CN100582383C - Construction method of setting site for pile base and structure in foundation pit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to building pit construction method. It is dug before foundation pit supporting to reduce side pressure and level total displacement. It changes the traditional construction steps. According to field situation, it is practiced overall arrangement to make each item project alternate construction to reduce pile and structure construction time. Meanwhile the method also can reduce building pit supporting horizontal displacement, total pump drain water quantity, and breakage and waste for nature and social resources.

Description

It in foundation ditch the job practices that pile foundation and structure are created the construction plant

Technical field

When the present invention relates to a kind of building engineering construction because of the construction site not enough and be in advance foundation pile, the creative method that solves the construction site of underlying structure construction.

Background technology

When constructing in the past, vehicle is few, can close a road to traffic or utilize around the auxiliary constructions such as road green belt, vacant lot, next door.And because the building scale of construction is little, and the engineering that has does not have basement, even basement is arranged, one deck or half storey only, construction period during construction, place pressure are little.

Now, urban traffic pressure is very big, and the road closure construction is more and more difficult easily.Available peripheral greenery patches, vacant lot are more and more littler, even utilize its relative area also very little.Owing to raising, make foundation ditch more and more darker, one, two layer at least of basement, three, four layers at most simultaneously to the building functional requirement.Material requested, plant, personnel roll up.Because dark base, originally the place of the stackable material in foundation ditch limit also can only dwindle use, should control the distance from the foundation ditch limit, controls windrow weight again, greatly reduces the construction plant effective utilization.If do not control the construction windrow well, the possibility that dark base destroys probably takes place, and causes immeasurable loss around giving, and this is not rarely seen in big cities such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou.

Foundation ditch is dark more, and construction, stop are used of a specified duration more dangerous more.Especially southern rainwater itself is just many.Foundation ditch is dark more, and underground infiltration also can be many more; The underground construction time is long more, and phreatic pump drainage amount is also just big more, and this destruction to natural resource is also big more.This is especially outstanding in reconstruction of the old city town.

The general sequence of foundation pit construction is now: pattern foundation pit supporting structure---pit earthwork---pile foundation---the substrate earthwork and structure bed die (bed course)---bottom structure layer---" flat stacking " construction.

Because foundation ditch is increasing, more and more darker, the supporting construction cycle is also more and more longer." flat stacking " construction can not provide the constructing operation face for foundation pile, underlying structure construction in advance; And the construction site is not enough during structure construction, gives underground or system construction is made troubles, delayed to affect in construction on the ground.Effective solution construction site problem is effectively interted, rationally rapid construction has seemed more and more important.

Summary of the invention

It is the job practices that pile foundation and structure are created the construction plant in foundation ditch that purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of, by solving the construction plant problem of building, thereby accelerate the speed of application of building, try to be the first and create construction plant, the construction of support of buildings self at interior of building.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of foundation ditch construction method for pile foundation establishment construction plant may further comprise the steps: (1) at first carries out the location, scene, provides the foundation ditch position line, and the position of definite foundation ditch soil outlet; (2) in the foundation ditch position line, select suitable position and carry out pit earthwork opportunity and rob and dig; (3) rob dig the district earthwork construction behind substrate requirement absolute altitude, distinguish outside earth excavation along this again, satisfy the pile foundation construction that the pile driving construction condition can be carried out this district according to designing requirement; (4) continue to distinguish outside earth excavation, produce the pile foundation construction that can carry out this position after the construction part rapidly, finish until the pile foundation construction of whole foundation ditch along this.

The present invention is low when water level, in the hole in the good situation of soil property, no matter whether pattern foundation pit supporting structure begins construction, the condition license is near the construction from launching the main distributed areas of foundation pile or the foundation ditch center to grab excavation earlier, digging on earth or through several step diggings on earth; Outwards dig all around along the digging zone then; When the area of digging zone and geological conditions satisfy corresponding pile foundation construction, just try to be the first and carry out pile foundation construction.

The foundation ditch construction method that creates the construction site for pile foundation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in the bad situation of water level height, soil property, carry out the construction that sealing encloses curtain to foundation ditch, delay the time of comprehensively determining to rob excavation construction according to the urgency of water-stop curtain construction speed and follow-up construction; Near the then construction from launching the main distributed areas of foundation pile or the foundation ditch center to grab excavation, digging are on earth or through several step diggings on earth; Outwards dig all around along the digging zone then; When the area of digging zone and geological conditions satisfy corresponding pile foundation construction, just try to be the first and carry out pile foundation construction.

The foundation ditch construction method that creates the construction site for pile foundation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, when the duration is very urgent, no matter enclosing the construction of curtain, sealing how how to reach mated condition, all local stepped precipitation method is adopted in the digging zone, guarantee that precipitation satisfies the safety and health water curve requirement of digging zone earthwork construction; The digging zone is constructed on earth, and the outer safety of back digs to create construction site support pile foundation construction.

The present invention after the appointed area construction that waits sealing to enclose curtain is finished, makes the digging zone emphasis enclose the area extension that curtain is finished to sealing when the duration is anxious, makes rapidly the digging zone become the place that can construct in advance for foundation pile.

Duration of the present invention is when not too anxious, waits sealing to enclose after the curtain construction finishes, and carries out digging zone earthwork construction on earth again, makes rapidly the digging zone become the place that can construct in advance for foundation pile.

The present invention is when carrying out big foundation pit construction, and robbing and dig the district can be two or more.

