection (shown in arrow among Fig. 4, because of the plus-pressure at Width both ends, big deflection takes place the Width central portion) of backer roll 31.Especially, for the efficiency of heating surface that improves photographic fixing band 21 makes subtend parts 22 thin-walled property occasions, above-mentioned defective mode is more remarkable.
But, in this example 1, owing to strengthening part 23 is set in the position of restriction subtend parts 22 distortion, even subtend parts 22 thin-walled property occasions also can alleviate 22 deflections of subtend parts.Like this, can suppress the inner peripheral surface because of the powerful friction of subtend parts 22 deflections photographic fixing band 21, suppressing increases because of the driving torque of subtend parts 22 deflections causing photographic fixing band 21.
In order to satisfy above-mentioned functions, strengthening part forms with the high metal material of physical strengths such as stainless steel or iron.By forming strengthening part 23, have the cross section of growing crosswise along the compression aspect of backer roll 31, it is big that section factor becomes, and can improve the physical strength of strengthening part 23.
Well heater 25 as thermal source adopts halogen heater or carbon heaters, and its both ends are fixed on the side plate 43 of fixing device 20 (can with reference to Fig. 3).In addition, the radiation heat by the well heater of being exported by the power supply unit control of apparatus main body 1 25 heats described subtend parts 22.Have again, utilize 22 pairs of whole photographic fixing bands 21 of subtend parts to heat, heat as T from the toner of surface on recording medium P of photographic fixing band 21 of heating.According to by carrying out the output control of well heater 25 with the testing result of 40 pairs of photographic fixing belt surfaces of photographic fixing band 21 surperficial opposed thermistor equitemperature sensors temperature.Again, can utilize the output control of such well heater 25, the temperature (fixing temperature) of photographic fixing band 21 is set in temperature desired.
With reference to Fig. 2, subtend parts 22 fixedly install, and put in the inner peripheral surface universe subtend of the photographic fixing band 21 that comprises the clamping part position, utilize the radiation heat heating of well heater 25, photographic fixing band 21 is heated (transmitting heat).The material of subtend parts 22 can adopt metal heat-conducting bodies (metal with heat conductivity) such as aluminium, iron, stainless steel.
Like this, the fixing device 20 of this example 1 is not only spot heating to be carried out in photographic fixing band 21 parts, by 22 pairs of photographic fixing bands 21 of subtend parts along circumferentially roughly universe heat, even device high speed occasion, also abundant heat fixer band 21, it is bad to suppress the generation photographic fixing.That is, can enough more easy structures expeditiously photographic fixing band 21 be heated, therefore can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, miniaturization that simultaneously can implement device.
Gap (δ) between photographic fixing band and the subtend parts is preferably more than the 0mm, the following (0mm＜δ≤1mm=of 1mm.Thus, can suppress to become greatly because of the sliding contact area of subtend parts 22 with photographic fixing band 21, quicken the generation of the unfavorable condition of photographic fixing band 21 wearing and tearing, can suppress to cause the generation of the unfavorable condition of efficiency of heating surface decline simultaneously because of subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21 hypertelorisms.Have, by subtend parts 22 are provided with near photographic fixing bands 21, the circular posture that will have flexible photographic fixing band 21 maintains in a way again, thus, can reduce deterioration, breakage that the distortion because of photographic fixing band 21 causes.
Also can form the face that slips of subtend parts 22 with the low material of friction factor, also can alleviate 21 abrasion of photographic fixing band even subtend parts 22 slip with photographic fixing band 21.
At this, in this example 1, form strengthening part 23 with metal fever conductors such as stainless steel or iron, when printing action, the heat that well heater 25 causes is carried out accumulation of heat.Like this, even when printing release well heater 25 and disconnecting, subtend parts 22 are subjected to the heat that strengthening part 23 is held, and it is low that subtend parts 22 are difficult for temperature, can shorten printing and move heat time heating time when beginning again.
