CN100576660C - A kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field - Google Patents
A kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field Download PDFInfo
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- CN100576660C CN100576660C CN200810032816A CN200810032816A CN100576660C CN 100576660 C CN100576660 C CN 100576660C CN 200810032816 A CN200810032816 A CN 200810032816A CN 200810032816 A CN200810032816 A CN 200810032816A CN 100576660 C CN100576660 C CN 100576660C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the ultrafast laser technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing the surface optical field enhancement effect in nonlinear dielectric, to produce ultraviolet optical frequency comb by the high order harmonic component process, this method comprises the selection of pump light source, the required nonlinear dielectric of acquisition mode that surface optical field strengthens and high order harmonic component process is selected and is placed, it is characterized in that this method is satisfying under the incidence angle situation of resonance condition, the ultrashort laser pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, after surface optical field strengthens, produce ultraviolet comb by the high order harmonic component process in the nonlinear dielectric, its advantage is to utilize the ultrashort pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, directly produce ultraviolet comb, simple in structure, easy operating, experimental cost is low, good stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ultrafast laser technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing the surface optical field enhancement effect in nonlinear dielectric, to produce ultraviolet optical frequency comb by the high order harmonic component process.
Background technology
The femtosecond optical frequency com is the bridge that connection light field time-domain and frequency domain precision are controlled.The development that light field time-domain and frequency-domain while precision is controlled to the research of important foundation problem in science such as precision spectroscopy, ultrashort pulse coherent control, light clock and most advanced and sophisticated high-and-new science and technology brings great revolutionary the breakthrough.Yet because the restriction of LASER Light Source itself, the research about femtosecond light comb at present often is confined to visible and near infrared band.Ultraviolet band light field time domain and frequency domain precision are controlled the spectral range that not only can widen precision spectroscopy research, and basic front line science researchs such as the accurate measurement of some physics constant, X ray wave band atomic clock, holographic microscopic imaging, nanometer imprint lithography are had very significant meaning.The research of ultraviolet optical frequency comb will greatly advance precision spectroscopy to short-wave band infiltration and developments such as ultraviolet and X ray, offer our the more time and space resolution of high precision time frequency standard and superelevation.
Utilize high order harmonic component, people can be extended to ultraviolet and X ray wave band with wavelength from visible, near infrared band effectively.Producing based on the high order harmonic component of the femtosecond pulse sequence of high repetition frequency is the effective way that obtains ultraviolet optical frequency comb.The generation of high order harmonic component needs higher light intensity, normally provides pump light source by the high-octane laser system based on amplifying stage, and such system is generally comparatively huge, and the cost of operation is also higher.And more very importantly be that high-octane laser amplifier system can't provide the pulse train (tens MHz are to several GHz) with the comparable high repetition frequency of oscillator, can't be applied to the generation of femtosecond ultraviolet optical frequency comb.
Recently, the high order harmonic component of utilizing exocoel to strengthen produces scheme, and German horse general quantum optices institute and the breadboard researcher of U.S. JILA have successfully obtained relevant ultraviolet comb.Long and chromatic dispersion and femtosecond oscillation source are complementary by the chamber of control exocoel, make femtosecond pulse from oscillator output coherent superposition and obtain amplifying in exocoel, in the chamber, directly produce high order harmonic component, utilize then the Brewster sheet or therein method such as aperture of center design of a slice concave mirror with the ultraviolet comb coupling output that produces.But these schemes come with some shortcomings, and for example coupling efficiency is low, the influence of high-order dispersion, restriction of spectrum width or the like.Recently, people have proposed the scheme that a kind of non-colinear high order harmonic component that strengthens based on exocoel produces, and can produce ultraviolet comb effectively, and directly with its coupling output, show very high coupling efficiency.
