CN100576701C - Permanent magnet type electric rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that can realize high output, in order to solve this problem, at the both ends of 1 utmost point non magnetic portion is set, utilize the angle of minimum magnetic circuit portion of this non magnetic generation and these two parameters of width of magnet, regulate the waveform of induced voltage and the voltage of motor.When being made as τ s (degree) to the pitch on the circumferencial direction of the tooth iron core of centre of rotor axle, θ ≒ (n+Y) * τ s (n is the integer more than 0) when the angle of release angle that the circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion is above-mentioned centre of rotor axle is made as θ (degree), the winding method of stator winding is to distribute when twining, make Y=0.5, the winding method of said stator winding is to concentrate when twining, and makes Y=0.9～1.2.In addition, be divided into two parts, and bridge portion is set betwixt, thereby the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that is suitable for high speed rotating can be provided by the magnet that will form 1 utmost point.

Description

Permanent magnet type electric rotary machine

Technical field

The present invention relates to permanent magnet type electric rotary machine.

Background technology

Generally require permanent magnet rotating machine, particularly be used to the permanent magnet rotating machine of powered vehicle, comprise conversion (invert) device, and want miniaturization and height outputization as its control circuit.A kind of permanent magnet rotating machine that can export big torque in the low speed rotation zone and also can carry out high output in the high speed rotating zone of special expectation.So at present,, can produce weak excitation during high speed rotating, and can effectively utilize embedded permanent-magnet formula electric rotating machine reluctance torque, that have auxiliary salient pole to be used widely as permanent magnet rotating machine.For example, open in the flat 10-126985 communique, disclose the structure of embedded permanent-magnet formula electric rotating machine the spy.

In addition, as the electric rotating machine structure of association, the known spy of having opens the 205-6484 communique, the spy opens 2002-354726 communique, the real content of being put down in writing in flat 7-11859 communique, No. 3598887 communique of patent of opening.

Permanent magnet type electric rotary machine also is that people expect even increase by 1% output under limited vehicle electrical power is supplied with.Permanent magnet type electric rotary machine produces electric power after accept the supply of electric current and voltage as the inverter of control circuit.So, in order in permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, to obtain bigger output, just need the relation of consideration and inverter, regulate the waveform of the induced voltage of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine generation.As the method for the waveform of regulating the induced voltage that permanent magnet type electric rotary machine produces, known for example spy opens 2001-112202 communique and the disclosed content of Te Kai 2002-78260 communique at present.

[patent documentation 1] spy opens flat 10-126985 communique

[patent documentation 2] spy opens the 205-6484 communique

[patent documentation 3] spy opens the 2002-354726 communique

[patent documentation 4] opens flat 7-11859 communique in fact

No. 3598887 communique of [patent documentation 5] patent

[patent documentation 6] spy opens the 2001-112202 communique

[patent documentation 7] spy opens the 2002-78260 communique

Permanent magnet type electric rotary machine is under situation about being dragged by vehicle, and when for example slowing down when vehicle inertia walking or braking etc., or under the situation by other drive source powered vehicle, the magnetic flux of permanent magnet makes stator winding produce induced voltage.Induced voltage and rotation number are proportional.Therefore, the maximum induced voltage of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine is by trailing maximum rotation number decision.On the electrical design of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, the crest voltage of the induced voltage of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine need be designed to be no more than the withstand voltage of the semiconductor element that constitutes inverter or capacitor.In addition, the output of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine is decided by the size of induced voltage basic wave composition.So,, need in the peak value that suppresses induced voltage, strengthen the size of the basic wave composition of induced voltage in order further to realize the height outputization of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine.

In order to suppress the peak value of induced voltage, can open the 2001-112202 communique and Te Kai 2002-78260 communique is disclosed as above-mentioned spy, the waveform of the induced voltage that permanent magnet type electric rotary machine is produced is regulated.But above-mentioned spy opens the disclosed content of 2001-112202 communique, does not consider that the circumferencial direction both sides of permanent magnet are provided with the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine of non magnetic portion.For this cause, patent documentation 2 disclosed contents, though effective to the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that non magnetic portion is not set on the circumferencial direction both sides of permanent magnet, the circumferencial direction both sides that can not directly apply to permanent magnet are provided with the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine of non magnetic portion.In addition, open in the 2002-78260 communique in the disclosed content the spy, owing to be formed with a plurality of ditches on the outer surface of rotor core, so need the countermeasure of corresponding windage loss or wind cutting sound (noise).

In addition, be used for the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine of vehicle traction, very big in the desired torque of corresponding physique.In addition, in order to strengthen the torque that electric rotating machine is exported, generally also can strengthen the electric current that in stator winding, flows.But if strengthen electric current, heating will correspondingly become greatly, will produce the heat restriction to current density.Therefore, in order to allow the more torque of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine output that is used for vehicle traction, the magnetic flux that effectively utilizes permanent magnet is effectively.

In order to increase the useful flux of permanent magnet in embedded permanent-magnet formula electric rotating machine, the insert depth that can reduce (reduction) permanent magnet reduces leakage flux.But, because the embedded permanent-magnet formula electric rotating machine that is used in the vehicle traction is used in the mode of height rotation,, just needing to improve mechanical strength to centrifugal force so want to reduce the insert depth of (reduction) permanent magnet, employing can be born the structure of high rotation.

Summary of the invention

One of invention that the application is representative provides a kind of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, in the time of can forming non magnetic on the circumferencial direction both sides of permanent magnet, suppresses the crest voltage of induced voltage.

In addition, one of another invention that the application is representative provides a kind of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, can strengthen the basic wave composition of induced voltage in the crest voltage that suppresses induced voltage.

In addition, one of another invention that the application is representative provides a kind of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, when bearing high rotation, can effectively utilize the magnetic flux of permanent magnet.

Further again, one of another invention that the application is representative provides a kind of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, and all sides have the space in rotor.

One of invention that the application is representative, be when being made as τ s (degree) to the circumferencial direction pitch of the tooth iron core of centre of rotor axle, when the angle of release angle that the circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion is the centre of rotor axle was made as θ (degree), θ can represent with following relational expression (1).

(n is the integer more than 0) ... (1)

The winding method of said stator winding is to distribute when twining, and establishes Y=0.5,

The winding method of said stator winding is to concentrate when twining, and establishes Y=0.9～1.2.

In addition, as one of another representative invention of the application, it is characterized in that, when the winding method of said stator winding is the distribution winding, when being made as τ s (degree) to the circumferencial direction pitch of the tooth iron core of centre of rotor axle, when the angle that the circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion is the centre of rotor axle is made as θ (degree), θ can represent that the relation of the number of magnetic poles m of rotor and the number of tooth iron core is the relational expression of showing down (2) with the relational expression of showing down (1).

(n is a natural number)

(2) m: 6m (m is a natural number)

When the angle that the width between the circumferencial direction both ends of the stator side of permanent magnet is the centre of rotor axle was made as Φ (degree), Φ was 0.7～0.9 times of θ.

In addition,, it is characterized in that as one of representative another of the application invention, when the winding method of said stator winding is to distribute when twining, during the concerning of the relational expression (1) that the pass of the number of magnetic poles m of rotor and tooth number unshakable in one's determination shows under being,

(1) m: 6m (m is a natural number)

The angle that circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion is the centre of rotor axle is 104～112 ° of electric angles or 152～168 °, and the angle that the width between the circumferencial direction both ends of the stator side of permanent magnet is the centre of rotor axle is 72.8～100.8 ° of electric angles or 106.4～151.2 °.

Have again, as one of another representative invention of the application, it is characterized in that, the permanent magnet that constitutes a magnetic pole of rotor is split into a plurality of in a circumferential direction, be provided with bridge portion between a plurality of permanent magnets being split into, bridge portion will be in the stator side of permanent magnet rotor core, mechanically couple together with the rotor core that is in the centre of rotor axle side of permanent magnet.

In addition, as one of another representative invention of the application, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned electric rotating machine has the space in interior all sides of above-mentioned rotor, the winding method of said stator winding is to concentrate to twine, the angle of release angle θ that circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of above-mentioned pair of magnetic circuits portion is above-mentioned centre of rotor axle is 130～155 ° of electric angles, the number of poles of above-mentioned permanent magnet be 16 extremely more than.

According to the present invention of above explanation and since permanent magnet on the circumferencial direction both sides, form non magnetic the time, can suppress the crest voltage of induced voltage, so the present invention can provide the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that is suitable for vehicle traction.

In addition, according to the present invention, owing to can in the crest voltage that suppresses induced voltage, strengthen the basic wave composition of induced voltage, so the present invention can provide the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that is suitable for vehicle traction.

In addition, according to the present invention, owing in the high rotation of tolerance, can effectively utilize the magnetic flux of permanent magnet, so the present invention can provide the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that is suitable for vehicle traction.

Further again, according to the present invention, the interior all sides that can be provided in rotor have the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine in space.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of expression as the circuit structure of the inverter of embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of expression use as the hybrid vehicle of the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is the figure of expression as the stream of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet of the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 is the distribution map of expression as the radially composition of the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet of the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is the figure of expression induction voltage waveform.

Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram of torque.

Fig. 9 is the comparison diagram of the basic wave of induced voltage peak value and induced voltage.

Figure 10 is the performance plot as the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 11 is the performance plot as the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 12 is the performance plot as the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 13 is the performance plot as the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 14 is the performance plot as the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 15 is the performance plot of expression as the motor generator of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 16 is used to illustrate that the stress of centrifugal force relaxes the figure of structure.

Figure 17 is the figure that is used to illustrate the effect that the shape of non magnetic portion is related.

Figure 18 is the figure that is used to illustrate the effect that the shape of non magnetic portion is related.

Figure 19 is the figure that is used to illustrate the effect that the shape of non magnetic portion is related.

Figure 20 is the figure that is used to illustrate the effect that the shape of non magnetic portion is related.

Figure 21 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of variation of the present invention.

Figure 22 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of variation of the present invention.

Figure 23 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of variation of the present invention.

Figure 24 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of variation of the present invention.

Figure 25 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of variation of the present invention.

Figure 26 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator of variation of the present invention.

Figure 27 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator MG1 of another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 28 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator MG1 of another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 29 is as the angle of release in the concentrated winding motor generator of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention and the graph of a relation of induction voltage waveform.

Figure 30 is the key diagram that presses down sharp rate of induction voltage waveform shown in Figure 29.

Figure 31 is the key diagram of effective value of the per unit magnet of induction voltage waveform shown in Figure 29.

Figure 32 is in the concentrated winding motor generator that is illustrated in as 20 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention, and angle of release angle θ is made as the sectional view of the structure under the situation of electric angle 130 degree.

Figure 33 is in the concentrated winding motor generator that is illustrated in as 20 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention, and angle of release angle θ is made as the sectional view of the structure under the situation of electric angle 155 degree.