Of the present invention is the foundation ditch construction method that follow-up structure construction is created the construction plant, it is characterized in that, A: for not having stake down in the construction plant that structure is created---may further comprise the steps: (1) at first carries out the location, scene, provides the foundation ditch position line, and the position of definite foundation ditch soil outlet; (2) in the foundation ditch position line, select suitable position and opportunity to carry out for creating the structure construction place that specific aim is robbed earth excavation, behind the substrate absolute altitude of constructing, to around expand and dig; (3) when bed course can be then carried out in this zone, design has waterproof then to carry out constructions such as waterproofing course, substrate reinforcing bar binding, satisfy related request and then carry out the construction of structure concrete layer.

B: for stake is arranged under the Structure Creating construction site: then the construction method according to pile foundation establishment construction site operates.When the digging zone is that the stake of Structure Creating construction site is constructed, can then carry out earthwork, bed course, be designed with waterproof and then carry out watertight composition, substrate reinforcement construction, satisfy related request and then carry out the Concrete In Structures layer and construct.

If bottom is improper in overall situation construction, then upwards carry out the predetermined structure sheaf of rush construction, to create the construction site with all strength.

The present invention does not have stake, few water under the construction site, water level is dark, soil property good, stablized condition, directly digging, head direct for theme, create the construction site of structure.

Of the present invention is the construction method of Structure Creating construction site, it is characterized in that, in the bad situation of water level height, soil property, carry out the construction that sealing encloses curtain to foundation ditch, delay the time of comprehensively determining to rob excavation construction according to the urgency of water-stop curtain construction speed and follow-up construction; Then near the construction for launching the zone of Structure Creating construction site or the foundation ditch center to grab excavation, digging on earth or through several step diggings on earth; Outwards dig all around along the digging zone then; When the area of digging zone and geological conditions satisfy corresponding execution conditions, just try to be the first and create the structure construction field construction.

When construction area in the bad situation of water level height, soil property, around foundation ditch, carry out the water-stop curtain construction; Before carrying out the digging zone earthwork construction, according to groundwater condition, carry out local dewatering in this periphery, digging zone, when underground water enriches, adopt the staged precipitation method.

The present invention is when the duration is very urgent, and no matter how how the sealing construction of enclosing curtain reach mated condition, all local stepped precipitation method adopted in the digging zone, guarantees that precipitation satisfies the safety and health water curve requirement of digging zone earthwork construction; The digging zone is constructed on earth, and the outer safety of back digs support establishment construction site construction.

The present invention after the appointed area construction that waits sealing to enclose curtain is finished, makes to rob and digs district's emphasis and enclose the area extension that curtain is finished to sealing when the duration is anxious, makes rapidly to rob Wa Qu and become structure and create the construction plant.

Duration of the present invention is when not too anxious, waits sealing to enclose after the curtain construction finishes, and carries out digging zone earthwork construction on earth again, and creates the structure construction place.

The present invention is when carrying out big foundation pit construction, and robbing and dig the structure construction place of creating in the district can be two or more.

The present invention compared with prior art, thisly break the normal procedure, rationally fast, many integration, the method for space-time crossed construction has greatly shifted to an earlier date stake and structure construction time, makes in the foundation ditch and architecture construction is convenient, the duration shortening is many.Because foundation ditch not supporting is well just implemented digging, effectively extenuated the inside side in foundation ditch limit and squeezed power, make and finish under the equal supporting condition of foundation ditch that horizontal total displacement meeting reduces in the back, make it to around negative effect reduce.This method makes the duration shorter, can reduce total pump drainage water yield in pattern foundation pit supporting structure horizontal displacement and the hole, reduces destruction and waste to nature, social resources; Rainy season construction can accelerate to reduce the negative effect of rainwater, supports foundation pit support construction by " establishment construction site " passage.Outer and the pattern foundation pit supporting structure to foundation ditch, the time is short more safe more, and risk is more little.If near the bed course the manhole stake carries out regular construction, this is beneficial to the manhole pile driving construction, be convenient to a cubic metre of earth car, concrete car and other vehicle and come in and go out, accelerate the construction of stake; Be used as the base plate bed course after can repairing processing after the good stake of construction simultaneously, both reduced the wasting of resources, quickened the construction of sole plate deck again.If be preformed pile and dash, drilled pile, will consideration equipment march into the arena, condition of construction, rob earth excavation and dig how deeply, whether to reserve in advance on earth.Because this two classes pile driving construction equipment is all more heavier, and the constructing operation face is had relatively high expectations.If soil is softer under the operation layer, can remove the building clout with the foundation ditch surface nearby or the soil that makes a good job of changes and fills out.This cushion not only saved money, but also save time.

The specific embodiment

Below the present invention is further detailed explanation.

1, (perhaps also not construction) tried to be the first in foundation ditch and excavated before pattern foundation pit supporting structure is not finished into.Then look the situation of engineering own if any pervious bed and determine in advance or delay digging.

2, the design according to stake determines that selecting stake in the digging zone is to construct or construct after digging before digging.Dig to being scheduled to rob and dig the district at the end, the pile foundation construction problem of local area is handled on the limit, lateral dominance digs with robbing that the district supports that other regional pattern foundation pit supporting structure earthwork in the foundation ditch is excavated, pile foundation construction, cushion cap, the building by laying bricks or stones and construction such as base plate bed course of beam form, finish the tower crane construction rapidly in order to support the construction in the foundation ditch.Finish the work such as basic die-cushion layer when a certain zone of digging zone and when not needing the digging zone porte-cochere to support, carried out the base arrangement floor construction in this district according to existing operation requirements.Use as structure " establishment construction site " by the selected suitable part in digging zone.If consider that from the overall situation this layer is not suitable for, but rush construction more last layer or which floor use as " establishment construction site ", fundamentally solve not enough this bottleneck problem of construction site.