But, because limited and can not directly produce ultraviolet comb from the pulsed laser energy of oscillator output.In the above-mentioned scheme, utilize that coherent superposition obtains enough single pulse energies in exocoel, keep higher repetition rate simultaneously again based on the exocoel enhancement techniques, by the high order harmonic component process to produce ultraviolet comb.Because the influence of cavity mirror plating film and chromatic dispersion, exocoel strengthen and can obtain wide spectrum and the highest single pulse energy will be restricted.Simultaneously, exocoel strengthens needs complicated light path and circuit, and it can obtain the restriction that enhancer is subjected to cavity mirror plating film and circuit design level.Have only and use the high anti-chirped mirror in the very high broadband of reflectivity, be furnished with extraordinary steady chamber frequency stabilization circuit simultaneously and could obtain enhancer preferably.The stability of exocoel, needs a temperature and especially vibrates all highly stable experimental situation also than higher environment requirement.
Existing studies show that, based on the coupling of light field and surface plasma wave, under the situation of resonance, we can obtain on the surface with respect to the enhancing of incident light tens to hundred times at an easy rate.Utilize surperficial enhancement effect, people have carried out a series of research work in fields such as nanometer waveguide, surface plasma photon chip, coupler, sub-wavelength optical storage of data, the super-resolution imaging of breaking through diffraction limit, nano-photoetching erosion art and life sciences.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field is provided, this method produces the surface optical field enhancing and combines with high order harmonic component, utilize the ultrashort laser pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, directly produce ultraviolet comb, simple and stable structure.
The object of the invention realizes being finished by following technical scheme:
A kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field, comprise the selection of pump light source, acquisition mode and the required nonlinear dielectric selection and placement of high order harmonic component process that surface optical field strengthens, it is characterized in that this method is satisfying under the incidence angle situation of resonance condition, the ultrashort laser pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, after surface optical field strengthens, produce ultraviolet comb by the high order harmonic component process in the nonlinear dielectric.
The acquisition mode of described surface optical field enhancing comprises that based on grating coupled mode this mode utilizes light field in grating surface and plasma wave resonance and the enhancing of acquisition light field to satisfy the suitable incidence angle of resonance condition.
The acquisition mode that described surface optical field strengthens comprises the mode based on the attenuate total reflection coupling, this mode is to satisfy the suitable incidence angle of resonance condition, by quartz or glass prism, utilize light field between metallic film and air, to obtain light field and strengthen with surface plasma wave resonance.
Described metallic film adopts inert metal, its thickness 40-60 nanometer.
Described nonlinear dielectric is intert-gas atoms or inert gas ion or the stable cluster of inert gas.
Described gas be evenly distributed in strengthen light field around or be ejected into the light field position by gas nozzle.
Pump light source is the high repetition frequency femto-second laser pulse sequence of visible or infrared band.
Advantage of the present invention is to utilize the ultrashort pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, directly produces ultraviolet comb, simple in structure, easy operating, low, the good stability of experimental cost.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 3;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Embodiment
Feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technical staff's of the same trade understanding:
The method of present embodiment, under the situation of suitable incidence angle, the ultrashort laser pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, on grating or metallic film surface and surface plasma wave generation resonance coupling, and obtain tens times of enhancings to hundred times, produce ultraviolet comb by the high order harmonic component process in the nonlinear dielectric.
Metallic film is inert metal such as gold, silver, copper normally, and its thickness is generally tens nanometer, selects the 40-60 nanometer in the present embodiment.
Pump light pulse or in advance by shaping is perhaps introduced prechirp with compensation of dispersion.Pump light can be a branch of or multi-beam pumping simultaneously, and different light beams can have identical or different wavelength.
Because the light field enhancement effect occurs under the situation of incident field and surface plasma wave resonance, so will select suitable incidence angle to satisfy resonance condition according to the frequency and the coupling actual conditions of incident laser.
The frequency interval of the ultraviolet optical frequency comb that produces is consistent with the repetition rate of incident pulse laser.
Whole system need be placed in the vacuum chamber.
