CN100577209C - Magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100577209C CN100577209C CN200810027405A CN200810027405A CN100577209C CN 100577209 C CN100577209 C CN 100577209C CN 200810027405 A CN200810027405 A CN 200810027405A CN 200810027405 A CN200810027405 A CN 200810027405A CN 100577209 C CN100577209 C CN 100577209C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nanomicelle of magnetic tumor double-targeting polymer and a preparation method thereof. The nanomicelle of magnetic tumor double-targeting polymer is a nuclear shell structure; the surface of an outer shell is connected with targeted ligand, an inner core is enclosed with nano-particles of super paramagnetic ferriferrous oxide and anticarcinogen with hydrophobic property; in virtue of the physical effect of an external magnetic field and induction of the targeting ligand, the tumor double-targeting function of the nanomicelle is realized. The invention also provides the preparation method of the nanomicelle of magnetic tumor double-targeting polymer: polyethylene glycol with end capping by folacin, and poly Epsilon-caprolactone or sandwich copolymer of poly propiolactone are taken as raw materials and enclosed with the nano-particles of super paramagnetic ferriferrous oxide and the anticarcinogen with hydrophobic property, and then dialysed to obtain the nanomicelle of magnetic tumor double-targeting polymer. The drug carrier system of the nanomicelle reinforces the treatment effect of the anticarcinogen with hydrophobic property on tumor, prolongs the circulating time of the anticarcinogen in human body, intensifies the targeting action of drugs, improves the release efficiency and partial concentration of drugs, and reduces the dosage and toxic and side effect of drugs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pharmaceutical carrier and preparation method thereof, specifically a kind of magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle and preparation method thereof belongs to polymer chemistry and biomedical engineering field.
Background technology
Cancer is one of main disease of harm whole mankind health.At present, global annual New Development cancer patient is up to more than 1,000 ten thousand, and is dead more than 600 ten thousand, and the seriousness of its harm and the arduousness of treatment have caused the very big attention of many national public, government and scientific circles.Development can be treated the means of this class disease more effectively, to promoting that human health is significant.
The cancer therapy drug chemotherapy is most important treatment of cancer means except that operation.Present most micromolecule anticarcinogen water solublity is relatively poor, uses surfactant that it is carried out emulsifying clinically usually, but the blood less stable does not possess slow release or controlled release properties basically, and has numerous shortcomings such as blood halflife is short, toxic and side effects is big.Therefore, the novel efficient drug delivery carrier of research has become the task of top priority of biomedicine field.Wherein, polymer nano micelle constantly attracts the extensive concern of industry with its excellent biological chemical performance and application development potentiality.
This nanoparticle that forms by the amphipathic nature block polymer self assembly has unique nucleocapsid structure, its oil loving kernel can be used as the natural carrier of lipophilic medicament or video picture reagent, and hydrophilic shell has then been given the stability of particle in aqueous solution.With respect to other carrier system (as liposome, microsphere, dendrimer etc.), polymer nano micelle possesses special advantages: it has extremely low critical micelle concentration and (is generally 10
-6M), this is for guaranteeing that the stability after micelle is diluted by vein is very important; And nano level size has improved the permeability and the persistency of micelle microgranule greatly, easilier utilizes " careless omission " of vascular system to realize passive gathering in solid tumor.
Yet according to observations, the reticuloendothelium organ is (as liver, spleen) still exists the micellar obvious absorption of carrier, can reduce the curative effect of medicine, and the nonspecific accumulation of health tissues inside also might cause serious adverse, therefore needs further to improve the tumour-specific of micelle in treatment and diagnosis.
Usually, the method for realization active tumour targeting mainly comprises intratumor injection and carrier modification two big classes.Though intratumor injection is easy, in most cases can't accurately find out, so and inapplicable owing to actual tumor locus.At present, mostly is to modify the micelle skin with the particular ligand that can discern specific molecular signal on the cancer cell membrane, mainly comprises folic acid, peptide (as ring-type pentapeptide cRGD), siderophillin and some antibody.Though this method can significantly improve micellar cell adhesion forces and cell degree of absorption, also can't guide nanoparticle to assemble to tumor locus.After nanoparticle enters vein, can transmit and spread by blood circulation, but before running into target, the targeting part that micelle can't abutment surface is fixed on the tumor.If at this moment additional again some external force (as the external magnetic field) effect, tumor tissues be controlled and be guided to micelle just can effectively, thereby improve the laser propagation effect of medicine greatly.