With reference to Fig. 2, as the backer roll 31 of pressure-producing part, its diameter is 30mm, forms the backer roll of elastic layer 33 on the plug 32 of hollow structure.Formation such as the elastic layer 33 usefulness fluororubber of backer roll 31, silicone rubber, foam silicone rubber.The release layer of the thin-walled that is made of PFA, PTFE etc. also can be set on the top layer of elastic layer 33 again.Backer roll 31 is crimped on photographic fixing band 21, forms desirable clamping part between both sides' parts.Again,, the driven wheel meshed gears 45 with not shown driving mechanism is set on backer roll 31, drives backer roll 31 and turn round along the direction of arrow among Fig. 2 (counterclockwise) with reference to Fig. 3.Again, the side plate 43 that is held in fixing member 20 is propped up freely by bearing 42 rotations in the both ends on the Width of backer roll 31.Also can thermals source such as halogen heater be set in the inside of backer roll 31.
Spongy materials such as the elastic layer 33 usefulness foam silicone rubbers of backer roll 31 form occasion, can reduce the plus-pressure that acts on clamping part, can further alleviate subtend parts 22 deflection takes place.
In this example 1, the diameter of photographic fixing band 21 is made the equal diameters with backer roll 31, but also the diameter of photographic fixing band 21 can be formed the diameter less than backer roll 31.In this case, because the curvature of the photographic fixing band 21 of clamping part is less than the curvature of backer roll 31, therefore, the recording medium P that sends from clamping part separates from photographic fixing band 21 easily.
With reference to Fig. 2,, dispose the guide plate 35 (inlet guide plate) of guiding to the recording medium P of clamping part transmission at the entrance side of photographic fixing band 21 with the linking part (clamping part) of backer roll 31.The guide plate 37 (export orientation plate) of the recording medium P that the outlet side of clamping part configuration guiding is sent out from clamping part.Two guide plates 35,37 all are fixedly set on the side plate 43 of fixing device 20.
Below, simple declaration is carried out in the action of the fixing device 20 that constitutes as mentioned above.
The power switch of apparatus main body drives backer roll 31 simultaneously it is begun by direction of arrow rotation among Fig. 2 in case connection just provides electric power to well heater 25.Because with the effect of the friction force of backer roll 31, photographic fixing band 21 also is driven along Fig. 2 direction of arrow and does driven rotation.
Thereafter, transmit recording medium P from sheet feed section 12～14, in imaging portion 4, recording medium P goes up the uncertain image of mounting.The recording medium P of the uncertain image T of mounting (toner picture) is under the guiding of guide plate 35, and the limit is transmitted by the direction towards the arrow Y10 of Fig. 2, and the limit is admitted to the photographic fixing band 21 that keeps under the crimped status and the clamping part of backer roll 31.
Then, utilize by the heating of the photographic fixing band 21 of subtend parts 22 (well heater 25) heating and the extruding force of subtend parts 22 (photographic fixing band 21) and backer roll 31, with toner as the T photographic fixing on the surface of recording medium P.Thereafter, the recording medium P that sends from clamping part is transmitted along the direction of arrow Y11.
The inventor is in the fixing device 20 of this example 1, strengthening part 23 by wide 2mm, aluminum subtend parts 22 to wall thickness 0.4mm are strengthened, and measuring clamping width difference (the clamping width differences at Width central portion and Width both ends) is 1.5mm.In contrast, when strengthening part 23 occasions are not set,, the wall thickness of aluminum subtend parts 22 must be made as 1.5mm in order to obtain identical clamping width difference.According to the said determination result, if subtend parts 22 deflections equate, use strengthening part 23 occasions, can be so that subtend parts 22 wall thickness realize that low heat capacity quantizes, shorten device heat time heating time.
As above illustrated, in this example 1, be provided with subtend parts 22 and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part) by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
In this example, be to using backer roll 31 to be suitable for the present invention, but the present invention also add pressure zone and the pressure pad fixing device as pressure-producing part applicable to use as the fixing device of pressure-producing part.And, also can access the effect identical with this example 1 in this occasion.
