CN100576421C - The metal vapour lamp and the lighting apparatus that can keep stability characteristic (quality) - Google Patents
The metal vapour lamp and the lighting apparatus that can keep stability characteristic (quality) Download PDFInfo
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- CN100576421C CN100576421C CN200710085811A CN200710085811A CN100576421C CN 100576421 C CN100576421 C CN 100576421C CN 200710085811 A CN200710085811 A CN 200710085811A CN 200710085811 A CN200710085811 A CN 200710085811A CN 100576421 C CN100576421 C CN 100576421C
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Abstract
A kind of metal vapour lamp that comprises electric arc tube (1), wherein electric arc tube comprises container (10) and power transmission members (20a and 20b).The container of being made by semitransparent ceramics is divided into person in charge's part (11) and two narrow tube portions (12a and 12b) that stretch out from person in charge's part two ends respectively.Power transmission members comprises the electrode pin of being made by tungsten (21a and 21b) respectively.The coil of being made by tungsten (22a and 22b) is wrapped in the end of electrode pin respectively, and wherein electrode pin is connected with the electrode supporting member of being made by electrically conductive cermet (23a and 23b) respectively.Electrode length L1 is set to (0.041P+0.5) mm to (0.041P+8.0) mm, and wherein " P " expression is the lamp power of unit with the watt.Alternatively, the length of narrow tube portion is set to the scope of (0.032P+3.5) mm to (0.032P+8.0) mm, comprises this two end points.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal vapour lamp, relate in particular to a kind of metal vapour lamp and lighting apparatus with this metal vapour lamp.
Description of Related Art
The electric arc tube that is included in the metal halide lamp comprises a transparent vessel, has wherein sealed a kind of metal halide as luminescent metal.This transparent vessel comprises a pair of electrode that faces each other.When electrode received power supply and discharges from the outside, this metal halide lamp was launched light at high temperature.
Usually, many electric arc tubes are made by quartz glass.But in recent years, because aluminium oxide ceramics is better than quartz glass aspect thermal endurance, the therefore normal electric arc tube of making by aluminium oxide ceramics that uses.
For electrode being sealed in the electric arc tube of making by quartz glass, apply heat and pressure to the two ends of electric arc tube, thereby make the two ends distortion.Under the situation that electric arc tube is made by aluminium oxide ceramics, at first to prepare a container, this container is divided into the narrow tube portion being responsible for part and stretching out from its two ends.Respectively two power transmission members are inserted in this container by narrow tube portion then.Then from two ends with a kind of encapsulant of molten state, as glass dust, pour the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and the power transmission members into, thus the sealed material seal of electric arc tube (the disclosed patent application No.S57-78763 of Japan).
Simultaneously, the aluminium oxide ceramics electric arc tube also has many advantages, thereby is to realize that high performance lamps is desired.
For example, because the aluminium oxide ceramics electric arc tube can send than the high light of quartz glass electric arc tube temperature, therefore might increase the vapour pressure that is sealed in material in the electric arc tube.This all is good to realizing color rendering and high efficiency.
In addition, compare with quartz glass, aluminium oxide ceramics has higher activity with the halogenation material that is sealed in the electric arc tube.This helps to prolong the useful life of metal halide lamp.
But, utilize the metal halide lamp of this aluminium oxide ceramics electric arc tube that a problem is also arranged, the length of life colour temperature at lamp can change exactly.That is, even have enough color temperature characteristic to keep the predetermined colour temperature of lamp at metal halide lamp at first, but the time of utilizing lamp to throw light on is long more, and as 100 hours, 1000 hours or the like, color temperature characteristic was just low more.
Below its reason is considered.
In the aluminium oxide ceramics electric arc tube of sealing in the above described manner, the part side of respectively being responsible in space all is not full of encapsulant between each narrow tube portion and each power transmission members.
After lamp was lighted, liquid luminescent metal slided in this space gradually.Especially when this lamp be when under electrode keeps vertical situation, being lighted, be sealed in luminescent metal in the electric arc tube and be seeped into and be lower than container and be responsible in the space of part.
Because metal penetrates in the space, therefore the amount that is used for luminous metal at discharge space has just reduced.This has hindered the metal vapour pressure that provides enough, thereby causes the change of colour temperature.
People may think and can change this problem that solves to prevent colour temperature by the luminescent metal of the capacity of packing into.But when packing luminescent metal into too many, the reaction between metal, electrode, aluminium oxide and the encapsulant has also increased.This can shorten the useful life of lamp.
Alternatively, encapsulant can be poured lower space into, thereby reduces the amount of the luminescent metal that infiltrates this space.But in this case, the two ends of the encapsulant of insertion raise very manyly in this temperature from discharge space nearby.The reaction that this has increased between encapsulant and the luminescent metal causes shortening useful life of lamp.In addition, the encapsulant for inserting this space also is easy to generate the crack.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, first purpose of the present invention provides a kind of luminescent metal that prevents and slips into the space, even and it is back at the metal vapour lamp that all presents less variation aspect colour temperature and other characteristic to use this lamp to throw light in long-time continuous, and a kind of lighting apparatus that comprises this metal vapour lamp also is provided.
Second purpose of the present invention is another problem that solves the metal halide lamp that has used the aluminium oxide ceramics electric arc tube, this problem is if luminescent metal comprises cerium, then lamp might extinguish after opening at once, this phenomenon especially occurs in initial aging (aging) lighting process, and this process is carried out after lamp is produced immediately.