Here so-called " establishment construction site " refers to that pattern foundation pit supporting structure is not finished the constructing operation face that Cheng Qianwei shifts to an earlier date foundation pile, substrate construction digging in foundation ditch.Be facility, equipment, material, processing, stacking even personnel's life, office space afterwards for constructions such as building structure provide.Be all and create the construction site, for pile driving construction, the time is more early, more big, the Vietnamese side of area is just for more good, more valuable; For structure construction, the time more early, area is enough, convenience is then passable.

The present invention is described in further detail with " a returning " word below the constructions such as pattern foundation pit supporting structure.

At first " returning " word is described.Now building might be a main building, also may be that several high buildings surround and form.All form in any case by high building and annex (do not have annex individually, divide) but there is basement to extend the high building bottom.We are assumed to be the foundation ditch limit " to go back to " outer " mouth " limit of word, and " mouth " in the middle of " returning " word is assumed to be our " establishment construction plant " zone.Because the construction land shape is varied, but not the high building layer is limited by the layout of construction land shape and high building, so " establishment construction plant " may not be square, also may not be in the middle part.Because the complexity of big scale of construction construction, " establishment construction site " may not also may not once set (can be according to construction progress, one or many is transferred and established) only with non-high building zone, but principle take full advantage of exactly the interior space of foundation ditch construct save oneself, self-service.

Secondly " establishment construction plant " carried out feasibility, novelty and necessity carries out brief analysis:

(1) feasibility

1, implements prerequisite: guarantee outside foundation pit stope support construction and the foundation ditch limit safety such as facility.This will rooting according to combined factors balances such as soil layer situation, groundwater table height, permeable layer, water percolating capacity size in foundation ditch external environment factor, the foundation ditch.And these main means of balance to be exactly the foundation ditch limit dig the limit of digging in the district downwards and put the gradient from robbing the horizontal range of digging the district and robbing.If soil property is good, foundation ditch is shallow, level of ground water is dark, do not have what infiltration water layer and infiltration, foundation ditch does not have great unfavorable factor outward, and then this horizontal range does not need muchly, and the digging zone is put the slope and can be put suddenly in the foundation ditch, otherwise then anti-.

So it is dark and little to work as foundation ditch, but the too little then the method for the operations area that the digging zone can form does not have operation value.The more shallow internal and external condition of foundation ditch is quite a lot of, but under the operating space area of supposition, institute's floor space can be relatively littler in the foundation ditch.That is to say that foundation ditch is more dark, the hole internal and external condition is more poor, but under the operating space area of supposition, required foundation ditch inner area is more big.So want the exercisable possibility of analysis-by-synthesis, feasibility and comprehensive value before using " establishment construction plant " job practices.Available then usefulness can not be by force.

2, the safety factor of Shi Shiing.

A, guarantee the safety such as foundation pit stope support construction and the outer facility of foundation ditch.

Whether secure whether these safety factors guarantee it is progress the basic factor of the whole engineering of decision, and " establishment construction plant " positive and important factor of quickening construction just by comparison.Thereby we can not be regardless of weight, attend to the superficial and neglect the essentials.

Unstable unsafe factors such as b, underground water, stream mud, quicksand.

If there are not above these unsafe factors, the job practices of implementing " establishment construction plant " has great advantage.Just implementing before the construction that can try to be the first under the preceding dike of condition permission at pattern foundation pit supporting structure or during construction, effect can be good.

And above these unsafe factors have been arranged, we will according to the specific factor of this project, condition, requirement to various unfavorable factors carry out accurately, careful analysis.Find out the method, means, opportunity of reply etc., feasibility result and the cost of estimation different disposal.Comprehensively contrast then, final affirmation.

Such as these unfavorable factors exist, and we do not adopt should just digging hastily of countermeasure mutually.If the level of ground water height can promote to flow mud, quicksand and slide, to want to dig deeply also unrealistic, this does not also have meeting, and what kind of negative consequence outer and foundation pit construction can bring to foundation ditch.

So problem is arranged then need deal with problems.And these the very corns of a subject are phreatic problems.

And the means that address these problems are existing positive: as outside robbing the predeterminable area that digs the district at first, tackle, precipitation handles, and handles well to fall earlier behind the water and robs the water that digs in the district at first, excavate then.There also have to be passive: carry out such as waiting foundation ditch sealing to enclose curtain, foundation pit support construction is robbed Wa Qu more at first during to the soil layer of getting well and is robbed the rush construction work of digging.Actively might as well, passive might as well, it is terrible all should to realize according to the actual conditions control of this project under the prerequisite of good its key benefits balance.

3, construction equipment, equipment, earthwork construction motor vehicles and machines and related personnel's safe, convenient and cost problem in the foundation ditch.