Figure 34 is the block diagram of structure of drive source of the hybrid vehicle of the expression motor generator MG1 that uses another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 35 is the magnetic figure of the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth in another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 36 is the magnetic figure of the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 10 utmost points, 12 teeth in another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 37 is the key component amplification sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator MG1 of another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 38 is as the angle of release in the concentrated winding motor generator of 16 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention and the graph of a relation of induction voltage waveform.

Among the figure:

The 10-stator, 11-stator core, 11b-tooth core, 12-stator winding, 20-rotor, 21-rotor core, 22-permanent magnet, the non magnetic portion of 24-, 27-magnetic circuit portion, 28-bridge portion.

Embodiment

Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the invention are described.

The structure of the vehicle of the motor generator (motor generator) that uses present embodiment at first, is described according to Fig. 4.In the present embodiment, be that example describes with mixed power electric car with 2 different dynamic sources.

The mixed power electric car of present embodiment is a four-wheel driving type, constitutes by engine ENG and motor generator MG1 as internal combustion engine and drives front-wheel FLW, FRW; Drive trailing wheel RLW, RRW by motor generator MG2.Though present embodiment explanation be by engine ENG and motor generator MG1 drive front-wheel FLW, FRW, by the situation that motor generator MG2 drives trailing wheel RLW, RRW, also can drive front-wheel FLW, FRW by motor generator MG1; Drive trailing wheel RLW, RRW by engine ENG and motor generator MG2.

Variable-speed motor T/M is by the front-wheel axletree FDS mechanical connection of differential gear FDF and front-wheel FLW, FRW.Motor generator MG1 and engine ENG are by power splitting mechanism PSM and variable-speed motor T/M mechanical connection.Power splitting mechanism PSM is the synthetic and mechanism that distributes that is responsible for rotary driving force.The AC side of inverter INV is electrically connected with the stator winding of motor generator MG1.Inverter INV is the power inverter device that direct current is converted to three-phase alternating current, is used to control the driving of motor generator MG1.Battery BAT is electrically connected with the DC side of inverter INV.

Motor generator MG2 is by the axletree of rear wheel RDS mechanical connection of differential gear RDF and reductor RG and trailing wheel RLW, RRW.The AC side of inverter INV is electrically connected with the stator winding of motor generator MG2.Here, inverter INV is general for motor generator MG1, MG2, and it comprises: power module PMU1 that motor generator MG1 uses and driving circuit device DCU1; Power module PMU2 that motor generator MG2 uses and driving circuit device DCU2; And, control device of electric motor MCU.

Starter STR is installed on the engine ENG.Starter STR is the starting drive that is used to start engine ENG.

Engine controller ECU according to the input signal from transducer and other control systems etc., calculates the controlling value of each assembly machine (air throttle, the Fuelinjection nozzle etc.) action be used to make engine ENG.This controlling value is used as control signal and outputs in the drive unit of each assembly machine of engine ENG.Thus, the action of each assembly machine of engine ENG is controlled.

The action of variable-speed motor T/M is controlled by variable-speed motor control device TCU.Variable-speed motor control device TCU according to the input signal from transducer and other control systems etc., calculates the controlling value that is used to make the gear action.This controlling value is used as control signal and outputs in the drive unit of gear.Thus, the action of the gear of variable-speed motor T/M is controlled.

Battery BAT is that cell voltage is the above high-voltage lithium ion batteries of 200v, discharges and recharges with life-span etc. to be managed by battery control device BCU.In order to manage discharging and recharging and life-span etc. of battery, the magnitude of voltage of battery BAT and current value etc. are imported among the battery control device BCU.In addition,, also be mounted with the A-battery that cell voltage is 12v, use the power supply of power supply, sound equipment and the illumination etc. of action control system as battery though omit in the diagram.

Engine controller ECU, variable-speed motor control device TCU, control device of electric motor MCU and battery control device BCU are electrically connected mutually by vehicle mounted local area network (LAN) LAN, and simultaneously, GCU is electrically connected with composite control apparatus.Thus, can carry out two-way signaling between each control device and transmit, can realize sharing of mutual information transmission, detected value etc.Composite control apparatus GCU is according to the transport condition of the vehicle device to each control device output instruction signal.Composite control apparatus GCU for example, according to throttle tread-on quantity based on driver's acceleration request, calculate the necessary torque value of vehicle, should necessity torque value, so that the good mode of the running efficiency of engine ENG, be assigned as the output torque value of engine ENG side and the output torque value of motor generator MG1 side, the output torque value of the engine ENG side of distributing is outputed among the engine controller ECU as the engine torque command signal, the output torque value of the motor generator MG1 side of distributing is outputed among the control device of electric motor MCU as the motor torque command signal.

Below, the action of the hybrid vehicle of present embodiment is described.

Mixed power electric car drives front-wheel FLW, FRW by motor generator MG1 when starting, when low speed is walked (the walking zone that the operating efficiency of engine ENG (fuel consumption) is low).In addition, though present embodiment is that mixed power electric car is described by the situation of motor generator MG1 driving front-wheel FLW, FRW when starting, when low speed is walked, but also can be to drive front-wheel FLW, FRW, drive trailing wheel RLW, RRW (can be the four-wheel drive walking) by motor generator MG2 by motor generator MG1.Inverter INV supplies with direct current by battery BAT.The direct current that is supplied to converts three-phase alternating current to by inverter INV.The three-phase alternating current that obtains thus is fed in the stator winding of motor generator MG1.Thereby motor generator MG1 is driven, and produces rotation output.This rotation output is input among the variable-speed motor T/M by power splitting mechanism PSM.Variable-speed motor T/M speed change is passed through in the rotation output of input, and is imported among the differential gear FDF.About the rotation output of input is distributed to by differential gear FDF, on the front-wheel axletree FDS about being delivered to respectively.Thus, front-wheel axletree FDS is driven in rotation.And front-wheel FLW, FRW are driven and are driven in rotation by the rotation of front-wheel axletree FDS.

Mixed power electric car (situation of walking on the road surface in drying, and in the good walking zone of engine ENG operating efficiency (fuel consumption)) when common walking drives front-wheel FLW, FRW by engine ENG.Therefore, the rotation of engine ENG output is imported among the variable-speed motor T/M by power splitting mechanism PSM.The rotation output of input is passed through variable-speed motor T/M and speed change, and the rotation output of speed change is delivered on the front-wheel axletree FDS by differential gear FDF.Thus, front-wheel FLW, FRW are just driven by the WH-F rotation.In addition, detect under the charged state of battery BAT, the situation that battery BAT is charged, the rotation output of engine ENG is distributed to motor generator MG1 by power splitting mechanism PSM, and motor generator MG1 is rotated driving at needs.Thus, motor generator MG1 is as generator action.By this action, on the stator winding of motor generator MG1, will produce three-phase alternating current.The three-phase alternating current of this generation is converted into the direct current of regulation by inverter INV.Be fed into battery BAT by this direct current that is converted to.Battery BAT obtains charging thus.

(walking is in the situation of the road of snowy low μ such as road, and the good walking zone of the operating efficiency of engine ENG (fuel consumption)) drove trailing wheel RLW, RRW by motor generator MG2 when mixed power electric car was walked in four-wheel drive.In addition, same with above-mentioned common walking, drive front-wheel FLW, FRW by engine ENG.In addition, can cause the reserve of electricity of battery BAT to reduce, so same with above-mentioned common walking, the rotation output by engine ENG is rotated driving to motor generator MG1, comes battery BAT is charged owing to drive motor generator MG1.In order to drive trailing wheel RLW, RRW by motor generator MG2, direct current is fed into inverter INV from battery BAT.The direct current of being supplied with is converted into three-phase alternating current by inverter INV, and the alternating current that obtains by this conversion is fed on the stator winding of motor generator MG2.Thus, motor generator MG2 is driven, and produces rotation output.After the rotation output that produces is decelerated machine RG deceleration, be input among the differential gear RDF.About the rotation output of input is distributed to by differential gear FDF, and on the axletree of rear wheel RDS about being delivered to respectively.Thus, axletree of rear wheel RDS is driven in rotation.And trailing wheel RLW, RRW are owing to the rotation driving of axletree of rear wheel RDS is driven in rotation.

Mixed power electric car drives front-wheel FLW, FRW by engine ENG and motor generator MG1 when quickening.In addition, though present embodiment is that mixed power electric car is described by the situation of engine ENG and motor generator MG1 driving front-wheel FLW, FRW when quickening, but also can drive front-wheel FLW, FRW, drive trailing wheel RLW, RRW (can implement the four-wheel drive walking) by motor generator MG2 by engine ENG and motor generator MG1.The rotation output of engine ENG and motor generator MG1 is imported among the variable-speed motor T/M by power splitting mechanism PSM.The rotation output of input is by variable-speed motor T/M speed change.The rotation output of speed change is delivered on the front-wheel axletree FDS by differential gear FDF.Thus, front-wheel FLW, FRW are driven in rotation.

Mixed power electric car regeneration when (regeneration) (touch on the brake, the pine tar door or when slowing down when stopping to trample throttle etc.), by front-wheel axletree FDS, differential gear FDF, variable-speed motor T/M, power splitting mechanism PSM, the revolving force of front-wheel FLW, FRW is delivered among the motor generator MG1, and MG1 is rotated driving to motor generator.Thus, motor generator MG1 is as generator action.By this action, on the stator winding of motor generator MG1, can produce three-phase alternating current.The three-phase alternating current of this generation is converted to the direct current of regulation by inverter INV.The direct current that obtains by this conversion is fed among the battery BAT.Thus, battery BAT just is recharged.On the other hand, by axletree of rear wheel RDS, differential gear RDF, reductor RG, the revolving force of trailing wheel RLW, RRW is delivered to motor generator MG2, MG2 is rotated driving to motor generator.Thus, motor generator MG2 is as generator action.By this action, on the stator winding of motor generator MG2, can produce three-phase alternating current.The three-phase alternating current of this generation is converted to the direct current of regulation by inverter INV.The direct current that is obtained by this conversion is fed into battery BAT.Thus, battery BAT just is recharged.

Fig. 3 represents the structure of present embodiment inverter INV.

Inverter INV is made of power module PMU1, PMU2, driving circuit device DCU1, DCU2 and control device of electric motor MCU as mentioned above.Power module PMU1, PMU2 are the modules of same structure.Driving circuit device DCU1, DCU2 are the devices of same structure.

Power module PMU1, PMU2, formation will convert alternating current to from the direct current that battery BAT supplies with, and offer the change-over circuit (also claiming main circuit) of motor generator MG1, the MG2 corresponding with it.In addition, the alternating current that change-over circuit also can be supplied with motor generator MG1, the MG2 from correspondence converts direct current to, supplies with battery BAT.

Change-over circuit is a bridge circuit, and the series circuit of three-phase is electrically connected between the side of the positive electrode of battery BAT and negative side in parallel.Series circuit is also referred to as arm (arm), is made of 2 semiconductor elements.