Above purpose is to realize by a kind of metal vapour lamp with electric arc tube, wherein electric arc tube comprises a container of being made by semitransparent ceramics, this container is divided into one and is responsible for part and two narrow tube portions that stretch out from the two ends of being responsible for part respectively, in being responsible for part, form a discharge space, the luminescent metal of in this discharge space, packing into, an electrode is all arranged in each narrow tube portion, there is a coil to be wrapped in the end of electrode surface to discharge space, in each narrow tube portion, all insert an electrode supporting member and be connected to the other end of electrode, this electric arc tube is by a kind of encapsulant sealing that is inserted into each space between each electrode supporting member and each the narrow tube portion, the length of each electrode (electrode length L1) is comprising (0.041P+0.5) mm between (0.041P+8.0) mm, and wherein " P " expression is the lamp power of unit with the watt.
In the equation above, electrode length L1 is defined as electrode tip and is connected to distance between the electrode end of electrode supporting member.In addition, the lamp power P is represented the lamp power when the lamp steady illumination.
Illustrated structure above utilizing, wherein electrode length L1 is set to be not more than (0.041P+8.0) mm, and this prevents to be contained in luminescent metal in the electric arc tube and slides in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and the electrode.This makes might remain on the vapour pressure in the discharge space a gratifying level, even this helps to realize to use this lamp illumination back at the metal vapour lamp that all presents less variation aspect colour temperature and other characteristic in long-time continuous.
In addition, electrode length L1 is set to be not less than (0.041P+0.5) mm and has also suppressed reaction between containment member and the luminescent metal, and prevents to produce in containment member the crack.
In above-mentioned metal vapour lamp, preferably, each electrode stretches into discharge space from each narrow tube portion a part of length is comprising that 3.0mm is to the 6.5mm.
In addition, preferably, the thermal conductance of each electrode is not less than 130W/m*K, and the thermal conductance of each electrode supporting member is not more than 100W/m*K.
In addition, preferably, each electrode all comprises tungsten and/or molybdenum, and each electrode supporting member all comprises cerium.
In addition, preferably, the length of each narrow tube portion (narrow tube portion length L 2) is comprising (0.032P+3.5) mm between (0.032P+8.0) mm, to guarantee to suppress to slip into the advantageous effects of the luminescent metal amount in space.
In addition, preferably, encapsulant is never to be inserted in each narrow tube portion towards the outer end of discharge space, and the length of encapsulant (being expressed as " 12 ") is comprising 3.7mm between the 5.5mm in each narrow tube portion, to strengthen the reliability and the retention performance of containment member in the time limit in useful life.
Should be understood that at this, verified by experiment when electrode length L1 is set to comprising that (0.041P+0.5) mm is between (0.041P+8.0) mm, have 70W and demonstrate gratifying level about above-mentioned effect to the metal vapour lamp of 400W lamp power.
Above purpose can also realize by a kind of metal vapour lamp with electric arc tube, wherein electric arc tube comprises a container of being made by semitransparent ceramics, this container is divided into one and is responsible for part and two narrow tube portions that stretch out from the two ends of being responsible for part respectively, in being responsible for part, form a discharge space, the luminescent metal of in this discharge space, packing into, an electrode is all arranged in each narrow tube portion, there is a coil to be wrapped in the end of electrode surface to discharge space, in each narrow tube portion, all insert an electrode supporting member and be connected to the other end of electrode, this electric arc tube is by a kind of encapsulant sealing that is inserted into each space between each electrode supporting member and each the narrow tube portion, the length of each narrow tube portion (narrow tube portion length L 2) is comprising (0.032P+3.5) mm between (0.032P+8.0) mm, and wherein " P " expression is the lamp power of unit with the watt.
Illustrated structure above utilizing, wherein narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to be not more than (0.032P+8.0) mm, and this prevents to be contained in luminescent metal in the electric arc tube and slides in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and the electrode.This makes might remain on the vapour pressure in the discharge space a gratifying level, and this helps to be implemented in long-time continuous and uses this lamp illumination back at the metal vapour lamp that all presents less variation aspect colour temperature and other characteristic.
In addition, narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to be not less than (0.032P+3.5) mm has also suppressed reaction between containment member and the luminescent metal, and prevent from containment member, to produce the crack.
In addition, when narrow tube portion length L 2 was arranged in the above-mentioned scope, the incidence that lamp is opened fault had reduced.Observe and find that this effect is very significant, especially when the luminescent metal of packing into comprises cerium.
Should be understood that at this, verified by experiment when narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to comprising that (0.032P+3.5) mm is between (0.032P+8.0) mm, have 70W and demonstrate gratifying level about above-mentioned effect to the metal vapour lamp of 360W lamp power.
When narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to comprising that (0.032P+3.5) mm arrives between (0.032P+6.0) mm, can improve the advantageous effects that suppresses to infiltrate the luminescent metal amount in space and reduce lamp unlatching rate of breakdown.
In addition, preferably, encapsulant is never to be inserted in each narrow tube portion towards the outer end of discharge space, and the length of encapsulant (being expressed as " 12 ") is comprising 3.7mm between the 5.5mm in each narrow tube portion, to strengthen the reliability and the retention performance of containment member in the time limit in useful life.
Usually, be not less than at each narrow tube portion thickness and be responsible for 1.15 times of segment thicknesses or be responsible for part and narrow tube portion forms the metal vapour lamp that one or electric arc tube are arranged in the outer tube that has sealed nitrogen without any shrink fit ground, the problem that luminescent metal slips into the space takes place easily.Therefore, the present invention is especially effective for the metal vapour lamp of these types.