Again, in this example, the photographic fixing band 21 that uses sandwich construction still also can use the annular fixing film that is made of polyimide, polyamide, fluororesin, metal etc. as fixing member as fixing member.And, also can access the effect identical with this example 1 in this occasion.
Example 2
Below, utilize Fig. 5 that example 2 of the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of the fixing device of expression example 2, is the figure that is equivalent to the Fig. 2 in the above-mentioned example 1.The difference of fixing device of this example 2 and above-mentioned example 1 is: form subtend parts 22, make the shape of clamping part become spill, in addition, between strengthening part 23 and subtend parts 22 heat insulating member 27 is set.
As shown in Figure 5, the fixing device 20 in this example 2 is also as above-mentioned example 1, by photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), subtend parts 22, strengthening part 23, well heater 25 (thermal source), backer roll 31 formations such as (pressure-producing parts).In this example 2, two well heaters 25 are set in photographic fixing band 21 inside.
Here, in this example 2, strengthening part 23 passes through heat insulating member 27, subtend parts 22, and photographic fixing band 21 joins with backer roll 31.That is, between strengthening part 23 and subtend parts 22, heat insulating member 27 is set.As the material of heat insulating member 27, can use silicone rubber, heat-resistant resin, heat-resisting felt etc.Like this, when heating, can be suppressed at clamping part, the heat of subtend parts 22 is delivered to strengthening part 23, causes the heating-up time of photographic fixing band 21 elongated.When the big occasion of thermal capacity of the ratio of heat capacities subtend parts 22 of strengthening part 23, especially effective.
In this example 2, the face of strengthening part 23 and well heater 25 subtends local or all become minute surface (imposing mirror finish).
Like this, can be used for 22 heating of subtend parts to the heat (heat of heating strengthening part 23) of strengthening part 23, further improve the efficiency of heating surface of photographic fixing band 21 (subtend parts 22) from well heater 25.At this moment, strengthening part 23 surfaces become minute surface, and programming rate is low, still, are heated by well heater 25, can obtain the accumulation of heat effect with above-mentioned example 1 explanation.
In this example 2,, make the shape of subtend parts 22 of clamping part become spill with reference to Fig. 5.That is the subtend face of subtend parts 22 and backer roll 31 curvature of copying backer roll 31.Like this, recording medium P sends from clamping part according to backer roll 31 curvature, can suppress the photographic fixing operation after recording medium P be adsorbed on unseparated defective mode on the photographic fixing band 21.
As mentioned above, in this example 2, also the same with above-mentioned example 1, be provided with subtend parts 22 and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part) by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
Example 3
With Fig. 6 the invention process form 3 is elaborated below.
Fig. 6 is the structural drawing of the fixing device of example 3.The Fig. 5 that is equivalent to above-mentioned example 2.The difference of fixing device of this example 3 and above-mentioned example 2 is: subtend parts 22 utilize electromagnetic induction heating.
As shown in Figure 6, the fixing device 20 of this example 3 also fixing device with above-mentioned example 2 is the same, by photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), subtend parts 22, strengthening part 23, backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part), and heat insulating member 27 formations such as grade.
Here, the fixing device 20 of this example 3 is provided with induction heating portion 50.And the subtend parts 22 of this example 3 are different with the subtend parts of the above-mentioned example 2 of the radiation heat heating that utilizes thermal source 25, and the electromagnetic induction that utilizes induction heating portion 50 to produce heats.
Fixing device 20 actions as described below of Gou Chenging like this.
In a single day photographic fixing band 21 is subjected to driving along the rotation of the direction of arrow among Fig. 6, and photographic fixing band 21 is heated on the position relative with induction heating portion 50.In detail, flow through high-frequency alternating current in field coil, like this, around subtend parts 22, the magnetic line of force alternately switches on both direction and forms.At this moment, form the eddy current of electric current on subtend parts 22 surfaces, owing to Joule heat takes place subtend parts 22 resistance own.By this Joule heat described subtend parts 22 are carried out electromagnetic induction heating, and then heat by 22 pairs of photographic fixing bands 21 of heated subtend parts again.