Arm is gone up mutually at each, all is that the electric power semiconductor element of upper arm side and the electric power semiconductor element of underarm side are electrically connected to form in the mode of connecting.In the present embodiment, as electric power semiconductor element, used IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) as the switching semiconductor element.Constitute the semiconductor chip of IGBT, comprising: these 3 electrodes of collector electrode, emitter and grid.Between the collector and emitter of IGBT, be electrically connected with the diode that another sheet is different from IGBT.Is the mode of forward to make from the emitter of IGBT towards the direction of collector electrode, is electrically connected diode between the emitter and collector of IGBT.In addition, as electric power semiconductor element, do not use IGBT sometimes and be to use MOSFET (MOS type field-effect transistor).Diode can be omitted in this case.

Emitter by electric power semiconductor element Tpu1 is electrically connected in the mode of connecting with the collector electrode of electric power semiconductor element Tnu1, constitutes the u phase arm of power module PMU1.V phase arm, w phase arm also with u mutually arm constitute equally, the emitter by electric power semiconductor element Tpv1 is electrically connected in the mode of connecting with the collector electrode of electric power semiconductor element Tnv1, constitutes the v phase arm of power module PMU1; Emitter by electric power semiconductor element Tpw1 is electrically connected in the mode of connecting with the collector electrode of electric power semiconductor element Tnw1, constitutes the w phase arm of power module PMU1.For power module PMU2, also be to constitute each arm mutually with the same annexation of above-mentioned power module PMU1.

The collector electrode of electric power semiconductor element Tpu1, Tpv1, Tpw1, Tpu2, Tpv2, Tpw2 is electrically connected with the hot side (side of the positive electrode) of battery BAT.The emitter of electric power semiconductor element Tnu1, Tnv1, Tnw1, Tnu2, Tnv2, Tnw2 is electrically connected with the low potential side (negative side) of battery BAT.

The mid point (coupling part of the emitter of the upper arm side electric power semiconductor element of each arm and the collector electrode of underarm side electric power semiconductor element) of the u phase arm of power module PMU1 (v phase arm, w phase arm) is with the u stator winding electrical connection of (v phase, w phase) mutually of motor generator MG1.

The mid point (coupling part of the emitter of the upper arm side electric power semiconductor element of each arm and the collector electrode of underarm side electric power semiconductor element) of the u phase arm of power module PMU2 (v phase arm, w phase arm) is with the u stator winding electrical connection of (v phase, w phase) mutually of motor generator MG2.

Change for the direct voltage that suppresses to produce owing to electric power semiconductor element work between the side of the positive electrode and negative side of battery BAT, is electrically connected with the electrolytic capacitor SEC of level and smooth usefulness.

Driving circuit device DCU1, DCU2, according to the control signal of being exported from control device of electric motor MCU, output makes the drive signal of each electric power semiconductor element work of power module PMU1, PMU2, and constitutes the drive division that makes each electric power semiconductor element work.Circuit block by insulated power supplies, interface circuit, drive circuit, sensor circuit and buffer circuits (all omitting diagram) etc. constitutes.

Control device of electric motor MCU is the arithmetic unit that is made of microcomputer, and it imports a plurality of input signals, and is used to make the control signal of each electric power semiconductor element work of power module PMU1, PMU2 to driving circuit device DSU1, DSU2 output.Torque instruction value τ * 1, τ * 2, electric current detect signal iu1～iw1, iu2～iw2, position of magnetic pole detects signal θ 1, θ 2, are used as the input signal input.

Torque instruction value τ * 1, τ * are the values of being exported by host control device according to the driving mode of vehicle.Torque instruction value τ * 1 is corresponding with motor generator MG1, and torque instruction value τ * 2 is corresponding with motor generator MG2.Electric current detects signal iu1～iw1, be u phase～w phase of supplying with to the stator winding of motor generator MG1 from the change-over circuit of inverter INV input current detect signal, be the signal that detects by current transformer current sensors such as (CT).Electric current detects signal iu2～iw2, be u phase～w phase of supplying with to the stator winding of motor generator MG2 from inverter INV input current detect signal, be the signal that detects by current transformer current sensors such as (CT).Position of magnetic pole detects signal θ 1, be motor generator MG1 rotation position of magnetic pole detect signal, be the signal that detects by magnetic pole position transducers such as phase splitter, encoder, Hall element, Hall IC.Position of magnetic pole detects signal θ 2, be motor generator MG2 rotation position of magnetic pole detect signal, be the signal that detects by magnetic pole position transducers such as phase splitter, encoder, Hall element, Hall IC.

Control device of electric motor MCU, according to input signal calculating voltage controlling value, with the control signal (pwm signal (pulse-width signal)) of this voltage controling value, export to driving circuit device DCU1, DCU2 as the electric power semiconductor element Tpu1～Tnw1 that is used to make power module PMU1, PMU2, Tpu2～Tnw2 action.

In general, in the pwm signal of control device of electric motor MCU output, the voltage behind the time average forms sine wave.Because in this case, the maximum output voltage of moment is as the voltage on the AC line of the input of converter, so under the sine wave output voltage condition, its effective value just is 1/ √ 2.Therefore, in the hybrid vehicle of the present invention,, will increase the effective value of the input voltage of motor for the output that further improves motor with the inverter that limits.That is, the pwm signal of MCU is wanted rectangular hummock to become to have only ON and OFF.So, the peak value of square wave is the voltage Vdc of the AC line of converter just, and its effective value is Vdc just.This is the method that can improve voltage effective value.

But square-wave voltage in the problem of low rotation number zone meeting existence owing to the little current waveform confusion that causes of inductance (inductance), can produce unwanted exciting force on the motor thus and send noise.Therefore, only when high speed rotating, just use square-wave voltage control, and carry out common PWM control with low frequency.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 represent the structure of present embodiment motor generator MG1.

In the present embodiment, describe as example as the situation of motor generator MG1 to use embedded permanent-magnet formula three-phase alternating current synchronous motor.In addition, describe though present embodiment is a structure to motor generator MG1, motor generator MG2 also is identical structure.

As shown in Figure 2, the motor generator MG1 of present embodiment is by stator 10; Constitute across the space 30 relative rotors that dispose and rotatably kept 20 with interior all sides at this stator 10.Stator 10 and rotor 20 are maintained in the housing.Housing is omitted in diagram.

Stator 10 comprises: stator core 11 and stator winding 12.Stator core 11 is with a plurality of magnetics, the part that forms at the direction of principal axis superimposed layer of a plurality of silicon steel plates for example, by yoke portion (also claiming the core back of the body (core back) portion) and tooth portion (also claiming protuberance or salient pole portion) formation.Yoke portion is by yoke core 11a cylindraceous (also the claiming the core back of the body) formation of the interior all sides that are entrenched in housing.Tooth portion, outstanding from interior all sides of yoke core 11a along the footpath direction, by constituting with the most in a circumferential direction a plurality of tooth core 11b that dispose of predetermined distance.In the present embodiment, the interior all sides at yoke core 11a form 48 tooth core 11b.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the number of poles that obtains magnetic pole of the stator is the stator 10 of 48 utmost points.

Be formed with 48 grooves 13 between each adjacent tooth core 11b, they have the 13a of channel opening portion continuously and in rotor 20 1 sides on direction of principal axis.Be provided with slot liner (diagram is omitted) in 48 grooves 13, a plurality of phase windings of the u phase～w phase that constitutes stator winding 12 are installed.In the present embodiment, as the winding method of stator winding 12, having adopted distributes twines.Here, distribute twining is following winding mode,, crosses over mode in the groove 13 that a plurality of grooves 13 are housed in 2 separation with phase winding that is, and phase winding is wrapped in the stator core 11.Because present embodiment adopt to distribute twines as winding mode, therefore can effectively utilize weak excitation control and reluctance torque, not only to low rotary speed, can also control rotation number scope until the broad of high rotation speed.

Rotor 20 comprises: rotor core 21 and permanent magnet 22.Rotor core 21 is a plurality of circular magnetics, the part that forms at the direction of principal axis superimposed layer of a plurality of circular silicon steel plates for example.At the peripheral part of rotor core 21, be formed with 8 permanent magnet patchholes 29, they are equally spaced disposed in a circumferential direction, and it is distolateral to extend through axial opposite side from an axial side side.Because before lamination on the same area of the peripheral part of each circular silicon steel plate, be formed with the peristome of identical shaped, same size, similar number, so after with circular silicon steel plate lamination, will inevitably form each permanent magnet patchhole 29.

For each magnetic pole, permanent magnet patchhole 29 all is divided into 2 parts in a circumferential direction.Each magnetic pole by the 2 permanent magnet patchholes of cutting apart 29 between be provided with bridge portion 28, it with rotary core 21 parts that are in stator 10 sides of permanent magnet patchhole 29, with rotary core 21 parts of the central shaft side that is in rotor 20 of permanent magnet patchhole 29, mechanically couple together.Bridge portion 28 is same with permanent magnet patchhole 29, is provided with continuously on direction of principal axis.

Be inserted with permanent magnet 22 in each permanent magnet patchhole 29.Thereby, can obtain at the inner rotor 20 that embeds 8 permanent magnets 22 of the outer circumferential side of rotor core 21.That is to say that in the present embodiment, the number of poles that can obtain rotor magnetic pole is the rotor 20 of 8 utmost points.Like this, in the present embodiment,, therefore can increase by 20 pairs of centrifugal intensity of forces of rotor, obtain being suitable for the motor generator MG1 of high speed rotating because the inside of rotor core 21 has embedded permanent magnet 22.

For each magnetic pole, permanent magnet 22 is inserted in the permanent magnet patchhole 29 after also consistently being split into 2 parts in a circumferential direction with permanent magnet patchhole 29.Permanent magnet 22 is alternately inserted S utmost point magnet and N utmost point magnet in a circumferential direction in permanent magnet patchhole 29, make in the magnetic pole unit adjacent magnet reversed polarity (being same magnetic in the same pole) each other each other.。Thus, on rotor core 21 parts between each adjacent permanent magnet 22, form auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25.Auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25 is to constitute the part that the magnetic circuit of permanent magnet 22 is got around the magnetic circuit of (bypass), is the zone that directly makes generation magnetic flux on rotor 20 sides by the magnetomotive force of stator 10.In addition, on rotor core 21 parts of the outer circumferential side of each permanent magnet 22, form pole piece portion 26.Pole piece portion 26 is the zones that constitute the magnetic circuit that the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 22 passes through.

In the present embodiment, owing to can effectively utilize the torque that magnetic flux produced of permanent magnet 22 and these both sides of the reluctance torque that magnetic flux produced by auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25, therefore can improve the efficient of motor generator MG1.In addition, in the present embodiment, owing to can therefore can enlarge the high rotational speed region of motor generator MG1 by the weak excitation of auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25 controls.Have again, in the present embodiment,, therefore can relax the pulsation magnetic flux of magnetic pole of the stator because pole piece portion 26 is magnetics.

As permanent magnet 22, can use bonded permanent magnet of the sintered magnet of neodymium class or ferrimagnet, neodymium class etc.The relict flux density of permanent magnet 22 approximately is about 0.4～1.2T.Permanent magnet 22 is magnetized substantially diametrically.In a circumferential direction by the direction of magnetization of 2 two permanent magnets 22 cutting apart also several identical.

