CN100584970C - A kind of hybrid extraction method of extracting and separating rear earth element and extraction agent - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid extraction method of extracting and separating rear earth element and extraction agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of hybrid extraction method and extraction agent that is used for the rare earth element extracting and separating, this method is by adopting by quaternary ammonium type extraction agent such as N263 etc. and acidic phosphorus extractant such as one or more mixed extractants that mix wherein such as P507 or P204, obtain through organic solvent diluting, need not be through saponification such as ammoniacal liquor, sodium hydroxide, bicarbonate of ammonia, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood, the extracting and separating that promptly can be used for rare earth element after the washing, organic phase water or diluted acid can complete back extractions.Adopt hybrid extraction method of the present invention and extraction agent, in the technological process of rare earth element extracting and separating, greatly reduce the consumption of acid, alkali, avoided ammonia nitrogen sewage, saved production cost, reduced environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extracting process and extraction agent of rare earth element, be specifically related to a kind of hybrid extraction method and extraction agent of extracting and separating rear earth element.
Background technology
China is as the first in the world rare earth big country, the resource that known reserves 80% is arranged, along with the range of application of science and technology development rare earth more and more widely, thereby it is increasing to the demand of single high-purity rare-earth element, yet because the character of rare earth element is quite similar, the difficulty that has caused rare earth element to separate, up to the present the solvent extraction and separation method remains separation of rare earth elements and produces the effective and the most economic way of high-purity rare-earth.
The solvent extraction and separation method has that treatment capacity is big, speed of response is fast, the advantage of good separating effect, and it is during domestic and international rare-earth industry is produced, and the main method of separation and Extraction rare earth element also is one of main method of separating preparation high-purity single rare earth compound.Acidic phosphorus extractant is since beginning industrial application the end of the sixties in last century, industrial most widely used main P204 (2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid) and P507 (di-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester), P204 and P507 are the bigger acidic phosphorus extractants of separation factor between rare earth element, yet the too strong back extraction difficulty of the extracting power of P204, the P507 extracting power than P204 a little less than, but the extracting power to heavy rare earths is still very strong, promptly use the also very difficult back extraction of hydrochloric acid of peracid degree clean, and above two kinds of extraction agents all need through saponification such as ammoniacal liquor or sodium hydroxide or bicarbonate of ammonia, produce a large amount of ammonia nitrogen waste waters, when increasing production cost environment is caused bigger pollution; Cyanex272 (two (2,4, the 4-tri-methyl-amyl) phosphonic acids) is as a kind of good acid phosphine kind of extractants, well be applied in rare earth element and separated, extraction, back extraction acidity are low, good separating effect, but exist loading capacity low simultaneously, shortcomings such as easy emulsification; Chinese patent CN80105043.6 discloses the method for a kind of non-saponification P204 extracting and separating rear earth element from sulfuric acid system, extracting and separating rear earth element the rare earth sulfate solution that is applied to when sulfuric acid process is handled the packet header rare-earth mineral, obtain, the non-saponification P204 of this process using, do not produce ammonia nitrogen waste water, but since the sulfuric acid system rare earth concentration low (＜45g/L), extraction agent investment is big, and heavy rare earths back extraction difficulty in the P204 system, strip liquor spent acid height, sour consumption is bigger.