The accompanying drawing summary
By following to its detailed description of carrying out and the contact respective drawings, these and other objects of the present invention, advantage and feature will become clearly, description of drawings a kind of specific embodiments of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the front view of metal vapour lamp in one embodiment of this invention, shows its structure;
Fig. 2 is the profile of electric arc tube 1, shows a kind of example of its structure;
Fig. 3 shows the structure of lighting apparatus in one embodiment of this invention;
Fig. 4 is the profile of electric arc tube 1, shows a kind of example of its structure;
Fig. 5 A and 5B are the profiles of electric arc tube, are used for explaining electrode length L1; And
Fig. 6 is about opening the explanation of fault genesis mechanism.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
Below with reference to accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described.
Embodiment 1
The complete metal vapour lamp and the structure of electric arc tube
Fig. 1 is the front view (comprising fragmentary cross-sectional view) of metal vapour lamp in the embodiment 1, shows its structure.
As shown in Figure 1, this metal vapour lamp comprises outer tube 3, has wherein sealed the nitrogen of certain pressure.In outer tube 3, the electric arc tube of being made by semitransparent ceramics 1 is fixed on a definite position by power transmission line 2a and 2b.Pedestal 4 is attached to an end of outer tube 3 sealings.
Fig. 2 is the profile of electric arc tube 1.
As shown in Figure 2, electric arc tube 1 comprises container 10 and power transmission members 20a and 20b.Container 10 is divided into narrow tube portion 12a and 12b and is responsible for part (luminous component) 11. Power transmission members 20a and 20b are inserted in the container 10 by narrow tube portion 12a and 12b respectively.A kind of typical semitransparent ceramics as container 10 materials is an aluminium oxide ceramics.
Electrode pin 21a and 21b utilize the LASER BEAM WELDING method to link together with electrode supporting member 23a and 23b respectively.Utilize resistance butt seam welding connection, because cermet has bigger resistance, so they connect very shakyly easily.On the contrary, the LASER BEAM WELDING method connects them enough solid, can prevent that almost them from separating in the lamp length of life.
Electrode pin 21a and 21b link together with the narrow tube portion 12a of container 10 and electrode supporting member 23a and the 23b among the 12b.
Electrode pin 21a and 21b reach person in charge's part 11 of container 10 from narrow tube portion 12a and 12b, thereby its two ends by coil 22a and 22b winding face each other in being responsible for part 11, and discharge space is served as in the space of wherein being responsible in the part 11.
Electrode supporting member 23a and 23b reach the outside from narrow tube portion 12a and 12b respectively.Space between electrode supporting member 23a and 23b and narrow tube portion 12a and the 12b is sealing near sealed member 24a of an end of outside and 24b, and this forms by glass dust is poured in this space from the outside.Glass dust comprises metal oxide, aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide.
Mercury, rare gas and luminescent metal are contained in the discharge space of being responsible in the part 11.
When external drive circuit continues to apply frequency to power transmission members 20a and 20b by pedestal 4 and power transmission line 2a and 2b is 60Hz, crest voltage when being 283 volts sine voltage, and the metal vapour lamp with said structure will continue luminous.
The structure of lighting apparatus
Fig. 3 is a kind of profile of lighting apparatus, and metal vapour lamp is attached thereto.
As shown in Figure 3, lighting apparatus 30 comprises a main body and attached to the above-mentioned metal vapour lamp 34 on this main body.This main body comprises support 31, socket 32 and reflector 33.Support 31 is used for lamp is fixed to ceiling etc.Socket 32 is attached to support 31.When its base side was placed up, metal vapour lamp 34 was attached to socket 32, and wherein pedestal 34 is fixed to socket 32.Reflector 33 is conical, and its inner surface has reflectivity.Reflector 33 open side are fixing down, and metal vapour lamp 34 is surrounded by its reflecting surface.Should be pointed out that in a place that separates with lighting apparatus lighting circuit equipment (undeclared) is provided.
When passing through socket 32 from the lighting circuit power devices, metal vapour lamp 34 is luminous, and a part of visible light that sends is directly propagated by Open Side Down, and another part is from the reflecting surface reflection propagation downwards then of reflector 33.
Relation between electrode length L1 and the modulation characteristic
In this embodiment, the length of electrode pin 21a and 21b is called electrode length, and this electrode length is set to satisfy the value of following formula 1 condition.
Formula 1
0.041P+0.5≤L1≤0.041P+8.0，
Wherein, " L1 " represents electrode length (mm), and " P " indication lamp power (W).
To describe in detail as this part, be set to by the value in formula 1 specified scope, and prevent to be contained in luminescent metal in the electric arc tube and slide in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and electrode pin 21a and the 21b by electrode length L1.The setting of kind electrode length can also prevent to produce the crack in containment member, and suppresses the reaction between containment member and the luminescent metal.This can prevent the variation of colour temperature for a long time, and realizes the long life of lamp.
To be described in detail this.
Whether luminescent metal is easy to slip into the space and depends on temperature in the clearance G.At this, clearance G is the space of all underfill encapsulants between electrode pin 21a and 21b and narrow tube portion 12a and the 12b.Near containment member 24a and the 24b end temperature is even more important.
More specifically, if electrode pin 21a and the 21b temperature in narrow tube portion 12a and 12b is lower than the temperature in discharge space, if the narrow tube portion 12a of encirclement electrode pin 21a and 21b and the temperature of 12b inner surface are lower than the temperature in the discharge space, the luminescent metal of then packing into becomes liquid in clearance G, and liquid luminescent metal penetrates in the clearance G.
On the contrary, when electrode length L1 was set to be not more than the value of (0.041P+8.0) mm, it is enough high that the temperature in the clearance G keeps, and can make liquid luminescent metal vaporization.
