A kind of method for controlling frequency conversion of natural gas vehicle refueling mother station compressor bank
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compressor bank controlling method, relate in particular to a kind of method for controlling frequency conversion that is applicable to the natural gas vehicle refueling mother station compressor bank.
Background technique
Compressed natural gas has obtained application more and more widely at home as the alternative fuel of urban public transport and short-distance transport.In many places that do not have local source of the gas, need the development mothers and sons pattern of standing: set up female station at rock gas main conduit opening, pipeline gas is compressed to 20M Pa and charges air cylinder group on the tank car, be transported to the substation, city by tank car again; In the substation, tank car utilizes substation equipment to give with the aerating of gas vehicle, when tank car bottle group internal pressure is unloaded to 2MPa, returns female station aerating again.
The mother station of current operation, the average aerating ability of its compressor is 2000-2500Nm
3/ h is equivalent to average daily standard air demand 3 * 10
4-3.5 * 10
4Nm
3/ d only can satisfy 4-6 substation gas.Along with developing rapidly of city gas air entraining substation, the quantity and the layout of substation are increasingly rationalized, automobile with compressed natural gas quantity and gas consumption significantly increase, and it is not enough that the gas supply capacity at female station seems, have especially had influence on the normal air feed of substation with the gas peak period contradiction that supply falls short of demand.Therefore, fully the air feed potentiality at the existing female station of excavation are significant.
Along with the continuous progress of variable-frequency control technique, variable-frequency control technique has been applied to the tolerance of compressor and has regulated.These compressors are served aerodynamic force or Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) industry, and for example patent 200610044264.2, disclose a kind of technology that variable-frequency governor is regulated motor speed of using, with delivery pressure be controlled near the setting value one more among a small circle in; And for example patent application 200710041566.9, disclose a kind of frequency-variable flux-changing heat pump water heater, utilize frequency variator to change the heating capacity that compressor rotary speed is regulated heat pump.In field, natural gas vehicle refueling station, the application of variable-frequency control technique is also arranged,, disclose a kind of station system that constitutes by two cover compression units as patent 00244644.8, wherein a cover unit is a power frequency operation, and another group is for converting operation: when the gas consumption demand hour is opened a frequency conversion unit; When it can not satisfy with the gas demand, then open the power frequency unit, and do with the frequency conversion unit additional, until also reaching power frequency.In general, above-mentioned technology is utilized the purpose of variable frequency adjustment rotating speed, is to be the adaptation arts demand, and it is energy-conservation to realize to reduce air demand more than needed.Obviously, this is inconsistent with the demand that female station compressor increases the aerating ability.
On the other hand, female station compressor is the topmost energy consumption equipment of female station operation, and is different with the general technology compressor, when female station compressor was given the tank car aerating, its exhaust pressure constantly changed, and the load change scope is big, make motor move a lot of times away from design conditions, electric efficiency and decreased performance.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for controlling frequency conversion of natural gas vehicle refueling mother station compressor bank, improving the average daily standard air demand of existing female station compressor, and the power consumption of reduction system operation, thereby the on-road efficiency at female station improved.
The standard air demand of compressor of the present invention (hereinafter to be referred as air demand, Nm
3/ h), be meant that the tolerance that sucks with the ingress is converted to standard state i.e. 1 standard atmospheric pressure, 0 ℃ value, be the leading indicator that characterizes female station aerating ability.
For achieving the above object, the principle of institute of the present invention foundation is:
By the working principle of compressor as can be known, consumption of compressor and air demand change with rotating speed, pressure of inspiration(Pi) and exhaust pressure.For mother's compressor of standing, rotating speed is by the motor decision that drags; Pressure of inspiration(Pi) approaches the supply gas pressure of natural gas line, remains unchanged substantially; And exhaust pressure is approximately equal to tank car pressure, and its excursion is very big, and the high more power consumption of exhaust pressure is high more, and is little but air demand changes.Behind the rotating speed that changes compressor, under identical suction, exhaust pressure, the air demand of compressor and power consumption and rotating speed are approximated to the variation of direct ratio, and the torque that needs is constant.
Again by Electrical Motor as can be known, mainly by the frequency of supply decision of motor, the influence of load torque is little for the rotating speed of asynchronous motor.Studies show that further the electric efficiency when improving frequency of supply also increases during than power frequency, it is then opposite to reduce frequency of supply.