Summary of the invention
At existing problem in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of hybrid extraction method and extraction agent that is used for the rare earth element extracting and separating, the mixed extractant that this method adopted is mixed by wherein one or more of quaternary ammonium type extraction agent such as N263 etc. and acidic phosphorus extractant such as P507 or P204 etc., obtain through organic solvent diluting, need not be through ammoniacal liquor, sodium hydroxide, bicarbonate of ammonia, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood, sodium bicarbonate, saponification such as saleratus, the extracting and separating that promptly can be used for rare earth element after the washing, organic phase water or diluted acid get final product complete back extraction, thereby reach the consumption that reduces bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, avoid ammonia nitrogen sewage, save production cost, reduce the purpose of environmental pollution.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of hybrid extraction method of extracting and separating rear earth element comprises the steps:
Step 1, with extraction agent A and extraction agent B in molar ratio 0.1: 1-1: 1 mixed is even, and uses organic solvent diluting, and described extraction agent A is the quaternary ammonium type extraction agent, and described extraction agent B is an acidic phosphorus extractant;
Step 2, water are by O: A=5: 1-1: this mixing organic phase that compares of 5 is washed, up to the hydrionic amount of wash out more than or equal to adding the quaternary ammonium salt amount 1/2, washing times is more than or equal to 6 times;
Step 3, this mixing organic phase after the washing of learning from else's experience and rare earth feed liquid extract by volume for the ratio thorough mixing of 0.1-10;
Step 4, after the extraction, water or diluted acid are by O: A=5: 1-1: 5 the load organic phases that compares is stripped.
Further, the quaternary ammonium type extraction agent described in the step 1 is N263 (adogen), but is not limited only to N263, can be in the quaternary ammonium type extraction agent one or more;
Described acidic phosphorus extractant is P507 (di-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) or P204[2-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid], but be not limited only to P507 or P204, can be one or more mixing in the acidic phosphorus extractant;
The mol ratio of described extraction agent A and extraction agent B is 0.25: 1-0.5: 1
Described organic solvent is one or more mixing wherein such as kerosene, industrial kerosene, sulfonated kerosene, solvent oil, secondary octanol, and extractant concentration is 0.5-1.5mol/L after diluting.
Further, in the step 2, water with mix organic phase be in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 3.
Further, the rare earth feed liquid of indication is that rare-earth mineral obtains through leachings such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid in the step 3, or rare earth oxide obtains through hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or acetate dissolution, or the salt of rare earth chloride, rare earth nitrate, sulfuric acid rare earth or acetic acid rare earth obtains through water dissolution, the concentration of the rare earth feed liquid that is obtained is 0.5-2.0mol/L, and the volume ratio of mixing organic phase and rare earth feed liquid is 1-5.
Further, in the step 4, water or diluted acid and load organic phases be in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 3.The diluted acid that back extraction is used is one or more in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid or the oxalic acid, and its concentration is less than or equal to 3mol/L.
A kind of mixed extractant of extracting and separating rear earth element, comprise extraction agent A and extraction agent B, extraction agent A and extraction agent B in molar ratio 0.1: 1-1: 1 mixed is even, and uses organic solvent diluting, described extraction agent A is the quaternary ammonium type extraction agent, and described extraction agent B is an acidic phosphorus extractant.
The mechanism of the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element of the present invention is that arquad is mixed with acidic phosphorus extractant, hydrogen ion in arquad and the acidic phosphorus extractant is exchanged, after washing, chlorion and the hydrogen ion in the acidic phosphorus extractant in the quaternary ammonium salt are come out, use the extracting mixed extractant rare earth feed liquid after washing again, replaced step with saponifying agent saponification organic phases such as ammoniacal liquor or sodium hydroxide or bicarbonate of ammonia or yellow soda ash or salt of wormwood with quaternary ammonium salt.
Adopt method of the present invention, compared with prior art, have following advantage:
Promptly can be used for the extracting and separating rear earth element after adopting mixed extractant of the present invention by washing, cancelled saponification step to extraction agent, avoided ammonia nitrogen sewage, eliminated environmental pollution, reduced the consumption of alkali simultaneously, loading capacity is bigger, separation factor between rare earth element can reach the peer-level of pure P507 system extraction, and it is no matter light, heavy rare earths is back extraction easily all, water or diluted acid can be realized the back extraction process, have reduced sour consumption, greatly reduce the production cost of rare earth and have saved three wastes processing costs, and what this mixing organic phase obtained after washing is hydrochloric acid, can carry out comprehensive reutilization to it.