Consider this mechanism below.
As mentioned above, in this embodiment, in the clearance G, especially near containment member 24a and the 24b end, temperature keep high, this prevents that luminescent metal is seeped in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and electrode pin 21a and the 21b.
On the contrary, if electrode length L1 is too short, then the temperature of clearance G one side seal member 24a and 24b end will become too high, and this has promoted the reaction between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.
When electrode pin 21a was connected by the LASER BEAM WELDING method with 23b with electrode supporting member 23a with 21b, the surface of welding portion became and contains a large amount of aluminium oxide, thereby had promoted to be exposed to welding portion in the clearance G and the reaction between the luminescent metal.The reaction of luminescent metal has increased tube voltage, and this makes lamp extinguish in early days easily, shortens the useful life of lamp.
In addition, if the temperature of containment member 24a and 24b end becomes too high, then in containment member 24a and 24b, be easy to produce the crack.
On the other hand, if electrode length L1 is set to be not less than the value of (0.041P+0.5) mm, the temperature of containment member 24a and the 24b end De Taigao that can not rise then.This prevents to produce the crack in containment member 24a and 24b, and prevents the reaction between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.
Preferably, reach electrode pin 21a the discharge space and the length of 21b, be referred to herein as outstanding electrode length 11, be set to be not less than 3.0mm and be not more than 6.5mm from narrow tube portion 12a and 12b.Reason is as follows.
If outstanding electrode length 11 is less than 3.0mm, then tube wall will be too near the positive pole of being responsible for boundary vicinity between part 11 and narrow tube portion 12a and the 12b.Because thermal shock, this can promote to produce the crack, and promotes the reaction between tube wall and the metal of packing into (luminescent metal).Equally, if outstanding electrode length 11 greater than 6.5mm, the distance between then anodal and narrow tube portion 12a and the 12b will become too big, makes the temperature of narrow tube portion 12a and 12b and clearance G too low.This is seeped in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and electrode pin 21a and the 21b metal (luminescent metal) that loads on call.Should be pointed out that at this border between narrow tube portion 12a and 12b and the discharge space is exactly the part that narrow tube portion 12a and 12b internal diameter begin to increase basically.
The example of coil 25a and 25b
In example shown in Figure 2, clearance G is present between the outer surface of the inner surface of narrow tube portion 12a and 12b and electrode pin 21a and 21b, and it is poor that the distance in the clearance G between two surfaces equals their diameter.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of example, and wherein coil 25a that is made by molybdenum and 25b are wrapped in around the part that electrode pin 21a and 21b surrounded by narrow tube portion 12a and 12b.
Utilize this layout, clearance G is full of by coil 25a and 25b to a great extent, has reduced the luminescent metal amount of infiltrating in the gap, and makes and be difficult to react between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.But because clearance G is not full of by coil 25a and 25b fully, so luminescent metal still can be seeped in the gap, also still can react between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.
At this, this structure can combine with the value that electrode length L1 (mm) is set to satisfy formula 1 condition and obtain the effect identical with example shown in Figure 2.That is, by this combination, prevent that luminescent metal is seeped in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and electrode pin 21a and the 21b, and prevent the reaction between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.
The shape of electrode and electrode length L1
Fig. 5 A and 5B are the profiles of electric arc tube, are used for explaining electrode length L1.Usually, the length of electrode (electrode length L1) is defined as the length of electrode pin 21a (21b), or the distance between the end of the head of discharge space one lateral coil 22a (22b) and electrode supporting member 23a (23b).This is applicable to the example shown in Fig. 5 A, and wherein the end portion of electrode pin 21a (21b) is embedded among the electrode supporting member 23a (23b).In this case, electrode length L1 equals the length of electrode pin 21a (21b).
On the other hand, in the example shown in Fig. 5 B, wherein coil 25a (25b) is wrapped in electrode pin 21a (21b) among the narrow tube portion 12a (12b) and electrode supporting member 23a (23b) on every side successively, and electrode length L1 is defined as the head of electrode pin 21a (21b) in (i) discharge space or coil 22a (22b) and the (ii) distance between (outside) coil 25a (25b) end.
The thermal conductance of electrode and electrode supporting member
As mentioned above, refractory metals tungsten is as the material of electrode pin 21a and 21b and coil 22a and 22b.Tungsten has the thermal conductance that is not less than 130 (W/m*K).Equally, as shown in Figure 4, coil 25a that is made by molybdenum and 25b also can be wrapped in around electrode pin 21a and the 21b.Molybdenum also has the thermal conductance that is not less than 130 (W/m*K).
Therefore, the electrode of (i) forming by electrode pin 21a and 21b and coil 22a and 22b and (ii) all have the thermal conductance that is not less than 130 (W/m*K) with the electrode that coil 25a and 25b form by electrode pin 21a and 21b, coil 22a and 22b.
On the other hand, a kind of electrically conductive cermet is as the material of electrode supporting member 23a and 23b.Preferably, the thermal conductance as the electrically conductive cermet of electrode supporting member 23a and 23b material will be lower than the thermal conductance of electrode and be not more than 100 (W/m*K).
As conspicuous from experiment 2 results that provide subsequently, this is because when the thermal conductance of electrode supporting member 23a and 23b during with electrode the same high, heat is easy to drain to the electrode supporting member from electrode pin.The temperature that this can reduce in the clearance G slides in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and the electrode pin luminescent metal.
Relation between narrow tube portion length L 2 and the modulation characteristic
In this embodiment, the length of narrow tube portion is called narrow tube portion length, and narrow tube portion length is set to satisfy the value of following formula 2 conditions.