Each utmost point of rotor magnetic pole, opposed with 6 tooth core 11b.That is to say that the relation of the radical of rotor magnetic pole m and tooth core 11b is m: 6m (m is a natural number).

On the circumferencial direction both side ends of the permanent magnet 22 in each rotor magnetic pole, be formed with non magnetic 24 that a pair of space part by magnetic (slit portion) constitutes.Non magnetic 24, it is the part that is used for relaxing the tendency of magnetic flux distribution between the circumferencial direction both ends of permanent magnet 22 of each rotor magnetic pole and the auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25, permanent magnet 22, with the 29 integrated formation of permanent magnet patchhole, when permanent magnet 22 is inserted in the permanent magnet patchhole 29, form with the circumferencial direction end of permanent magnet 22 adjacent.Non magnetic 24 also same with permanent magnet patchhole 29, extends through the opposing party from an axial side.Can in non magnetic 24, fill varnish packing materials such as (varnish).Be provided with non magnetic 24 present embodiment, can reduce cogging torque (cogging torque).In addition, non magnetic 24 formation, the size that the footpath of the magnetic circuit portion 27 that forms on the border of 25 in pole piece portion 26 and auxiliary magnetic pole portion is made progress, the width that makes progress than the footpath of permanent magnet 22 is little, can reduce the leakage flux of permanent magnet 22.In fact, the size that the footpath of magnetic circuit portion 27 makes progress is below half of the width that makes progress of the footpath of permanent magnet 22.

Make trapezoidal shape for non magnetic 24, the length of the central shaft side portion of rotor 20, shorter than its stator 10 side portion.In addition, the 25 skew back limit portions of auxiliary magnetic pole portion of the central shaft side portion that links stator 10 side portion and rotor 20, with stator 10 side portion between on the bight that forms, the r that usefulness has the regulation radius of curvature, it is circular-arc that its shape is become.So, can relax the centrifugal force that the rotation because of rotor 20 brings, act on the central shaft side portion that links stator 10 side portion and rotor 20 25 skew back limit portions of auxiliary magnetic pole portion, with stator 10 side portion between stress on the bight that forms concentrated.

On the rotating shaft of the direction of principal axis one side side of rotor 20, be provided with the position of magnetic pole detector (phase splitter) of magnetic pole (permanent magnet 22) position that is used to detect rotor 20 and be used to detect the encoder of the position of rotor 20.The detecting signal of exporting from them is imported among the control device of electric motor MCU of above-mentioned inverter INV.Inverter INV carries out computing according to the detecting signal of input and the command signal of output such as host control device etc., and control should be applied to the voltage on the stator winding 12 of motor generator MG1.The voltage of inverter INV control is applied on the stator winding 12 of motor generator MG1, and it is driven as motor.

Fig. 5 is illustrated in the stream of the magnetic flux that the permanent magnet 22 of stator winding 12 cold no load condition lower rotor parts 20 produces.When motor generator MG1 is rotated, can produce induced voltage on the stator winding 12 under no load condition.That is to say that induced voltage is to produce like this, that is, the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 22 produces rotating magnetic field by the rotation of rotor 20, while the magnetic flux that brings thus changes and stator winding 12 interlinkages.

Will be clear if observe the stream of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 22 in the pair of magnetic circuits portion 27, though with the approaching part of stator 10 on, magnetic flux goes out to stator 10 sides from rotor 20 sides, but by comparison more on the area inside, magnetic flux is transferred to rotor core 21 inside, do not go out to stator 10 sides, formed leakage flux.

Though in general, because the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 22 is transferred to the S utmost point from the N utmost point, so do not gone out beyond rotor 20 by the magnetic flux that centers on unshakable in one's determination, but by reducing magnetic circuit portion 27 width diametrically, can make the flux density saturation of this part, and can make magnetic flux arrive stator 10 sides by space 30 from rotor 20 sides.Because rotor core 21 is made of iron, so its saturation flux density approximately is 2T.Here, if the relict flux density of permanent magnet 22 is made as about about 1T, when the circumferencial direction width x from the circumferencial direction end of permanent magnet 22 approximately was 2 times of the width y that makes progress of the footpath of magnetic circuit portion 27, the magnetic flux density of magnetic circuit portion 27 will be saturated so.That is to say, if the width on the circumferencial direction of permanent magnet 22 is made as w, then effectively be delivered to the magnetic flux Φ of the permanent magnet 22 of stator 10 sides, is the magnetic flux of the circumferencial direction width segments of the permanent magnet 22 shown in the following relational expression just.

Φ∝w-x＝w-2×y

Permanent magnet 22, than a pair of saturated magnetic circuit portion 27 more in the inner part.Thereby the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 22 of going out from rotor 20 can change according to which position that pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is on the circumferencial direction of rotor 20.

The distribution of the radially composition Br of the magnetic flux density B of the permanent magnet 22 in the space 30 of 1 pole parts of the rotor magnetic pole of Fig. 6 presentation graphs 1.Fig. 6 with the circumferential locations (mechanical angle θ) in the space 30 of 1 pole parts of the rotor magnetic pole of Fig. 1 as transverse axis, with the radially composition Br of the magnetic flux density B of permanent magnet 22 as the longitudinal axis.In addition, in the distribution map of Fig. 6,5 c point places of the distribution of the radially composition Br of the magnetic flux density B of permanent magnet 22 are minimums.This is because this part is corresponding respectively with the position of the 13a of channel opening portion.

By the distribution map of Fig. 6 as can be known, the distribution shape of the radially composition Br of the magnetic flux density B of permanent magnet 22 roughly is trapezoidal shape.And, the A point of the distribution of the radially composition Br of the magnetic flux density B of permanent magnet 22, promptly be equivalent to the position of the part at two trapezoidal base angles, consistent with the circumferential locations of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.According to above situation as can be known, the circumferential locations of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 has determined the magnetic flux distribution of the permanent magnet 22 in the space 30.

Fig. 7 represents the waveform of the induced voltage of induction in the stator winding 12.In addition, Fig. 7 has supposed following situation, that is, the magnetic flux distribution of the permanent magnet 22 in the space 30 is trapezoidal shapes, width C p on the circumferencial direction of the stator winding 12 of 1 magnetic pole of respective rotor magnetic pole is identical with circumferencial direction width (pitch) the τ p of permanent magnet 22.The magnetic flux of interlinkage on stator winding 12 is half cycle partly the integration not of radially composition Br of the magnetic flux density B of permanent magnet 22, is magnetic flux Φ.And the differential of magnetic flux Φ is induced voltage E.In addition, the time diffusion of the Φ after the space integral of the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 22 in space 30 is an induced voltage.Therefore, in this case as can be known, the spatial distribution of the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 22 in space 30, the waveform that changes with time of induced voltage are identical.That is to say that the waveform of induced voltage is the projection of the magnetic flux distribution of the permanent magnet 22 in space 30.

According to above situation as can be known, the spatial distribution of the magnetic flux density by changing the permanent magnet 22 in the space 30 can be regulated the waveform of induced voltage.Therefore, in the present embodiment, regulate the smallest radial width segments position in a circumferential direction of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27, just regulated the waveform of induced voltage.Because in aforesaid background technology, be different from present embodiment, be the waveform that decides induced voltage with the circumferencial direction width of the stator side of permanent magnet, so the rotor 20 concerning having pair of nonmagnetic portion 24, can not directly use.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the circumferencial direction width w of permanent magnet 22 with the circumferential locations of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27, is independently to concern.Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is big that the degree of freedom of design becomes, by regulating the circumferencial direction width w of permanent magnet 22, the size that can regulate the basic wave composition of induced voltage.This point is very important feature for the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine that vehicle traction is used.

The loss that drags to motor vehicle driven by mixed power describes.Problem main with regard to dragging loss is, by the magnetic flux and the stator interlinkage of magnet, the iron loss that produces on the core.Since it motor be not used to drive or the situation of generating electricity under also take place, the fuel consumption of vehicle is worsened.Therefore, require in the electric motor for vehicle, dragging loss will lack.

As everyone knows, iron loss roughly is proportional with 1.6～2 powers of magnetic flux density.The length of the average flux density of stator and the circumferencial direction of magnet is proportional.So iron loss is just proportional with 1.6～2 powers of the length of the circumferencial direction of magnet.Therefore,, drag under the situation of loss in hope control so, will choose little magnet width if as in the past, determine the magnet width to regulate induction voltage waveform.This is a prior art problems.

Embedding the torque of magnet type motor, is the sum total of magnet torque and reluctance torque.Though the magnet torque as mentioned above, proportional with the magnet width, reluctance torque is the difference generation by the longitudinal axis (d axle) inductance L d and transverse axis (q axle) inductance L q.For embedding the magnet motor, generally satisfy Lq＞Ld.This is because the magnetic susceptibility of magnet almost equates with air, so very big as the magnetic resistance of the d axle inductance of magnet direction.On the other hand, q axle inductance is the magnetic flux that flows on the auxiliary salient pole between magnet.Therefore, if magnet is little, just can not reduce the axial magnetic resistance of d, thereby can not reduce d axle inductance.So, reluctance torque becomes very little sometimes.

And on the other hand,, can keep d axle inductance less, so can keep the reluctance torque that difference in inductance produced bigger by d axle and q axle because among the present invention, it is bigger that the angle of release of the minimum magnetic circuit portion that will be formed by non magnetic of magnet two ends is obtained.In the method shown in No. the 3508887th, the patent, though there is less magnetic gap at the two ends of magnet, but it is to be used for the supplementary structure that the stress of magnet ends relaxes on earth, with as the present invention, makes its enough big the present invention that in essence difference is arranged for giving full play to reluctance torque.Among the present invention, from the bight of magnet line part is arranged, its front end is provided with angle R, and the regulation bight comprises the invention main points of curvature, and is different with it.

In order to coordinate, must design optimal motor generator MG1 to different vehicle with engine ENG.Therefore, the rotor structure as the present embodiment is extremely important.For example, because different with rotation number zone in the passenger car in commercial car, so inductive voltage value also can change, the actuating force share rate between motor generator MG1 and the engine ENG also can change.Therefore, for each engine, need a little different motor generator MG1.In the middle of above-mentioned background technology, because the circumferential locations of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion, consistent with the circumferencial direction width of the stator side of permanent magnet, so the ratio of useful flux is also determined that uniquely design freedom is very little.But, in the present embodiment, the circumferencial direction width w of permanent magnet 22, with position on the circumferencial direction of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 be independence, so can decide the ratio (size of the basic wave composition of induced voltage) of useful flux with the circumferencial direction width w of permanent magnet 22, decide the peak value of induced voltage with the circumferential locations of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27, the degree of freedom of design is very big.

In vehicle,, be very important so obtain higher output by small and light system as far as possible because spendable electric power is limited in the car.Fig. 8 represents the desired speed-torque characteristics of hybrid vehicle drive motor.Compare with common servomotor etc., this motor is required low speed and big torque, and need be until keeping high output at a high speed.

