CN100575523C - Be used to dig up mine and the carbamide tool of Application in Building and make the method for this instrument - Google Patents
Be used to dig up mine and the carbamide tool of Application in Building and make the method for this instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN100575523C CN100575523C CN200480037135A CN200480037135A CN100575523C CN 100575523 C CN100575523 C CN 100575523C CN 200480037135 A CN200480037135 A CN 200480037135A CN 200480037135 A CN200480037135 A CN 200480037135A CN 100575523 C CN100575523 C CN 100575523C
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- Prior art keywords
- surface portion
- ball tooth
- tool blade
- tackiness agent
- particle size
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cemented carbide cutting tool blade/ball tooth of digging up mine and building of being used to, this cemented carbide cutting tool blade/ball tooth comprises the hard composition of Co and/or Ni tackiness agent phase and at least one surface portion and inside, inner little of particle size in this surface portion.Surface portion with fine grain size has inner low tackiness agent phase content.
Description
The present invention relates to the cemented carbide body in a kind of boring/parting tool that is preferred for rock and mineral.And comprise and be used for pitch and concrete carbamide tool.Or rather, the present invention relates to the carbamide tool that makes by sintering technology, wherein have two kinds of different microstructure area with complementary characteristic.
In Wimet, particle size and tackiness agent phase (as cobalt) content all have influence to performance of composites.For example, wolfram varbide is less/cause better abrasion resistance material than fine particle size.Usually the increase of cobalt contents causes flexible to increase.
Wimet with fine grain size makes by composite grain fining agent in initial powder mixture.The whole microstructure of this Wimet all has fine grain size.The Wimet of coarse particles size is not sneaked into any grain refiner and is made by sintering, because tend to WC particle alligatoring in sintering as the Wimet of WC-Co matrix material.The whole microstructure of this Wimet all has the coarse particles size.What can know is that these sterosomes all have unified microstructure at whole cemented carbide body.
Cemented carbide body with at least two different microstructure area is known in this area.It is open in EP-A-951576 for example to have other drilling machine unbearable and higher rank brill lid that resistance to wears of tough Wimet level.
EP-A-194018 relates to a kind of wire poking module that is made by the perisphere of coarse grained tungsten carbide particle central core and more fine grain tungsten carbide particle.Initial these layers have identical cobalt contents.The cobalt contents of the coarse-particle bed at center reduces after the sintering.
EP-A-257869 discloses a kind of drills for stone ball tooth with resistance to wear top and strong heart portion.This top is made by the powder with low Co content and meticulous WC particle size, and heart portion is made by the powder with high Co content and thick WC particle.Any content about Co content in these two portions after sintering is not disclosed.Yet the Co content in the raw granulate fraction also will reduce because of the increase of Co content in the fine granular layer in this case.The similar visible US 4,359,335 of disclosure.
Optionally method is disclosed in US 4,743, and in 515, it discloses the cemented carbide body that is preferred for rock-boring and mineral cutting.Cemented carbide body comprises the Wimet nuclear that contains the η phase, and this Wimet nuclear is surrounded by the carbide surface zone that does not contain the η phase, and the cobalt contents on surface is low and cobalt contents next-door neighbour η region is higher.US 4,843, and 039 is also similar, but it relates to the coated cutting tool that is used for metal processing.
US 5,623, and 723 disclose the method that a kind of manufacturing has the cemented carbide body in wear-resistant surfaces zone.This method comprises the following steps: to provide the Wimet pressed compact; The grain refiner powder is placed at least a portion of exposed surface of pressed compact; And this pressed compact of thermal treatment and grain refiner powder be so that grain refiner is diffused into the center of pressed compact, thereby upcountry formed surf zone and formed interior region by the exposed surface that is placed with grain refiner.Therefore obtain following cemented carbide body: surf zone have the smaller particles size but Co content than the inside height of this cemented carbide body.This means the abrasion resistance that the increases forfeiture to a certain extent that obtains owing to less WC particle size because of the increase of Co content.