Formula 2
0.032P+3.5≤L2≤0.032P+8.0，
Wherein, " L2 " represents narrow tube portion length (mm), and " P " indication lamp power (W).
Here, to be narrow tube portion 12a (12b) reach the length that caliber begins to increase the part of position from end to narrow tube portion length L 2.Usually, the diameter of the electric arc tube by the part corresponding with narrow tube portion length L 2 is constant basically.
Conspicuous as experiment 3 results shown in subsequently, by this narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to satisfy the layout of the value of formula 2 conditions, prevent that luminescent metal is seeped in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and electrode pin 21a and the 21b.The setting of this narrow tube portion length also prevents to produce the crack in containment member, and suppresses the reaction between containment member and the luminescent metal.This can prevent the variation of colour temperature for a long time, and realizes the long life of lamp.
In order to improve the reliability that reduces the luminescent metal amount of infiltrating the space, it is the value that satisfies formula 1 condition that electrode length L1 preferably is set, and narrow tube portion length L 2 is set for satisfying the value of formula 2 conditions.
To be described in detail this.
Whether luminescent metal is easy to slip into the space and depends on temperature in the clearance G.
More specifically, if electrode pin 21a and the 21b temperature in narrow tube portion 12a and 12b is lower than the temperature in discharge space, if the narrow tube portion 12a of encirclement electrode pin 21a and 21b and the temperature of 12b inner surface are lower than the temperature in the discharge space, the luminescent metal of then packing into becomes liquid in clearance G, not vaporization, and liquid luminescent metal is seeped in the clearance G.
On the contrary, when narrow tube portion length L 2 was set to be not more than the value of (0.032P+8.0) mm, it is enough high that the temperature in the clearance G keeps, and can make liquid luminescent metal vaporization.
Consider this mechanism below.
In the clearance G, especially near containment member 24a and the 24b end, temperature be subjected to the influence of narrow tube portion length L 2 very big.Narrow tube portion length L 2 is long more, and far away more with the distance of positive pole, thermal capacity is big more, in the clearance G, especially near containment member 24a and the 24b end, temperature just low more (opposite, narrow tube portion length L 2 is short more, and the temperature in the clearance G is just high more).
On the contrary, if narrow tube portion length L 2 is too short, then the temperature of clearance G one side seal member 24a and 24b end will become too high, and this can promote the reaction between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.
Under electrode pin 21a and 21b and electrode supporting member 23a and situation that 23b is connected by the LASER BEAM WELDING method, the surface of welding portion becomes and contains a large amount of aluminium oxide, thereby has promoted to be exposed to welding portion in the clearance G and the reaction between the luminescent metal.The reaction of luminescent metal has increased tube voltage, and this is easy to make lamp to extinguish in early days, shortens the useful life of lamp.
In addition, if the temperature of containment member 24a and 24b end becomes too high, then be easy to produce the crack among containment member 24a and the 24b.
On the other hand, if narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to be not less than the value of (0.032P+3.5) mm, then the temperature of containment member 24a and 24b end just can not become too high.This prevents to produce the crack in containment member 24a and 24b, and prevents the reaction between encapsulant and the luminescent metal.
Narrow tube portion length L 2 and lamp are opened the relation between the fault
When the metal vapour lamp utilization comprised the luminescent metal of cerium, lamp might extinguish after opening at once.This phenomenon especially occurs in the initial aging lighting process, and this process is carried out after lamp is produced immediately.But,, can reduce the generation of this problem by narrow tube portion length L 2 being set to satisfy the value of formula 2 conditions.
By narrow tube portion length L 2 being set to satisfy the value of following formula 3 conditions, can strengthening and reduce the effect of opening fault.
0.032P+3.5≤L2≤0.032P+6.0，
Wherein, " L2 " represents narrow tube portion length (mm), and " P " indication lamp power (W).
Describing now lamp opens the mechanism of fault and realizes inhibition to it by narrow tube portion length L 2 being set to a less value.
Fig. 6 is about the mechanism of fault takes place to open.
In Fig. 6, the supply voltage input of " Vm " expression drive circuit, and " Vla " expression is applied to the modulating voltage of lamp.
In Fig. 6, the crest voltage of lamp voltage waveform is equivalent to reignition voltage of arc.
After lamp was opened, modulating voltage Vla raise gradually.Here, if luminescent metal comprises cerium (Ce), reignition voltage of arc will raise rapidly after then lamp was opened several seconds.About figure shown in Figure 6, can find to raise rapidly the 5th waveform place reignition voltage of arc.This be because after lamp is opened when the temperature of arctube walls is elevated to a certain degree, cerium can sharply be vaporized, and causes erratic arc discharge.
At this, when the speed of arctube walls temperature rising is slow, need the temperature of a very long time arctube walls just can be elevated to the degree that causes the cerium vaporization.In this case, when reignition voltage of arc raise rapidly because cerium is vaporized, modulating voltage Vla had been elevated to a quite high level, and this makes reignition voltage of arc raise manyly.Therefore, may appear at that the difference VA between the supply voltage Vm and reignition voltage of arc is " 0 " on this point.
In figure shown in Figure 6, can find to raise rapidly, thereby the difference VA between supply voltage Vm and the reignition voltage of arc is 0 the 5th waveform place reignition voltage of arc.
As mentioned above, the difference VA between supply voltage Vm and reignition voltage of arc becomes 0 moment lamp and will extinguish.
