CN100578192C - Apparatus for measuring spectrum of fog drop, and image processing device - Google Patents
Apparatus for measuring spectrum of fog drop, and image processing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100578192C CN100578192C CN200510086231A CN200510086231A CN100578192C CN 100578192 C CN100578192 C CN 100578192C CN 200510086231 A CN200510086231 A CN 200510086231A CN 200510086231 A CN200510086231 A CN 200510086231A CN 100578192 C CN100578192 C CN 100578192C
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Abstract
A device used for measuring spectrogram of fog drop is prepared as setting illumination lamp and camera shooting tube as well as target in camera bellows, connecting computer with camera shooting tube through image collection card and connecting information output-storage unit to computer. The method for processing image collected by said device to obtain parameter of fog drop is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the equipment for plant protection pesticide application technology field of accurate agricultural, particularly about a kind of measurement mechanism of spectrum of fog drop.The invention still further relates to the image processing method of the measurement mechanism that is used for spectrum of fog drop.
Background technology
In accurate dispenser, mist droplet particle size is the key factor that influences mist droplet deposition and drift, and the deposition uniformity of droplet and settled density are the important indicators of judging atomization quality simultaneously.Adopt suitable method to measure droplet sizes, can set up quantitative understanding for the droplet sizes distribution situation that sprays.At present, mainly contain magnesium oxide plate mensuration, oily ware method, Nuo Lunbai laser granularmetric analysis method, laser particle size analyzer method measurement droplet sizes.Though these equipment and method can be measured droplet sizes, the loaded down with trivial details complexity of the operation steps that has, expensive big also needs that has is difficult to have versatility in special laboratory.
When farm work, in the process of droplet from the shower nozzle to the target, be subjected to the influence of natural causes such as atmosphere, temperature, humidity and crop canopies micro climate, variation has also taken place in the droplet form that is attached on the target.Therefore study a kind of acquisition target droplet information that can be real-time fast, and the low instrument simple to operate of cost seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to avoid above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, and proposes the measurement mechanism of a kind of spectrum of fog drop that a kind of cost is low, simple to operate, the Information Monitoring amount is big.The present invention also provides a kind of image processing method that is used for the measurement mechanism of spectrum of fog drop.
Technical scheme provided by the present invention is: it includes target, camera bellows, illuminating lamp, camera, image pick-up card, information output memory device, computing machine, wherein, illuminating lamp, camera, target place in the camera bellows, computing machine is connected with camera by image pick-up card, and information output memory device is connected with computing machine.
Described camera adopts the colorful digital video camera.
Described illuminating lamp is a fluorescent light.
In order to realize the measurement of spectrum of fog drop, the present invention is further comprising the steps of:
1, with the picture gathered through of the conversion of 24 bitmaps to 8 bitmaps, be used for coloured image is converted into gray level image;
2, carry out filtering; Promptly suppress various noises in the droplet image, sharpening droplet image edge information improves picture quality;
3, gray level image is converted into black white image;
4, carry out droplet parameter statistics, if the image of fog-drop adhesion then carries out the computing that black white image is converted into gray level image, the zone of then that the Region Segmentation one-tenth of fog-drop adhesion is corresponding with droplet a plurality of connections is used for droplet parameter statistics;
5, show the droplet data message; The output of data picture is preserved.
Described droplet parameter statistics also comprises in droplet number, droplet area, the droplet volume statistics in footpath in footpath, the droplet quantity, and wherein, a droplet counting number adopts is that the way of several connected regions is added up; The droplet area adopts the number of the pixel in the number connected region to add up; The footpath is that droplet is sorted by size in the droplet volume, and the ascending volume that carries out is accumulated, and cumulative volume reaches the fogdrop diameter of total droplet volume 50% place correspondence.The footpath is droplet to be sorted by size carry out the quantity accumulation in the droplet quantity, and cumulative amount reaches the corresponding fogdrop diameter in total quantity 50% place.
The present invention has following advantage: 1) because operation steps is simple, cost is low, has saved manpower and materials.Therefore, have better practicality and versatility; 2) the present invention can obtain the droplet number, information data such as footpath and spectrum of fog drop curve in footpath, the droplet volume in droplet area coverage, the droplet quantity, thus improved work efficiency, provide the precise information support for accurate dispenser simultaneously; 3) image processing techniques is applied in the droplet measurement, realized the separate operation of picture collection and Flame Image Process, be convenient to a large amount of of target picture and gather in real time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the main menu composition diagram of image processing software of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an image processing software processing flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the image segmentation menu map of image processing software of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the figure image intensifying menu map of image processing software of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is droplet statistics displayed map of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the droplet parameter statistics menu map.
