CN100573480C - A kind of hard disk data protection method and system - Google Patents
A kind of hard disk data protection method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100573480C CN100573480C CNB2008101012320A CN200810101232A CN100573480C CN 100573480 C CN100573480 C CN 100573480C CN B2008101012320 A CNB2008101012320 A CN B2008101012320A CN 200810101232 A CN200810101232 A CN 200810101232A CN 100573480 C CN100573480 C CN 100573480C
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of hard disk data protection method, this method comprises the steps: to start computing machine from the disk that has the system bootstrap module foremost, and wherein this disk that has the system bootstrap module foremost also has digital signature; The executive system bootstrap module is surveyed the disk that exists in the computing machine; Whether the executive system bootstrap module detects this disk by described system bootstrap module initialization according to the digital signature on this disk; The executive system bootstrap module arrives self-replication not by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization, and writes digital signature; All disks are protected pilot operationp system start-up therebetween based on snapshot mechanism.By the self-replacation of the system bootstrap module in this method, realized not based on the hard disk data protection of specific hardware, have with low cost, the advantage of highly versatile, and easy for installation in the process of implementing, and support many disk protects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer data protection field, particularly relate to a kind of method and system of computer disk data protection.
Background technology
Along with popularizing of computer network, increasing computing machine is connected on the internet.People are not only enjoying the convenience that the internet brings to us, the infringement that the while people are brought by internet virus also.If computing machine has suffered virus, not only need the maintainer to spend a large amount of time and finish formatting hard disk, reinstall work such as operating system and relative application software, and prior problem is to be accumulated in the hard disk often to be difficult to recover by the data of virus damage.No matter be for enterprise or individual, this loss all is difficult to bear.For above problem, on present market, the guard method of some data in magnetic disk has been arranged, but the PCI protection card that these methods often need to extend out maybe needs to be integrated into equipment such as the BootROM cooperation that has defencive function on the mainboard.In the computer starting process; these methods at first extend out the device loads data protection program by pci card or BootROM etc.; and then under the monitoring of data protection program, start operating system and monitor operating system read-write operation in the disk, thereby realize function to the data in magnetic disk protection.
Therefore press for a kind of the data in magnetic disk protection system and the method that do not rely on any extras of highly versatile.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the objective of the invention is to design a kind of guard method and system that does not rely on one or more data in magnetic disk of equipment such as pci card or BootROM.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of hard disk data protection method, may further comprise the steps:
1) start computing machine from the disk that has the system bootstrap module foremost, wherein this disk also has digital signature;
2) executive system bootstrap module is to survey the disk that exists in the computing machine;
3) whether executive system bootstrap module is to detect this disk by the system bootstrap module initialization according to the digital signature on the disk that detects;
4) executive system bootstrap module, with self-replication to not by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization, and write digital signature;
5) based on snapshot mechanism all disks are protected; wherein; in internal memory, make up independently interim first sector for all disks; read-write requests to first sector of all disks all is mapped on interim first sector of this disk; if the write request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged; then write operation is redirected to the relevant position in the privately owned subregion; revise mapping table simultaneously; if the read request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged; be at protected partition or on privately owned subregion at first then, data read return to the user then according to the mapping table judgment data.
According to a further aspect in the invention, do not comprised one or more disks by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
According to another aspect of the invention, the system bootstrap module is copied to not by the 128KB space foremost of the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
According to another aspect of the invention, above-mentioned steps 4) also comprise step at last: to not protected the attribute setting by the disk of system bootstrap module initialization.
According to another aspect of the invention, digital signature and protection attribute configuration information are write not by 16MB-512B to the 16MB position of the disk of system bootstrap module initialization.