The construction process of traditional foundation ditch and the earthwork has been broken in the expansion that follow-up pile foundation and structural portion are graded and constructed owing to be eager, the construction method of " establishment construction site ".Make ripe simple process flow become complicated and changeable, thereby relevant facility, machinery, equipment, vehicle and personnel's Security Control Problem, highlight important.So the enforcement of the method must be worked out tight, reliable safe construction scheme according to the concrete condition of each building-site, guarantees effective, the security implementation of the method.Guarantee the safety of the inside and outside personnel of foundation ditch, equipment, property etc., under the front dike that guarantees safety, can work out balance of " establishment construction site " zone construction of pattern foundation pit supporting structure, pit earthwork and digging, rationally, simply, arrangement and method for construction fast.Because digging by force, the precipitation totle drilling cost can increase to some extent, can be from transfer part, pattern foundation pit supporting structure side to robbing excavation.Dig muck haulage because than the past complexity, the engineering time, soil falls, drainage time is lacked etc. can cause total cost suitably some more in advance

4, note the rainy day construction safety.Strengthen to cut, the construction of draining yarn system, guarantee to pass in and out the passage of foundation ditch and digging zone.

5, use the total powerstation unwrapping wire, test line.Can be accurately, disperse stake in digging zone and the non-digging zone etc. is effectively controlled, the measurement that this construction method is just had can implement guarantees.

(2) novelty

1, on the time

Select the enforcement time according to situation inside and outside the foundation ditch.The condition license time was implemented before foundation pit support construction when situation was good, changed, improved unfavorable factor when in bad order and strive that enclosing curtain at sealing comes into effect before and after finishing.This generally is in order to cooperate the construction of pattern foundation pit supporting structure than beginning earth excavation at present, earth excavation slowly when supporting is in layer down carried out, when the supporting of pattern foundation pit supporting structure part to the hole during end foundation pit earth of that part of position just dig and put in place, shrink back afterwards to dig and just can dig out part hole bottom application worker operating surface and come.And at this moment we do not know how long constructed robbing to dig in the district! Even foundation ditch is very dark, rob directly that to dig risk big or be difficult to control, also can after down construct certain depth, pattern foundation pit supporting structure rob when safety is secure and dig.This also can actively shift to an earlier date the operating time for the construction in " establishment construction plant " zone.

2, on pattern foundation pit supporting structure supports

Outside foundation ditches such as soil nailing, anchor cable, draw equilibrant force also imperfect tense, guarantee that it is to rely on soil body support in the hole that foundation ditch is not destroyed.In the foundation ditch at the bottom of good, the water level of soil, infiltration few under the front dike of guaranteeing foundation ditch limit safety with the foundation ditch of homalographic; but the Qi Keng limit can suitably reduce far from the horizontal range of digging zone; the digging zone valid function area that the digging zone side slope can form suddenly a bit is then big, otherwise then can be littler.Rob and dig the district, be beneficial to supporting construction in advance in supporting precipitation.Supporting construction also will have emphasis, and the construction of digging district and " establishment construction plant " is robbed in strong backing.

Because foundation ditch not supporting is well just implemented digging, effectively extenuate the inside side in foundation ditch limit and squeezed power, make and finish under the equal supporting condition of foundation ditch that horizontal total displacement meeting reduces in the back.Make it negative effect is all around reduced.

3, on the foundation pit support construction

Because the digging zone of " mouth " arrives the end, hole prior to pattern foundation pit supporting structure in " returning " word, after the muck haulage passage that both can outside " returning " word, review one's lessons by oneself in " mouth " in the earthwork construction that carries out simultaneously with foundation pit support construction dig and transport soil, reduce soil body position, cooperate lower floor's supporting construction, also can be by interior " mouth " in " returning " word outward " mouth " shoveling, can dig the end, hole, the soil that is dug can be transported away by interior " mouth " outside passage.Beyond " mouth " be constant, and that interior " mouth " more becomes is more big.

4, on foundation pile construction

If this district can directly rob to dig and put in place for the direct foundation, carry out constructions such as bed course, unwrapping wire, reinforcing bar and concrete.

If be the manhole stake, also can be directly to the position, surely whether do bed course, the excavation of putting afterwards a bit line, testing line, carry out the manhole stake depending on hole base soil situation.Near the manhole stake bed course carries out regular construction, and this is beneficial to the manhole pile driving construction, is convenient to a cubic metre of earth car, concrete car and other vehicle and comes in and goes out, and accelerates the construction of stake; Be used as the base plate bed course after can repairing processing after the good stake of construction simultaneously, both reduced the wasting of resources, quickened the construction of sole plate deck again.

If be preformed pile and dash, drilled pile, will consideration equipment march into the arena, condition of construction, rob earth excavation and dig how deeply, whether to reserve in advance on earth.Because this two classes pile driving construction equipment is all more heavier, and the constructing operation face is had relatively high expectations.If soil is softer under the operation layer, can remove the building clout with the foundation ditch surface nearby or the soil that makes a good job of changes and fills out.This cushion not only saved money, but also save time.Piling, rush drilled pile and all need vehicle to enter the digging zone, the surface layer concrete bed course of generally will constructing guarantees normal construction afterwards.The foundation ditch face satisfies after the pile driving construction condition immediately unwrapping wire, tests line, carries out pile foundation construction.

In a word: digging zone construction to strictly, conscientiously handle well anti-, fall, draining and safety problem., guarantee pattern foundation pit supporting structure and rob to dig district's construction safety if water is many, but the big staged layering of water is blocked, fall, draining (especially as terrace type).The concrete bed course of constructing adds accelerator or improves the cushion layer concrete label in available high-early (strength) cement, the cement, treat that the concrete bed course early satisfies by force pile construction intensity needs after, the pile foundation construction of digging zone ahead of time.At the unwrapping wire total powerstation, broken through traditional form of construction work, provide technique guarantee for robbing excavation construction.

