CN100574250C - A kind of time shift service system and method - Google Patents
A kind of time shift service system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100574250C CN100574250C CNB2007101068393A CN200710106839A CN100574250C CN 100574250 C CN100574250 C CN 100574250C CN B2007101068393 A CNB2007101068393 A CN B2007101068393A CN 200710106839 A CN200710106839 A CN 200710106839A CN 100574250 C CN100574250 C CN 100574250C
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of time shift service system and method, wherein, this time shift service system comprises terminal, content service pilot unit and a plurality of media server, wherein, the content service pilot unit, be used for the live TV stream of each channel is incorporated into media server respectively, and control terminal receives the time shift service that the media server of its appointment provides; Media server, comprise buffering area, the live TV stream that is used for corresponding channel that content service orientation unit is introduced carries out buffer memory, and behind live TV stream buffer memory predetermined amount of time, introduce the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time to next media server, and the time-delay of being introduced by other media servers flow to row cache, and under the control of content service pilot unit, provide the time shift service to terminal.Time shift service system of the present invention and method can improve the admittance ability of system's time shift service, resist the ability of time shift burst, have reduced the buffer memory expense simultaneously, have reduced system cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the multimedia service field, particularly a kind of time shift service system and method.
Background technology
At present, at TV (Internet Protocol Television based on the IP agreement, IPTV) in business or the system, the time shift service has become a kind of very important business, this business is that the video flowing that the capturing and coding system provides is recorded, and provides the time shift video flowing of its needs according to user's request, for example, time-moving television (Time Shift Television, TSTV) service are provided.The time-moving television service, be meant that spectators are when watching digital television program, can also can select the TV programme of watching that other day had been play by in progress TV programme being selected to watch by operations such as " time-out " or " retreating " or " F.F. " keys.The original mode of seeing TV of people has thoroughly been overturned in this time shift service, makes it break away from the time constraint, has complied with the more and more faster rhythm of life of modern.Time-moving television and program request, live broadcast service are very different, the starting point difference of each user's time shifting broadcasting at first, and secondly its play content is again not stop flowing forward.Therefore, the server cluster of time-moving television and server load balancing all are different from program request and live broadcast service.
At present, the time-moving television service is the fixing live TV stream that inserts several channels of each server in a plurality of server clusters, and by each server the live TV stream content is carried out buffer memory and record and the time shift service, when the time shift volume of services of certain channel is big, introduce live TV stream again and buffer memory is recorded at other servers, to enlarge the time shift service ability.
But there is following problem in said method:
(1) because the time-moving television service requires maximum delay to need about 1 hour usually, and the program that one hour code stream of buffer memory is 2Mbps needs the spatial cache of 1G, therefore, is difficult to fully by memory cache, generally carry out buffer memory by disk, the service of time shift simultaneously need be from disk read data.Therefore, the I/O of disk (I/O) ability will be the bottleneck of system, and the disk read-write operation that continues in addition will damage the disk life-span.
(2) when certain channel program is popular program, such as sports tournament, party etc., the concurrent time shift service ability of this channel will be subjected to the restriction of individual server ability.Owing to lack the data of the live TV stream of having play, carry out buffer memory in other servers even in time current live TV stream is incorporated into, can not increase the time shift service ability immediately.Therefore, the service ability of other servers can not get bringing into play fully.
(3) in a plurality of servers, introduce the live TV stream of a channel and recording and buffer memory simultaneously, not only expense is huge, and because the time shifting request of each channel has randomness, therefore, time shift service system is difficult to scheduling in time, to satisfy different time shifting request.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of time shift service system is provided,, improve performance, reduction entire system cost, the raising lifetime of system of system's time shift service by collaborative memory cache time shift content between a plurality of servers.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of time shift method of servicing is provided,, improve performance, reduction entire system cost, the raising lifetime of system of system's time shift service by collaborative memory cache time shift content between a plurality of servers.