Among the figure: 1 camera bellows, 2 illuminating lamps, 3 cameras, 4 image pick-up cards, 5 information output memory device, 6 computing machines and software thereof, 7 targets.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention mainly is made up of two parts, and a part is the picture collecting part, i.e. the measurement mechanism of spectrum of fog drop; Another part is the image processing method part.
(1) measurement mechanism of spectrum of fog drop
As shown in Figure 1, the measurement mechanism of spectrum of fog drop is by target 7, camera bellows 1, fluorescent light 2, camera 3, image pick-up card 4, information output memory device 5, computer set 6, its operating path is: the droplet in the camera bellows 1 on the target 7, under the illumination of fluorescent light 2, take the droplet image by camera 3, again by image pick-up card 4 with the droplet image acquisition that takes in computing machine 6, carry out Flame Image Process, thereby draw accurate droplet data message.
During concrete enforcement, its feature is as follows:
What 1, camera 3 used in this device is Panasonic WV-CP474 colorful digital video camera, it has 1/3 inch of 768 horizontal pixels by use and transmits ccd image sensor and digital signal processing large scale integrated circuit in the ranks, makes the image of its generation reach high-quality and high resolving power.
Concrete function and parameter are as follows:
● auto brightness control (ALC)/electronics brilliance control (ELC);
● the SUPER-DII function can be eliminated bright spot for example etc. disturbs the strong bias light of camera review deepening, and dynamic range is 48dB;
● various external sync functions comprise total lock function;
● automatic/hand white balance function;
● electronic shutter function;
● embedded digital moves detection;
● signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) 50dB horizontal resolution is 480 lines, obtains higher image definition by 2H type extends perpendicular;
● camera lens: rise the imperial 13VG2812AS of company type camera lens.The CS interface; DC drives aperture;
24.1 ° * 18.0 ° of 97.4 ° * 72.5 °/Tele of visual angle: Wide.
2, this device adopts in the good perseverance from the OK-C of image technique company limited 30A image pick-up card 4.Can realize that by the high-speed PCI bus direct images acquired is to VGA video memory or host computer system internal memory, this not only makes image directly collect VGA and realizes single screen working method, and can utilize the extensibility of PC internal memory, the sequence image of realizing requirement frame by frame, continuous acquisition, carry out the sequence image Treatment Analysis.Except driver, also have corresponding software development kit in the image pick-up card 4 of the OK series software going along with, profuse built-in function function is provided, greatly facilitate the exploitation of application software.
Concrete function and parameter are as follows:
● video is input as standard P AL, NTSC or SECAM-system signal;
● can gather colour and black white image;
● high precision 10 digital video A/D have comb filter, frequency overlapped-resistable filter;
● the input of six road composite videos is selected or two road Y/C (5+6 and 3+4) input is selected;
● brightness, contrast, colourity, saturation degree software is adjustable;
● image acquisition display resolution maximum 768 * 576;
● have hardware point mask bit function;
● hardware is finished the input picture proportional zoom;
● have the Hardware Mirroring reverse function;
● the external trigger signal is failed (TTL low level);
● support RGB 32, RGB24, RGB16, RGB15, picture formats such as YUV422, black white image GRAY8;
● can gather the image of single game, single frames, several frames in interval and continuous adjacent frame, accurately show up.
3, computing machine 6CPU dominant frequency is 2.801GHz, the 80G hard disk, and the 1G internal memory, the 128M video memory, generally speaking:
Processor: the 233MHZ or the processor of high primary frequency more, suggestion adopt the above processor of PII series;
Internal memory: be no less than 128M, suggestion 256M or high capacity internal memory more;
Hard drive space: be no less than the 100M free disk space and be used for installing and use the spectrum of fog drop measuring system software, the more hard disk space is used in suggestion;
Video shows: SuperVGA (800 * 600) or more high-resolution video adapter and monitor
Other peripheral hardware: QWERTY keyboard, mouse, CD-ROM drive;
4, camera bellows 1 is the self-control camera bellows, requires photophobism good.
Referring to Fig. 1, target 7 is positioned in the camera bellows 1, and camera lens over against video camera 3, open the irradiation of fluorescent light 2, regulate camera bellows 1 level, vertical, height rotary knob, make target drop on the optimum position in the camera visual field, image pick-up card 4 is provided with the picture collection and is single auspicious collection, manual operation is kept at after the numbering in the catalogue file folder that computing machine 6 sets.Can set the umber of gathering picture by the frequency of setting image pick-up card 4 collections.The picture of keeping is opened accordingly in image processing software and is handled.