In the following embodiments, be example with centre wavelength in the femtosecond pulse sequence of 800nm, but the enforcement of other wave band is consistent with this wave band implementation method from the output of Ti:Sapphire femtosecond oscillator.Producing required normal inert atom or the molecular gas of nonlinear dielectric gating of high order harmonic component process is example.
Shown in Fig. 1-4, label 1-7 represents respectively: from the centre wavelength of Ti:Sapphire femtosecond oscillator output femtosecond pulse 1, quartz or glass prism 2, metallic film 3, ultraviolet comb radiation 4, battery lead plate 5, battery lead plate 6, the grating 7 at 800nm.
Embodiment 1: present embodiment adopts is based on the grating coupled modes, utilizes shaped pulse to produce ultraviolet comb.
As shown in Figure 1, M1, M2, M3 be centre wavelength at the broadband of 800nm high reflective mirror, G1, G2 are grating pair, L1, L2 are the lens of parfocal, SLM is a spatial light modulator.
In the present embodiment, utilize the 4f shaping pulse system that forms by G1, G2, L1, L2 and SLM, incident femtosecond pulse 1 is carried out shaping pulse, to realize that the ultraviolet comb 4 that produces is optimized control.Under the situation of suitable incidence angle, incident femtosecond pulse 1 obtains to strengthen with the surface plasma wave resonance coupling on grating 7 surfaces, produces ultraviolet comb by the high order harmonic component process in the non-linear gas.Certainly, incident pulse also can be without shaping, and is directly used in the generation of ultraviolet comb 4, is equivalent to save on the basis of present embodiment the system of shaping pulse.
Embodiment 2: present embodiment utilizes the prechirp pulse to produce ultraviolet comb based on the attenuate total reflection coupled modes.
As shown in Figure 2, M1 be centre wavelength at the broadband of 800nm high reflective mirror, P1, P2, P3, P4 are that prism is right.
In the present embodiment,,, obtain tens light fields and strengthen, produce ultraviolet comb 4 by the high order harmonic component process in the non-linear gas to hundred times on the quartz or glass prism 2 surfaces that simultaneously are coated with metallic film 3 based on the attenuate total reflection coupled modes.Because being used for the prism of light field enhancing is dispersion element, can make and reduce peak power by incident femtosecond pulse broadening in time, be unfavorable for the generation of ultraviolet comb.Therefore, need carry out dispersion management, therefore utilize the prism of forming by P1, P2, P3, P4 right, by adjusting the distance control tool chirp structure between P1, P2 and P3, the P4, with compensation of dispersion to incident pulse 1.Certainly, can also utilize other method, as chromatic dispersion management system compensation of dispersion such as grating pair, chirped mirrors.
Embodiment 3: present embodiment under the situation of extra electric field, utilizes the prechirp pulse to produce ultraviolet comb based on the attenuate total reflection coupled modes.
As shown in Figure 3, M1, M2 be the center at the broadband of 800nm chirped mirror, M3 is that centre wavelength is at the broadband of 800nm high reflective mirror.
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 2 is, in the present embodiment the system among the embodiment 2 is placed among the extra electric field that is made of battery lead plate 5, battery lead plate 6, produces to strengthen the control high order harmonic component, utilizes chirped mirror to carry out dispersion management simultaneously.Certainly, also can utilize prism that chromatic dispersion management systems such as, grating pair are carried out dispersion compensation to it here.The purpose that adds additional electric field is the electronic motion process that produces in control, the constraint high order harmonic component process, strengthens the generation efficient of ultraviolet comb.The intensity of extra electric field can be controlled by the voltage that adjusting is carried on the battery lead plate 5,6.The extra electric field direction can be as shown in Figure 3 perpendicular to metallic film, also can turn over 90 degree and be parallel to the metallic film surface in paper.Here, electric field also can change magnetic field into, with the generation of Control and Optimization high order harmonic component.Among other embodiment that mentions to the present invention that the scheme in extra electric field, magnetic field also can be used equally.
Embodiment 4: present embodiment utilizes dipulse to produce ultraviolet comb based on the attenuate total reflection coupled modes.