Time shift service system of the present invention, comprise terminal, content service pilot unit and a plurality of media server, wherein, described content service pilot unit, be used for the live TV stream of each channel is incorporated into each media server successively, and control terminal receives the time shift service that the media server of its appointment provides; Described media server, comprise buffering area, the live TV stream that is used for corresponding channel that described content service pilot unit is introduced carries out buffer memory, and behind described live TV stream buffer memory predetermined amount of time, introduce the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time to next media server, and the time-delay of being introduced by other media servers flow to row cache, and under the control of described content service pilot unit, provide the time shift service to terminal.
Wherein, the buffering area in the described media server, its size is greater than the mean value of described each channel time-shifting content total amount divided by the media server total quantity.
Described media server is further used for sending the message that request enters next media server to described content service pilot unit when the time-delay starting point that the user proposes the time shift service request arrives its buffer memory border;
Described content service pilot unit is further used for according to receiving the message that request that described media server sends enters next media server, and the notice terminal forwards the described time shift service that continues of next media server to.
In addition, described content service pilot unit, whether the spacing that can be further used for analyzing between the time-delay starting point of adjacent two time shift service requests surpasses predetermined amount of time, when described spacing surpasses predetermined amount of time, wherein a time shift service request is retained in former media server, and changes another time shift service request over to next media server; After described spacing does not surpass predetermined amount of time, then permit described two time shift service requests in same media server.
Described media server can be further used for when its load meets or exceeds predetermined high threshold, reports it to be in the message of heavy condition to described content service pilot unit;
Described content service pilot unit, can be further used for analyzing the loading condition of each media server, and after receiving the message that is in heavy condition that wherein certain media server reports, still the live TV stream that has the media server of vacant buffering area to insert the media server current channel of the described heavy condition control row cache of going forward side by side switches to the time shift service of the current channel of the media server of described heavy condition the media server of light condition gradually.
Described content service pilot unit, the time shift service of identical time period of same channel that can be further used in determining different media servers simultaneously buffer memory, and wherein the load of a media server is predetermined minimum threshold when following, and time shift service that should the time period with this channel on other media server is moved into described load and is the media server below the minimum threshold of being scheduled to.
Described terminal is personal computer, have television set or mobile phone based on IP protocol machine top box.
Time shift service method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step a: the time shift time of each channel is divided into a plurality of preset time sections, and distributes a media server to carry out time shift content caching for each time period;
Step b: the live TV stream of introducing this channel at the media server at the live time period place of the most close corresponding channel carries out buffer memory, and behind the described predetermined amount of time of described live TV stream buffer memory, the media server at a downward time period place is introduced the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time, the rest may be inferred, is concatenated into the media server at last time period place always;
Step c: after the user proposes the time shift service request, provide service by corresponding media server.
Wherein, described step c replaces with the following step:
Step c1: after the user proposes the time shift service request, judge whether time-delay starting point that the user proposes the time shift service request arrives the buffer memory border of media server, if then need described time shift service request is switched to the service of continuing of another media server; Otherwise, maintain former media server service.
In addition, described step c replaces with the following step:
Step c1 ': after the user proposes the time shift service request, judge whether the spacing between the time-delay starting point of adjacent two time shift service requests surpasses predetermined amount of time, if, then wherein a time shift service request is retained in the former media server, and another time shift service request is transferred to next media server; Otherwise, permit described two time shift service requests in same server.
In described step c, after the user proposes the time shift service request, provide before the service by corresponding media server, can further include the following step:
Step c2: the loading condition of analyzing each media server, when certain media server is in heavy condition therein, the live TV stream that the media server that vacant buffering area is still arranged is inserted the media server current channel of the described heavy condition row cache of going forward side by side switches to the time shift service of the current channel of the media server of described heavy condition the media server of light condition gradually.