Embodiment
Below with specific embodiment the present invention is done to carry out a step explanation.
Embodiment 1
N263 and 0.1: 1 in molar ratio amount of P507 are mixed, dilute with kerosene, the concentration of this mixing organic phase is 1.0moL/L, washes O during washing: A=5: 1 with water 6 times, to wash the back organic phase mixes with lanthanum nitrate cerium feed liquid and extracts, the concentration of lanthanum nitrate cerium feed liquid is 1.5moL/L, and the volume ratio of extraction process organic phase and rare earth feed liquid is 1, and collection back water is with O: A=5: 1 compare back extraction, back extraction ratio is 96%, and the separation factor between the lanthanum cerium is 4.95.
Embodiment 2
N263 and 1: 1 in molar ratio amount of P507 are mixed, dilute with sulfonated kerosene, the concentration of this mixing organic phase is 1.5moL/L, washes O during washing: A=1: 5 with water 10 times, to wash the back organic phase mixes with thulium chloride ytterbium feed liquid and extracts, the concentration of thulium chloride ytterbium feed liquid is 1.0moL/L, and the volume ratio of extraction process organic phase and rare earth feed liquid is 0.1, collection back with the hydrochloric acid of 3mol/L with O: A=1: 1 compare back extraction, back extraction ratio is 98%, and the separation factor between the thulium ytterbium is 3.12.
Embodiment 3
N263 and 0.5: 1 in molar ratio amount of P204 are mixed, dilute with industrial kerosene, the concentration of this mixing organic phase is 0.5moL/L, washes O during washing: A=3: 1 with water 8 times, to wash the back organic phase mixes with praseodymium sulfate neodymium feed liquid and extracts, the concentration of praseodymium sulfate neodymium feed liquid is 0.8moL/L, and the volume ratio of extraction process organic phase and rare earth feed liquid is 10, collection back with the sulfuric acid acid of 3mol/L with O: A=1: 3 compare back extraction, back extraction ratio is 99%, and the separation factor between the praseodymium neodymium is 1.57.
Embodiment 4
N263 and 0.8: 1 in molar ratio amount of P204 are mixed, with secondary octanol dilution, the concentration of this mixed extractant is 2.0moL/L, washes O during washing: A=1: 3 with water 7 times, to wash back organic phase collection mixes with cerous acetate praseodymium feed liquid and extracts, the concentration of cerous acetate praseodymium feed liquid is 0.5moL/L, and the volume ratio of extraction process organic phase and rare earth feed liquid is 5, collection back with the acetic acid of 3mol/L with O: A=1: 5 compare back extraction, back extraction ratio is 98%, and the separation factor between the cerium praseodymium is 1.82.
Those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of hybrid extraction method of extracting and separating rear earth element comprises the steps:
Step 1, with extraction agent A and extraction agent B in molar ratio 0.1: 1-1: 1 mixed is even, and use organic solvent diluting, described extraction agent A is a quaternary ammonium type extraction agent adogen, described extraction agent B is acidic phosphorus extractant di-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester and/or 2-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, described organic solvent is one or more in kerosene, industrial kerosene, sulfonated kerosene, solvent oil or the secondary octanol, and extractant concentration is 0.5-1.5mol/L after diluting;
Step 2, water are by O: A=5: 1-1: this mixing organic phase that compares of 5 is washed, up to the hydrionic amount of wash out more than or equal to adding the quaternary ammonium salt amount 1/2, washing times is more than or equal to 6 times;
Step 3, this mixing organic phase after the washing of learning from else's experience and rare earth feed liquid extract by volume for the ratio thorough mixing of 0.1-10, and the concentration of described rare earth feed liquid is 0.5-2.0mol/L;
Step 4, after the extraction, water or diluted acid are by O: A=5: 1-1: 5 the load organic phases that compares is stripped, and the concentration of the diluted acid that back extraction is used is less than or equal to 3mol/L.
