CN100575441C - A kind of coal surface solidifying agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of coal surface solidifying agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100575441C CN100575441C CN200710063294A CN200710063294A CN100575441C CN 100575441 C CN100575441 C CN 100575441C CN 200710063294 A CN200710063294 A CN 200710063294A CN 200710063294 A CN200710063294 A CN 200710063294A CN 100575441 C CN100575441 C CN 100575441C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of coal surface solidifying agent and preparation method thereof, its prescription is: the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.5～1.5wt%; 0.3 the concentration of～0.6wt% is 1% potassium permanganate solution; The starch of 4～6wt%; The concentration of 2～5wt% is 5% borax or boric acid solution; The concentration of 4～8wt% is 10% caustic soda soln; Surplus is a water.Coal surface solidifying agent of the present invention sprays or is coated on the surface of compartment coal, can make coal form a cured layer on the surface, avoids coal airborne dust loss to dust pollution along the line and coal in railway transport course.Transportation by railroad and the existing huge economic benefit of coal customers also there is social benefit of environment protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal surface solidifying agent and preparation method thereof, this solidifying agent is mainly used in the railway Coal Transport, prevents the loss of coal in transit and to the pollution of environment.
Background technology
Present stage, Chinese coal generally all adopts the open-top car transportation in transportation by railroad.In the transportation, because what roadbed, track switch and rail facility caused jolts, add wind effect, particularly when train enters the tunnel, because the effect of " Piston Wind " can form powerful rough air of moment, surperficial tiny Pulverized Coal is by the car body that blows off, fall to being spread across the road surface, rolling of the follow-up vehicle of process forms the higher reentrainment of dust of small concentration of particle diameter again.The result is scattered the coal dust on surface, coal seam in the vehicle, causes the loss of coal and pollution caused by coal dust along the line.Carry out the research of coal surface cure in the railway Coal Transport process for this reason, important practical sense is arranged.Simultaneously, the loss that this causes in transportation by railroad bulk materials such as other fine powder mineral aggregates and the solution of pollution problem also have certain reference value.
Present situation in the Chinese Railway Coal Transport process.At first, environment is caused severe contamination.Be scattered in coal dust along the line, produce reentrainment of dust when follow-up train passes through, form a pollution zone, the ecotope along the line for railway pollutes.Railway both sides 50-100m is affected with crops, trees normal growth in the interior farmland.And other carbody of process also produced severe contamination.Secondly, very big to the equipment influence.The coal dust severe contamination railway roadbed of railway track, aggravated the degree that hardens, at serious pollution section, coal dust has buried component such as fastener, concrete slab sleeper, bring sizable difficulty for the daily maintenance of works department, the seriously corroded to rail and fastener causes potential safety hazard.Because the pollution of coal dust makes very difficulty of signal communications ordinary maintenance.Often cause the short circuit of power supply insulator, discharge, shortened work-ing life, brought very big inconvenience for daily upkeep operation.The 3rd, traffic safety is constituted a threat to.When train passed through the tunnel, even if be lower than under the compartment 15cm situation at the lade height, the diameter coal grain of big (D=2cm-5cm) also can blow out outside the car.The speed that the thickness of coal grain is sentenced every month about 20cm at tunnel entrance increases, coal dust concentration in the tunnel makes us suffocating, insufficient visibility 10m,, not only had a strong impact on locomotive steward De lookout, and because coal dust has stopped up the locomotive radiator-grid, electrical equipment operating ambient temperature in the locomotive is raise, often cause equipment failure, its serviceability rate and degree of safety are reduced, the operating safety of train in serious threat.The 4th, severe exacerbation worker and passenger's environment.Coal dust in the tunnel is invaded locomotive attendant room in a large number, worsened steward's Working environment, the coal dust of kicking up produces dust pollution to environment such as station, roadside, road junctions, and particularly the worker to operation in the tunnel of being everlasting is engaged in, electricity is engaged in and power supply worker healthy causes serious harm.For some sealings is not good common vehicle, and coal dust flies in the car, and passenger's health has been brought serious threat.The 5th, potential serious potential safety hazard.According to measuring and calculating, (the coal dust explosion concentration limit is 114mg/m if the coal dust concentration in the tunnel reaches its dust explosive concentration scope
3), just may cause an explosion accident serious threat driving and personnel safety in case meet naked light (as contact system discharge, gug train braking flashing etc.).In addition, because a large amount of losses of coal in the transportation make client's economic interests also be subjected to huge infringement.According to statistics, 0.5 ton of the every km average loss in transportation of per car skin cleaned coal, this energy to China also is a kind of huge waste.Simultaneously, railway interests need expend great amount of manpower and material resources in order to clean pollution caused by coal dust along the line every year.