Like this, when compressor and asynchronous motor composition compressor bank, the rotating speed of unit depends primarily on frequency of supply, and the torque of unit depends primarily on tank car pressure, and the product of rotating speed and torque promptly is a power.Compressor needs torque less when tank car pressure is low, and can rise to higher level this moment with rotating speed, improves power, has also improved air demand; Along with tank car pressure raises, torque raises, and power also raises, and is permanent rotating speed operation during this period of time; Behind the rated power of power, reduce rotating speed more gradually near motor; Rise to when the highest until tank car pressure, rotating speed is also reduced to rated speed, is output-constant operation during this period of time.
When continuously giving the tank car aerating, on the one hand, because scheduling such as tank car is in place, access and disengagement need the time, on the other hand, rotating speed was higher when the lower and new car of compressor bank rotating speed began aerating when last car filled it up with, and the unit acceleration also needs a period of time.For these two times can compoundly be utilized, female station needs air cylinder in the configuration station, the tank car scheduling, when compressor quickens to this air cylinder aerating.Compressor does not need to shut down when having tank car; Start again after tank car arrives.Open, the shutdown stage can pass through Frequency Converter Control, and these time inner compressor power consumptions can be used for air cylinder aerating in the station.
Therefore, technological scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method for controlling frequency conversion of natural gas vehicle refueling mother station compressor bank, described compressor bank comprises female compressor, asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency and frequency variator of standing, and upper control computer, and air cylinder in the outfit station, this frequency-changeable compressor group is worked by following mode under the upper control computer commander:
(1), determine the process parameter of VFC, and be stored in the upper control computer, these parameters comprise:
(1.a) the maximum speed n of frequency-changeable compressor group
Max: the power frequency rotation speed n of getting compressor
n1.1~1.3 times of qualification rotating speeds as converting operation, promptly
n
max=(1.1~1.3)n
n,
Then the highest output frequency of frequency variator is
f
max=50×(n
max/n
n);
(1.b) the qualification power P of frequency-changeable compressor group
Max: with the rated power P of asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency
e93 ~ 98% qualification power as converting operation;
(1.c) determine compressor power frequency operation curve: under the power frequency electric power thus supplied, the operation compressor bank writes down the tank car pressure p to the tank car aerating
tWith the corresponding relation curve of power of motor P, and fit to function expression: P=P (p
t);
(1.d) the turnover pressure p of frequency-changeable compressor group
c: utilize counter the asking of above-mentioned function expression to limit the pairing tank car pressure of power, P promptly solves an equation
Max=P (p
c), be the turnover pressure p
c
(2), the variable frequency starting of compressor bank:
(2.a) make compressor connect air cylinder in the station;
(2.b) start compressor, keep 10s with 20Hz;
(2.c) increment with 0.5~1Hz/s improves frequency of supply gradually, and until reaching power frequency 50Hz, compressor bank accelerates to n gradually in this process
n
(2.d) increment with 0.1Hz/s improves frequency of supply gradually, up to reaching highest frequency f
Max, compressor bank accelerates to n gradually in this process
Max
(3), to tank car aerating process:
(3.a) tank car ready after, make compressor bank connect tank car;
(3.b) detect the tank car pressure p with the fixing sampling period
d, the sampling period is taken as 5~10s;
(3.c) if detect p
d<p
cThe time, keep unit frequency of supply f=f
MaxIf detect p
d>p
cAfter, the frequency of supply of adjusting unit is f=50 * [P
Max/ P (p
d)];
(3.d) each sampling period repeating step (3.b), (3.c) reach up to tank car pressure and to be full of pressure;
(3.e), then go to step (4) if also have tank car to wait for aerating; If there is not tank car, then go to step (5);
(4), tank car switches:
(4.a) compressor is connected air cylinder in the station;
(2.d) quickens compressor (4.b) set by step, and it is ready to dispatch new tank car simultaneously;
(4.c) change step (3) to the tank car aerating;
(5), the frequency conversion of compressor bank is stopped:
(5.a) make compressor connect air cylinder in the station;
(5.b) decrement with 0.5~1Hz/s reduces frequency of supply gradually until reaching 20Hz;
(5.c) inject motor, keep 10s with 0Hz (direct current);
(5.d) cut off the unit power supply, inertia stops;
(6), when new tank car arrives the back and waits for aerating, if air cylinder pressure is higher than this tank car pressure in the station, air cylinder connection tank car in then will stand is to the tank car aerating.