In time: make different work posts, operation carry out while or crossed construction in advance, broken " flat stacking " of traditional engineering time.Even on the same day, the pile foundation etc. of constructing daytime is dug haul volume (urban district, Shenzhen daytime generally mustn't muck haulage) evening, has greatly shortened foundation ditch, following construction total time of structure base plate bed course.

Spatially: plane (supporting of foundation ditch limit) surrounds, and center (robbing Wa Qu) blooms; Vertically being constructions such as top pattern foundation pit supporting structure, the earthwork, is to dig, bore, suppress pile driving construction below.If mix crane " in the air " shielding again, really be " three-dimensional warfare ".

Three, necessity

1, considers to shorten that the engineering time is valuable in the foundation ditch from fund, interest, profit.

2, the outer and pattern foundation pit supporting structure to foundation ditch, the time is short more safe more, and risk is more little.

3, this many integration, the equal crossed construction of space-time can reduce the pattern foundation pit supporting structure horizontal movement, total pump drainage water yield in the hole.Minimizing is to the destruction and the waste of nature, social resources.

4, rainy season construction can accelerate to reduce the negative effect of rainwater, supports foundation pit support construction by " establishment construction site " passage.

The present invention in the specific implementation

Main points: at first will work out the construction safety scheme of " establishment construction plant ", satisfy the constructure scheme establishment of carrying out " establishment construction plant " under the requirement of this safety approach, the condition.By relevant unit, implement just now after personnel's the approval.Scheme must have extremely strong specific aim, foresight, science and operability, can not do form.

Difficult point precipitation: if no permeable layer, water level are low in the foundation ditch, this not how many thoughts of expense just can handle well.If have permeable layer, foundation ditch dark and the water level height then must conscientiously take seriously, not so consequence can be very serious.Sealing encloses curtain constructs, and precipitation does not have much difficulty yet, because the outer infiltration in hole is blocked basically, the underground water bit comparison reduces easily, and is comparatively safe when grabbing excavation.Sometimes the duration anxious, soil property is again bad in the hole, sealing encloses curtain not to be repaiied or construct, eager to carry out the digging zone and what if construct?

This can only first precipitation, rear excavation on earth.Want that precipitation then must carry out tightly, the falling of science, drainaging scheme design.At first must determine to rob at first the zone of digging substrate location,, stretch out, set the curves of water level that needs precipitation, carry out precipitation again and layout according to this ' locked ' zone.But the precipitation method one-time-reach-place also can be folded to fall repeatedly and be put in place, but well point group's point dewatering, but also the precipitation such as well point, hole point, irrigation canals and ditches make up and carry out the precipitation operation after determining precipitation scheme.

Though precipitation is not just robbed and is dug on earth and can cave in, dangerous, but we are guaranteeing under Construction traffic channel security, convenience and the unimpeded prerequisite, when utilizing native precipitation such as ditching canal, as far as possible rob dig before many earth excavations (dark as far as possible under the prerequisite in safety), earthwork construction amount and time after the minimizing water treatment is good.

Dropdown curve is certain, and precipitation horizontal segment distance also can roughly be decided.To outwards dig after the digging zone puts in place at first, outwards move so dropdown curve will outwards dig thereupon because of the earthwork, guarantee earthwork construction safety.

The digging zone is looked construction institute to take up an area size fixed at first, can be a place, also possible two places even many places.First purpose that must clear " establishment construction plant " is to rob for constructions such as foundation piles to dig operating surface, thus rob at first dig the district must be in the main battle ground of pile foundation construction, near the high building.If high building is just on the foundation ditch limit, that can not be too far away from high building, and two will quicken the construction of this foundation ditch limit supporting.Second purpose is supported pit earthwork and supporting construction exactly, then needs balance to determine.

Dropdown curve, scheme according to the construction emergency, block, cut, fall, the different situations separately of draining have multiple choices.Block, intercept water and generally enclose curtain, do not repair, be eager again to rob and dig, can beat and fall well water gang of wells, the precipitation point dewatering of also can digging pit, but also ditching canal (vertical dropdown curve) precipitation is digged pit a little and irrigation canals and ditches are reasonable if enclose curtain by sealing.Because it is bigger that take up an area in the hole, the method is little to other impact, and has also excavated many cubic metres of earth when processing water problems; If foundation ditch is too dark, irrigation canals and ditches that enclose shape can't achieve the goal fully, can increase irrigation canals and ditches more and enclose.Still use below one " returning " to describe.

In construction area, digging zone at first, especially as interior " mouth " of " returning " word, this " mouth " also may begin to be exactly one and cheat and put or one section irrigation canals and ditches.Around this " mouth ", external demand is established one or more irrigation canals and ditches like " mouth " word shape, guarantees at first precipitation and the constructing operation safety of digging zone." mouth " one digs on earth in this, and outer " mouth " irrigation canals and ditches of the most close interior " mouth " are inferior low, in that they " mouth " irrigation canals and ditches are inferior high outward, analogizes in proper order.When interior " mouth " when outwards enlarging, will be eaten up by interior " mouth " one by one near the irrigation canals and ditches of interior " mouth ", so will increasing outward one by one, " mouth " outside interior " mouth " move, guarantee the satisfied safety and health water curve requirement of constructing of precipitation.