2, the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the mol ratio of extraction agent A and extraction agent B is 0.25: 1-0.5: 1.
3, the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in the step 2, water with mix organic phase be in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 3.
4, the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the rare earth feed liquid that is extracted in the step 3 is that rare-earth mineral obtains through hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid leaching, or rare earth oxide obtains through hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or acetate dissolution, or the salt of rare earth chloride, rare earth nitrate, sulfuric acid rare earth or acetic acid rare earth obtains through water dissolution.
5, the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in the step 3, the volume ratio of mixing organic phase and rare earth feed liquid is 1-5.
6, the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 4, water or diluted acid and load organic phases be in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 3.
7, the hybrid extraction method of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the diluted acid that back extraction is used is one or more in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid or the oxalic acid.
8, a kind of mixed extractant of extracting and separating rear earth element, comprise extraction agent A and extraction agent B, extraction agent A and extraction agent B in molar ratio 0.1: 1-1: 1 mixed is even, and use organic solvent diluting, described extraction agent A is a quaternary ammonium type extraction agent adogen, described extraction agent B is acidic phosphorus extractant di-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester and/or 2-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, described organic solvent is a kerosene, industrial kerosene, sulfonated kerosene, in solvent oil or the secondary octanol one or more, the extractant concentration behind organic solvent diluting are 0.5-1.5mol/L.
9, the mixed extractant of a kind of extracting and separating rear earth element as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the mol ratio of extraction agent A and extraction agent B is 0.25: 1-0.5: 1.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023244839A3 (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2024-02-29 | West Virginia University Board of Governors on behalf of West Virginia University | Methods and compositions to recover rare earth elements from organic solutions |
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| CN101876007B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-01-11 | 五矿（北京）稀土研究院有限公司 | Method for separating rare earth sulfate solution by saponifiable extraction |
| CN102041384A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-05-04 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Synergistic extraction separation method of rare-earth elements |
| CN102409172A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-04-11 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Method for separating tetravalent cerium or tetravalent cerium and fluorine |
| CN102618736B (en) | 2012-03-31 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Extraction separation method of rare-earth element |
| CN102766766B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-04-09 | 江西理工大学 | Non-saponification rare earth extraction separation process |
| CN104195336A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | Extraction separation method for heavy rare earth elements |
| CN104532021B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-08-17 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of without the saponifiable extraction separation method of LREE |
| CN106498187A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科技大学 | A kind of recovering rare earth metal cerium ion and the method for lanthanum ion |
| TWI646052B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2019-01-01 | 中國科技大學 | A method of recovery of rare earth lanthanum ions |
| CN105821211B (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-08-04 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of acid phosphorus extractant P204 rare-earth sodium saponification method |
| CN105907963B (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-08-04 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of rare-earth sodium saponification method of acid phosphine extractant |
| CN105925802B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-08-25 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of rare-earth sodium saponification technique of cycloalkanes acid extraction organic phase |
| CN107739852A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-27 | 中国北方稀土（集团）高科技股份有限公司 | The recovery method of rare earth acetate mother liquor middle rare earth |
| CN113387795B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2023-06-09 | 江苏南方永磁科技有限公司 | Method for extracting oxalic acid from rare earth waste liquid |
| CN114436328B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for preparing vanadyl sulfate electrolyte from sodium vanadate-containing solution |
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| WO2023244839A3 (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2024-02-29 | West Virginia University Board of Governors on behalf of West Virginia University | Methods and compositions to recover rare earth elements from organic solutions |
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Effective date of registration: 20180816 Address after: 341900 Ring Road East Road, Ganzhou County, Jiangxi Province Patentee after: Ding Nan Dahua new material resources Co., Ltd. Address before: 100085 11C, B block 28, information road, Haidian District, Beijing. Patentee before: Minmetals (Beijing) Rare Earth Research Institute Co Ltd |
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