In above-mentioned steps, the described compressor power frequency operation of step (1.c) curve also is the corresponding relation of tank car pressure-power of motor, also can be stored in the upper control computer with form, and the interval of tank car pressure can be taken as 1MPa or 0.5MPa in the form; When step (1.d) and step (3.c) need be carried out functional operation, obtain required numerical value to remake interpolation arithmetic after tabling look-up.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: according to above scheme, by the mean speed of raising compressor to the tank car aerating, and then the average air demand of raising compressor bank, thereby effectively increase female average daily air demand of standing; Because rotating speed promotes, and the power utilization of unit is full, efficiency of motor improves simultaneously, and loss reduces, and the power consumption of unit unit's aerogenesis reduces to some extent, has remarkable energy saving effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a power P under certain female station compressor different rotating speeds
cWith the tank car pressure p
tCorresponding relation, pressure of inspiration(Pi) is 1.5MPa; Wherein, y coordinate is represented compressor horsepower P
c, abscissa is represented the tank car pressure p
t
Fig. 2 is stand air demand Q and a tank car pressure p under the compressor different rotating speeds of this mother
tCorresponding relation, pressure of inspiration(Pi) is 1.5MPa; Wherein, y coordinate is represented compressor gas supplied amount Q, and abscissa is represented the tank car pressure p
t
Fig. 3 is the variation relation of the efficiency eta of certain asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency with load factor k, and load factor is the ratio of actual motor torque and nominal torque; Wherein, y coordinate is represented the efficiency eta of asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency, and abscissa is represented load factor k.
Tank car pressure p when Fig. 4 is female station compressor bank power frequency operation
tThe variation course of time in time; Wherein, y coordinate is represented the tank car pressure p
t, abscissa express time time.
Compressor horsepower P when Fig. 5 is female station compressor bank power frequency operation
cWith power of motor P
mThe variation course of time in time; Wherein, y coordinate is represented compressor horsepower P
cWith power of motor P
m, abscissa express time time.
Tank car pressure p when Fig. 6 is female station compressor bank converting operation
tWith the compressor rotary speed n variation course of time in time; Wherein, y coordinate is represented the tank car pressure p
tWith compressor rotary speed n, abscissa is represented express time time.
Compressor horsepower P when Fig. 7 is female station compressor bank converting operation
cWith power of motor P
mThe variation course of time in time; Wherein, y coordinate is represented compressor horsepower P
cWith power of motor P
m, abscissa express time time.
Embodiment
Further specify principle of the present invention and technological scheme below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2: the working principle by compressor knows that consumption of compressor and air demand change with rotating speed, pressure of inspiration(Pi) and exhaust pressure.For mother's compressor of standing, rotating speed is by the motor decision that drags; Pressure of inspiration(Pi) approaches the supply gas pressure of natural gas line, and its wave range generally has only several kPa, with respect to other average supply gas pressure of MPa level, can be similar to be considered as constant; Exhaust pressure is approximately equal to tank car pressure, and in the aerating process, tank car pressure is increased to 20MPa gradually by 2MPa, so the scope that exhaust pressure changes very greatly.Studies show that further, decide under the rotating speed that the high more power consumption of exhaust pressure is high more, little but air demand changes.Behind the rotating speed that changes compressor, under identical suction, exhaust pressure, the variation that the air demand of compressor and power consumption are directly proportional with rotating speed substantially, and the torque that needs is constant.