(2) image processing method
As shown in Figure 3, the step of image processing method comprises the picture that will be gathered through the conversion of 24 bitmaps to 8 bitmaps, is about to coloured image and is converted into gray level image; Medium filtering is promptly done ordering with the gray-scale value of choosing in the image-region scope, gets the disposal route of intermediate value alternate range central value; Binaryzation is about to gray level image and is converted into black white image; If there is not fog-drop adhesion, directly enter droplet parameter statistics; If fog-drop adhesion then carries out range conversion, the watershed divide statistics is promptly carried out the computing that black white image is converted into gray level image, then the Region Segmentation of fog-drop adhesion is become the zone of two connections, is used for droplet parameter statistics; Show the droplet data message; The output of data picture is preserved.
The content of described spectrum of fog drop statistics comprises:
What the droplet counting adopted is that the way of counting connected region is added up.After the binary image, droplet is masked as 255 (whites), and background colour is masked as 0 (black), and a droplet is exactly a connected region.So it is exactly that number has gone out the number of droplet that number goes out connected region.
The droplet area adopts the number statistics of number pixel, promptly how many pixels are a connected region interior (in the droplet) have, then under the same condition that collects image, gather the square of a standard area, foursquare area is divided by the shared pixel of square, promptly know the area of a pixel representative, so the area of droplet just can calculate.
The droplet sizes at droplet quantity 50% place after the footpath expression is sorted by size with droplet in the droplet quantity, the corresponding fogdrop diameter in 50% place is footpath in the quantity on the cumulative amount curve.
The droplet of footpath expression ejection is divided into two parts that cumulative volume equates in the volume, and the footpath is all less than footpath in the volume in wherein a part of contained droplet, and the contained fogdrop diameter of another part is all greater than footpath in the volume.The corresponding diameter in 50% place is footpath in the volume on the cumulative volume curve.
The workflow of above method is:
[the 1st step]: open the BMP image
[the 2nd step]: image transitions is become 8 gray scale BMP images
[the 3rd step]: in figure image intensifying menu, select suitable filtering method to carry out filtering
[the 4th step]: in the image segmentation menu, select suitable submenu to carry out binary conversion treatment
[the 5th step]: carry out droplet parameter statistics
As run into droplet image adhesive tape, and then before statistics, need carry out range conversion, carry out the statistics of droplet parameter with the watershed divide statistical method
[the 6th step]: show the droplet data message, carry out data and preserve.
As shown in Figure 2, below in conjunction with the main menu of this method step and operating process are done further to explain in detail.
Each menu of window interface is as follows:
1, edit menu (E): comprise and cancel, shear, duplicate, paste.
2, check menu (V): comprise toolbar, status bar, demonstration histogram.
3,24 are changeed 8 gray-scale map menus:
This menu function is to convert coloured image to gray level image.
4, figure image intensifying menu: see Fig. 5, wherein,
[gray inversion] is with the counter-rotating of former figure gray-scale value, is exactly in simple terms to make blackly to become whitely, and it is black making leucismus;
[histogram equalization] is to be the histogram transformation of original graph equally distributed form, thereby the dynamic range that increases grey scale pixel value reaches the effect that strengthens the integral image contrast
[gray scale cutting] is that certain gray-scale value scope is become more outstanding
[local average is level and smooth] replaces the original gray-scale value of this pixel with the average gray of the pixel in the pixel field, realizes the level and smooth of image
[greyscale transformation] is the contrast that is used for strengthening former figure part.In the former figure dynamic range between certain two gray-scale value realizes by increasing often in the reality
[medium filtering] is a kind of typical nonlinear wave filter, when medium filtering is handled the intermediate value of gray scale in the regional area as output gray level.
[frequency domain low-pass filtering] is for piece image, if its edge, jump part and noise be the high fdrequency component of representative image all, and large-area background area and change part slowly be the low frequency component of representative image then, plays the effect of smoothed image by this filtering mode
[self-adaptive smooth filtering] is to utilize little average weighted template and image to carry out the iteration convolution, and the weight coefficient of this template is the continuity by corresponding point, and promptly the function as the pixel gradient decides
[pseudo-colours enhancing] is a kind of colored Enhancement Method commonly used, be to the zone of different gray-scale values in the original gray level image give different colors with more obvious differentiation they.
5, image transformation menu: be fast fourier transform.