On the contrary, when narrow tube portion length L 2 was set to a less value, what the arctube walls temperature raise speeded up, and cerium will be vaporized in a short period of time.In this case, after cerium vaporization, modulating voltage Vla also is not elevated to a quite high level, even and here reignition voltage of arc raise, the possibility that the difference VA between supply voltage Vm and the reignition voltage of arc becomes " 0 " also is minimum.
Prove by experiment in metal vapour lamp, can be by narrow tube portion length L 2 being set to be not more than the unlatching fault that (0.032P+8.0) mm suppresses lamp, wherein packed in the discharge space luminescent metal of 13.5mg, this luminescent metal is made up of CeI3 (cerium of 5.4mg), NaI (sodium of 7.1mg), TlI (thallium of 0.6mg) and InI (indium of 0.4mg).
Encapsulant inserts the thickness of length 12 and electric arc tube container
In this embodiment, the length that encapsulant inserts narrow tube portion is called encapsulant insertion length 12, and preferably, encapsulant inserts the value that length is set to satisfy following formula 4 conditions.
3.7≤12≤5.5，
Wherein, " 12 " expression encapsulant inserts length (mm).
As conspicuous from experiment 4 results that describe in detail subsequently, this length the reliability that has strengthened lamp length of life containment member is set, and stablized characteristic.
Under the situation of conventional ceramic luminous containers, the thickness t 2 of narrow tube portion is not less than 1.15 times that are responsible for segment thickness t1.
As in this case, when narrow tube portion than be responsible for part when thick (, t2＞t1), in the clearance G, especially near containment member 24a and the 24b end, the easy step-down of temperature.In this case, the narrow tube portion length value that is set to satisfy formula 2 or 3 conditions can prevent effectively that luminescent metal is seeped in the space between narrow tube portion inner surface and electrode pin 21a and the 21b.
Variant and other
In the narrow tube portion below the problem of oozing under the luminescent metal mainly occurs in electrode when vertically placing.Therefore, when knowing which narrow tube portion 12a and 12b position are below in advance, the length setting of explaining above that comprises narrow tube portion length L 2 just can only be applied to following narrow tube portion.Wishing can provide identical effect like this.
Otherwise, because below any one can be placed on, therefore the length setting of preferably explaining above will be applied to two narrow tube portion 12a and 12b.
Example
Prepared the example of metal vapour lamp in this embodiment, wherein lamp power P=300W.The model and the size of element are as follows.
Narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to 15.8mm.
The external diameter of electrode pin 21a and 21b is 0.71mm, and length is 17.8mm.
Electrically conductive cermet as electrode supporting member 23a and 23b is to form by the mixture of drying molybdenum and aluminium oxide.The thermal coefficient of expansion of electrically conductive cermet is 7.0 * 10
-6, thermal conductance is 70 (W/m*K).The external diameter of electrode supporting member 23a and 23b is 1.3mm, and length is 30mm.
The luminescent metal amount that is contained in the discharge space is total to 13.5mg.This luminescent metal is made up of the TlI of the NaI of TmI3, the 3.3mg of HoI3, the 2.6mg of DyI3, the 2.6mg of 2.6mg and 2.4mg.In addition, in discharge space, pack into as the argon of the 20kPa of rare gas.
The internal diameter of narrow tube portion 12a and 12b is 1.3mm.The thickness t 1 of being responsible for part 11 is set to 1.1mm, and the thickness t 2 of narrow tube portion 12a and 12b is set to 1.35mm.
For every kind of example of metal vapour lamp, all carry out following experiment.In these experiments, use the electrode pin 21a and the 21b that make by molybdenum, coil 25a and 25b are centered around around it.
Experiment 1
The example of metal vapour lamp is carried out 3000 hours life experiment, and wherein electrode length L1 is set to 11.8mm, 12.8mm, 16.3mm, 19.8mm and 20.8mm respectively, the variation (K) of increase of measuring tube voltage (V) and colour temperature.
The length of clearance G (end of narrow tube portion 12a (12b) discharge space one side and the distance between containment member 24a (24b) end surfaces) is fixed as 4.5mm.
Table 1 shows experimental result.
In " evaluation " row of table 1, symbol " zero " expression " good ", and symbol " * " expression " bad " (this also is applicable to table 2-6).
Table 1
| Electrode length L1 (mm) | The added value of per 3000 hours tube voltages | The variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures | Estimate |
| 11.8 | 27V | 130K | × |
| 12.8 | 15V | 145K | ○ |
| 16.3 | 7V | 205K | ○ |
| 19.8 | 10V | 280K | ○ |
| 20.8 | 6V | 550K | × |
The experimental result of table 1 show have 12.8mm or more per 3000 hours tube voltages of example of the metal vapour lamp of long electrode length L 1 increase very for a short time.
This can be regarded as because when electrode length L1 be 12.8mm or more in short-term, the temperature of containment member 24a and 24b end can increase abundantly, thereby promotes the reaction with luminescent metal, and opposite, as electrode length L1 during, suppressed the rising of temperature less than 12.8mm.
The experimental result of table 1 shows that also the variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures of the example with the metal vapour lamp that is not less than 19.8mm electrode length L1 is very little.
This can be regarded as because the temperature of narrow tube portion inner wall surface keeps enough high, is seeped in the gap thereby suppress luminescent metal.
As understandable from this experimental result, in the metal vapour lamp of lamp power P=300W, when electrode length L1 is set to 12.8mm to the value of (that is, the scope of formula 1 appointment) between the 19.8mm, the increase that can killer tube voltage and the variation of colour temperature.
The example of the metal vapour lamp of lamp power P=70W also carried out 3000 hours life experiment, wherein the external diameter of electrode pin 21a and 21b is 0.35mm, electrode length L1 is set to 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 7.0mm, 10.8mm and 11.3mm respectively, the variation (K) of increase of measuring tube voltage (V) and colour temperature.