At present, the method that stops coal to be scattered mainly contains following several.The one, add a cover method.Every joint car body is added a cover the pollution that can effectively prevent coal dust, but the cost height, useful load is low.And hold, a series of actions and open and close position such as lid and unlimited direction can be disguised coal to existing machinery, the process of unloading coal exerts an influence, be difficult to and existing automatic production line is complementary, unworkable on rail vehicle in the reality.The 2nd,, the paulin covering method.But railway level of automation height along the line, vehicle flowrate are big, and operating speed is fast, need a large amount of manpowers just can finish, and it is too slow that paulin covers, removes speed, also needs the loopback paulin, because tarpaulin is lost, breakage, cause price higher simultaneously, always can not widespread use.The 3rd, the watering method.Watering is the most frequently used method of control dust pollution.But in the special exsiccant environment of natural condition because evaporation rapidly, spray consumption worker frequent, consuming time, water in a large number, not only with high costs, also be difficult to reach continuously the requirement of environmental quality.
Therefore, provide a kind of nontoxic, tasteless, with low cost, be convenient to operation and implement, be easy to prepare and the coal surface solidifying agent of compliance with environmental protection requirements just becomes the present technique field and is badly in need of the technical barrier that will solve.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of nontoxic, tasteless, with low cost, is convenient to operation and implements, is easy to prepare and the coal surface solidifying agent of compliance with environmental protection requirements.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of coal surface solidifying agent, its prescription is: the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.5～1.5wt%; 0.3 the potassium permanganate solution of～0.6wt% (concentration is 1wt%); The starch of 4～6wt%; The borax of 2～5wt% or boric acid solution (concentration is 5wt%); The caustic soda soln of 4～8wt% (concentration is 10wt%); Surplus is a water.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described starch is W-Gum or wheat starch or sweet potato starch or potato starch.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the proportioning of described polyvinyl alcohol is 1.0%; The proportioning of described potassium permanganate solution is 0.4%; The proportioning of described caustic soda soln is 5%; The proportioning of described borax or boric acid solution is 3%; The proportioning of described starch is 5wt%.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned coal surface solidifying agent.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches by the following technical programs:
A kind of preparation method of coal surface solidifying agent, its step is as follows:
The first step: graft modification
According to material rate, add Total Water 50% in reactor, add polyvinyl alcohol again, stir, be warming up to 95～99 ℃, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, be cooled to 50～60 ℃, add starch, stir and be incubated 1 hour and carry out graft modification;
Second step: oxidation
After the modification, material is cooled to 35 ℃, adds potassium permanganate solution then, oxidizing reaction 1 hour;
The 3rd step: gelatinization reaction
Under the stirring state, slowly add caustic soda soln in reactor, material moment retrogradation is carried out gelatinization and is reacted half an hour;
The 4th step: stable, crosslinked
At last, add remainder water in reactor, stir, add borax or boric acid solution then, stirring reaction obtains product half an hour.
