CN100587233C - Steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device - Google Patents

Steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100587233C
CN100587233C CN200710185429A CN200710185429A CN100587233C CN 100587233 C CN100587233 C CN 100587233C CN 200710185429 A CN200710185429 A CN 200710185429A CN 200710185429 A CN200710185429 A CN 200710185429A CN 100587233 C CN100587233 C CN 100587233C
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steam
chip microcomputer
turbine exhaust
cylindrical cavity
line measurement
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CN101182787A (en
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韩中合
张淑娥
杨再旺
钱江波
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

An online measuring device for turbine discharging humidity pertains to the art of measuring technology, used to solve the online detection of the steam humidity. The technical proposal is that the device consists of a microwave resonance transducer, a resonance frequency detection circuit, a single chip and a display; the microwave resonance transducer is arranged in the exhaust steam casing of aturbine and the microwave signal transmission interface is connected with the resonance frequency detection circuit through a wave guide; the control end and the output end of the resonance frequencydetection circuit are connected with the different feet of the single chip; the display is connected with the PORT1 interface of the single chip. Compared with the prior measuring device, the presentinvention not only greatly simplifies the structure and reduces the manufacturing cost but also has the advantages of very simple operation and high measuring accuracy, which is particularly applicable to the online detection of turbine discharging humidity in construction.

Description

A kind of steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device that can carry out the online detection of highi degree of accuracy, belong to technical field of measurement and test steam turbine exhaust steam moisture.
Background technique
Therefore steam moisture is necessary steam turbine exhaust steam moisture is carried out on-line monitoring to the Security of steam turbine and Economy important influence all.At present, the method for measurement steam turbine exhaust steam moisture can be divided into thermodynamic method and optical method.
The thermomechanics ratio juris is turbine discharge to be extracted out the sample of certain mass, sample is heated or condensation, by measuring the humidity that heating or thermal discharge calculate turbine discharge.All thermodynamic methods are carrying out all needing when steam turbine exhaust steam moisture is measured to extract the part sample from the turbine discharge steam flow, therefore, its measuring accuracy not only depends on extracting the measurement links of sample, also aspirated the influence of sampling link.And the parameter that this method need be measured is many, measuring phase is complicated, is difficult to realize the on-line measurement of engineering site.
Optical method is measured steam moisture and is based upon on the scattering of light principle basis, when light when containing the wet steam flow of water droplet, be subjected to the influence of water droplet light scattering effect in the steam, part light produces scattering phenomenon, therefore transmitted light intensity is less than incident intensity, thereby by measuring wet vapor drop diameter in the wet vapor, water droplet quantity and steam moisture obtained in scattering of light or decay.One of key of optical method success is to keep the cleaning of optical window, generally adopt logical warm air to keep window surface not contact with water at present with greasy dirt, but being exposed to, measures in the steam flow optical window long period, its surface is subjected to polluting and is difficult to avoid, and this has limited its application in practice to a great extent.
In a word, existing steam wetness measurement method and measuring device thereof all exist wretched insufficiency, design a kind of simple in structure, adaptive capacity to environment is strong, the steam wetness measurement device of cheap for manufacturing cost, function admirable, is very necessary to Security and the Economy that improves steam turbine.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be used to overcome prior art defective, a kind of simple in structure, easy to operate steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device is provided.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, form by microwave resonance sensor Q, resonant frequency testing circuit, single-chip microcomputer U1 and display device XS, described microwave resonance sensor Q places in the turbine discharge cylinder, its microwave signal transmission interface connects the resonant frequency testing circuit by waveguide, the control end of described resonant frequency testing circuit and output terminal meet single-chip microcomputer U1, and display device XS connects the PORT1 interface of single-chip microcomputer U1.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, described resonant frequency testing circuit is made up of resonant frequency tracking circuit and mixting circuit, described mixting circuit is made up of crystal oscillator U5 and Adder U6, the Rfout end of the RFin2 termination crystal oscillator U5 of Adder U6, the P0.0 end of Rfout termination single-chip microcomputer U1, described resonant frequency tracking circuit is by voltage controlled oscillator U2, directional coupler U3, circulator U4, cymoscope D and DC preamplifier F form, the P0.1 end of the AFC termination single-chip microcomputer U1 of voltage controlled oscillator U2, the RFin end of Rfout termination directional coupler U3, the Rfout2 termination Adder U6Rfin1 end of directional coupler U3, the interface of circulator U4 connects the Rfout1 end of directional coupler U3, an interface meets microwave resonance sensor Q, and interface connects the P0.2 end of single-chip microcomputer U1 successively through cymoscope D and DC preamplifier F.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, described microwave resonance sensor Q is the cylindrical cavity that both ends open, a centre are provided with the microwave signal transmission interface, at the two ends of cylindrical cavity inside an annulus separator is set respectively, described annulus separator is formed with the coaxial cylinder of cylindrical cavity by 1~4, they are connected with cylindrical cavity near an end of cylindrical cavity port, and the expansion coefficient of annulus separator is bigger than cylindrical cavity.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device is set up vapor (steam) temperature sensor T, and described vapor (steam) temperature sensor T is fixed in the outlet end outer wall place of resonant cavity, and its signal output part connects the P0.3 end of single-chip microcomputer U1.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, the wall that described cylindrical cavity air-flow flows into end is a wedge-shaped structure.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, described annulus separator is made of the metal fine-structure mesh.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, described cylindrical cavity is by constituting by wedge shape cylinder 1, middle cylinder 3 and the regulating sleeve 6 that is threaded successively, the wall of described wedge shape cylinder 1 is a wedge-shaped structure, utilizes positioning screwn 5 to adjust the location between described regulating sleeve 6 and middle cylinder.