Table 2 shows experimental result, as understandable from the result, and when electrode length L1 is set to 3.5mm to the value of (that is, the scope of formula 1 appointment) between the 10.8mm, the increase that can killer tube voltage and the variation of colour temperature.
Table 2
| Electrode length L1 (mm) | The added value of per 3000 hours tube voltages | The variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures | Estimate |
| 3.0 | 24V | 155K | × |
| 3.5 | 18V | 170K | ○ |
| 7.0 | 7V | 200K | ○ |
| 10.8 | 5V | 240K | ○ |
| 11.3 | 5V | 510K | × |
Should be understood that at this, lamp power P=70W has also been carried out similar experiment to the example of the metal vapour lamp of 400W, proof can suppress the increase of length of life tube voltage and the variation of colour temperature when electrode length L1 is set to satisfy the value of formula 1 specified requirements.
Different proportion to the luminescent metal composition has also carried out similar experiment, proof is when electrode length L1 is set to satisfy the value of formula 1 specified requirements, no matter how many luminescent metal components in proportions is, can suppress the increase of length of life tube voltage and the variation of colour temperature.
Example 2
The example of metal vapour lamp carried out 3000 hours life experiment, wherein electrode length L1 is fixed as 17.8mm, and, measure the variation (K) of colour temperature respectively with having 70,100 and the cermet of 110W/m*K thermal conductance and have the material of the molybdenum of 138W/m*K thermal conductance as the electrode supporting member.
Table 3 shows experimental result.
Table 3
| The material of electrode supporting member | Thermal conductance (W/m*K) | The variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures | Estimate |
| Cermet | 70 | 200K | ○ |
| Cermet | 100 | 240K | ○ |
| Cermet | 110 | 380K | × |
| Molybdenum | 138 | 525K | × |
As understandable from the result, when having the material that is not less than the 100W/m*K thermal conductance as the material of electrode supporting member 23a and 23b, the altering a great deal of length of life colour temperature.This can be regarded as because when the electrode supporting member has high thermal conductance, heat is easy to drain to the electrode supporting member from electrode pin, and this can reduce in the clearance G, especially near containment member 24a and the 24b end, temperature, thereby luminescent metal is seeped in the gap.
Example 3
The example of metal vapour lamp is carried out 3000 hours life experiment, and wherein narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to 10.0mm, 11.6mm, 13.1mm, 15.0mm, 17.6mm and 19.1mm respectively, measures the possibility that produces the crack and the variation of colour temperature.
Electrode length L1 is fixed as 17.6mm, and encapsulant insertion length 12 is fixed as 4.5mm.
Table 4 shows experimental result.
In " evaluation " row of table 4, symbol " ◎ " expression " fabulous " (this also is applicable to table 5).
Table 4
| Narrow tube portion length L 2 (mm) | Produced the possibility in crack in per 3000 hours | The variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures | Estimate |
| 10.0 | 4/8 | 155K | × |
| 11.6 | 1/10 | 185K | × |
| 13.1 | 0/10 | 220K | ◎ |
| 15.6 | 0/10 | 230K | ◎ |
| 17.6 | 0/8 | 300K | ○ |
| 19.1 | 0/7 | 430K | × |
As understandable from the result, narrow tube portion length L 2 be provided be not more than 11.6mm metal vapour lamp can produce the crack, and narrow tube portion length L 2 be provided be not less than 13.1mm metal vapour lamp to produce the possibility in crack just very little.This can be regarded as because when narrow tube portion length L 2 is not less than 13.1mm, use as a lamp bright after, the temperature of electrode supporting member and the containment member De Taigao that can not rise in the narrow tube portion, this has prevented the reaction and the thermal expansion of these members and luminescent metal.
As mentioned above, should be appreciated that in the metal vapour lamp of lamp power P=300W, when narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to 13.1mm to the value of (that is, the scope of formula 2 appointments) between the 17.6mm, can suppress the generation in crack and the variation of colour temperature.
The example of the metal vapour lamp of lamp power P=70W also carried out 3000 hours life experiment, wherein narrow tube portion length L 2 is set to 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 5.8mm, 8.0mm, 10.0mm and 11.0mm respectively, measures the possibility in generation crack and the variation (K) of colour temperature.
Table 5 shows experimental result, as understandable from the result, in the metal vapour lamp of lamp power P=70W, when narrow tube portion length L 2 be set to 5.8mm between the 10.0mm (promptly, during the scope of formula 2 appointments) value, can suppress to produce the variation of the possibility and the colour temperature in crack.
Table 5
| Narrow tube portion length L 2 (mm) | Produced the possibility in crack in per 3000 hours | The variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures | Estimate |
| 4.0 | 3/8 | 165K | × |
| 5.0 | 2/8 | 180K | × |
| 5.8 | 0/10 | 190K | ◎ |
| 8.0 | 0/10 | 210K | ◎ |
| 10.0 | 0/10 | 295K | ○ |
| 11.0 | 0/5 | 500K | × |
Example 4
The example of metal vapour lamp carried out 3000 hours life experiment, wherein electrode length L1 and narrow tube portion length L 2 are fixed as 17.6mm and 15.8mm respectively, and encapsulant insertion length 12 is set to 3.2mm, 3.7mm, 5.5mm and 6.0mm respectively, measures the possibility in generation crack in containment member and the variation of colour temperature.
Table 6 shows experimental result.