Among the present invention, water is solvent; Potassium permanganate is oxygenant; Polyvinyl alcohol and starch are linking agent; Borax or boric acid are the bonding toughener.Polyvinyl alcohol and starch all are polyhydric macromolecular cpds, and the starch of partial oxidation also has some carboxyls, and under certain condition, their grafting dehydrations mutually form network structure, and bonding strength is obviously improved.So the method rice that adopts graft modification adds the solidification intensity of strong coal solidifying agent.Starch is through oxidation, and the some glucoside key ruptures, and makes decrease in molecular weight, the C in the D-glucose
2And C
3The oxidized fracture of key generates carboxymethyl, or is oxidized to carboxyl.Oxygenant plays degraded, produces the dispersion of the high solid substance of low viscosity, can resist viscosity increased and gel, produces carboxyl and carbonyl, the bounding force of enhancing and coal, and make the amylose starch retrogradation be tending towards bottom line.Simultaneously, reduce the association that hydrogen bond causes in the starch.Many carboxyls and carbonyl are arranged in the starch after the oxidation, add NaOH, generate sodium salt, strengthened wetting ability and solvability, avoided hydrogen bond association between carboxyl.Simultaneously, pectin protein and sugar in the W-Gum are changed into colloid.In the solidifying agent after the gelatinization, add borax or boric acid, boron atom unoccupied orbital wherein and [B
4O
5(OH)
2]
2 -With in the Sumstar 190-OH ,-CO-combination forms cancellated multinuclear ligand, increases the cohesive action of solidifying agent, and the viscosity of solidifying agent, surface tension are increased, force of cohesion and stability are improved.Because the oxidation capacity of permanganic acid itself is strong, so do not need to add catalyzer.Potassium permanganate solution is a purple in addition, and reaction end is easy to observe, and can not cause the excessive of oxygenant, so do not need to add reductive agent Sulfothiorine etc.
Surface with coal surface solidifying agent of the present invention sprays or be coated on compartment coal can make coal form a cured layer on the surface, avoids coal airborne dust loss to dust pollution along the line and coal in railway transport course.And can not cause environmental pollution.Transportation by railroad and the existing huge economic benefit of coal customers also there is social benefit of environment protection.
The present invention will be further described below by specific embodiments and the drawings, but and do not mean that limiting the scope of the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synthesis process flow diagram of coal surface solidifying agent of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Proportioning raw materials:
Material name proportioning (wt%) material name proportioning (wt%)
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.5 potassium permanganate solution (concentration is 1wt%) 0.4
Starch 4 boraxs or boric acid solution (concentration is 5wt%) 2
Caustic soda soln (concentration is 10wt%) 4 water 99.1
Operation sequence:
As shown in Figure 1, according to material rate, 50% water that adds Total Water adds polyvinyl alcohol 0.5% again in reactor, stir, be warming up to 99 ℃, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, be cooled to 60 ℃, add W-Gum 4%, stir and be incubated 1h and carry out graft modification; After the modification, material is cooled to 35 ℃, adds potassium permanganate solution 0.3% then, and oxidizing reaction 1h watches solution colour, gradually becomes colourless by purple; Under stirring state, slowly the caustic soda soln 4% that adds is in reactor then, and material moment retrogradation is carried out gelatinization and reacted half an hour.At last, add excess water in reactor, stir, add borax or boric acid solution 2% then, stirring reaction obtains product half an hour.
Embodiment 2
Proportioning raw materials:
Material name proportioning (wt%) material name proportioning (wt%)
Polyvinyl alcohol 1.5 potassium permanganate solutions (concentration is 1wt%) 0.6
Starch 6 boraxs or boric acid solution (concentration is 5wt%) 5
Caustic soda soln (concentration is 10wt%) 8 water 78.9
Operation sequence:
As shown in Figure 1, according to material rate, 50% water that adds Total Water adds polyvinyl alcohol 1.5% again in reactor, stir, be warming up to 99 ℃, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, be cooled to 60 ℃, add W-Gum 6%, stir and be incubated 1h and carry out graft modification; After the modification, material is cooled to 35 ℃, adds potassium permanganate solution 0.6% then, and oxidizing reaction 1h watches solution colour, gradually becomes colourless by purple; Under stirring state, slowly the caustic soda soln 8% that adds is in reactor then, and material moment retrogradation is carried out gelatinization and reacted half an hour.At last, add excess water in reactor, stir, add borax or boric acid solution 5% then, stirring reaction obtains product half an hour.