Above-mentioned steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device, the interface of described connection microwave signal transmission waveguide is an elliptical aperture, and elliptical aperture major and minor axis radius ratio is 1: 0.4, and the major axis of elliptical aperture is identical with the resonator axis direction.
The turbine discharge that utilization of the present invention has certain humidity is during by microwave resonance sensor, microwave resonance sensor is produced perturbation, the resonant frequency of resonant cavity will be offset this rule with the variation of steam moisture, the steam moisture signal conversion is become the resonant cavity resonant frequency signal be easy to measure with resonant cavity, by measuring the skew of resonant cavity resonant frequency, realize measurement to steam moisture.Because the parameter of need measuring is few, do not need to extract sample, the microwave resonance sensor adaptive capacity to environment is strong, thereby compare with existing measuring device, the present invention not only structurally simplifies greatly, manufacture cost reduces greatly, and operation is very simple, the measuring accuracy height is particularly suitable at engineering site steam turbine exhaust steam moisture being carried out online detection.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of resonant cavity;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of wedge shape cylinder;
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of annulus slicer;
Fig. 7 is the left view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of middle cylinder;
Fig. 9 is the left view figure of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of regulating sleeve;
Figure 11 is the left view of Figure 10.
Each label is among the figure: 1, wedge shape cylinder, 2, the annulus slicer, 3, middle cylinder, 4, rectangular waveguide, 5, positioning screwn, 6, regulating sleeve, U1, single-chip microcomputer, U2, voltage controlled oscillator, U3, directional coupler, U4, circulator, U5, crystal oscillator, U6, Adder, Q, microwave resonance sensor, T, temperature transducer, D, cymoscope, F, DC preamplifier, XS, display device.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of brand new technical of the steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement based on the microwave cavity perturbation, this is invented mainly based on following thought:
The steam-water mixture that turbine discharge is made up of dry saturated vapor and a large amount of fine mist, because the permittivity difference of vaporous water and liquid water is very big, so the humidity difference of turbine discharge, its permittivity is also just different.For the microwave of certain frequency, under the certain situation of pressure, temperature, the permittivity of turbine discharge only is decided by the humidity of steam discharge, therefore, can realize the measurement of steam turbine exhaust steam moisture by the permittivity of measuring turbine discharge.
The minor variations of medium permittivity will produce perturbation to resonant cavity in the microwave resonance sensor, cause the change of resonant cavity resonant frequency, by measuring the resonant cavity change of resonance frequency, can measure medium permittivity or its variable quantity in the resonant cavity.
Under the normal operating conditions of steam turbine, the humidity value and the excursion of turbine discharge are little, its permittivity and variation are very little, and for the microwave resonance sensor that is full of turbine discharge, the variation of exhaust steam moisture will produce perturbation to microwave resonance sensor in the resonant cavity.
The present invention is when utilizing the turbine discharge with certain humidity to pass through microwave resonance sensor, microwave resonance sensor is produced perturbation, the resonant frequency of resonant cavity will be offset with the difference of steam moisture, by measuring the skew of resonant cavity resonant frequency, realizes the measurement to steam moisture.