We resist " water enemy " on four sides, when difficult ground expanded by force outward, perhaps our " relief troops "---sealing enclosed progressively (or already) arrival of curtain, makes us drive " enemy " on four sides and can be changed into emphasis imperial " enemy ".Reduce, reduced us and driven target and the scope of " enemy ".This moment, our digging zone answered emphasis to develop rapidly to the zone of " water enemy " weak, made rapidly the digging zone become " the establishment construction site " that can supply foundation pile to construct in advance.

Sealing is enclosed curtain uncompleted zone also, but both passive defenses---keep dropdown curve constant, do not expand outwardly, wait for that sealing encloses curtain and finishes figure again and carry out on a large scale counterattacking; Also can actively drive " enemy "---dropdown curve is outwards mobile, and interior " mouth " waves upon waves expand outwardly.Also to consider to rout thrusting " the water enemy ' cost and skill.If thoroughly, infiltration is more shallow, also can make good use of soil change fill out, water blockoff plays interim sealing and encloses curtain.So different places, different ooze, pervious bed etc. can become because of situation, and the cost with littler realizes our purpose.

Anxious point: porte-cochere.The means of subsistence---have the road then to live, no road is then dead.Do not have passage or passage not smooth, only see worried.Cubic metre of earth too in fact, too heavy, also too many, only have the out and out fortune of digging, basic do not have this leeway of resorting to trickery to serve oneself.Dig outside the district robbing at first " return that " word cuts, the precipitation irrigation canals and ditches must have passage to enter, and not so irrigation canals and ditches also can't be constructed on request.Pass the passage of irrigation canals and ditches, otherwise below fall, filter, draining, or to following ooze, pervious layer make good use of soil layer change fill out, shutoff.Be strictly on guard against that seepage is permeated and go down to influence that system cuts, precipitation below passage, give to rob and dig district's construction and bring negative effect.

Dig the muck haulage passage and can accomplish " well " word, also can accomplish ' rich " word, also its a plurality of arbitrary combination of two.The stroke of these words represents passage, and middle space then represents to dig the earthwork of fortune.If foundation ditch can not once dig fortune more deeply, be reluctant that again secondary cuts the earth, then passage should climb not on same plane under introversion outward.

The digging zone has been snatched away part, can supply pile foundation construction.If the manhole stake, then as early as possible digging manhole stake reduces institute " establishment construction site " water level, makes face soil dry and comfortable, waters the concrete bed course by passage at the bottom of the hole of former setting as early as possible, makes hole end passage as early as possible, come into operation as early as possible, supports in the hole cubic metre of earth and the construction of supporting.So dig, rush to repair to enter and rob even many passages that dig the district robbing at first also will to rob when digging district's construction.

No matter the muck haulage passage aloft, or at the end, hole, not only to carry out fall, drainage works, also good waterproof and water drainage system to be arranged.Prevent or reduce the adverse effect of rainwater.If preformed pile or towards drilled pile then can be established gutter and precipitation well point, guarantee an internal channel safety and a use.

Emphasis is a soil excavation

Now general pit earthwork construction method is: begin to support pattern foundation pit supporting structure, supporting to transport the earthwork toward next digging earlier.And so forth, directly screen supporting construction desperately to grab excavation afterwards on earth, because earth excavation is too concentrated, affects conversely the pattern foundation pit supporting structure ending and delay the foundation ditch completion.

Earthwork construction method of the present invention is:

In the good situation of soil property, no matter whether pattern foundation pit supporting structure begins construction in, the hole low when water level, near the earlier construction from launching foundation pile is assaulted the main target orientation or center, hole at first to grab excavation, and once arriving requires position, the end (the several step construction of presumable needs operate).Dig along robbing at first to dig to distinguish outwards to expand all around then.To crab near the safe edge time in the foundation ditch when digging, not affect foundation ditch safety, supporting and required muck haulage passage.The constructor is good at organizing and directing if foundation pile is manhole stake (not too dark), and perhaps pile driving construction is over, and pattern foundation pit supporting structure is also not intact! Because the manhole stake can be constructed on the muck haulage passage of foundation ditch ending in advance.

In the bad situation of water level height, soil property, after not affecting, can plannedly dig earlier, dig more even deep-cut (safe, feasible) table soil in the situation such as construction passage.If rob excavation construction by force on earth the time, construction and cooperation that sealing encloses curtain are extremely important.The front from precipitation, repair the many-side such as passage and inquire into, now just no longer deeply launched at this point.But safety is fallen, draining, digging machine, cubic metre of earth car must strictly be controlled safety when at first digging zone construction, can not be anxious.Confirm that water level has dropped to security bit very and just robbed and dig on earth.If this district needs secondary dig fortune, then secondary digs fortune, makes cubic metre of earth vehicle as far as possible can be from the end, hole (and not wanting car, the vertical line of machine) far away.Reduce digging machine and muck haulage car because of the possibility of earthwork slump generation accident.

Around outside the digging zone can be supported cubic metre of earth and during supporting construction, the digging machine machine-team of wasting in digging zone at first can be made up a deficiency.Whether dig muck haulage this moment has in the above had once to dig and puts in place or stay a part by the hole selection that solves of end passage.If construction safety, convenience, saving, rapidly, how to select can.

Survey crew water Huaihe River instrument is controlled absolute altitude well when noting cutting the earth to the bottom, and some more workmans actively cooperate digging machine, clear, the flat good earthwork, make it one-time-reach-place.