The firstling in this field will be traced back to the seventies in last century, and initiative developments such as Widder go out magnetic microsphere as pharmaceutical carrier, utilizes external magnetic field guiding carrier to the targeting moiety enrichment.To nineteen eighty-three, Widder and partner thereof are developed again and hydrochloric amycin and gluey Magnet (ferroso-ferric oxide, Fe
3O
4, the surface coverage cross-linked albumin) the magnetic response microsphere.This microsphere is successfully realized gathering in the malignant tumor of planting in mouse tail, most all complete obiterations of tumor after a course of treatment.Since then, the whole continuous prosperity of cancer target chemotherapy of magnetic nano-particle two more than ten years, research even developed into clinical experimental stage individually.But, when being used for the magnetic resonance video picture as diagnostic contrast agents, still exist on the weak side such as particle magnetic, the drug loading rate is low, releasing effect is poor, be difficult for to realize that the problems such as accurate control of particle diameter need to solve.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing medicine-carried system, a kind of novel magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle is provided.
Magnetic tumor double-target nano-micelle structure of the present invention is a nucleocapsid structure, and the hydrophilic section tip of its shell is connected to the targeting ligand molecular, and the hydrophobic section of kernel then is wrapped with hydrophobic anticancer drug and superparamagnetic nanoparticle.
The housing of described magnetic tumor double-target nano-micelle constitutes based on the block copolymer (folate-PEG-PCL, or folate-PEG-PLA) of modified with folic acid, its role is to transmit superparamagnetic nanoparticle and hydrophobic anticancer drug to tumor locus.This magnetic tumor double-target nano-micelle relies on the physical action of external magnetic field and the chemical guiding function of part to realize the tumor double-target function.
Described hydrophobic anticancer drug can be amycin, paclitaxel etc.
Described superparamagnetic nanoparticle is a nanoscale ferroso-ferric oxide particle, and particle diameter can be 4 to 16nm.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle, its concrete steps are as follows: with the block copolymer of the end capped Polyethylene Glycol of 18～22 weight portion folic acid and poly-epsilon-caprolactone or polylactide, 3～5 weight portion hydrophobic anticancer drug, 2～4 weight portion superparamagnetism ferriferrous oxide nano-particles and triethylamine are dissolved in the equal-volume mixed solvent of oxolane and dimethyl sulfoxide, under ultrasonication, slowly add in the deionized water, in deionized water, dialyse then, again the micellar solution of gained is filtered, obtain magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle.
The block copolymer of the end capped Polyethylene Glycol of described folic acid and poly-epsilon-caprolactone or polylactide (folate-PEG-PCL or folate-PEG-PLA) prepares by the following method: at first pass through active anionic polymerization, with alcoholization potassium is the end capped PEG of initiator synthesis of allyl, the di-block copolymer (can be abbreviated as allyl-PEG-PCL or allyl-PEG-PLA) of allyl capped is made in the ring-opening polymerisation of trigger monomer 6-caprolactone or lactide under the catalysis of stannous octoate then, then the pi-allyl of PEG end is converted into amino through reduction, at last connect the block copolymer that folic acid makes the end capped Polyethylene Glycol of folic acid and poly-epsilon-caprolactone or polylactide at the amino place, two sections number-average molecular weight is respectively 2.8～3KD and 0.8～1KD.
The gained micelle is spherical substantially, and the mean diameter size is 55～105nm, and mean diameter is 75 ± 6nm.
Described filtration can be with the membrane filtration of 220nm to remove big aggregation.
Compared with prior art, technical solutions according to the invention have following beneficial effect: (1) this micelle is made by the amphipathic nature block polymer of Polyethylene Glycol and poly-epsilon-caprolactone or polylactic acid, as hydrophilic section, the stealthy function of PEG can prolong its blood circulation time, thereby avoid being excreted out by the reticuloendothelium system, PCL or PLA then have suitable chain compliance and superior bioactive as hydrophobic section; (2) under the physical action of the attached superparamagnetism ferriferrous oxide nano-particle outside magnetic field of the inner bag of nano-micelle, guide the cancer target effect that realizes micellar tumor double-target increased functionality medicine jointly with the targeting part of hydrophilic section end, improve the release efficiency and the local concentration of medicine and reduce the using dosage of medicine and toxic and side effects etc., great researching value and application prospect are arranged in field of cancer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1～Fig. 6 is the observed result of transmission electron microscope among the embodiment 3, and wherein Fig. 1 is the transmission electron micrograph of the 50nm unit of ferriferrous oxide nano-particle; Fig. 2 is the electronic diffraction of 6nm SPIO, has indicated 220nm, 311nm, 400nm, 422nm, 440nm, 511nm among the figure; Fig. 3 is the transmission electron micrograph of the 50nm unit of blank polymer micelle; Fig. 4 is the dynamic light scattering block diagram of blank polymer micelle; Fig. 5 is based on the transmission electron micrograph of 100nm unit of the tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle of 100%folate-PEG-PCL or folate-PEG-PLA; Fig. 6 is based on the dynamic light scattering block diagram of the polymer nanocomposite carrier micelle of 100%folate-PEG-PCL or folate-PEG-PLA.