Also have,, preferably make induction heating portion 50 constitute the structure of putting with the whole regional subtend of circumferencial direction of subtend parts 22 in order effectively described subtend parts 22 to be carried out electromagnetic induction heating.Again, the material of subtend parts 22 can adopt nickel, stainless steel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminium, gold, platinum, silver, tin, palladium and the alloy be made up of the multiple metal in these metals etc.
As mentioned above, in this example 3, also the same with above-mentioned each example, be provided with subtend parts 22 and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part) by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
Example 4
Below, with Fig. 7 example 4 of the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 7 is the structural drawing of the fixing device of example 4, is equivalent to Fig. 5 of above-mentioned example 2.The fixing device of this example 4 utilizes resistance heater 60 to heat this point at subtend parts 22, and the subtend parts are by being different from above-mentioned example 2 on the 1st subtend parts 22B and the 2nd subtend parts 22A.
As shown in Figure 7, the fixing member 20 of this example 4 also fixing device with above-mentioned example 2 is the same as photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), subtend parts 22A, formations such as 22B, strengthening part 23, backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part), heat insulating member 27.
Here, the fixing device 20 of this example 4 is provided with resistance heater 60 in inner peripheral surface one side of photographic fixing band 21.And the subtend parts 22A of this example 4 (the 2nd subtend parts) is different from the above-mentioned example 2 that the radiation heat that utilizes thermal source 25 heats, and utilizes resistance heater 60 to heat.
Here, resistance heater 60 is planar heat producing bodies such as ceramic heating element, connects power supply unit (not shown) at its both ends.So in case to resistance heater 60 galvanizations, resistance heater 60 resistance own cause resistance heater 60 to heat up the 2nd subtend parts 22A that heating is joined with it.By heated subtend parts 22A photographic fixing band 21 is heated again.
Like this, use the heating source of resistance heater 60, can heat photographic fixing band 21 with comparatively cheap price as heating subtend parts 22A.
At this, the subtend parts of this example 4 are made of the 1st subtend parts 22B and the 2nd subtend parts 22A, the 1st subtend parts 22B is in the position of clamping part and the inner peripheral surface subtend of photographic fixing band 21, and the 2nd subtend parts 22A is in the position of removing clamping part and the inner peripheral surface subtend of photographic fixing band 21.
Strengthening part 23 and the 1st subtend parts 22B are integrated.That is, play the functions of components of direct formation clamping part with the strengthening part 23 of the 1st subtend parts 22B one formation.
In this example 4, the 1st subtend parts 22B is formed by the thermal insulation material, plays the function of heat insulating member 27.In contrast, the 2nd subtend parts 22A is in the position of removing clamping part and the inner peripheral surface subtend of photographic fixing band 21, positive heat fixer band 21.Therefore, in this example 4, clamping part becomes the opening of the 2nd subtend parts 22A, reduces the thermal capacity of clamping part, can improve the intensification efficient of photographic fixing band 21.
As mentioned above, in this example 4, also the same with above-mentioned each example, be provided with subtend parts 22A and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22A and photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part) by subtend parts 22B and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22B of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
In this example 4, use the heating source of resistance heater 60 as heating subtend parts 22A, still, the present invention is not limited thereto, also can so that subtend parts itself as heating source.This occasion also can obtain the effect same with this example 4.
Example 5
Below, with Fig. 8 the invention process form 5 is elaborated.
Fig. 8 is the structural drawing of the fixing device of expression example 5, is equivalent to Fig. 5 of above-mentioned example 2.The difference of the fixing device of fixing device of this example 5 and above-mentioned example 2 is: the subtend parts are made of the 1st subtend parts 22B and the 2nd subtend parts 22A, and wherein, the 1st subtend parts 22B is made of the transmitance material.
As shown in Figure 8, the fixing device 20 of this example 5 also fixing device with above-mentioned example 2 is the same, by photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), subtend parts 22A, and 22B, strengthening part 23, well heater 25, backer roll 31 formations such as (pressure-producing parts).The subtend parts of this example 5 are identical with above-mentioned example 4, are made of the 1st subtend parts 22B and the 2nd subtend parts 22A.