As shown in Figure 4, M1, M2 be centre wavelength at the broadband of 800nm semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, M3-M10 be centre wavelength at the broadband of 800nm high reflective mirror, M11, M12 for for the center at the broadband of 800nm chirped mirror.
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 2 is, in the present embodiment the incident pulse among the embodiment 2 is replaced with two beam pulse pumpings, and utilizes the chirped mirror compensation of dispersion.The incident femtosecond pulse is divided into two pulses through M1, and one of them pulsion phase can utilize the delay line that is made of M5, M6 to adjust to the light path of passing by of another pulse, and two pulses are synthetic a branch of again through M2, but between have an adjustable relative time delay.Like this,, produce different stack light fields, the electronic motion process that produces in the control high order harmonic component process, the ultraviolet comb that optimal control produces by adjusting two time-delays between the pulse.Certainly, except two pulses, can also there be the pulse of three or more to superpose, the ultraviolet comb that control produces, this embodiment also can be applied to other embodiment that this patent is mentioned equally.
Those skilled in the art are not difficult to find, the present invention is not limited to specific surperficial Enhancement Method, perhaps specific high order harmonic component produces medium, any generation that can be used for ultraviolet comb by the high order harmonic component process based on the Enhancement Method and the interaction of gas nonlinear dielectric of light field and surface plasma wave resonance coupling.
Claims (4)
1. ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field, comprise the selection of pump light source, the required nonlinear dielectric of acquisition mode that surface optical field strengthens and high order harmonic component process is selected and is placed, it is characterized in that this method is satisfying under the incidence angle situation of resonance condition, the ultrashort laser pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond oscillator output, after surface optical field strengthens, produce ultraviolet comb by the high order harmonic component process in the nonlinear dielectric, pump light source is the high repetition frequency femto-second laser pulse sequence of visible or infrared band, and described nonlinear dielectric is an intert-gas atoms, perhaps inert gas ion, or the stable cluster of inert gas, or inert molecule gas.
2. a kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the acquisition mode that described surface optical field strengthens is based on grating coupled mode, this mode to be to satisfy the suitable incidence angle of resonance condition, utilizes light field in grating surface and plasma wave resonance and obtain light field and strengthen.
3. a kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the acquisition mode that described surface optical field strengthens is based on the mode that attenuate total reflection is coupled, this mode is to satisfy the suitable incidence angle of resonance condition, by quartz or glass prism, utilizing light field to obtain light field with surface plasma wave resonance between metallic film and air strengthens, described metallic film adopts inert metal, its thickness 40-60 nanometer.
4. a kind of ultraviolet comb generation method that strengthens based on surface optical field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described gas be evenly distributed in strengthen light field around or be ejected into the light field position by gas nozzle.
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| CN102608825B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-04-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method and system for realizing multi-frequency optical comb |
| CN103928833B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-08-31 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of pulse train manipulator based on plated film |
| CN113224622A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Communication band high-flatness large-comb-tooth-spacing linear polarization electro-optic modulation optical frequency comb light source |
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Non-Patent Citations (6)
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| A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet. Christoph Gohle, et al.nature,Vol.436 . 2005 |
| A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet. Christoph Gohle,et al.nature,Vol.436. 2005 * |
| Cavity-enhanced noncollinear high-harmonic generation for extreme ultraviolet frequency combs. Jian Wu, et al.OPTICS LETTERS,Vol.32 No.22. 2007 |
| Cavity-enhanced noncollinear high-harmonic generation for extreme ultraviolet frequency combs. Jian Wu,et al.OPTICS LETTERS,Vol.32 No.22. 2007 * |
| 金、银纳米粒子的表面增强光谱研究. 庄严.中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库 (硕士)工程科技Ⅰ辑，第5期. 2006 |
| 金、银纳米粒子的表面增强光谱研究. 庄严.中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士)工程科技Ⅰ辑，第5期. 2006 * |
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