Fig. 7 be among the embodiment 4 based on allyl-PEG-PCL or allyl-PEG-PLA polymer nanocomposite carrier micelle the hysteresis curve under 300K and 10K.
Fig. 8 is the hysteresis curve of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle under 300K and 10K of the attached 6nm SPIO of embodiment 4 bags.
Fig. 9 is the release in vitro curve that is respectively amycin under 7.4 and 5.0 the situation among the embodiment 5 based on the micelle (SPIO-DOX-micelles) of the load SPIO of 100%folate-PEG-PCL or folate-PEG-PLA and amycin at 37 ℃, pH value.
Figure 10 is squamous cancer cell strain (the human squamous carcinoma cell line in human oral cavity under the different folic acid density in SPIO-DOX-micelles surface among the embodiment 6, can be abbreviated as KB cells) absorb micellar ratio, represent that with A wherein the micellar cell of 100% folic acid functionalization absorbs ratio and will be higher than folic acid and functionalization micelle not far away.
Figure 11 is that KB cells absorbs the micellar fluorescence microscopy picture of 100% folic acid functionalization.
Figure 12 is that KB cells absorbs the micellar fluorescence microscopy picture of 0% folic acid functionalization.
Figure 13 is that embodiment 6 China and foreign countries the action of a magnetic fields are cultivated KB cell after 3 hours down and absorbed displaing micro picture based on the SPIO-DOX-micells of 100% folic acid functionalization.
Figure 14 is that what to cultivate after four days DOX, the micellar Study of cytotoxicity of 100% and 0% folic acid functionalization in the KB cell among the embodiment 7 is that cell survival is than the variation with concentration of iron.
Figure 15 cultivates after four days in the KB cell cell survival of DOX, the micellar Study of cytotoxicity of 100% and 0% folic acid functionalization than the variation with DOX concentration among the embodiment 7.Wherein, the variation of concentration of iron is little to the survival influence of KB cell, and the raising of DOX concentration can directly cause KB cell death ratio to increase, and this phenomenon is more obvious behind the modified with folic acid.
The specific embodiment
The tumor double-target nano-micelle carrier material folate-PEG-PCL of modified with folic acid or the preparation of folate-PEG-PLA
(1) preparation of the PEG homopolymer of allyl capped
To in exsiccant reaction bulb, stir 15 minutes behind the tetrahydrofuran solution of 4ml potassium naphthalide and the 0.5ml propenyl mix homogeneously.The tetrahydrofuran solution (containing 1.5g hexaoxacyclooctadecane-6-6 and 5ml anhydrous tetrahydro furan) that under argon shield, adds 20ml anhydrous tetrahydro furan and hexaoxacyclooctadecane-6-6 then; stirring after 15 minutes places cryosel to bathe cooling in mixture; and slowly feed exsiccant oxirane, kept low temperature 24 hours so that polyreaction continues to carry out.At room temperature placed at last 3.
(2) preparation of the allyl-PEG-PCL of allyl capped or allyl-PEG-PLA amphipathic nature block polymer
The pi-allyl PEG that under the argon shield 0.2g is made by step (1) to room temperature, injects exsiccant 6-caprolactone or lactide and 20mg stannous octoate at 45 ℃ of left and right sides vacuum drying a few hours postcooling then, and successive reaction adds acetic acid and stops under the room temperature after 48 hours.Initial product is dissolved in dichloromethane again behind the normal hexane reprecipitation, the diethyl ether that adds ten times of amounts under the stirring of brute force carries out the reprecipitation second time.The white powder of gained filters earlier, and reuse normal hexane and diethyl ether cleaning-drying obtain the allyl-PEG-PCL or the allyl-PEG-PLA amphipathic nature block polymer of allyl capped
(3) purification of the allyl-PEG-PCL of allyl capped or allyl-PEG-PLA amphipathic nature block polymer
Allyl-PEG-PCL that 2ml step (2) is made or the tetrahydrofuran solution of allyl-PEG-PLA (0.5g) stir lentamente and add in the 20ml distilled water, and rotary evaporation is removed oxolane, form Aqueous Micelles solution.Nitrogen bubble 1 hour to be to eliminate the oxygen in the solution then, potassium persulfate of Jia Ruing and 2-aminoothyl mercaptan hydrochlorate again, and 52 ℃ of sealings were stirred 5 hours under nitrogen current thereupon.Unreacted potassium persulfate and 2-aminoothyl mercaptan hydrochlorate are at room temperature dialysed and were removed in 24 hours.Dropwise drip lithium hydroxide solution to micellar solution, the solution pH value is adjusted to 9.4 from 7.4, so that terminated ammonium salt changes amino group into.Gained solution is freezing immediately, afterwards freeze dried micelle powder is dissolved in oxolane, the reuse membrane filtration to be to remove lithium chloride and unreacted Lithium hydrate, can obtain the copolymer behind the purification in normal hexane behind the reprecipitation, and experimental data shows that this copolymer productive rate is greater than 78%.