Therefore the object of the present invention is to provide the method for a kind of cemented carbide body and this cemented carbide body of manufacturing, the surf zone of this cemented carbide body has low adhesive phase content and meticulous WC particle size and therefore has high abrasion resistance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of carbide chip/ball tooth, and this carbide chip/ball tooth has stress under compression at surface portion, and the intensity and the toughness of this blade/ball tooth all have active influence.
Be surprised to find and may have obtained following cemented carbide body by the independent mixture of wolfram varbide and tackiness agent: surface portion is compared with inside has smaller particles size and lower cobalt contents.
Fig. 1 shows hardness (HV3) and cobalt contents (WDS-analysiss) and from the chart of the distance on surface, and wherein the grain refiner powder places the ball tooth according to the application that is used to dig up mine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows chromium content (WDS-analysiss) and from the chart of the distance on surface, wherein the grain refiner powder places according on the ball tooth of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a is the microgram (FEG-SEM, 2000x, BSE pattern) of the microstructure at 20 μ m places, range of a signal surface, and wherein the grain refiner powder places according on the ball tooth of the present invention.
Fig. 3 b is the microgram (FEG-SEM, 2000x, BSE pattern) of the microstructure at 2.5mm place, range of a signal surface, and wherein the fining agent powder places according on the ball tooth of the present invention.
Fig. 3 c is the microgram (FEG-SEM, 2000x, BSE pattern) that shows the microstructure of ball tooth of the present invention inside (center).
According to the present invention, a kind of sintered-carbide tool blade for mining and Application in Building/ball tooth is provided, comprise at least one surface portion, very low and its width of this surface portion binder content is that doubly, preferably 0.1-0.5 is doubly for the 0.05-0.9 of diameter/width of cemented carbide body, most preferably 0.15-0.4 doubly, and particle size is lower than inner low and Co content ratio inside, and this causes the afterwards compression stress on surface of sintering. More particularly the Co content of surface portion＜1 times, preferably＜0.9 times, inside Co content most preferably＜0.75 times, and the WC particle size of surf zone＜1 times, preferably＜0.9 times, inside WC particle size most preferably＜0.8 times. Preferably this surf zone contains Cr so that the parameter A of surface portion (=(% by weight Cr/ % by weight adhesive phase)+0.01) and the ratio A/B between the B parameter (=(% by weight Cr/ % by weight adhesive phase)+0.01) of the Subsampling of the minimum Cr content of alloy body＞1.5, preferably A/B＞3.0.
The composition of carbide alloy is WC+Co, has the 4-25 % by weight, preferably the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of the nominal Co content of 5-10 % by weight and intercepting value is 1-15 μ m, the nominal WC particle size of 1.5-5 μ m preferably.
In one embodiment, this carbide alloy contains the η phase.
In another embodiment, the Co content between fine granular part and the raw granulate fraction is the highest.
The present invention also relates to the method that a kind of manufacturing has the cemented carbide body of wear-resistant surf zone, this method comprises the following steps:
-the Wimet pressed compact is provided, this Wimet pressed compact makes by containing the independent powder that forms hard composition and Co and/or Ni tackiness agent powder mutually;
-possibly this pressed compact is ground into required shape and size;
-place at least a portion of pressed compact exposed surface the preferably any chromium carbide (Cr of grain refiner by the powder that dips in, spraying, application strip or alternate manner will contain grain refiner
3C
2, Cr
23C
6And Cr
7C
3Or their mixture) or the mixture of carbon and chromium or other contain chromium and carbon and/or nitrogen compound;
This pressed compact of-sintering and grain refiner powder make grain refiner open from the surface diffusion that is applied with grain refiner, thus form compare with inside have the low adhesive phase content, the gradient region of high chromium content and little WC particle size;
-add balanced air pressure to obtain DB in the agglomerating final stage possibly;
-possibly be lower than under the temperature of sintering temperature and the pressure of 1-100MPa under carry out back HIP.
-grind into net shape possibly;
-use possibly to grind or any other mechanical means is removed unwanted carbide and/or graphite from the surface;
Sintering time is short in as far as possible to obtain having the DB of comparing the less and surface portion that cobalt contents is lower of particle size with inside.