The stator winding 12 of motor generator MG1 with the Y junction style wiring of getting neutral point, and is electrically connected with the electric power semiconductor element of the power module PMU1 of inverter INV.Therefore, when design motor generator MG1, need to consider withstand voltage to induced voltage of electric power semiconductor element and capacitor SEC, avoid occurring when unusual or vehicle when sliding, dragged by wheel and the induced voltage that produces surpasses the withstand voltage of theirs.Especially, the withstand voltage peak value decision by induced voltage of electric power semiconductor element can not surmount when unusual even occur.In addition, electric power semiconductor element has current capacity, and the external dimensions of the electric power semiconductor element that rated current is little is also very little.For hybrid vehicle, lightweight is very important, thereby preferably utilizes the little electric power semiconductor element of rated current, so current capacity also can be restricted.

On the other hand, though in order to obtain high output, in the motor generator MG1 that uses permanent magnet, need to use effectively to greatest extent the magnetic flux of permanent magnet, but because in a single day the magnetic flux of permanent magnet increases, induced voltage also can increase, so need the restriction induced voltage.The waveform of induced voltage does not rely on the rotation number of motor generator MG1, and the rotation number of the amplitude of induced voltage and motor generator MG1 is proportional.Because being the crest voltage of induced voltage, electric power semiconductor element withstand voltage determine, so in the middle of practical design, need carry out such design, the peak value of restriction induced voltage when the maximum rotation of motor generator MG1.As shown in Figure 9, the crest voltage value of the basic wave of induced voltage and induced voltage is keeping necessarily increasing pro rata than the rotation number with electric rotating machine.

In addition, the output of motor generator MG1 becomes sharing proportion with the basic wave of the voltage and current of importing from inverter INV.Though it is radio-frequency component forms pulsation, irrelevant with average output.In addition, under the situation of the motor generator MG1 that uses permanent magnet, torque and electric current are proportional.Therefore, if the peak value of induced voltage is very big with the ratio of the basic wave of induced voltage, then the basic wave of induced voltage must be designed lower.The motor generator MG1 that is used for hybrid vehicle, need low speed and export big torque, yet if the restriction of the induced voltage during by high speed restricts than the voltage of the basic wave of the induced voltage of lowland design motor generator MG1, then the voltage of supplying with from inverter INV when low speed will step-down, and the electric current of supplying with from inverter INV will become big.Therefore, can not use the electric power semiconductor element of small-sized light weight.Therefore, in the present embodiment, improved the voltage of the basic wave of induced voltage as far as possible, and suppressed the crest voltage of induced voltage lower.

In the present embodiment, by test, confirmed to improve as far as possible induced voltage basic wave voltage and the crest voltage of induced voltage can be suppressed lower optimum size.Its result is illustrated among Figure 10 to Figure 15.With regard to motor generator MG1, the number of poles of the magnetic pole of rotor 20 is 8; The number of the tooth core 11b (groove 13) of stator 20 is 48; The angle of each magnetic pole of rotor magnetic pole is 45 ° of mechanical angles.To this, the angle of release angle θ (to the angle of release angle (mechanical angle) of the central shaft of rotor 20) of circumferential locations that changes the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 calculates the waveform of induced voltage.

Figure 10 and Figure 11, be circumferencial direction width with stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 with respect to the angle Φ that rotor 20 central shafts are, be made as 0.7 times the situation of angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.According to Figure 10 as can be known, be under 32 ° to 34 ° the situation at the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27, the crest voltage value of induced voltage uprises, and be that the crest voltage value of induced voltage is suppressed lessly under the situation of 28 ° and 42 ° at the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.In addition, at this moment, the angle Φ of the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 is 19.6 ° and 29.4 °.

Figure 11 represents the ratio (pressing down sharp rate) of basic wave composition and the peak value of induced voltage of the induced voltage of Figure 10.It is big more to press down sharp rate, and the ratio that contains of the basic wave of induced voltage is big more, can strengthen the voltage of the basic wave composition of induced voltage.As shown in Figure 11, when the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is 28 ° and 42 °, the basic wave of induced voltage to contain proportional change big.

Figure 12 and Figure 13 are with the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of the permanent magnet 22 angle Φ that central shaft was with respect to rotor 20, are made as 0.8 times the situation of angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.In this case, when the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 was 26 °～28 ° and 38 °～42 °, the crest voltage value of induced voltage was suppressed lessly, presses down sharp rate and also becomes big.In addition, at this moment, the angle Φ of the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 is 20.8 °～22.4 °, 30.4 °～33.6

Figure 14 and Figure 15 are with the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of the permanent magnet 22 angle Φ that central shaft was with respect to rotor 20, are made as 0.9 times the situation of angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.In this case, when the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 was 26 ° and 38 °～42 °, the crest voltage value of induced voltage was suppressed lessly, presses down sharp rate and also becomes big.In addition, at this moment, the angle Φ of the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 is 23.4 °, 34.2 °～37.8 °.

In addition, if with the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 the angle Φ that central shaft was with respect to rotor 20, if must be than the 0.7 times also little of angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27, the useful flux of permanent magnet 22 will too reduce so.On the other hand, if than 0.9 times big, the effect of pair of nonmagnetic portion 24 will become too small so.Therefore, in order to be met the motor generator MG1 of the characteristic that is suitable for driving hybrid vehicle, preferably with the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 the angle Φ that central shaft was, be made as 0.7 times～0.9 times of angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 with respect to rotor 20.Most preferably, be 0.85 times of the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.

In sum, in order to be met the motor generator MG1 of the characteristic that is suitable for driving hybrid vehicle, the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 can be made as 26 °～28 ° or 38 °～42 °, with the circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 the angle Φ that central shaft was, be made as 19.6 °～23.4 ° or 29.4 °～37.8 ° with respect to rotor 20.

In addition, above-mentioned angle all is a mechanical angle.When representing them,,, they get final product so being become 4 times because the number of magnetic poles of rotor 20 is 8 utmost points with electric angle.According to as can be known above, the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is 152 °～168 ° of 104 °～112 ° of electric angles or electric angles.The circumferencial direction width of stator 20 sides of permanent magnet 22 is with respect to the angle Φ that central shaft was of rotor 20, is exactly 72.8 °～100.8 ° of electric angles or 106.4 °～151.2 °.

In addition, if the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is become general expression, just can represent by following formula.

(n is a natural number)

In addition, τ s is the circumferencial direction pitch between the central shaft of adjacent tooth core 11a, and expression is to the angle that central shaft was of rotor 20.

In the middle of the explanation of above present embodiment, though the motor generator MG1 to 8 utmost points, 48 grooves is illustrated, but the relation in the number of the number of poles m of the magnetic pole of rotor 20 and tooth core 11a is m: in the electric rotating machine of 6m (m is a natural number), above-mentioned angle is always set up equally.

Because it is hybrid vehicle drives the motor generator MG1 of usefulness, maximum with the high speed rotating about 10000rpm, so enough intensity need be arranged the centrifugal force that acts on rotor.Do not cutting apart as in the past in the permanent magnet type electric rotary machine of permanent magnet, as the left side of Figure 16, centrifugal force acts on the direction of arrow permanent magnet, in the magnetic circuit portion 27 of the concentrated size minimum diametrically of stress.Though from the angle of magnetic, preferably reduce the radial width y of magnetic circuit portion 27,, restrict owing to be subjected to this machinery, so can not make magnetic circuit portion 27 too narrow to reduce the leakage flux of permanent magnet.Therefore, in the rotor structure in the past, the leakage flux of the permanent magnet in the magnetic circuit portion 27 is a lot, and the torque of electric rotating machine is corresponding to diminish.

Relative therewith, in the present embodiment, the magnetic pole unit according to rotor 20 is divided into 2 parts in a circumferential direction with permanent magnet 22, and above-mentioned bridge portion 28 is set between them, has relaxed stress and has concentrated.Here, the centrifugal force on will acting on magnetic circuit portion 27 is made as F, the weight of permanent magnet 22 is made as m, when the rotation number of rotor 20 is made as N, just has

F∝1/2mN2

If the radial width of magnetic circuit portion 27 is made as y, the stress S that acts on so in the magnetic circuit portion 27 just is,

S∝1/y。

Owing to permanent magnet 22 is being divided in a circumferential direction under the situation of 2 parts, the weight of permanent magnet 22 becomes half, so centrifugal force F also can become half.Thereby,, can make the radial width of magnetic circuit portion 27 become half if keep stress F under the centrifugal force equally.

In addition, if the saturation flux density of rotor core 21 is made as 2T, the relict flux density of permanent magnet 22 is made as 1T, in magnetic circuit portion 27, the magnetic flux of 2 times the permanent magnet circumferencial direction width segments of the radial width y of magnetic circuit portion 27 will leak in rotor core 21 inside so.This leakage field is in the two ends on the circumferencial direction of permanent magnet 22.If consider the relational expression of the useful flux Φ of above-mentioned permanent magnet 22, in permanent magnet type electric rotary machine in the past, useful flux Φ 1 just is so

Φ1∝w-2×(2×y)＝w-4×y。

On the other hand, in the motor generator MG1 of present embodiment, the magnetic flux of permanent magnet also can leak in bridge portion 28.Here, be y/2 if establish the circumferencial direction width of bridge portion 28, among the motor generator MG1 of present embodiment, useful flux Φ 2 just is so

Φ2∝w-3×(2×y/2)＝w-3×y。

Its result, among the motor generator MG1 of present embodiment, the leakage flux of permanent magnet 22 can reduce.Thus, in the present embodiment, can when concentrating, the stress that mitigation centrifugal force causes obtain to be higher than the output of existing permanent magnet type electric rotary machine.

In addition, in the present embodiment,, in fact can subtract forr a short time though the circumferencial direction width of bridge portion 28 is made as y/2.That is to say that the stress that acts in the magnetic circuit portion 27 is bending stress, on the other hand, the stress that acts in the bridge portion 28 is tensile stress.As the characteristic of metal material, draw and stretch the strength ratio bending strength and want big.Therefore, the circumferencial direction width of actual bridge portion 28 can be littler than the radial width of magnetic circuit portion 27.

In addition, because the saturable magnetic circuit of bridge portion 28 is longer, so even identical magnetic circuit width also can form bigger magnetic resistance than magnetic circuit portion 27.Like this, Shi Ji leakage flux will further reduce.In order to strengthen the magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit portion 27, strengthen the length on the circumferencial direction of magnetic circuit portion 27, so, non magnetic portion will increase on the rotor circumference direction of equal valuely, and the part invalid for torque also just increased.In addition, can't guarantee the circumferencial direction width of permanent magnet 22.Therefore, also will increase the method for magnetic resistance when guaranteeing rotor strength, it is effectively adding the length that the footpath of bridge portion 28 makes progress.

In addition, by being set, bridge portion 28 can bring resultant effect.For each system that uses permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, all there is optimum value in the rotor diameter of permanent magnet type electric rotary machine and the stator outer diameter.But,, just must reduce root diameter to weaken centrifugal force if on rotor strength, there is restriction.So, the composite characteristic of permanent magnet rotating machine will reduce.And in the present embodiment,, can improve the composite characteristic of motor generator MG1 by the effect of bridge portion 28.