(4) preparation of the folate-PEG-PCL of modified with folic acid or folate-PEG-PLA amphipathic nature block polymer
1g folic acid is dissolved in the 30ml anhydrous dimethyl sulphoxide,, refilters and remove by-product 1, the 3-1,3-Dicyclohexylurea with 0.5g dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 0.9g N-hydroxy-succinamide one night of room temperature reaction under argon shield.Then; the above-mentioned folic acid solution that is activated of 3ml is added 5ml to be contained in the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of the amino PEG-PCL of 0.4g or PEG-PLA and 0.05ml triethylamine; room temperature reaction is 10 hours under argon shield, gained solution through centrifugal and filter after pure water dialysis 24 hours in bag filter again.Dialysis solution is through lyophilization, and the powder sample of gained is dissolved in the 3ml oxolane, filters the back and dropwise drops in the pure water under stirring action.Afterwards, the volatilization oxolane that spends the night, the micellar solution of gained was dialysed 5 days in pure water once more, to remove unreacted folic acid and unnecessary oxolane.Final micellar solution obtains the tumor double-target nano-micelle carrier material folate-PEG-PCL of modified with folic acid or the solid product of folate-PEG-PLA through lyophilization, and experiment shows that productive rate surpasses 82%.
The preparation of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle
(1) preparation of superparamagnetism ferriferrous oxide nano-particle SPIO
With 0.7g ferric acetyl acetonade, 2.9g 1,2-hexadecane glycol, 2ml oleic acid, 2ml oleyl amine and 20ml benzyl ether under nitrogen protection behind the mix homogeneously in 200 ℃ of heating two hours, be warming up to 300 ℃ then and refluxed one hour.Treat that gained black product cool to room temperature carries out reprecipitation again in ethanol, centrifugal removing is dissolved in the normal hexane sealing behind the unnecessary solvent and preserves.
(2) preparation of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle
10mg folate-PEG-PCL or folate-PEG-PLA, 2mg cancer therapy drug, 1.3ml triethylamine and 1.5mg SPIO are dissolved in the mixed solvent that contains 1.0ml oxolane and 1.0ml dimethyl sulfoxide, under ultrasonication, drop to lentamente in the 5ml deionized water.Then, dialysis hydrophobicity anticarcinogen to remove organic solvent wherein and not wrap up on the 2nd in deionized water.At last, with the micellar solution of gained with the membrane filtration of 220nm to remove big aggregation.
Embodiment 3
The test experiments of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle key property
The micellar size of gained adopts the dynamic light scattering system to measure, and its form is then observed definite by transmission electron microscope, and test result is seen Fig. 1.
Embodiment 4
The test of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle magnetic property
The micellar alternating temperature susceptibility of gained is measured by gaussmeter, and the magnetic responsiveness of SPIO and micellar solution then embodies near a Magnet is positioned over container, and test result is seen Fig. 2.
The external release test of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle (is example with SPIP-DOX-micelles)
With moving in the bag filter behind miscible respectively phosphate buffered solution of 10mg micelle freeze-drying sample (can be abbreviated as PBS) and the pH5.0 sodium acetate buffer solution, place the identical buffer solution of 25ml on 37 ℃ of constant temperature shaking tables in pH7.4.Respectively 2 hours elapsed time, 3.5 hours, 15 hours, 26.5 hours, 36.5 hours, 2.5 days, 3.8 days, 5.5 days, 8.5 days, 14.5 my god, 21.5 days, 28.5 days, 35.5 it the time, from the outside solution that takes out of bag filter, adopt ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer at maximum absorption wavelength (λ
DOX=480nm) locate and calculate and wherein wrap attached drug concentrations according to absorbance measurement, further calculate the cumulative concentration that obtains drug release and release percentage ratio over time, the buffer solution of while additional equal volume in shaking table.Obtain the external release curve of polymer nano micelle under different pH value thus.Result of the test is seen Fig. 3.