At this, in this example 5, the 1st subtend parts 22B is made of transmitance material 28.Like this, the infrared ray that sends from well heater 25 sees through the 1st subtend parts 22B (transmitance material 28), even at clamping part, and also direct heat fixer band 21.Therefore, increase the heat supply amount of clamping part, improve fixation performance.
As mentioned above, in this example 5, also the same with above-mentioned each example, be provided with subtend parts 22A and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22A and photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part) by subtend parts 22B and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22B of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
Example 6
Below, with Fig. 9 the invention process form 6 is elaborated.
Fig. 9 is the figure that the expression broad ways is seen the fixing device of example 6, and is suitable with Fig. 3 of above-mentioned example 1.The difference of the fixing device of fixing device of this example 6 and above-mentioned example 1 is: broad ways sees that strengthening part 23 forms convex.
As shown in Figure 9, in this example 6, strengthening part 23 forms convex (arc shape), compares with the Width both ends, and the Width central portion is towards backer roll 31 outstanding (with reference to the regional A among Fig. 9).
Like this, on the pressing mechanism structure, compare with the Width both ends, even the deflection of the subtend parts 22 of Width central portion is big, because strengthening part 23 forms convex, make deflection difference offset, can alleviate the deflection deviation of the Width of subtend parts 22.Therefore, also can alleviate the clamping part width difference of Width, the Width universe can obtain homogeneous and good fixation performance.
The inventor is in the fixing device 20 of this example 6, strengthening part 23 (compare with the Width both ends, the Width central portion is given prominence to 0.4mm, is convex) by wide 2mm, aluminum subtend parts 22 to wall thickness 0.4mm are strengthened, and measure the clamping width difference and are roughly 0mm.In contrast, when fixing device 20 occasions (strengthening part 23 does not form the convex occasion) of using above-mentioned example 1, the clamping width difference is 1.5mm.According to the said determination result, by making strengthening part 23 form convex, can alleviate the clamping width difference of Width as can be known.
As mentioned above, in this example 6, also the same with above-mentioned each example, be provided with subtend parts 22 and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21 (fixing member), heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 (pressure-producing part) by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
Example 7
Below, with Figure 10 the invention process form 7 is elaborated.
Figure 10 is the overall construction drawing of the image processing system of expression example 7.The fixing device of this example 7 is arranged on coloured image and forms in the device, and they are different with the above-mentioned example 1 in being arranged at monochrome image formation device.
As shown in figure 10, the image processing system 1A of this example 7 is tandem type color printers.Be arranged in the toner bottle incorporating section 101 of image processing system 1A top, can load and unload freely and be provided with and (yellow, pinkish red, blue or green, deceive) of all kinds corresponding four toner bottle 102Y, 102M, 102C, 102K (replacing freely).
Below toner bottle incorporating section 101, set intermediate transfer unit 85.With the intermediate transfer belt 78 of this intermediate transfer unit 85 relatively and establish and the corresponding 4Y of imaging portion, 4M, 4C, the 4K of each color (yellow, pinkish red, blue or green, black).
Set photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K respectively on each 4Y of imaging portion, 4M, 4C, the 4K.Again each photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K around set charging part 75, development section 76, cleaning section 77 respectively, electric portion (not shown) etc. disappears.Then, the technology of imaging on each photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K (charging operation, exposure process, developing procedure, transfer printing process, cleaning process) forms each color image on each photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K.
Thereafter, the surface of photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K arrives the irradiation position of emission from the laser L of exposure portion 3, forms the electrostatic latent image corresponding with each color (exposure process) in this position by exposure scanning.
Thereafter, the surface of photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K reaches the position relative with developing apparatus 76, in this position electrostatic latent image is developed, and forms toner picture (developing procedure) of all kinds.
Thereafter, the surface of photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K arrives on the position relative with intermediate transfer belt 78 and the first transfer bias roller 79Y, 79M, 79C, 79K, on this position, the toner on photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, the 5K looks like to be transferred on intermediate transfer belt 78 (1 transfer printing process).At this moment, the toner of photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, the last remaining not transfer printing of 5C, 5K.