Table 6
| Encapsulant inserts length 12 (mm) | Produced the possibility in crack in per 3000 hours | The variation of per 3000 hours colour temperatures | Estimate |
| 3.2 | 0/6 | 455K | × |
| 3.7 | 0/8 | 280K | ○ |
| 5.5 | 0/10 | 220K | ○ |
| 6.0 | 2/7 | 200K | × |
As understandable from the result, when encapsulant insertion length 12 was not more than 5.5mm, the possibility that produces the crack was very little.This can be regarded as because when encapsulant insertion length 12 is not more than 5.5mm, use as a lamp bright after, the temperature of electrode supporting member and the containment member De Taigao that can not rise in the narrow tube portion, this has prevented the reaction and the thermal expansion of these members and luminescent metal.
On the other hand, should be appreciated that from the result shown in the table 6 variation of length of life colour temperature is very little when encapsulant insertion length 12 is not less than 3.7mm.This can be regarded as because when encapsulant insertion length 12 is not less than 3.7mm, and it is enough high that the temperature of containment member end keeps, thereby can prevent that luminescent metal is seeped in the clearance G.
Although intactly invention has been described by example and with reference to respective drawings, should be pointed out that for a person skilled in the art various modifications and variations are conspicuous.Therefore, unless these modifications and variations have deviated from scope of the present invention, they all should be counted as and be included in wherein.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of metal vapour lamp with electric arc tube, wherein
Electric arc tube comprises a container of being made by semitransparent ceramics, and this container is divided into one and is responsible for part and two narrow tube portions that stretch out from these person in charge's part two ends respectively,
In being responsible for part, form a discharge space, the luminescent metal of in this discharge space, packing into,
An electrode is all arranged in each narrow tube portion, and a coil is wrapped in the end of this electrode surface to discharge space,
All insert an electrode supporting member in each narrow tube portion and be connected to the other end of electrode,
Electric arc tube is inserted into the encapsulant sealing in each space between each electrode supporting member and each the narrow tube portion,
The length of each narrow tube portion in the scope of (0.032P+6.0) mm, comprises this two end points at (0.032P+3.5) mm, and wherein " P " expression is the lamp power of unit with the watt,
Described lamp power comprises this two end points in 70 watts to 360 watts scope, and
Be contained in the luminescent metal of being responsible in the part and comprise cerium.
2, metal vapour lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein encapsulant never is inserted in each narrow tube portion towards the outer end of discharge space, and the length of encapsulant in the scope of 5.5mm, comprises this two end points at 3.7mm in each narrow tube portion.
3, metal vapour lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of each narrow tube portion is not less than 1.15 times that are responsible for segment thickness.
4, metal vapour lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Each electrode supporting member is all made by cermet.
5, metal vapour lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Be responsible for part and narrow tube portion and form one.
6, a kind of lighting apparatus comprises a main body, a lighting circuit equipment that is arranged in the metal vapour lamp of this main body and is connected to this metal vapour lamp, and this metal vapour lamp has an electric arc tube, wherein
Electric arc tube comprises a container of being made by semitransparent ceramics, and this container is divided into one and is responsible for part and two narrow tube portions that stretch out from these person in charge's part two ends respectively,
In being responsible for part, form a discharge space, the luminescent metal of in this discharge space, packing into,
An electrode is all arranged in each narrow tube portion, and a coil is wrapped in the end of this electrode surface to discharge space,
All insert an electrode supporting member in each narrow tube portion and be connected to the other end of electrode,
Electric arc tube is inserted into the encapsulant sealing in each space between each electrode supporting member and each the narrow tube portion,
The length of each narrow tube portion in the scope of (0.032P+6.0) mm, comprises this two end points at (0.032P+3.5) mm, and wherein " P " expression is the lamp power of unit with the watt,
Described lamp power comprises this two end points in 70 watts to 360 watts scope, and
Be contained in the luminescent metal of being responsible in the part and comprise cerium.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP255951/2002 | 2002-08-30 | ||
| JP2002255951 | 2002-08-30 | ||
| JP255952/2002 | 2002-08-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031556280A Division CN100342483C (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2003-08-29 | Metal vapor discharge lamp with stable characteristics and luminating device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101047104A CN101047104A (en) | 2007-10-03 |
| CN100576421C true CN100576421C (en) | 2009-12-30 |
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| CN200710085811A Expired - Fee Related CN100576421C (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2003-08-29 | The metal vapour lamp and the lighting apparatus that can keep stability characteristic (quality) |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0523782A2 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-20 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure sodium lamp |
| US5352952A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1994-10-04 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | High-pressure discharge lamp with ceramic discharge vessel |
| CN1204858A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-13 | 电灯专利信托有限公司 | High-tension discharge lamp with ceramic discharge cavity |
| EP0991097A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2000-04-05 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation | High-pressure electrical discharge lamp and lighting device |
| US6208070B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2001-03-27 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Metal vapor discharged lamp with specific angle between electrodes and tapered envelope wall |
-
2003
- 2003-08-29 CN CN200710085811A patent/CN100576421C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0523782A2 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-20 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure sodium lamp |
| US5352952A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1994-10-04 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | High-pressure discharge lamp with ceramic discharge vessel |
| US5484315A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1996-01-16 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Method for producing a metal-halide discharge lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel |
| CN1204858A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-13 | 电灯专利信托有限公司 | High-tension discharge lamp with ceramic discharge cavity |
| US6208070B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2001-03-27 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Metal vapor discharged lamp with specific angle between electrodes and tapered envelope wall |
| EP0991097A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2000-04-05 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation | High-pressure electrical discharge lamp and lighting device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101047104A (en) | 2007-10-03 |
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