The fluorescent labeling test of tumor double-target polymer nano carrier micelle SPIP-DOX-micelles
With the squamous cancer cell strain KB cells in human oral cavity with 5 * 10
5Unit cell density plant on the RPMI-1640 culture medium of 4ml in culture dish, and it is clear to replenish 10% non-thermal sensitivity cattle fetal blood.Cultivate in 37 ℃ of incubators after 24 hours, the concentration that adds the PBS of SPIP-DOX-micelles and adjust DOX wherein in culture dish continues to cultivate one hour to 5ug/ml.Simultaneously, for estimating the influence of external magnetic field pair cell, a Magnet is placed the below of culture dish bottom.Cultivate after 3 hours, clean cell twice, and add the PBS fixative fixed cell 30 minutes that 2ml contains 4% polyformaldehyde with PBS.And in the Prussian blue painted experiment, replaced the medium in the culture dish by the fresh PBS fixative that contains 4% polyformaldehyde.Each culture dish also adds 2.5ml 2% 3 water potassium ferrocyanide and 2: 1 mixed solution of 2% hydrochloric acid solution volume ratio, and cell continues to cultivate 20 minutes down at 37 ℃ afterwards.Then, clean cell three times, determine the fluorescence intensity of Prussian blue coloring effect and corresponding DOX by the observation of fluorescence microscope with PBS.In addition, it is the RPMI-1640 culture medium culturing of DOX of 5ug/ml after a hour that the KB cell is contained concentration with 2ml, through PBS cleaning, trypsinized and centrifugal miscible in 1ml PBS, analyzes by flow cytometry again.In addition, adopt identical method and 100% folic acid functionalization micelle to compare experiment to 5mM folic acid solution.Result of the test is seen Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
Embodiment 7
The test of tumor double-target polymer nano micelle (is example with SPIO-DOX-micelles) in vitro toxicity
The KB cell is planted on the RPMI-1640 culture medium of 80ul in culture dish with 3000 unit cell density, and it is clear to replenish 10% non-thermal sensitivity cattle fetal blood, in 37 ℃ of incubators, cultivated 24 hours.Then, cultivated wherein corresponding separately again the cultivation four days of RPMI-1640 culture medium that contains DOX 5 hours containing on the RPMI-1640 culture medium of DOX and SPIO-DOX-micelles respectively more.In addition, adopting identical method that blank micelle and the micelle that only contains SPIO are done contrast tests.Sample is sampling at one time respectively, removes culture medium, cleans cell twice with PBS, then places in the culture medium of the PBS solution (5mg/ml) that contains 80 μ l RPMI-1640 culture medium and 20 μ l MTT.The gained precipitate is dissolved in 100ul DMSO and analyzes with microplate reader.Result of the test is seen Fig. 6.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle, described nano-micelle structure is a nucleocapsid structure, it is characterized in that the hydrophilic section tip of shell is connected to the targeting ligand molecular, the attached superparamagnetic nanoparticle of hydrophobic section bag and the hydrophobic anticancer drug of kernel;
Described micelle housing is made of the polyethylene glycol-6-caprolactone of allyl capped or the amphipathic nature block polymer of polyethylene glycol-lactide;
Described targeting ligand molecular is a folic acid;
Described magnetic nano-particle is that diameter is the superparamagnetism ferriferrous oxide nano-particle of 4～16nm.
2, nano-micelle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described nano-micelle for spherical, and diameter is 55～105nm.
3, the preparation method of the described magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle of a kind of claim 1, it is characterized in that by following concrete steps preparation: with the block copolymer of the end capped Polyethylene Glycol of 18～22 weight portion folic acid and poly-epsilon-caprolactone or polylactide, 3～5 weight portion hydrophobic anticancer drug, 2～4 weight portion superparamagnetism ferriferrous oxide nano-particles and triethylamine are dissolved in the equal-volume mixed solvent of oxolane and dimethyl sulfoxide, under ultrasonication, slowly add in the deionized water, in deionized water, dialyse then, again the micellar solution of gained is filtered.
4, the preparation method of magnetic tumor double-target polymer nano micelle as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described filtration can filter with the filter membrane of 220nm.
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| CN102145177B (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2013-04-17 | 南方医科大学 | Method for preparing folate molecular targeted magnetic nanometer medicine carrier and targeting gene medicine |
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