As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, be made as non magnetic 24 shape trapezoidal.Like this, in the present embodiment, as shown in figure 17,, when limit minister's degree of the central shaft side of rotor 20 is made as b, then have when the limit minister's degree with non magnetic 24 stator 10 sides is made as a

b/a≤1

Its result in the present embodiment, can increase reluctance torque, below uses Figure 17 to Figure 20 that this reason is described.

Reluctance torque is by the difference of the mobile complexity of d axle magnetic flux and q axle magnetic flux and produce.Here, permanent magnet is embedded in the permanent magnet rotating machine of rotor core inside, because the permanent magnet that on the d direction of principal axis, exists the transmitance coefficient almost to equate with air, so d axle magnetic flux is difficult to flow.On the other hand, owing to there is auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25 unshakable in one's determination on the q direction of principal axis, q axle magnetic flux flows easily.

Figure 18 is illustrated in the stream of the magnetic flux under the situation that angle of release angle θ with the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is made as 38 ° of mechanical angles.This magnetic flux is the magnetic flux that electric current produced that flows in stator winding 12, and expression produces the magnetic flux flow under the state that reluctance torque is arranged.The left side of Figure 18 is that the b/a that defines among Figure 17 is 1.0 situation, and the right side is the situation for 0.Since under the situation of b/a=1, the central shaft side of non magnetic 24 rotor 20, approaching with another magnetic pole of adjacency on the circumferencial direction, so the stream of magnetic flux is crooked and magnetic flux density is also very high.Therefore, in the situation in Figure 18 left side, q axle magnetic flux be difficult to by, reluctance torque diminishes with regard to corresponding.On the other hand, because under the situation of b/a=0, non magnetic 24 is cut into triangle, so the stream of magnetic flux is level and smooth, it is many that q axle magnetic flux becomes.Therefore, the situation of b/a=0 is compared with the situation of b/a=1, and reluctance torque increases about 20%.

Figure 19 represents that the angle of release angle θ with the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is made as the magnetic flux flow path under the situation of 28 ° of mechanical angles.The left side of Figure 19 is that the b/a that defines among Figure 17 is 0.8 situation, and the right side is the situation for 0.In this case, reluctance torque is maximum under the situation of b/a=0.8.On the other hand, though under the situation of b/a=0, q axle magnetic flux flows easily, because the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is very little, therefore d axle magnetic flux also flows easily, thereby the amount that d axle magnetic flux increases makes the corresponding minimizing of reluctance torque.

Figure 20 expresses the summary with co-relation.As shown in Figure 20, be made as 38 ° of mechanical angles by angle of release angle θ, and make b/a≤1, can increase reluctance torque the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27.Especially preferably b/a is made as 0～0.3.

In addition, in the present embodiment, as shown in figure 17, non magnetic 24 radial width, than the radial width of permanent magnet patchhole 29 little the amount of z.Thus, form the edge on the both ends of the circumferencial direction of permanent magnet patchhole 29.Thereby, when being inserted into permanent magnet 22 in the permanent magnet patchhole 29, just can effectively utilize this edge, permanent magnet 22 easily is fixed in the permanent magnet patchhole 29.

Figure 21 and Figure 22 represent variation.In this variation, the permanent magnet 22 that is divided into 2 parts on the circumferencial direction is configured in rotor core 21 inside as follows,, makes the magnetic pole center side of the permanent magnet 22 that is divided into 2 parts on the circumferencial direction that is, than more close stator 10 sides of pole end piece side.Can reduce the curvature of magnetic circuit portion 27 thus, further relax stress and concentrate.If be divided into the permanent magnet 22 of 2 parts on the circumferencial direction, be on the straight line or the mediad internal side diameter is formed obliquely the words of V-shape, act on the centrifugal force on the permanent magnet 22 so, just be concentrated in more outer outer circumferential side, the stress of magnetic circuit portion 27 is concentrated become big.But because by tilting in this wise as this example, bridge portion 28 more relies on stator 10 sides than magnetic circuit portion 27, thereby the centrifugal force that magnetic circuit portion 27 and bridge portion 28 are born can further reduce stress and concentrate near evenly.

In addition, in the example of Figure 21, be divided on the circumferencial direction on the magnetic pole center side end of permanent magnet 22 of 2 parts, be formed with non magnetic 40,41 that magnetic gap constitutes.

Figure 23 to Figure 26 represents variation.In the middle of the variation of Figure 23,, also between the circumferencial direction both ends of permanent magnet 22 and non magnetic 24, be provided with bridge portion 44 except bridge portion 28.In the variation of Figure 24, permanent magnet 22 is split into 3 parts in a circumferential direction, is provided with bridge portion 28 each other.In the variation of Figure 25, be provided with bridge portion 44 between the circumferencial direction both ends of permanent magnet 22 and non magnetic 24.In the variation of Figure 26, permanent magnet 22 is configured in rotor core 21 inside as follows, soon the variation of Figure 24 and Figure 21 and Figure 22 similarly are partial to stator 10 sides.Any one variation is by increasing bridge, and the radial width that can both dwindle magnetic circuit portion 27 can increase the useful flux of permanent magnet 22.

Below, utilize Figure 27～Figure 38, illustrate to concentrate winding as another embodiment under the situation of the winding method of stator winding.

At first, utilize Figure 27 and Figure 28, the structure of motor generator MG1 of the concentrated winding of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth under an alternative embodiment of the invention is described.In addition, the circuit structure of inverter is identical with Fig. 3.The structure of the hybrid vehicle of the motor generator of application present embodiment is identical with Fig. 4.

Figure 27 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator MG1 of another embodiment of the present invention.Figure 28 is the sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator MG1 of another embodiment of the present invention, is the amplification sectional view of the key component of Figure 27.

In the present embodiment, to use embedded permanent-magnet formula three-phase alternating current synchronous motor to describe as example as the situation of motor generator MG1.In addition, describe though present embodiment is a structure to motor generator MG1, motor generator MG2 also is identical structure.

As shown in figure 27, the motor generator MG1 of present embodiment is by stator 10; Constitute across space 30 (Figure 28) relative rotor that disposes and rotatably kept 20 with interior all sides at this stator 10.Stator 10 and rotor 20 are maintained in the housing.Housing is omitted in diagram.

Stator 10 comprises: stator core 11 and stator winding 12.Stator core 11 is with a plurality of magnetics, the part that forms at the direction of principal axis superimposed layer of a plurality of silicon steel plates for example, by yoke portion (also claiming the core back) and tooth portion (also claiming protuberance or salient pole portion) formation.Yoke portion is made of the cylindric yoke core 11a (also claiming the core back) of the interior all sides that are entrenched in housing.Tooth portion is radially outstanding from interior all side direction of yoke core 11a, is made of with the most in a circumferential direction tooth core 11b that dispose of predetermined distance a plurality of.In the present embodiment, on interior all sides of yoke core 11a, be formed with 24 tooth core 11b.

Between each adjacent tooth core 11b, be formed with 24 grooves 13 (Figure 28), they have the 13a of channel opening portion (Figure 28) continuously and in rotor 20 sides on direction of principal axis.Be provided with slot liner (diagram is omitted) in 24 grooves 13, a plurality of phase windings of the u phase～w phase that constitutes stator winding 12 are installed.In the present embodiment, as the winding method of stator winding 12, adopted concentrated winding.Here, concentrated winding be a kind of with stator winding concentrate be wrapped in a tooth around mode, it is to be housed in mode in 2 grooves 13 of both sides of tooth with phase winding, makes phase winding be wrapped in winding mode in the stator core 11.In the present embodiment, owing to adopt to concentrate twine, therefore compare with distributing to twine, can shorten the length of the end winding of stator winding, thereby can shorten the length on the direction of principal axis of electric rotating machine, make the electric rotating machine miniaturization as winding mode.

Rotor 20 comprises: rotor core 21 and permanent magnet 22.Rotor core 21 is a plurality of circular magnetics, the part that forms at the direction of principal axis superimposed layer of a plurality of circular silicon steel plates for example.On the peripheral part of rotor core 21, be formed with 20 permanent magnet patchholes 29, they are in a circumferential direction by configuration equally spaced and to extend through the direction of principal axis opposite side from direction of principal axis one side side distolateral.By before lamination on the same area of the peripheral part of each circular silicon steel plate, form the peristome of good identical shaped, same size, similar number, thereby after with circular silicon steel plate lamination, will inevitably form each permanent magnet patchhole 29.

According to above structure, the permanent magnet number of poles that has just constituted rotor is that 20 utmost points and the stator number of teeth are the built-in electric rotating machine of permanent magnet of concentrated winding of 24 20 utmost points, 24 teeth.

Below, shown in Figure 28 was detailed, to each magnetic pole, permanent magnet patchhole 29 was divided into 2 parts in a circumferential direction.Each magnetic pole by the 2 permanent magnet patchholes 29 that are divided between, be provided with bridge portion 28, it with rotor core 21 parts that are positioned at stator 10 sides of permanent magnet patchhole 29, with rotor core 21 parts of the central shaft side that is positioned at rotor 20 of permanent magnet patchhole 29, mechanically couple together.Bridge portion 28 is same with permanent magnet patchhole 29, is provided with continuously on direction of principal axis.

In each permanent magnet patchhole 29, be inserted with permanent magnet 22.Thereby, can obtain in the inner embedding of the outer circumferential side of rotor core 21 by the rotor 20 of 2 20 permanent magnets 22 cutting apart.That is to say that in the present embodiment, the number of poles that can obtain rotor magnetic pole is the rotor 20 of 20 utmost points.Like this, in the present embodiment,,, thereby can obtain being suitable for the motor generator MG1 of high speed rotating so 20 pairs of centrifugal intensity of forces of rotor have just increased because rotor core 21 inside have embedded permanent magnet 22.

For each magnetic pole, permanent magnet 22 also consistently is split into 2 parts in a circumferential direction with permanent magnet patchhole 29, is inserted in the permanent magnet patchhole 29.Permanent magnet 22, S utmost point magnet and N utmost point magnet are alternately inserted in permanent magnet patchhole 29 in a circumferential direction, make in the magnetic pole unit adjacent magnet reversed polarity (being same magnetic in the same pole) each other each other.Thus, on rotor core 21 parts between each adjacent permanent magnet 22, form auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25.Auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25 is the parts that constitute the magnetic circuit that the magnetic circuit of permanent magnet 22 is walked around, and is the magnetomotive force by stator 10, directly produces the zone of magnetic flux on rotor 20 sides.In addition, on rotor core 21 parts of the outer circumferential side of each permanent magnet 22, form pole piece portion 26.Pole piece portion 26 is the zones that constitute the magnetic circuit that the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 22 passes through.