Described step c replaces with the following step:
Step c3: after the user proposes the time shift service request, the time shift service of identical time period of same channel of whether simultaneously having judged in the different media servers buffer memory, and wherein the load of a media server is for below the predetermined minimum threshold, if, then with this channel on other media server should the time period the time shift service be moved into described load and be the media server below the predetermined minimum threshold; Otherwise this time shift service maintains in the former media server.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: according to time shift service system of the present invention and method, by collaborative buffer memory time shift content in a plurality of servers, improved the admittance ability of system's time shift service, and flow by the dynamic dispatching time delay, improve systematic function preferably and resisted the ability that time shift happens suddenly, reduce the buffer memory expense simultaneously, reduced system cost; Owing to adopt memory cache, avoided the bottleneck of magnetic disc i/o, improve systematic function, prolong the disk life-span.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of time shift service system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that carries out initial time shift caching system configuration of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the dispersed and distributed schematic diagram of the time shift service of different starting points;
Fig. 4 is a dynamic dispatching schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of serving switching of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is that schematic diagram is switched in recurrence of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a time shift method of servicing flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, describe time shift service system of the present invention and method in detail with reference to figure 1～7.
Core concept of the present invention is: in time shift service system, at first in a plurality of media servers allocate memory with buffer memory time shift service content, utilize a plurality of media servers to carry out cooperation caching time shift content, thereby reduce the buffer memory expense, and in real time the time shift service content in each media server is dispatched, to solve the problem that the time shift service clashes.
As shown in Figure 1, be the schematic diagram of time shift service system of the present invention.This time shift service system comprises: terminal, content service pilot unit and media server.
Wherein: media server, comprise buffering area, the live TV stream that is used for corresponding channel that content service orientation unit is introduced carries out buffer memory, and behind this live TV stream buffer memory predetermined amount of time, introduce the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time to next media server, and the time-delay of being introduced by other media servers flow to row cache, and under the control of content service pilot unit, provide media services to terminal.
Particularly, for a certain channel, each media server can be called according to the distance of each media server: first server, second server ... N server apart from this channel live time period.Wherein, first server, disposed the buffering area that can store corresponding channel predetermined amount of time length code stream, (this live TV stream is designated as F (n, 0) to be used for the live TV stream of this channel of buffer memory, wherein n is a channel), after this buffering area was full of, (this time-delay stream was designated as F (n, 1) to draw the first time-delay stream, compare time period of time-delay with live TV stream), and the first time-delay stream is incorporated in the second server; Second server is used to dispose its buffering area, flows F (n, 1) with first time-delay that buffer memory is introduced by first server, and draws the second time-delay stream F (n, 2) to next server; And the like, up to the N server; The N server is used to dispose its buffering area, flows with the N-1 time-delay that buffer memory is introduced by the N-1 server, and no longer draws time-delay stream, and abandon the oldest content with stream mode.
The content service pilot unit is used for the live TV stream of each channel is incorporated into each media server successively, and sends control flows to terminal, is linked into which server reception service to control it.For example, as shown in Figure 2, the content service pilot unit can be incorporated into the live TV stream of first channel first server, and the live TV stream of second channel is incorporated into second server etc.And these servers that have been introduced into the corresponding channel live TV stream can be described as first server.
Terminal is used under the control of content service pilot unit, receives the broadcast of decoding of Media Stream that the media server of appointment sends.Wherein, this terminal, can for personal computer (Personal Computer, PC), have the television set of IPTV set-top box or mobile phone etc.
When specific implementation, suppose to have 100 channels, code stream is 2Mbps, and every channel time-shifting length is 1 hour, and then total time shift content size is about 100G.If this time shift service system comprises 20 media servers, then each server need dispose the 6G internal memory and is used for the time shift content caching, and wherein 5G uses as initial configuration, and 1G uses as dynamic dispatching.Usually, the internal memory that is used for buffer memory time shift content that disposes in each media server need be greater than the mean value of all channel time-shifting content total amounts divided by media server quantity, and general the requirement surpasses 10%.
Because the user's time-shift request can be divided into as cassette tape formula image record/play machine (Video Cassette Recorder such as F.F., rewind down, time-out, recoveries, VCR) two stages of positioning service and normal play, generally to carry out positioning action earlier, then normal play.When VCR location (time-delay starting point) is that this server need enter next media server to content service orientation unit requests when just arriving a certain media server buffer memory border, online service is switched to the service of continuing on another server.