Equalization point: owing to be " establishment construction site ", the earthwork, foundation pile, bottom structure are partly constructed, and normal order is broken, and cost sharing originally will change to some extent.Before finishing as not constructing at pit earthwork, precipitation is solved by foundation pit support construction side in the hole, existing may the solution by the earthwork or the foundation pile construction earthwork.Just there is new and old cost equilibrium problem in this.

Pattern foundation pit supporting structure will be constructed, and the earthwork is eager again to want digging " establishment construction site ", and this has produced again the two and has cooperated variation, and this also needs balance.

In the hole bad, the water of soil property not only many but also sealing of being eager to enclose curtain front or finish front construction.This is invisible increased fall, problem such as draining cost, construction safety, this also needs balance.

It is diversified needing the factor of balance, but its principal element is safety, quality, investment (cost), progress (duration).In safety, the guaranteed situation of quality, more be to consider cost and the balance of duration.And foundation pit construction cost ratio is less, influences bigger.Balance is carried out in possible main selection at this point below:

1. in the situation that the interior soil property in, hole low when water level is good, no matter whether pattern foundation pit supporting structure begins construction and condition of construction, assault the main target at first from foundation pile earlier and launch the construction that grabs excavation near orientation or the center, hole, once just on earth position (the several step construction operations of presumable needs).Then along digging zone at first (according to situation in the hole may be more than a digging zone at first) dig around outwards.When robbing " establishment construction plant " area of digging, just trying to be the first when condition satisfies corresponding pile foundation construction and carry out pile foundation construction.

2. in the bad situation of water level height, soil property, if when robbing excavation construction by force, see that sealing encloses that the urgency of the construction of curtain and mated condition and follow-up construction is slow comprehensively to be determined.Other and last " 1 " the same hereinafter.

2.1. the duration " spy " is anxious: do not see that sealing encloses the construction and the mated condition of curtain.In the at first digging zone of determining, such as interior " mouth " of " returning " word, this " mouth " also may begin is exactly a hole point or one section irrigation canals and ditches.Around this " mouth ", external demand is established one or more irrigation canals and ditches like " mouth " word shape, guarantees at first precipitation and the constructing operation safety of digging zone." mouth " one digs on earth in this, the most close in outer " mouth " irrigation canals and ditches of " mouth " inferior low, in that they " mouth " irrigation canals and ditches are inferior high outward, by that analogy.When interior " mouth " when outwards enlarging, will be eaten up by interior " mouth " one by one near the irrigation canals and ditches of interior " mouth ", so " mouth " outside interior " mouth " will one by one to adding " mouth ", guarantee the satisfied dropdown curve requirement of constructing of precipitation.So outwards strong expansion, digging " establishment construction site " is in order to support pile foundation construction by force.Look forward to that simultaneously sealing encloses the construction and the cooperation of curtain.

2.2. the duration " in " anxious: see that sealing encloses construction and the mated condition of curtain.Enclose the construction of act appointed area and finish Deng sealing, still can be with reference to " 2.1 " beginning construction method in the at first digging zone of determining, our digging zone answers emphasis to enclose an act zone to sealing to develop rapidly afterwards, makes rapidly the digging zone become " the establishment construction site " that can construct in advance for foundation pile.But no sealing encloses both passive defenses of act zone---keep dropdown curve constant, do not expand outwardly, wait for that sealing encloses curtain and finishes figure again and carry out on a large scale counteroffensive; Also can actively drive " enemy "---dropdown curve is outwards mobile, and interior " mouth " waves upon waves expand outwardly, thrust.If saturating, infiltration is more shallow, also can make good use of soil change fill out, water blockoff.

2.3. the duration " general " is anxious: wait sealing to enclose the curtain construction and finish, can be with reference to " 2.1 " beginning construction method in the at first digging zone of determining, underground water reduces in a large number afterwards, and the digging zone rapidly makes digging zone become " the establishment construction site " that can supply foundation pile in advance construct to digging rapidly all around.

2.4. the duration " no " is anxious: can be by traditional construction method slowly " flicker ", not in this discussion scope.

3. situation can be with reference to the two between " 1 " and " 2 " in the hole, and the incorporation engineering actual conditions are processed.

The degree of duration " urgency ", pass judgment on that it terriblely gives affirmation by relevant unit's overall balance.

Even " establishment construction site " itself also needs balance.The former be the operating surface problem of constructing in advance in order to solve foundation pile this, is the construction site problem that will solve the part such as structure afterwards.For part " establishment construction site " problems such as solution structures, can before earth excavation, pattern foundation pit supporting structure, foundation pile construction, just determine.One goes into operation, and can head direct for theme, can resolve earlier the pile driving construction of structure " establishment construction site ", for the upper structure sheaf construction of this part stake, can make a core concrete be higher than design, just meets design requirement early than 28 days.Subregion is checked and accepted, and is beneficial to that structure is hidden in advance.If need more upper strata, then realization is given in construction as early as possible.At pile foundation, pattern foundation pit supporting structure perhaps also imperfect tense, but construction materials such as the reinforcing bar of structure construction, template, support, equipment admission.If it is better not have pile foundation, the construction plant of directly rob and dig, head direct for theme, creating structure.Water level height, soil property quality etc. can operate with reference to the construction method of " the establishment construction site " that solve foundation pile.