In the present embodiment, owing to can effectively utilize the torque that magnetic flux produced of permanent magnet 22 and, therefore can improve the efficient of motor generator MG1 by these both sides of the reluctance torque that magnetic flux produced by auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25.In addition, in the present embodiment, owing to can implement weak excitation control by auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25, so can enlarge the high rotational speed region of motor generator MG1.In addition, in the present embodiment, because pole piece portion 26 is magnetics, so can relax the pulsation magnetic flux of magnetic pole of the stator.

As permanent magnet 22, can use bonded permanent magnet of the sintered magnet of neodymium class or ferrimagnet, neodymium class etc.The relict flux density of permanent magnet 22 approximately is about 0.4～1.2T.Permanent magnet 22 is magnetized substantially diametrically.In a circumferential direction by the direction of magnetization of 2 two permanent magnets 22 cutting apart also several identical.

On the circumferencial direction both side ends of the permanent magnet 22 in each rotor magnetic pole, be formed with non magnetic 24 that a pair of space part by magnetic (slit portion) constitutes.Non magnetic 24, it is the part that is used for relaxing the tendency of magnetic flux distribution between the circumferencial direction both ends of permanent magnet 22 of each rotor magnetic pole and the auxiliary magnetic pole portion 25, permanent magnet 22, with the 29 integrated formation of permanent magnet patchhole, when permanent magnet 22 is inserted in the permanent magnet patchhole 29, form with the circumferencial direction end of permanent magnet 22 adjacent.Non magnetic 24 also same with permanent magnet patchhole 29, extends through the opposing party from an axial side.Can in non magnetic 24, fill varnish packing materials such as (varnish).Be provided with non magnetic 24 present embodiment, can reduce cogging torque (cogging torque).In addition, non magnetic 24 formation, the size that the footpath of the magnetic circuit portion 27 that forms on the border of 25 in pole piece portion 26 and auxiliary magnetic pole portion is made progress, the width that makes progress than the footpath of permanent magnet 22 is little, can reduce the leakage flux of permanent magnet 22.In fact, the size that the footpath of magnetic circuit portion 27 makes progress is below half of the width that makes progress of the footpath of permanent magnet 22.

Make trapezoidal shape for non magnetic 24, the length of the central shaft side portion of rotor 20, shorter than its stator 10 side portion.In addition, the 25 skew back limit portions of auxiliary magnetic pole portion of the central shaft side portion that links stator 10 side portion and rotor 20, with stator 10 side portion between on the bight that forms, the r that usefulness has the regulation radius of curvature, it is circular-arc that its shape is become.So, can relax the centrifugal force that the rotation because of rotor 20 brings, act on the central shaft side portion that links stator 10 side portion and rotor 20 25 skew back limit portions of auxiliary magnetic pole portion, with stator 10 side portion between stress on the bight that forms concentrated.

On the rotating shaft of the direction of principal axis one side side of rotor 20, be provided with the position of magnetic pole detector (phase splitter) of magnetic pole (permanent magnet 22) position that is used to detect rotor 20 and be used to detect the encoder of the position of rotor 20.The detecting signal of exporting from them is imported among the control device of electric motor MCU of above-mentioned inverter INV.Inverter INV carries out computing according to the detecting signal of input and the command signal of output such as host control device etc., and control should be applied to the voltage on the stator winding 12 of motor generator MG1.The voltage of inverter INV control is applied on the stator winding 12 of motor generator MG1, and it is driven as motor.

Here, magnet patchhole 29, with angle of release angle θ as the smallest radial width segments of the magnetic circuit portion 27 of the width minimum of the periphery of rotor core 21, be electric angle 145 degree.

Below, use Figure 29～Figure 31, the angle of release angle θ of concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth and the relation of induction voltage waveform are described.In addition, because 20 utmost points, 24 teeth electrically, are 2 repetitions of 10 utmost points, 12 teeth, so the situation of 10 utmost points, 12 teeth also is same.

Figure 29 is the angle of release in the concentrated winding motor generator of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth in the another embodiment of the present invention and the graph of a relation of induction voltage waveform.Figure 30 is the key diagram that presses down sharp rate of induction voltage waveform shown in Figure 29.Figure 31 is the key diagram of the effective value of the per unit magnet of induction voltage waveform shown in Figure 29.

The angle of release angle of motor and the relation of this motor-induced voltage waveform are as shown in figure 29.In Figure 29, the transverse axis express time, the longitudinal axis is represented induced voltage.In addition, as illustrative in the right side of figure, the angle of release angle θ that has represented motor is the waveform that electric angle 100 is spent the induced voltage under～155 situations about spending.

As shown in Figure 29, if the little then voltage of angle of release angle θ itself is just little, in addition, the waveform top is very sharp.If electric angle is that the waveform top is just very smooth so more than 130 degree, voltage peak is suppressed, so the basic wave composition is more.Because in motor designs, the peak value of the induced voltage on the maximum rotation number otherwise surpass the proof voltage of converter, so have the motor of this waveform, with the situation of converter combination under, just can become the high motor of exporting.

That is to say,, need reduce electric current as the converter of electromotor control circuit for miniaturization.But, can have the problem of the induced voltage that produces under distinctive, the trailing situation of magnet motor here.If hybrid vehicle, the induced voltage when motor slides can not surpass withstand voltage as the switch element of the converter of control circuit.Therefore, if design the motor voltage under the max speed lower, for example reduce the winding number of stator winding, when the low speed low-voltage, the torque that maximum output current produced of converter will reduce so.Because control circuit is withstand voltage by the crest voltage decision, motor torque and output are by the basic wave decision of voltage.Therefore, electric angle as shown in Figure 29 is the above situations of 130 degree, when suppressing the peak value of induction voltage waveform, improves the basic wave composition of voltage, just can obtain the high motor of exporting.

Figure 30 be the ratio of expression power taking peak value of pressing and basic wave amplitude obtain press down sharp rate.It is 120 sharply to descend when spending in electric angle as can be known, so electric angle is that 130 degree are better above.

In addition, Figure 31 represents the effective value of the induced voltage of every magnet amount.Because magnet is an expensive material, so this shows the index into the more excellent motor of cost-effectivenes.Effective value is that 130 degree sharply descend when following in electric angle also as can be known, and the magnet amount wastes.

Therefore, according to the reason of Figure 29～Figure 31 explanation, if the electric rotating machine of the concentrated winding of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth can be changed to angle of release angle θ more than electric angle 130 degree.

Below, utilize Figure 32 and Figure 33, the electric rotating machine structure that the angle of release angle θ with the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth is made as the situation of electric angle 130 degree and is made as the situation of electric angle 155 degree describes.

Figure 32 is in the concentrated winding motor generator that is illustrated in as 20 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention, angle of release angle θ is made as the sectional view of the structure under the situation of electric angle 130 degree.Figure 33 is in the concentrated winding motor generator that is illustrated in as 20 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention, angle of release angle θ is made as the sectional view of the structure under the situation of electric angle 155 degree.

Shown in figure 32, be under the situation of 130 degree at angle of release angle θ, enough spaces are arranged between the utmost point of magnet and the utmost point, can form enough big auxiliary salient pole.Owing to, do not have non magnetic portion on the rotor at the center of this utmost point and the utmost point, flow so magnetic flux is the easiest, form auxiliary salient pole thus, can obtain good reluctance torque.Therefore, from the viewpoint of auxiliary salient pole size, it also is effective being made as angle of release angle θ more than electric angle 130 degree.

On the other hand, as shown in figure 33, be that though be formed with auxiliary salient pole between the utmost point of magnet and the utmost point, if angle of release angle θ enlarges again, the adjacent utmost point will be overlapping, so can not further enlarge again under the situation of electric angle 155 degree at angle of release angle θ as can be known.

Therefore, from the viewpoint of the layout of rotor as can be known, angle of release angle θ spends to best between 155 degree in electric angle 130, can also effectively utilize magnet.

If the angle of release angle θ of the smallest radial width segments of pair of magnetic circuits portion 27 is summed up as general expression, can be expressed from the next.

(n is the integer more than 0)

In addition, τ s is the circumferencial direction pitch between the central shaft of adjacent tooth core 11a, the angle that expression forms the central shaft of rotor 20.But, concentrating under the situation of twining, owing to the number of poles of groove number (number of teeth) with respect to permanent magnet can not reach more than 1.5 times, therefore n=0 is arranged.

Though in the above description, the motor of the electricity of 10 utmost points, 12 dentitions combination is illustrated, other electric combination motor also can utilize.For example, under the situation of 3 phase motor, with number of poles be made as p, when the number of teeth is made as t, the ratio of p: t is 2: 3,4: 3,8: 9,10: 9,14: 12,14: 15,16: 15,14: 18,22: 18,16: 21,20: 21,22: 21,26: 21,22: 24,26: 24 etc.

Below, utilize Figure 34, the structure of the drive source of the hybrid vehicle of the motor generator MG1 that utilized present embodiment is described.

Figure 34 is the block diagram of structure of drive source of the hybrid vehicle of the expression motor generator MG1 that utilized another embodiment of the present invention.

Motor generator MG1 is by stator 10; The rotor 20 that is rotatably kept with interior all sides at stator 10 constitutes.Interior all sides of rotor 20 are provided with the space, configuration is made up of planetary gear PG in this space reductor and clutch CL.The actuating force of motor generator MG1, PG slows down by planetary gear, and passes to clutch CL.The actuating force of engine ENG and motor generator MG1 by power distribution mechanism PSM shown in Figure 4 and variable-speed motor T/M, is passed to front-wheel FLW, FRW.

Like this, under the situation of interior all sides of motor generator MG1 that driving based parts such as planetary gear and clutch are packed into, in interior all sides of the rotor of motor generator MG1, need be used to install the space that drives based part.That is to say, be the structure of motor generator flat on the radial direction.And, by distributing planetary gear and clutch in this space, can carry out miniaturization to system.

Feelings in this structure are avaled, and the width of the radial direction of the internal diameter of the external diameter of stator 10 and rotor 20 diminishes.All side yokes especially can attenuation in the core back of the body of stator and the magnet of rotor.In order to realize this shape, the number of poles that increases the permanent magnet that uses in the rotor of motor generator MG1 is effectively.

Here, utilize Figure 35 and Figure 36, the magnetic line of force under the situation of the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of the situation of the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth and 10 utmost points, 12 teeth is described.

Figure 35 is the magnetic figure of the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 20 utmost points, 24 teeth in the another embodiment of the present invention.Figure 36 is the magnetic figure of the concentrated winding electric rotating machine of 10 utmost points, 12 teeth in the another embodiment of the present invention.

Relatively Figure 35 and Figure 36 compare with the situation of 10 utmost points as can be known, and (A1＜A2) in addition, can reduce the thickness that the footpath of the core of all sides in the magnet of rotor makes progress (B1＜B2) under the situation of 20 utmost points, the core back of the body thickness of stator to be reduced.Its result, interior all spaces radius R 1 of the rotor under 20 utmost point situations, can be bigger than interior all spaces radius R 2 of the rotor under 10 utmost point situations (R1＞R2).By Figure 35 and the motor magnetic line of force shown in Figure 36 as can be known, this is because due to the magnetic flux of multipolar electric motor circles round lessly.