6, image segmentation menu: see Fig. 4, comprise that fixed threshold is cut apart, big Tianjin method is cut apart, optimal threshold is cut apart, sobel operator, Laplace operator, Previtt operator, Robert operator, LoG operator, profile extract.
7, droplet parameter statistics menu: see Fig. 7, comprise that droplet counting (being tending towards method), spectrum of fog drop, range conversion (chamfering), corrosion are cut apart, watershed segmentation, manually reject, droplet counting (diameter method).Wherein:
[range conversion] is a kind of computing that bianry image is converted into gray scale.Range conversion implementation algorithm in the practice is to start with from the neighborhood pixels point, each itself and local adjacent several pixel minimum value and value only calculated, according to overall situation distance is that local distance is by the principle that is formed by stacking, image is carried out twice scanning in front and back, finally obtain the range image that is similar to.Based on above-mentioned principle, adopt chamfering algorithm (Chamfer) to carry out range conversion, fast simple, its distance of calculating rationally approaches real Euclidean distance.Only need carry out the gray level image that twice scanning just can obtain range conversion to bianry image.
[watershed segmentation] is the zone that more effectively zone of adhesion is divided into two connections, and like this, fog-drop adhesion later on just can be by correct separated.
Conclusion is got up, and exactly 24 colour pictures is changed into 8 gray scale pictures, and automatic numbering is kept under the assigned catalogue.Open 8 gray scale pictures of preservation, carry out image segmentation, drop-down menu is seen Fig. 4.Image segmentation is carried out the figure image intensifying and is seen Fig. 5 after handling.Do as required (as range conversion) after the corresponding image transformation, obtain a width of cloth binaryzation picture, carry out the statistics and the demonstration of the various parameters of droplet then, see Fig. 6.At last data presented is derived storage, be convenient to the multisample data preparation.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of image processing method that is used for the spectrum of fog drop measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that described spectrum of fog drop measurement mechanism, include target, also be provided with camera bellows (1), illuminating lamp (2), camera (3), image pick-up card (4), information output memory device (5), computing machine (6), wherein, illuminating lamp (2), camera (3), target (7) place in the camera bellows (1), computing machine (6) is connected with camera (3) by image pick-up card (4), information output memory device (5) is connected with computing machine (6), and described image processing method may further comprise the steps:
1) with the picture gathered through of the conversion of 24 bitmaps to 8 bitmaps, be used for coloured image is converted into gray level image;
2) in medium filtering, frequency domain low-pass filtering and self-adaptive smooth filtering, select suitable filtering method to carry out filtering; Promptly suppress various noises in the droplet image, sharpening droplet image edge information improves picture quality;
3) from fixed threshold cut apart, big Tianjin method is cut apart, optimal threshold is cut apart, select suitable method that gray level image is converted into black white image the sobel operator, Laplace operator, Previtt operator, Robert operator, LoG operator;
4) carry out droplet parameter statistics, if the image of fog-drop adhesion then carries out the computing that black white image is converted into gray level image, the zone of then that the Region Segmentation one-tenth of fog-drop adhesion is corresponding with droplet a plurality of connections is used for droplet parameter statistics;
5) show the droplet data message; The output of data picture is preserved.
2, the image processing method of the measurement mechanism of a kind of spectrum of fog drop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described droplet parameter statistics comprises in droplet number, droplet area, the droplet volume statistics in footpath in footpath, the droplet quantity.
3, the image processing method of the measurement mechanism of a kind of spectrum of fog drop according to claim 2 is characterized in that: what a described droplet counting number adopted is that the way of counting connected region is added up.
4, the image processing method of the measurement mechanism of a kind of spectrum of fog drop according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described droplet area adopts the number of number connected region interior pixel point to add up.
5, the image processing method of the measurement mechanism of a kind of spectrum of fog drop according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the footpath is that droplet is sorted by size in the described droplet volume, the ascending volume that carries out is accumulated, and cumulative volume reaches the fogdrop diameter of total droplet volume 50% place correspondence.
6, the image processing method of the measurement mechanism of a kind of spectrum of fog drop according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the footpath is droplet to be sorted by size carry out the quantity accumulation in the described droplet quantity, and cumulative amount reaches the corresponding fogdrop diameter in total quantity 50% place.
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Assignee: SUZHOU AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS MACHINERY CO., LTD. Assignor: China Agricultural University Contract record no.: 2011320010093 Denomination of invention: Apparatus for measuring spectrum of fog drop, and image processing device Granted publication date: 20100106 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20070221 Record date: 20110713 |