Therefore, based on as mentioned above, media server of the present invention when the VCR positioning service that is further used for the user arrives its buffer memory border, sends the instruction that request enters next media server to content service orientation unit; Terminal of the present invention is further used for the redirect message that sends according to the content service pilot unit, is transferred to this VCR service that continues of next media server; The content service pilot unit is further used for according to receiving the message that request that certain media server sends enters next media server, and the notice terminal forwards this VCR service that continues of next server to.
In addition, because the time shift content is cached in respectively in a plurality of media servers according to the preset time section, the starting point of therefore delaying time will be served by different media servers at a distance of the time shifting request that surpasses the preset time section.As shown in Figure 3, the time-delay starting point is U1 and U2, and the time shifting request of U4 and U5 is all at a distance of in the preset time section, therefore can ask in same media server, to serve, and the time-delay starting point be two time shifting request of U2 and U3 at a distance of having exceeded a time period, therefore can only serve by different media servers.
Therefore, based on as mentioned above, content service pilot unit of the present invention, whether the spacing that is further used for analyzing between the time-delay starting point of different time shifting request surpasses predetermined amount of time, when this spacing surpasses predetermined amount of time, wherein last time shifting request is retained in and serves in the former media server, serves and change back one time shift request over to next media server; After this spacing does not surpass predetermined amount of time, then permit described different time shifting request and in same media server, serve.
In addition, when the load of a certain media server arrives certain threshold value, need to seek the media server that an existing free memory has idle service ability again, a last time-delay stream of the channel that the online service number is maximum in the former media server is incorporated into idle server flows buffer memory.Along with the increase of idle server content caching, gradually the online service of former media server is switched to idle server, to alleviate the load level of former media server.
Therefore, based on as mentioned above, content service pilot unit of the present invention, be further used for analyzing load (online service number) situation of each media server, and after receiving the message that is in heavy condition that wherein certain media server reports, control is in underloading and the server of the surplus vacant buffering area live TV stream that inserts this heavy condition server current channel row cache of going forward side by side still, along with the increase of cache contents in this light condition server, the time shift service with the current channel of this heavy condition server switches to this light condition server gradually.
Described media server is further used for when its load meets or exceeds predetermined high threshold, reports it to be in the message of heavy condition to content service orientation unit.
Shown in Fig. 4 (1), the server on the left side has 9 of online services (supposing that thresholding is 8), be in heavy condition, at this moment this server reports that to content service orientation unit it is in heavy condition, the content service pilot unit is after determining the right server load is the lightest to have only 3 online services and also have vacant buffering area, instruct this underloading server to insert the live TV stream and the buffer memory of channel 1, and along with the content caching increase switches to the right server to the time shift service of channel 1 on the server of the left side gradually, shown in Fig. 4 (2).The online service of final like this three servers tends to balance, and all is 6.Because the time period T1-1 of channel 1 possesses content at present on two servers, therefore follow-up to this channel should the time period time shifting request can be distributed on these two servers, divide timing to pay the utmost attention to the light server of load.In addition, when the time shifting request of the right other segmentations of server more for a long time, cause its load to increase the weight of, also can reach the purpose that alleviates its load, shown in Fig. 5 (1), Fig. 5 (2) by the time shift service of its T1-1 time period is switched back to left side server.
In addition, when two servers all simultaneously buffer memory during the time shift content of certain time period of certain channel, if the load of one of them server drops under certain thresholding, can merge to a media server to the time shift service of this time period of this channel, and discharge the spatial cache and the service ability of another media server standby.
Therefore, content service pilot unit of the present invention, be further used at definite each media server while buffer memory the time shift service of identical time period of same channel, and wherein the load of a server drops to predetermined minimum threshold when following, and time shift service that should the time period with this channel on another server merges to this server.
Shown in Fig. 6 (1), when the online service of left side server drops to 4, report content service orientation unit, server switches back to left side server with 3 services of 1 time period of channel T1-1 on the right of content service pilot unit notice, the back loading situation is switched shown in Fig. 6 (2) in server buffer release district in the right simultaneously.