Referring to Fig. 2, send into the input end RFin of voltage controlled oscillator U2 by the voltage control signal of single-chip microcomputer U1P0.1 end output, the microwave frequency that control voltage controlled oscillator U2 takes place, the microwave signal that voltage controlled oscillator U2 produces is imported directional coupler U3 from its signal output part RFout through coaxial waveguide (UT250-50), this signal is divided into two-way behind directional coupler U3, one tunnel output signal is exported by output terminal Rfout1, through circulator U4, coaxial waveguide, the rectangular coaxial waveguide switch, rectangular waveguide enters both ends open cylindrical cavity Q, the reflected microwave signal of cylindrical cavity Q is passed through rectangular waveguide again, the rectangular coaxial waveguide switch, coaxial waveguide is returned circulator U4, and (effect of circulator is to make the microwave signal of voltage controlled oscillator directly not lead to cymoscope, this signal enters the waveguide input resonator through circulator, after the resonant cavity frequency-selecting, microwave signal is returned circulator again, enter cymoscope) after send into cymoscope, the output signal of cymoscope is through the P0.2 end of dc amplifier input single-chip microcomputer U1 (the signal processing control and the controller of microwave signal source), the resonant frequency of resonant cavity Q changes with steam moisture is different, the signal of input single-chip microcomputer U1P0.2 end changes with steam moisture, the voltage signal of single-chip microcomputer input voltage controlled oscillator U2 changes with steam moisture, and the microwave frequency that voltage controlled oscillator U2 is produced changes with steam moisture (resonant frequency of resonant cavity Q).Another road output signal of directional coupler U3 is sent from its output terminal Rfout2, standard frequency mixing with highly stable crystal oscillator U5 generation, the difference frequency signal of Adder U6Rfout end output is (because the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator U2 is identical with the resonant frequency of resonant cavity Q, the frequency of this difference frequency signal is actually the oscillation frequency of highly stable crystal oscillator U5 and the difference of resonant cavity Q resonant frequency, the signal frequency that highly stable crystal oscillator U5 produces is constant, and the resonant frequency of resonant cavity changes with steam moisture, therefore the size of this difference frequency signal has also just reflected the size by the resonant cavity steam moisture, and this difference frequency signal is to import single-chip microcomputer as the measurement signal of reflection steam moisture size.) deliver to single-chip microcomputer with the vapor (steam) temperature signal of vapor (steam) temperature sensor T output and carry out computing, result of calculation is exported by display device XS.
Voltage controlled oscillator U2, directional coupler U3, circulator U4, cymoscope D, dc amplifier F, single-chip microcomputer U1, highly stable crystal oscillator U5, Adder U6 are arranged in the cabinet, both ends open cylindrical cavity Q, rectangular waveguide, rectangular coaxial waveguide switch are outside cabinet, and cylindrical cavity Q is connected by a coaxial waveguide of passing cabinet with circulator U4.Vapor (steam) temperature sensor T is fixed in the outlet end outer wall place of resonant cavity Q.
When measuring wet vapor humidity, the axis of both ends open cylindrical cavity Q is consistent with the turbine discharge airflow direction, allows the wet vapor free stream cross resonant cavity.
The model of each circuit elements device is: U1 adopts single-chip microcomputer commonly used, and U2 adopts MDR3100, and U3 adopts XB-DCL-90-10D, and U4 adopts BQB10, and U5 adopts MDR6100, and U6 adopts BHB7518, and coaxial waveguide adopts UT250-50.
Referring to Fig. 3, cylindrical cavity is by constituting by wedge shape cylinder 1, middle cylinder 3 and the regulating sleeve 6 that is threaded successively.The wall of wedge shape cylinder 1 inlet end is a wedge-shaped structure, and the annulus slicer of airflow inlet is fixed between wedge shape cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 3, and the annulus slicer of flow outlet is fixed on the regulating sleeve 6.During concrete enforcement, cylindrical cavity with and with the Placement of annulus slicer multiple variation can be arranged.For guaranteeing that sampling error is little, the internal diameter of wedge shape cylinder 1 and middle cylinder 3 should be consistent.
Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, the annulus slicer is made up of three equidistant equal thickness fine-structure mesh annulus, and this ring fine-structure mesh separator structure both can allow two phase flow of damp steam freely pass through resonant cavity, steam flow flow resistance by resonant cavity the time is less, has guaranteed that again resonant cavity has high quality factor; Resonant cavity cavity and the annulus separator at two ends adopt the metallic material of different expansion coefficient respectively, the cylindrical shape resonant cavity adopts low-expansion material, two ends annulus separator adopts high-expansion material, difference according to two kinds of material expansion coefficient that adopt, stretch into the length of resonant cavity by design two ends annulus separator, make when tested wet vapor temperature variation, the expansion of resonant cavity cavity and two ends separator is cancelled out each other to the influence of resonant cavity resonant frequency, thereby makes the influence that measurement is not changed by vapor (steam) temperature.
Referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, it is a wedge-shaped structure that the air-flow of resonant cavity flows into end wall surface, and this structure can make the two phase flow of damp steam parameter that enters resonant cavity consistent with the main flow parameter, does not have sampling deviation.