Thereafter, the surface of photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K arrives the position relative with cleaning section 77, on this position, remains in the be cleaned cleaning balde machinery recovery (cleaning process) of portion 77 of not transfer printing toner on photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, the 5K.
At last, the surface of photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K arrives and the not shown relative position of electric portion that disappears, and removes the residual electric potential on photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, the 5K in this position.
Like this, a series of imaging process that carries out on photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K finishes.
Thereafter, the toner picture of all kinds overlapping transfer printing on intermediate transfer belt 78 that is forming on the photoconductor drum through developing procedure.So just on intermediate transfer belt 78, form coloured image.
Here, intermediate transfer unit 85 is made of intermediate transfer belt 78, four 1 transfer bias roller 79Y, 79M, 79C, 79K, 2 transfer printing support roller 82, cleaning support roller 83, idler roller 84, intermediate transfer cleaning section 80 etc.Intermediate transfer belt 78 utilizes 3 roller 82～84 tensionings, support, and the rotation driving by means of 1 roller 82 simultaneously makes it move as ring-type by Figure 10 direction of arrow.
Four primary transfer bias voltage roller 79Y, 79M, 79C, 79K respectively with photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K clamping intermediate transfer belt 78, form 1 time transfer nip.On 1 transfer bias roller 79Y, 79M, 79C, 79K, apply opposite polarity transfer bias then with toner.
Then, intermediate transfer belt 78 passes through 1 transfer nip of each 1 transfer bias roller 79Y, 79M, 79C, 79K in regular turn along direction of arrow walking.Like this, the toner picture of all kinds on photoconductor drum 5Y, 5M, 5C, the 5K is needed on the intermediate transfer belt 78 with regard to superimposed 1 time.
Thereafter, toner of all kinds arrives and 2 transfer roll 89 opposed positions as the intermediate transfer belt 78 of overlapping transfer printing.On this position, sandwich intermediate transfer belt 78 between 2 transfer printing support roller 82 and 2 transfer rolls 89, form 2 times transfer nip.Then, the toner that is formed on four looks on the intermediate transfer belt 78 looks like to be transferred on the locational recording medium P that is sent to these 2 transfer nip.At this moment, at the remaining not transfer printing toner that is not transferred on the recording medium P on the intermediate transfer belt 78.
Thereafter, intermediate transfer belt 78 arrives the position of intermediate transfer cleaning section 80.So on this position, the not transfer printing toner on the intermediate transfer belt 78 obtains reclaiming.
Like this, finish a series of transfer printing process on intermediate transfer belt 78, carry out.
Here, the locational recording medium P that is sent to 2 transfer nip is the sheet feed section 12 that sets from apparatus main body 1 below, via paper feed roller 97 and the recording medium of protection roller to transmission such as 98 grades.
In detail, take in many overlapping recording medium P such as transfer paper in the sheet feed section 12.Rotate when paper feed roller 97 is driven along the counter clockwise direction among Figure 10, the recording medium P of the top just is transferred between the roller of a pair of registration roller 98.
The recording medium that transmits to registration roller 98 temporarily stops on the position of the roller clamping part of registration roller 98.Then, involutory with the coloured image on the intermediate transfer belt 78, drive registration roller 98 rotations, recording medium P is transmitted to 2 transfer nip.Thus, with desirable coloured image transfer printing on recording medium P.
At the recording medium P of the position of 2 transfer nip transfer of color images be sent to the position of photographic fixing portion 20 thereafter.Then, on this position, heat that transfer printing coloured image from the teeth outwards produces by photographic fixing band 21 and backer roll 31 and pressure by photographic fixing on recording medium P.
Here, the formation of the fixing device 20 of this example 7 is as the fixing device of above-mentioned example 1, and the same action of do.Promptly, the fixing device 20 of this example 7 also fixing device with above-mentioned example 1 is the same, be provided with subtend parts 22 and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.