The nominal carbon content of Wimet pressed compact should be determined by the carbon that the grain refiner of considering to be applied is brought.And can use the pressed compact that will cause containing η phase microstructure.Sintering should carry out the as far as possible short time to obtain required structure and to have the alloy body of sealed porosity, DB preferably.Sintering time depends on the composition of the particle size of WC and Wimet and therefore can not more critically be determined.Those skilled in the art can determine whether to have obtained this required structure and change sintering condition according to this specification sheets.Vacation if required, this alloy physical efficiency under the HIP temperature of comparing low and under the pressure of 2-100MPa with sintering temperature by back HIP.
Alternatively, grain refiner/chromium carbide powder places on the alloy body of presintering, after this alloy body under the temperature higher than pre-sintering temperature by thermal treatment to obtain required structure.
The Wimet pressed compact is following to be made: become cylindric pressed compact (diameter 12mm) from powders compression, this powder has following composition: 94 weight %WC and 6 weight %Co.The relative particle of WC starting material is 3.0 μ m (FSSS) than thick and average particle size particle size.All surfaces are by with containing Cr
3C
2Thin layer (0.02g Cr
3C
2/ cm
2) cover.This pressed compact is sintered 30 minutes under 1350 ℃ afterwards.Apply the balanced air pressure of 10MPa to obtain DB at agglomerating in last 15 minutes.Detect the cross section of agglomerating ball tooth.Outwardly less than any Cr
3C
2Fig. 1 has shown hardness and cobalt contents and from advance by Cr
3C
2The chart of the distance on the surface that covers.Cobalt contents is minimum near the surface and increase along with the increase of distance after maximum value and reduce once more.Hardness is the highest near the surface and reduce to raise once more towards the center after minimum value along with the increase of distance.Fig. 2 be show chromium content with from advance by Cr
3C
2The chart of the distance on the surface that covers.Chromium content is the highest near the surface and reduce along with the increase of distance.Fig. 3 a is the microgram (FEG-SEM, 2000x, BSE pattern) of range of a signal surface 20 μ m place microstructures.Fig. 3 b is the microgram (FEG-SEM, 2000x, BSE pattern) of 2.5mm place, range of a signal surface microstructure.Fig. 3 c is that (distance is in advance by Cr in display ball tooth inside
3C
2The microgram (FEG-SEM, 2000x, BSE pattern) of the microstructure surperficial 6mm place that covers).The WC particle size that is measured as the arithmetical av of intercepting value is presented in the table 1.
Table 1
| Distance apart from the surface | Average particle size particle size [μ m] |
| 20μm | 1.5 |
| 2.5mm | 1.8 |
| 6.0mm | 1.8 |
Claims (17)
1. one kind is used to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of digging up mine and building, this carbamide tool blade or ball tooth comprise hard composition and at least one surface portion and the inside of Co tackiness agent phase, inner little of particle size is characterized in that the surface portion with fine grain size has inner low tackiness agent phase content in this surface portion;
Surface portion contains Cr makes parameter A=((weight %Cr/ weight % tackiness agent phase)+0.01) and ratio A/B＞1.5 between B parameter=((weight %Cr/ weight % tackiness agent phase)+0.01) of the part sampling of the minimum Cr content of alloy body of surface portion;
And wherein the Co content between fine granular part and the raw granulate fraction is the highest.
2. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 1, it is characterized in that the tackiness agent phase content of inside of tackiness agent phase content＜1 times of surface portion.
3. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the WC particle size of inside of WC particle size＜1 times of surface portion.
4. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 1 or 2, the width that it is characterized in that having the described surface portion of inner low tackiness agent phase content be the width of carbamide tool blade or ball tooth diameter 0.05-0.9 doubly.
5. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 1 or 2, the composition that it is characterized in that Wimet is the WC+ tackiness agent, and having the nominal binder content of 4-25 weight % and the arithmetical av of intercepting value is the nominal sintering WC particle size of 1-15 μ m.
6. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that containing the η phase.
7. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 1, it is characterized in that A/B＞3.0.
8. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 2, it is characterized in that the tackiness agent phase content of inside of tackiness agent phase content＜0.9 times of surface portion.
9. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 2, it is characterized in that the tackiness agent phase content of inside of tackiness agent phase content＜0.75 times of surface portion.
10. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 3, it is characterized in that the WC particle size of inside of WC particle size＜0.9 times of surface portion.
11., it is characterized in that the WC particle size of inside of WC particle size＜0.8 times of surface portion according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 3.
12. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 4, the width that it is characterized in that having the described surface portion of inner low tackiness agent phase content be the width of carbide chip or ball tooth diameter 0.1-0.5 doubly.
13. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 4, the width that it is characterized in that having the described surface portion of inner low tackiness agent phase content be the width of carbamide tool blade or ball tooth diameter 0.15-0.4 doubly.
14. according to the carbamide tool blade or the ball tooth of claim 5, it is characterized in that the nominal binder content is 5-10 weight %, and the arithmetical av that Wimet has an intercepting value is the nominal sintering WC particle size of 1.5-5 μ m.
15. a manufacturing has the method for the cemented carbide body of wear-resistant surf zone, this method comprises the following steps:
-Wimet that is made by independent powder pressed compact is provided;
-grain refiner the powder that will contain carbon and/or nitrogen places at least a portion of exposed surface of pressed compact, and grain refiner contains Cr;
This pressed compact of-sintering and grain refiner powder make grain refiner to the diffusion of the center of alloy body, thereby the exposed surface place that is placed with grain refiner from it inwardly forms surf zone and forms interior region;
It is characterized in that time that described sintering carries out is to obtain having the DB of comparing the less and surface portion that cobalt contents is lower of particle size with inside.
16. the method according to claim 15 is characterized in that, place at least a portion of exposed surface of pressed compact at the grain refiner powder that will contain carbon and/or nitrogen before, the presintering pressed compact also grinds into required shape and size with this pressed compact.
17. the method according to claim 15 is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of after the sintering pressed compact:
-add balanced air pressure to obtain DB in the sintering final stage;
-be lower than under the temperature of sintering temperature and the pressure of 1-100MPa under carry out back HIP;
-grind into net shape;
-containing at the grain refiner powder under the situation of carbon, use grinds or any other mechanical means is removed unwanted carbide and/or graphite from the surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE03033602 | 2003-12-15 | ||
| SE0303360A SE526601C2 (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2003-12-15 | Cemented carbide tool for metal cutting or metal forming, has main body with surface portion having smaller Wc grain size than interior portion and lower binder phase content than interior portion |
| SE03034865 | 2003-12-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1894431A CN1894431A (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| CN100575523C true CN100575523C (en) | 2009-12-30 |
Family
ID=30439686
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200480037135A Active CN100575523C (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2004-12-07 | Be used to dig up mine and the carbamide tool of Application in Building and make the method for this instrument |
| CNA2004101002975A Pending CN1636653A (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | Cemented carbide insert and method of making the same |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004101002975A Pending CN1636653A (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | Cemented carbide insert and method of making the same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN100575523C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE526601C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104525952A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-22 | 四川科力特硬质合金股份有限公司 | Preparation method of hard alloy pressed blank adapted to general mechanical processing |
| CN105331838A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-02-17 | 浙江恒成硬质合金有限公司 | Preparation method of gradient alloy |
| US11060155B2 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2021-07-13 | Pramet Tools, S.R.O. | Surface hardening of cemented carbide body |
| WO2017178084A1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Three dimensional printing of cermet or cemented carbide |
| CN107900328A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-04-13 | 重庆琅博宛冶金材料有限公司 | Powder furnace charge sintering equipment |
| EP3546608B1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2023-06-07 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Tools AB | A rock drill insert |
| EP3653743A1 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-20 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Tools AB | Binder redistribution within a cemented carbide mining insert |
| CN113580275B (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2023-07-18 | 江苏华昌工具制造有限公司 | High-strength alloy particle saw blade |
-
2003
- 2003-12-15 SE SE0303360A patent/SE526601C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-12-07 CN CN200480037135A patent/CN100575523C/en active Active
- 2004-12-15 CN CNA2004101002975A patent/CN1636653A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE526601C2 (en) | 2005-10-18 |
| CN1636653A (en) | 2005-07-13 |
| SE0303360L (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| CN1894431A (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| SE0303360D0 (en) | 2003-12-15 |
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