Below, time shift method of servicing of the present invention is described in detail.As shown in Figure 7, be time shift method of servicing flow chart of the present invention, this method comprises the following steps:
Step 100: the time shift time of each channel is divided into a plurality of regular time section, and distributes a media server to carry out the time shift content caching for each time period;
Step 200: the live TV stream of introducing this channel at the media server at the live time period place of the most close corresponding channel carries out buffer memory, and behind described live TV stream buffer memory predetermined amount of time, the media server at a downward time period place is introduced the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time, the rest may be inferred, is concatenated into the media server at last time period place always;
Step 300: after the user proposes the time shift service request, provide service by corresponding media server.
Described according to step 200, all be cached with one section mobile media content at each media server, draw a time-delay stream simultaneously, and last media server need not be drawn its time-delay stream.
Wherein, in step 300, the user may further include the following step after proposing the time shift service request:
Step 31: when the VCR of user's time shifting request positioning stage, judge whether the time-delay starting point of this time shifting request arrives the buffer memory border of media server, if then need this time shifting request is switched to the service of continuing of another media server; Otherwise, maintain former media server service.
In addition, in step 300, the user can further include the following step after proposing the time shift service request:
Step 31 ': when the VCR of user's time shifting request positioning stage, judge whether the spacing between the time-delay starting point of different time shifting request surpasses predetermined amount of time, if, then will be wherein last time shifting request be retained in and serve in the former media server, serve and will back one time shift request change next server over to; Otherwise, permit described different time shifting request and in same server, serve.
In addition, in step 300, the user can further include the following step after proposing the time shift service request:
Step 32: the loading condition of judging each media server, when certain media server is in heavy condition therein, control is in underloading and the server of the surplus vacant buffering area live TV stream that is linked into this heavy duty server current channel row cache of going forward side by side still, along with the increase of cache contents in this light condition server, the time shift service with the current channel of this heavy condition server switches to this light condition server gradually.
In addition, in step 300, the user can further include the following step after proposing the time shift service request:
Step 33: the time shift service of identical time period of same channel of whether simultaneously having judged in the different media servers buffer memory, and wherein the load of a server has dropped to below the predetermined minimum threshold, if, then with this channel on another server should the time period the time shift service merge to this server; Otherwise, maintain in the former media server.
In sum, according to time shift service system of the present invention and method, be divided into the regular time section by time shift time with each channel, and distribute a media server to carry out the time shift content caching for each time period, utilize a plurality of media servers to carry out cooperation caching time shift content then, because the time shift distribution of content in a plurality of servers, is carried out thereby the time shift service of a channel can be distributed to a plurality of servers, improved the admittance ability of system's time shift service, the load of balanced each server; And, by the stream of the time-delay in each server of dynamic dispatching, reduced the buffer memory expense, reduced system cost; Adopt memory cache, avoided the bottleneck of magnetic disc i/o, improve systematic function, prolong the disk life-span.
More than be in order to make those of ordinary skills understand the present invention; and to detailed description that the present invention carried out; but can expect; in the scope that does not break away from claim of the present invention and contained, can also make other variation and modification, these variations and revising all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a time shift service system comprises terminal, content service pilot unit and a plurality of media server, it is characterized in that,
Described content service pilot unit is used for the live TV stream of each channel is incorporated into each media server successively, and control terminal receives the time shift service that the media server of its appointment provides;
Described media server, comprise buffering area, the live TV stream that is used for corresponding channel that described content service pilot unit is introduced carries out buffer memory, and behind described live TV stream buffer memory predetermined amount of time, introduce the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time to next media server, and the time-delay of being introduced by other media servers flow to row cache, and under the control of described content service pilot unit, provide the time shift service to terminal.
2. time shift service system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the buffering area in the described media server, and its size is greater than the mean value of described each channel time-shifting content total amount divided by the media server total quantity.
3. time shift service system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described media server is further used for sending the message that request enters next media server to described content service pilot unit when the time-delay starting point that the user proposes the time shift service request arrives its buffer memory border;
Described content service pilot unit is further used for according to receiving the message that request that described media server sends enters next media server, and the notice terminal forwards the described time shift service that continues of next media server to.