Referring to Fig. 8, Fig. 9, cylindrical shape wall central authorities at resonant cavity have an elliptical aperture, and elliptical aperture major and minor axis radius ratio is 1: 0.4, and the major axis of elliptical aperture is identical with the resonator axis direction, resonant cavity carries out the microwave signal transmission by this elliptical aperture and rectangular waveguide coupling.
Referring to Figure 10, Figure 11, regulating sleeve 6 is used to regulate the length of resonant cavity, and rotating regulating sleeve 6 can be regulated two distances between the annulus slicer, regulates resonant frequency, and positioning screwn 5 is used for regulating sleeve 6 fixing with middle cylinder 3.
When measuring wet vapor humidity, resonator axis is consistent with airflow direction, allows the wet vapor free stream cross resonant cavity, draws the steam moisture that flows through resonant cavity by measuring the resonant cavity change of resonance frequency.
This device does not need the suction sampling, does not need measuring the sample heating and to sample condensation, having reduced measurement links and improved measuring accuracy yet; The microstrip circuit that microwave part in the measuring device is made up of the waveguide hybrid circuit that goes in ring, the mounted on surface detector diode with coupling and biasing circuit and little band conduction waveguide are formed, and system is simple.This device is not afraid of pollution, and adaptive capacity to environment is strong, and low cost of manufacture can online high-acruracy survey steam turbine exhaust steam moisture value and variation thereof.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device is characterized in that, it is made up of microwave resonance sensor (Q), resonant frequency testing circuit, single-chip microcomputer (U1) and display device (XS); Described microwave resonance sensor (Q) places in the turbine discharge cylinder, and its microwave signal transmission interface connects the resonant frequency testing circuit by waveguide; The control end of described resonant frequency testing circuit and output terminal connect single-chip microcomputer (U1), and display device (XS) connects the PORT1 interface of single-chip microcomputer (U1);
Described microwave resonance sensor (Q) is the cylindrical cavity that both ends open, a centre are provided with the microwave signal transmission interface, at the two ends of cylindrical cavity inside an annulus separator is set respectively, described annulus separator is formed with the coaxial cylinder of cylindrical cavity by 1~4, its end near the cylindrical cavity port is connected with cylindrical cavity, the expansion coefficient of annulus separator is bigger than cylindrical cavity, wherein, cylindrical cavity adopts low-expansion material, and two ends annulus separator adopts high-expansion material.
2, according to the described steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cylindrical cavity is by constituting by wedge shape cylinder (1), middle cylinder (3) and the regulating sleeve (6) that is threaded successively, the wall of described wedge shape cylinder (1) is a wedge-shaped structure, utilizes positioning screwn (5) to adjust the location between described regulating sleeve (6) and middle cylinder.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement devices, it is characterized in that, described resonant frequency testing circuit is made up of resonant frequency tracking circuit and mixting circuit, described mixting circuit is made up of crystal oscillator (U5) and Adder (U6), the Rfout end of the RFin2 termination crystal oscillator (U5) of Adder (U6), the P0.0 end of the Rfout termination single-chip microcomputer (U1) of Adder (U6), described resonant frequency tracking circuit is by voltage controlled oscillator (U2), directional coupler (U3), circulator (U4), cymoscope (D) and DC preamplifier (F) are formed, the P0.1 end of the RFin termination single-chip microcomputer (U1) of voltage controlled oscillator (U2), the RFin end of the Rfout termination directional coupler (U3) of voltage controlled oscillator (U2), Rfout2 termination Adder (U6) the Rfin1 end of directional coupler (U3), an interface of circulator (U4) connects the Rfout1 end of directional coupler (U3), an interface connects microwave resonance sensor (Q), and interface connects the P0.2 end of single-chip microcomputer (U1) successively through cymoscope (D) and DC preamplifier (F).
4, steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, set up vapor (steam) temperature sensor (T), described vapor (steam) temperature sensor (T) is fixed in the outlet end outer wall place of resonant cavity, and its signal output part connects the P0.3 end of single-chip microcomputer (U1).
According to the described steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device of claim 4, it is characterized in that 5, described annulus separator is made of the metal fine-structure mesh.
According to the described steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device of claim 5, it is characterized in that 6, the interface of described connection microwave signal transmission waveguide is an elliptical aperture, elliptical aperture major and minor axis radius ratio is 1: 0.4, and the major axis of elliptical aperture is identical with the resonator axis direction.
CN200710185429A 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Steam turbine exhaust steam moisture on-line measurement device Expired - Fee Related CN100587233C (en)

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CN105548218B (en) * 2016-01-18 2018-01-23 华北电力大学(保定) A kind of pressure compensation microwave cavity for the online moisture measurement of steam
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