Embodiment 3
Proportioning raw materials:
Material name proportioning (wt%) material name proportioning (wt%)
Polyvinyl alcohol 1 potassium permanganate solution (concentration is 1wt%) 0.4
Starch 5 boraxs or boric acid solution (concentration is 5wt%) 3
Caustic soda soln (concentration is 10wt%) 6 water 84.6
Operation sequence:
As shown in Figure 1, according to material rate, 50% water that adds Total Water adds polyvinyl alcohol 1% again in reactor, stirs, and is warming up to 99 ℃, and polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, is cooled to 60 ℃, adds W-Gum 5%, stirs and is incubated 1h and carry out graft modification; After the modification, material is cooled to 35 ℃, adds potassium permanganate solution 0.5% then, and oxidizing reaction 1h watches solution colour, gradually becomes colourless by purple; Under stirring state, slowly the caustic soda soln 6% that adds is in reactor then, and material moment retrogradation is carried out gelatinization and reacted half an hour.At last, add excess water in reactor, stir, add borax or boric acid solution 3% then, stirring reaction obtains product half an hour.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of solidifying agent is used at the coal surface solidified, it is characterized in that the prescription of described solidifying agent is: the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.5～1.5wt%; 0.3 the concentration of～0.6wt% is the potassium permanganate solution of 1wt%; The starch of 4～6wt%; The concentration of 2～5wt% is borax or the boric acid solution of 5wt%; The concentration of 4～8wt% is the caustic soda soln of 10wt%; Surplus is a water; Described starch is W-Gum or wheat starch or sweet potato starch or potato starch; The proportioning of described polyvinyl alcohol is 1.0wt%; The proportioning of described potassium permanganate solution is 0.4wt%; The proportioning of described caustic soda soln is 5wt%; The proportioning of described borax or boric acid solution is 3wt%; The proportioning of described starch is 5wt%.
According to the preparation method of the coal surface solidifying agent described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, its step is as follows:
The first step: graft modification
According to described prescription, add Total Water 50% in reactor, add polyvinyl alcohol again, stir, be warming up to 95～99 ℃, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, be cooled to 50～60 ℃, add starch, stir and insulation 1h carries out graft modification;
Second step: oxidation
After the modification, material is cooled to 35 ℃, adds potassium permanganate solution then, oxidizing reaction 1 hour;
The 3rd step: gelatinization reaction
Under the stirring state, slowly add caustic soda soln in reactor, material moment retrogradation is carried out gelatinization and is reacted half an hour;
The 4th step: stable, crosslinked
At last, add remainder water in reactor, stir, add borax or boric acid solution then, stirring reaction obtains product half an hour.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710063294A CN100575441C (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2007-01-08 | A kind of coal surface solidifying agent and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710063294A CN100575441C (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2007-01-08 | A kind of coal surface solidifying agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101003718A CN101003718A (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| CN100575441C true CN100575441C (en) | 2009-12-30 |
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| CN106833528B (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2019-03-08 | 鄂尔多斯市贺泰汽车运输有限责任公司 | Starch dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109762523A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-05-17 | 柏美迪康环境科技（上海）股份有限公司 | A kind of compound crust dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| CN115322501B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2023-11-24 | 浙江大学 | Reversible and recyclable fixing agent for fixing fragile articles and fixing extraction method |
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| EP0383214A2 (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1990-08-22 | H.B. FULLER LICENSING & FINANCING, INC. | Starch-based corrugating adhesive having a polyvinyl alcohol component |
| CN1097449A (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1995-01-18 | 文庭希 | Instant-drying composite gum made from starch |
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| CN1715258A (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2006-01-04 | 中国农业大学 | Organic compound fertilizer pelletizing adhesive and its preparing method |
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2007
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Patent Citations (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4600739A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-07-15 | Fuller H B | Fast setting starch-based corrugating adhesive having partially hydrolyzed water soluble polyvinyl alcohol component |
| CN87101094A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1988-02-24 | 戚昌民 | The high molecular resin binder that binding paper box is used |
| EP0383214A2 (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1990-08-22 | H.B. FULLER LICENSING & FINANCING, INC. | Starch-based corrugating adhesive having a polyvinyl alcohol component |
| CN1097449A (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1995-01-18 | 文庭希 | Instant-drying composite gum made from starch |
| CN1160068A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-09-24 | 唐伟 | Method for producing high strength cold water quick-dissolving glue powder |
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| CN101003718A (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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