Thereafter, recording medium P process exit roller is to being discharged from outside the device between 99 the roller.By the P of distributing roller, be temporarily stored in regular turn in storage part 100 as output image to the outer transfer printing of 99 dischargers.
So far, a succession of image formation process of image processing system finishes.
As mentioned above, as above-mentioned each example, in this example 7, be provided with subtend parts 22 and strengthening part 23, the inner peripheral surface subtend of described subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, heat fixer band 21, described strengthening part 23 joins with backer roll 31 by subtend parts 22 and photographic fixing band 21, strengthens the intensity of the subtend parts 22 of clamping part.Like this, can shorten heat time heating time and first time-write interval, the clamping width difference of Width is little, even also can suppress the generation of unfavorable conditions such as photographic fixing is bad under the situation of device high speed.
The invention is not restricted to above-mentioned each example, in the scope of technological thought of the present invention, except disclosing in above-mentioned each example, above-mentioned each example can be done suitable change, and this is conspicuous.Again, it is described that the number of above-mentioned each structure member, position, shape etc. are not limited to above-mentioned each example, can select for use to be suitable for implementing suitable number of the present invention, position, shape etc.
Claims (14)
1. a fixing device is characterized in that, comprising:
The ring-type fixing member looks like to heat to toner and makes its fusion, has pliability simultaneously;
The subtend parts, it is the metal fever conductor, fixedly installs the inner peripheral surface subtend with described fixing member, heats this fixing member, joins by this fixing member and pressure-producing part simultaneously, forms clamping part;
Strengthening part is fixedly installed on the inner peripheral surface side of described fixing member, by described subtend parts and fixing member, joins with described pressure-producing part, strengthens the intensity of the above-mentioned subtend parts of clamping part.
2. fixing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described strengthening part is the metal fever conductor.
3. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described strengthening part passes through heat insulating member, described subtend parts, and described fixing member and described pressure-producing part join.
4. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described strengthening part forms convex, compares with the Width both ends, and described strengthening part Width central portion is outstanding towards described pressure-producing part.
5. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described subtend parts are heated by the radiation heat of thermal source.
6. fixing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, makes the local of described strengthening part and face described thermal source subtend or all be minute surface.
7. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described subtend parts are heated by electromagnetic induction.
8. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described subtend parts are heated by the heat of resistance heater.
9. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described subtend parts are resistance heaters.
10. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described subtend parts comprise the 1st subtend parts and the 2nd subtend parts, described the 1st subtend parts are in the inner peripheral surface subtend of above-mentioned clamping part position and described fixing member, and described the 2nd subtend parts are in the position of removing above-mentioned clamping part and the inner peripheral surface subtend of described fixing member;
Described strengthening part and described the 1st subtend parts are integrated.
11. the fixing device according to described in the claim 10 is characterized in that:
Be provided with to the inner peripheral surface side of described fixing member and send photothermal thermal source;
Described the 1st subtend parts are made of the transmitance material.
12. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described pressure-producing part possesses spongiform elastic layer.
13. fixing device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described fixing member is photographic fixing band or photographic fixing film.
14. an image processing system is characterized in that, is provided with each described fixing device in the claim 1～13.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006319412 | 2006-11-28 | ||
| JP2006319412 | 2006-11-28 | ||
| JP2007127628 | 2007-05-14 |
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| CN101192040A CN101192040A (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| CN100593140C true CN100593140C (en) | 2010-03-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN200710196002A Active CN100593140C (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2007-11-28 | Fixing device and image forming apparatus |
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| JP (1) | JP2008158482A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100593140C (en) |
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| JP2005300755A (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-27 | Canon Inc | Endless belt, heater and image forming apparatus |
| JP2006133294A (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-25 | Canon Inc | Heating device |
| JP2006243497A (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Fixing device |
-
2007
- 2007-05-14 JP JP2007127628A patent/JP2008158482A/en active Pending
- 2007-11-28 CN CN200710196002A patent/CN100593140C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101192040A (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| JP2008158482A (en) | 2008-07-10 |
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