Claims (10)

1. a job practices of creating the construction plant in foundation ditch for pile foundation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: (1) at first carries out the location, scene, provides the foundation ditch position line, and the position of definite foundation ditch soil outlet; (2) in the foundation ditch position line, select suitable position and carry out pit earthwork opportunity and rob and dig; (3) rob and dig district's earthwork construction and behind substrate requirement absolute altitude, distinguish outside earth excavation along this again, satisfy the pile foundation construction that carries out this district after the pile driving construction condition according to designing requirement; (4) continue to distinguish outside earth excavation, produce the pile foundation construction that carries out this position after the construction part rapidly, finish until the pile foundation construction of whole foundation ditch along this.

2. the construction method that in foundation ditch, creates the construction site for pile foundation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in, the hole low when water level in the good situation of soil property, no matter whether pattern foundation pit supporting structure begins construction, near the earlier construction from launching the main distributed areas of foundation pile or the foundation ditch center to grab excavation, digging are on earth or through several step diggings on earth; Outwards dig all around along the digging zone then; When the area of digging zone and geological conditions satisfy corresponding pile foundation construction, just try to be the first and carry out pile foundation construction.

3. the construction method that in foundation ditch, creates the construction site for pile foundation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the bad situation of water level height, soil property, to carry out the construction that sealing encloses curtain to foundation ditch, delay the time of comprehensively determining to rob excavation construction according to the urgency of water-stop curtain construction speed and follow-up construction; Near the then construction from launching the main distributed areas of foundation pile or the foundation ditch center to grab excavation, digging are on earth or through several step diggings on earth; Outwards dig all around along the digging zone then; When the area of digging zone and geological conditions satisfy corresponding pile foundation construction, just try to be the first and carry out pile foundation construction.

4. the construction method that in foundation ditch, creates the construction site for pile foundation as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, when the duration is very urgent, no matter enclosing the construction of curtain, sealing how how to reach mated condition, all local stepped precipitation method is adopted in the digging zone, guarantee that precipitation satisfies the safety and health water curve requirement of digging zone earthwork construction; The digging zone is constructed on earth, and the outer safety of back digs to create construction site support pile foundation construction.

5. the job practices of in foundation ditch, creating the construction plant as claimed in claim 3 for pile foundation, it is characterized in that, when the duration is anxious, after the appointed area construction of enclosing curtain Deng sealing is finished, make to rob and dig district's emphasis and enclose the area extension finished of curtain, make rapidly and rob Wa Qu and become the place that to construct in advance for foundation pile to sealing.

6. as claimed in claim 3 is the construction method that creates the construction site in foundation ditch for pile foundation, it is characterized in that the duration is when not too anxious, wait sealing to enclose after the curtain construction finishes, carry out again digging zone earthwork construction on earth, make rapidly the digging zone become the place that can supply foundation pile to construct in advance.

7. as claim 2 or the 3 described job practicess of in foundation ditch, creating the construction plant, it is characterized in that when carrying out big foundation pit construction, robbing and dig the district can be two or more for pile foundation.

8. one kind is the job practices that follow-up structure construction is created the construction plant in foundation ditch, it is characterized in that, A: for not having stake down in the construction plant that structure is created---may further comprise the steps: (1) at first carries out the location, scene, provides the foundation ditch position line, and the position of definite foundation ditch soil outlet; (2) in the foundation ditch position line, select suitable position and opportunity to carry out for creating the structure construction place that specific aim is robbed earth excavation, after the substrate of constructing requires absolute altitude, to around expand and dig; (3) can carry out bed course when this zone and then carry out cushion construction, design has waterproof then to carry out construction of waterproof layer and the construction of substrate reinforcing bar binding, satisfies related request and carries out the construction of structure concrete layer afterwards.

B: stake is arranged under the construction site for Structure Creating: then the construction method according to pile foundation establishment construction site operates, and may further comprise the steps: (1) at first carries out the location, scene, provides the foundation ditch position line, and the position of definite foundation ditch soil outlet; (2) in the foundation ditch position line, select suitable position and carry out the pit earthwork digging opportunity; (3) the digging zone earthwork construction is distinguished outside earth excavation along this again after substrate requires absolute altitude, satisfies the pile foundation construction that carries out this district after the pile driving construction condition according to designing requirement; (4) continue to distinguish outside earth excavation along this, carry out rapidly the pile foundation construction at this position after the generation construction part, until the pile foundation construction of whole foundation ditch is complete; When the digging zone is that the stake of Structure Creating construction site is constructed, can then carry out cubic metre of earth, cushion construction, be designed with waterproof and then carry out construction of waterproof layer and substrate reinforcement construction, carry out afterwards the construction of Concrete In Structures layer;

If bottom is improper in overall situation construction, then upwards carry out the predetermined structure sheaf of rush construction, to create the construction site with all strength.

9. as claimed in claim 8 is the job practices that follow-up structure construction is created the construction plant in foundation ditch, it is characterized in that, when the construction plant does not have stake, few water down, water level is dark, soil property good, stablized condition, the construction plant of directly rob and dig, head direct for theme, creating structure.

10. as claimed in claim 8 is the construction method that follow-up structure construction creates the construction site in foundation ditch, it is characterized in that, there is not stake under the construction site, in the bad situation of water level height, soil property, to carry out the construction that sealing encloses curtain to foundation ditch, delay the time of comprehensively determining to rob excavation construction according to the urgency of water-stop curtain construction speed and follow-up construction; Launch digging construction on earth cubic metre of earth near zone, construction site or the foundation ditch center from creating then, digging on earth or through several step diggings on earth; Outwards dig all around along the digging zone then; When the area of digging zone and geological conditions satisfy corresponding execution conditions, just try to be the first and create the corresponding construction in structure construction place.