With certain the three grades two female station of row compressors is example, get rotating speed and be respectively 600r/min, 740r/min, 900r/min, pressure of inspiration(Pi) is fixed as 1.5MPa, exhaust pressure is in 2MPa~25MPa scope, and the power of compressor and air demand concern respectively as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 with exhaust pressure and change in rotational speed.Under the 740r/min rotating speed, this mother stands compressor gas supplied amount at 2220~2150Nm
3/ h, the amplitude of variation is little; But air horsepower scope 75~275kW, amplitude of variation is very big.The tank car maximum pressure is 20MPa, and the air demand of this moment is 2160Nm
3/ h, air horsepower peak value are 253kW, therefore need the motor of apolegamy 280kW, and load factor is 26.7~90.4%.What deserves to be mentioned is that the higher load of female station compressor appears at the tank car pressure 20MPa stage, therefore, female station unit most of the time can be in the situation of light running.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate that also when improving or reduce rotating speed, the air demand of compressor and power consumption and rotating speed are approximated to direct ratio to be changed.
Referring to Fig. 3: by Electrical Motor as can be known, mainly by the frequency of supply decision of motor, the influence of load torque is little for the rotating speed of asynchronous motor.Electric efficiency when improving frequency of supply also increases during than power frequency, and it is then opposite to reduce frequency of supply.As shown in Figure 3, under the power frequency power supply, the full load electric efficiency is very high, and along with load factor reduces, electric efficiency descends to some extent; When load factor reduced to 50%, efficient had been lower than 90%; Load factor further reduces, and efficient begins rapid decline.After adopting inverter supply, though can not change this variation tendency, after frequency improved, the electric efficiency under the identical torque had raising in various degree; The effect that reduces frequency is then opposite.For example, during 20% nominal torque, the 70Hz power supply still can provide the electric efficiency more than 90%; And adopt the 25Hz power supply, even under the nominal torque also only there be about 85% efficient.
So, when motor and compressor both composition dragging system, the characteristic of whole unit is: the exhaust pressure of compressor is that the decision of tank car pressure drags required torque, the rotating speed of the frequency of supply decision unit of motor, both interact and determine power consumption, efficient and the air demand of whole unit, and have determined the aerating process characteristic.
With the aforementioned three grade of two female station of row compressor is example, pressure of inspiration(Pi) 1.5MPa, exhaust pressure (equaling trailer pressure) 2~20MPa, motor power frequency rotation speed n
n=740r/min, rated power P
e=280kW, relatively more existing power frequency drags the effect that drags two kinds of schemes with frequency conversion of the present invention.
1. power frequency drags
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, be the aerating conditional curve under the power frequency motor drags.Fill it up with a tank car time spent 90min, average aerating speed 2187Nm
3/ h; Compressor power consumption 282kWh, motor power consumption 329.5kWh, motor average efficiency 88.2%, load factor are lower than 70% time 42min, account for 47% of working time.
2. the embodiment that drags of frequency conversion
Adopt VFC scheme of the present invention.The frequency-changeable compressor group comprises female compressor, asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency and frequency variator of standing, and upper control computer (PLC or process control machine), and is equipped with air cylinder in the station.This frequency-changeable compressor group is worked by following mode under the upper control computer commander:
(1), determine the process parameter of VFC, and be stored in the upper control computer, these parameters comprise:
(1.a) the qualification rotation speed n of frequency-changeable compressor group
Max: with the power frequency rotation speed n of compressor
n1.1 ~ 1.3 times as the qualification rotating speed after the frequency conversion, n in this example
Max=900r/min, then limiting frequency is f
Max=50 * (900/740)=60.8Hz;
(1.b) the qualification power P of frequency-changeable compressor group
Max: with the rated power P of asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency
e95% as the qualification power after the frequency conversion, P
Max=280 * 95%=266kW;
(1.c) determine the power frequency operation curve of compressor: under the power frequency electric power thus supplied, the operation compressor bank is to the tank car aerating, record tank car pressure p
tWith the corresponding relation curve of power of motor P, this curve is 740r/min curve among Fig. 2.Can fit to function expression:
P=P (p
t)
=-0.001176p
t 4+0.08194p
t 3-2.213p
t 2+32.7p
t+16.41;