4. time shift service system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described content service pilot unit, whether the spacing that is further used for analyzing between the time-delay starting point of adjacent two time shift service requests surpasses predetermined amount of time, when described spacing surpasses predetermined amount of time, wherein a time shift service request is retained in former media server, and changes another time shift service request over to next media server; After described spacing does not surpass predetermined amount of time, then permit described two time shift service requests in same media server.
5. time shift service system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described media server is further used for when its load meets or exceeds predetermined high threshold, reports it to be in the message of heavy condition to described content service pilot unit;
Described content service pilot unit, be further used for analyzing the loading condition of each media server, and after receiving the message that is in heavy condition that wherein certain media server reports, still the live TV stream that has the media server of vacant buffering area to insert the media server current channel of the described heavy condition control row cache of going forward side by side switches to the time shift service of the current channel of the media server of described heavy condition the media server of light condition gradually.
6. time shift service system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described content service pilot unit, the time shift service of identical time period of same channel that has been further used in determining different media servers simultaneously buffer memory, and wherein the load of a media server is predetermined minimum threshold when following, and time shift service that should the time period with this channel on other media server is moved into described load and is the media server below the minimum threshold of being scheduled to.
7. as each described time shift service system in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that described terminal is personal computer, have television set or mobile phone based on IP protocol machine top box.
8. a time shift service method is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step a: the time shift time of each channel is divided into a plurality of preset time sections, and distributes a media server to carry out time shift content caching for each time period;
Step b: the live TV stream of introducing this channel at the media server at the live time period place of the most close corresponding channel carries out buffer memory, and behind the described predetermined amount of time of described live TV stream buffer memory, the media server at a downward time period place is introduced the time-delay stream of the predetermined amount of time of having delayed time, the rest may be inferred, is concatenated into the media server at last time period place always;
Step c: after the user proposes the time shift service request, provide service by corresponding media server.
9. time shift service method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described step c replaces with the following step:
Step c1: after the user proposes the time shift service request, judge whether time-delay starting point that the user proposes the time shift service request arrives the buffer memory border of media server, if then need described time shift service request is switched to the service of continuing of another media server; Otherwise, maintain former media server service.
10. time shift service method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described step c replaces with the following step:
Step c1 ': after the user proposes the time shift service request, judge whether the spacing between the time-delay starting point of adjacent two time shift service requests surpasses predetermined amount of time, if, then wherein a time shift service request is retained in the former media server, and another time shift service request is transferred to next media server; Otherwise, permit described two time shift service requests in same server.
11. time shift service method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, in described step c, after the user proposes the time shift service request, is provided before the service by corresponding media server, further comprises the following steps:
Step c2: the loading condition of analyzing each media server, when certain media server is in heavy condition therein, the live TV stream that the media server that vacant buffering area is still arranged is inserted the media server current channel of the described heavy condition row cache of going forward side by side switches to the time shift service of the current channel of the media server of described heavy condition the media server of light condition gradually.
12. time shift service method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described step c replaces with the following step:
Step c3: after the user proposes the time shift service request, the time shift service of identical time period of same channel of whether simultaneously having judged in the different media servers buffer memory, and wherein the load of a media server is for below the predetermined minimum threshold, if, then with this channel on other media server should the time period the time shift service be moved into described load and be the media server below the predetermined minimum threshold; Otherwise this time shift service maintains in the former media server.
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| CN101895532B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2014-09-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Junction method in IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) system and service USS |
| CN103179447B (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2016-08-03 | 三星电子（中国）研发中心 | The method and device of disk space usage is optimized in digital television time-shifting |
| CN102625142B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2016-03-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | The methods, devices and systems that direct broadcast band time delay is play |
| CN102769787B (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2018-10-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | The time-shifting method and channel time-shifting equipment of mobile phone terminal channel |
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| IPTV 流媒体系统架构及其业务提供. 王文林，李雪娜.通信管理与技术，第1期. 2007 |
| IPTV 流媒体系统架构及其业务提供. 王文林，李雪娜.通信管理与技术，第1期. 2007 * |
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