In addition, if number of poles is many, the radius that just can make rotor obtains correspondingly according to the amount of stator core back of the body A1 attenuate that bigger (D1＞D2), compare with 10 utmost points, 20 extremely can realize high torqueization.

In addition, know easily that because the many rotors of number of poles, magnet is cut apart the back axle number to be increased, so can rise to the mechanical strength of centrifugal force according to the composition of the rotor of Figure 35 and Figure 36.In other words, under the situation that produces identical magnetic flux, number of poles increases, and can make a magnet miniaturization, so can improve the mechanical strength of centrifugal force.

In addition, because 20 pole motors are compared with 10 pole motors and are difficult for demagnetization,, realize cost degradation so can reduce the thickness of magnet.Below narration is difficult for the reason of demagnetization.The magnetic field that stator produced is just in time opposite with the direction of magnetization of magnet, if its intensity reaches certain more than the setting, magnet will demagnetization.Magnet need be thickness to a certain degree that can not demagnetization.Because 20 pole motors are compared with 10 pole motors, have 2 times groove number, so the magnetomotive force of each groove approximately is half, the magnetic field intensity that winding produced of twining on the tooth of stator also is half.Therefore, even if magnet with almost half thickness, demagnetization endurance is also of equal value.So, the magnet amount can be reduced, the more excellent motor of cost-effectivenes can be made.

But,, because the core of the stator back of the body may skiving on magnetic circuit, and do not possess mechanical strength, so in reality,, can't obtain good effect even increase number of poles more if further increase number of poles yet.The upper limit of number of poles is the 30 ultra-Left right sides.

Though multipole to help carrying out in this wise gear built-in, twines motor if distribute, the groove number can increase.Concentrate under the situation of twining, can not reach more than 1.5 times of number of poles in the general combination.But, twine if distribute, just can reach more than 3 times.If the groove number increases, groove shape attenuates, and it is difficult that electrician's operation will become, and the loop density in the groove also can descend, and is difficult to carry out miniaturization.Therefore, concentrate the structure of twining to be suitable for the situation of the built-in multipolar electric motor of gear.

The problem that the motor multipolarization brings is the vortex flow heating of the iron loss of the stator core that the frequency rising causes and magnet.To this, can slit design perhaps be set on direction of principal axis or circumferencial direction, thickness direction by magnet is cut apart.In addition, also can utilize the bonded permanent magnet that solidifies magnet powder.Inorganic matter is used as coating agent this powder, improve thermal endurance.If automotive electric motors owing to cool off with oil sometimes, reaches the above temperature of 150 degree sometimes, so use existing organic coating, thermal endurance can be not enough.Perhaps, can add iron powder, will be used for rotor or stator etc. to the compressed-core of its compression forming and deal with this inorganic matter coating agent.Like this, by using the magnet or the iron core of press-powder, vortex flow will reduce, and can reduce iron loss, realizes high speed rotating.

Below, utilize Figure 37 and Figure 38, the structure of the motor generator MG1 of the concentrated winding of 16 utmost points, 24 teeth of 2: 3 series of another embodiment of the present invention is described.In addition, the circuit structure of inverter and Fig. 3 are same.Structure and Fig. 4 of the hybrid vehicle of the motor generator of use present embodiment are same.

Figure 37 is the key component amplification sectional view of expression as the structure of the motor generator MG1 of another embodiment of the present invention.Figure 38 is as the angle of release in the concentrated winding motor generator of 16 utmost points, 24 teeth of another embodiment of the present invention and the graph of a relation of induction voltage waveform.In addition, on Figure 37, the symbolic representation identical part identical with Figure 27 and Figure 28.

Figure 37 represents that angle of release angle θ is the example of electric angle 150 degree.

The relation of the angle of release angle of motor and the induction voltage waveform of this motor as shown in figure 38.Among Figure 38, the transverse axis express time, the longitudinal axis is represented induced voltage.In addition, the angle of release angle θ that has represented motor is the waveform of the induced voltage under the situations of electric angle 120 degree～160 degree.

As shown in Figure 38, if the little then voltage of angle of release angle θ itself is just little, in addition, the waveform top is very sharp.If electric angle is that the waveform top is just very smooth so more than 130 degree, voltage peak is suppressed, so the basic wave composition is more.Because in motor designs, the peak value of the induced voltage on the maximum rotation number otherwise surpass the proof voltage of converter, so the motor with this waveform with the situation of converter combination under, just can form the motor that height is exported.

In interior all sides of rotor, be provided for installing the space that drives based part, on the radial direction under the situation of flat motor generator, extremely above multipole of the number of poles of permanent magnet preferred 16.

As the combination of the electricity of flat motor generator, under the situation of threephase motor, if with number of poles be made as p, when the number of teeth is made as t, the ratio of p: t is in 2: 3 the system, just has 16: 24,18: 27,20: 30,22: 33,24: 36; In 4: 3 the system, just have 16: 9,20: 15,24: 18; In 8: 9 the system, just have 16: 18,24: 27; In 10: 9 the system, just there are 20: 18; In other the system, have 16: 15,16: 21,20: 21,22: 18,22: 21,22: 24 etc.

Claims (12)

1. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, the inverter that is converted to alternating current by the direct current with direct-current power supply drives, and produces the electric power that vehicle traction is used, it is characterized in that,

Comprise: stator; With, the rotor that in this stator, disposes relatively across the space,

Described stator possesses: stator core; With, be installed in the stator winding in this stator core,

Described stator core constitutes by the yoke heart of ring-type with from the outstanding a plurality of tooth iron cores of this yoke mind-set footpath direction,

Described rotor possesses: rotor core; With, embed a plurality of permanent magnets of this rotor core inside,

In the inside of described rotor core, on the circumferencial direction both sides of described permanent magnet, be formed with pair of nonmagnetic portion,

In the described rotor core of the described stator side that is arranged in described pair of nonmagnetic portion, by the forming and be formed with pair of magnetic circuits portion of described pair of nonmagnetic portion,

The winding method of described stator winding is to distribute to twine,

When the relation of the number of the number of magnetic poles of described rotor and described tooth iron core is m: during 6m, wherein m is a natural number, and the angle of release angle θ that the circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of described pair of magnetic circuits portion is described centre of rotor axle is 104～112 ° of electric angles or 152～168 °.

2. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

The angle that width between the circumferencial direction both ends of the described stator side of described permanent magnet is described centre of rotor axle is 72.8～100.8 ° of electric angles or 106.4～151.2 °.

3. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Constitute the described permanent magnet of a magnetic pole of described rotor, be split in a circumferential direction a plurality of,

Be provided with bridge portion between a plurality of permanent magnets described being split into, described bridge portion will be in the described stator side of described permanent magnet described rotor core, mechanically couple together with the described rotor core that is in the described centre of rotor axle side of described permanent magnet.

4. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

The shape of described non magnetic portion is a trapezoidal shape,

The limit portion of the described centre of rotor axle side of described non magnetic portion, its length is shorter than the limit portion of the described stator side of described non magnetic portion.

5. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that,

Go to from the limit portion of the described stator side of described non magnetic portion described non magnetic portion described centre of rotor axle side limit portion limit portion, and the limit portion of the described stator side of described non magnetic portion between formed bight, form circular-arc.

6. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that,

With the described magnetic pole that is split into a plurality of permanent magnets, be configured to from described magnetic pole both ends, the pole center portion of approaching more described rotor is the closer to described stator side.

7. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that,

Be provided with bridge portion described being split between a plurality of permanent magnets and the described non magnetic portion, described bridge portion will be in the described stator side of described permanent magnet described rotor core, mechanically couple together with the described rotor core that is in the described centre of rotor axle side of described permanent magnet.

8. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Between described permanent magnet and described non magnetic portion, be provided with bridge portion, described bridge portion will be in the described stator side of described permanent magnet described rotor core, mechanically couple together with the described rotor core that is in the described centre of rotor axle side of described permanent magnet.

9. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Described a plurality of permanent magnet, by the empty standard width of a room in an old-style house in a circumferential direction every and alternating polarity be configured in described rotor core inside,

Be in the described rotor core magnetic poles sheet portion of the described stator side of described permanent magnet, described pole piece portion constitutes the magnetic circuit of the magnetic flux of described permanent magnet,

The described rotor core that is between adjacent described permanent magnet constitutes auxiliary magnetic pole portion, and described auxiliary magnetic pole portion is configured for producing the magnetic circuit of the magnetic flux of the torque different with the torque that magnetic flux produced of described permanent magnet,

Described magnetic circuit portion is connected magnetic between described pole piece portion and the described auxiliary magnetic pole portion.

10. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, the inverter that is converted to alternating current by the direct current with direct-current power supply drives, and produces the electric power that vehicle traction is used, it is characterized in that,

Comprise: stator; With, the rotor that in this stator, disposes relatively across the space,

Described stator possesses: stator core; With, be installed in the stator winding in this stator core,

Described stator core constitutes by the yoke heart of ring-type with from the outstanding a plurality of tooth iron cores of this yoke mind-set footpath direction,

Described rotor possesses: rotor core; With, embed a plurality of permanent magnets of the inside of this rotor core,

In the inside of described rotor core, on the circumferencial direction both sides of described permanent magnet, be formed with pair of nonmagnetic portion,

In the described rotor core of the described stator side that is arranged in described pair of nonmagnetic portion, by the forming and be formed with pair of magnetic circuits portion of described pair of nonmagnetic portion,

When will being made as τ s degree to the circumferencial direction pitch of the described tooth iron core of described centre of rotor axle, the angle of release angle that the circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of described pair of magnetic circuits portion is described centre of rotor axle is made as θ when spending, and has

Wherein n is a natural number,

The winding method of described stator winding is to distribute to twine,

The relation of the number of the number of magnetic poles of described rotor and described tooth iron core is m: 6m, and wherein m is a natural number,

The angle that width between the circumferencial direction both ends of the described stator side of described permanent magnet is described centre of rotor axle is made as Φ when spending, and Φ is 0.7～0.9 times of θ.

11. a permanent magnet type electric rotary machine, the inverter that is converted to alternating current by the direct current with direct-current power supply drives, and produces the electric power that vehicle traction is used, it is characterized in that,

Comprise: stator; With, the rotor that in this stator, disposes relatively across the space,

Described stator possesses: stator core; With, be installed in the stator winding in this stator core,

Described rotor possesses: rotor core; With, embed a plurality of permanent magnets of this rotor core inside,

In the inside of described rotor core, on the circumferencial direction both sides of described permanent magnet, be formed with pair of nonmagnetic portion,

In the described rotor core of the described stator side that is arranged in described pair of nonmagnetic portion, by the forming and be formed with pair of magnetic circuits portion of described pair of nonmagnetic portion,

The winding method of described stator winding is to concentrate to twine,

The angle of release angle θ that circumferencial direction width between the smallest radial width segments of described pair of magnetic circuits portion is described centre of rotor axle is 130～155 ° of electric angles.

12. permanent magnet type electric rotary machine according to claim 11 is characterized in that,

The number of poles of described permanent magnet be 16 extremely more than.

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