(1.d) the turnover pressure p of frequency-changeable compressor group
c: utilize counter the asking of above-mentioned function expression to limit the pairing tank car pressure of power, this is turnover pressure, p
c=11.7MPa;
(2), the variable frequency starting of compressor bank:
(2.a) make compressor connect air cylinder in the station;
(2.b) start compressor, keep 10s with 20Hz;
(2.c) increment with 0.5~1Hz/s improves frequency of supply gradually until reaching power frequency 50Hz, and compressor bank accelerates to 740r/min gradually in this process;
(2.d) increment with 0.1Hz/s improves frequency of supply gradually, and up to reaching highest frequency 60.8Hz, compressor bank accelerates to 900r/min gradually in this process;
(3), to tank car aerating process:
(3.a) tank car ready after, make compressor bank connect tank car;
(3.b) detect the tank car pressure p with the fixing sampling period
t, the sampling period generally is taken as 5~10s;
(3.c) if detect p
t<p
cThe time, keep unit frequency of supply f=60.8Hz; If detect p
t>p
cAfter, the frequency of supply of adjusting unit is f=50 * [266/P (p
t)];
(3.d) each sampling period repeating step (3.b), (3.c) reach up to tank car pressure and to be full of pressure;
(3.e), then go to (4) if also have tank car to wait for aerating; If there is not tank car, then go to (5);
(4), tank car switches:
(4.a) compressor is connected air cylinder in the station;
(4.b) quicken compressor by (2.d), it is ready to dispatch new tank car simultaneously;
(4.c) change (3) to the tank car aerating;
(5), the frequency conversion of compressor bank is stopped:
(5.a) make compressor connect air cylinder in the station;
(5.b) decrement with 0.5~1Hz/s reduces frequency of supply gradually until reaching 20Hz;
(5.c) inject motor, keep 10s with 0Hz (direct current);
(5.d) cut off the unit power supply, inertia stops;
(6), when new tank car arrives the back and waits for aerating, if air cylinder pressure is higher than this tank car pressure in the station, air cylinder connection tank car in then will stand is to the tank car aerating.
Referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, be the aerating conditional curve under above-mentioned VFC.Fill it up with a tank car time spent 75min, average aerating speed 2584Nm
3/ h; Compressor power consumption 282kWh, motor power consumption 306.6kWh, motor average efficiency 91.9%, load factor are lower than 70% time 14min, account for 20% of working time.
In above-mentioned steps, the described compressor power frequency operation of step (1.c) curve also is the corresponding relation of tank car pressure-power of motor, also can be stored in the upper control computer desirable 1MPa in the interval of tank car pressure or 0.5MPa in the form with form; In the time of at (1.d) and (3.c) functional operation need being carried out, obtain required numerical value to remake interpolation arithmetic after tabling look-up.
3. the economic comparison of two kinds of schemes.
At first, according to technological scheme of the present invention, the average daily standard air demand at female station is increased.The compressor variable frequency operation of female station owing to increased average aerating speed, has reduced the aerating time of each tank car, thereby has increased the quantity that adds gas-tanker day, has promptly increased average daily standard air demand.
For present embodiment, calculate by the 16h that works every day at female station, vehicle is in place, insert and break away from and press 5min calculating, by 0.6 yuan of calculating of every degree electricity, then the performance driving economy analysis of female station compressor bank is as shown in table 1 under two kinds of schemes by 0.5 yuan of every standard cubic meter, commercial power average price for female station rock gas differences between purchasing and selling price.From contrasting as seen, technological scheme of the present invention can make the average daily gas supply capacity in female station improve 20%, if increasing purchase frequency variator and improvement expenses need about 320,000 yuan of funds, then can recoup the investment in 100 days.
The economic analysis of the different operating schemes in the female station of table 1
Operating conditions |
Day filling vehicle number |
Daily output tolerance/(Nm
3/d)
|
Profit on sales/unit |
Unit power consumption/kWh |
The electricity charge/unit |
Pre-tax profit/unit |
After-tax profit/unit |
Not frequency conversion |
10 |
3.2× 10
4 |
1.60 ten thousand |
3295 |
1977 |
1.40 ten thousand |
1.07 ten thousand |
Frequency conversion |
12 |
3.84× 10
4 |
1.92 ten thousand |
3780 |
2207 |
1.70 ten thousand |
1.40 ten thousand |
Secondly, according to technological scheme of the present invention, female station compressor bank is energy-conservation because of frequency conversion drive improves electric efficiency.
For present embodiment, fill it up with a tank car, the motor power consumption decreases, and energy-saving effect is:
(329.5-306.6)÷329.5×100%=7%
Even count the loss (its efficient about 96~98%) of frequency variator, actual energy-saving effect still has more than 3%.