According to another aspect of the invention, above-mentioned steps 5) comprising:
Be not made up interim first sector by the disk of system bootstrap module initialization in internal memory, the read-write requests to first sector of intercepting and capturing all is mapped to interim first sector;
File type pilot operationp system start-up according to the boot partition on described interim first sector.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, also provide a kind of data in magnetic disk protection system, having comprised:
The system bootstrap module, it is used for starting computing machine from the disk that has this system bootstrap module foremost, and wherein this disk also has digital signature; Survey the disk that exists in the computing machine; Whether detect this disk by described system bootstrap module initialization according to the digital signature on this disk that detects; The system bootstrap module is copied to not by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization, write digital signature, based on snapshot mechanism all disks are protected, wherein, in internal memory, make up independently interim first sector for all disks, read-write requests to first sector of all disks all is mapped on interim first sector of this disk, if the write request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged, then write operation is redirected to the relevant position in the privately owned subregion, revise mapping table simultaneously, if the read request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged, be at protected partition or on privately owned subregion at first then according to the mapping table judgment data, then data are read and return to the user, pilot operationp system start-up;
The read-write protection driver module after it is used for os starting, is protected all disks based on snapshot mechanism.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the said system bootstrap module comprises disk detecting module, authentication module, initialization module, data protection module and disk bootstrap module, wherein:
The disk detecting module is used for surveying the disk that computing machine exists;
Authentication module is used for detecting the module initialization that whether has been initialised of this disk according to the digital signature on the disk that detects;
Initialization module is used for the system bootstrap module is copied to this disk, and writes digital signature;
Data protection module is used for before os starting, based on snapshot mechanism all disks is protected;
The disk bootstrap module is used for pilot operationp system start-up.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the said system bootstrap module also comprises human-computer interaction module, and it is used for not protected attribute to set by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
As long as effect of the present invention is with module of the present invention, be written to existing any one bootable memory device in the computing machine, hard disk for example, USB flash disk, CD and network startup mirror image etc., and just start and can carry out read-write protection to all hard disks of this locality from this memory device do not need to increase extraly hardware device and not based on specific hardware, have with low cost, the advantage of highly versatile; Easy for installation in the process of implementing, and support many disk protects; And the present invention can support to guide Windows and (SuSE) Linux OS to start.
Description of drawings
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is based on the disk space synoptic diagram of snapshot mechanism.
Fig. 2 is based on the system read-write process flow diagram of snapshot mechanism.
Fig. 3 is the disk space integral layout synoptic diagram after the initialization.
Embodiment
On principle, the present invention adopts snapshot mechanism to finish the local disk data protection.Based on this machine-processed disk space as shown in Figure 1.Under the situation of normal operation, operating system read-write requests size is generally 4KB.Therefore mapping granule (chunk) adopts the size of 4KB, represents with a piece in the drawings.Source book is protected subregion.Private volume is an interim partition holding of depositing the data that source book is write, is divided into the space and the untapped space of written data.The logical volume logical partition of forming by source book and private volume that to be current time embody user or operating system.Arrow among the figure is represented mapping table, and it is a group address pointer, is used for the mapping relations of service logic volume, source book and private volume.
Based on the system read-write process flow diagram of snapshot mechanism as shown in Figure 2: at first in the interception system to the read-write requests of source book, in mapping table, search corresponding mapping granule according to the read-write scope of request.If mapping table pointed private volume then illustrate that mapping granule on private volume, directly reads and writes the mapping granule on the private volume.If mapping table pointed source book then corresponding mapping granule is described on source book, therefore also needing further to judge is read operation or write operation.If read operation directly gets final product from the source book reading of data.Method at first copies to internal memory with the mapping granule in the source book if write operation then adopts COW (Copy On Write), and the data that will write are written in this piece internal memory then.Next revising the mapping table pointer makes on the mapping granule that is not used on the pointed private volume.At last the data in this piece internal memory are written in the private volume on this mapping granule.
Based on above principle, the invention provides a kind of hard disk data protection method.Start computing machine from the disk that has the system bootstrap module; in the process of computer starting, at first whether there is other disk to exist in the detection system; if have other disk then the system bootstrap module is copied to other disk foremost, provide defencive function based on snapshot mechanism simultaneously.Assurance system like this exists under the situation of single disk or many disks, no matter which piece disk startup can both provide data protection function from later on.Then, load the read-write protection module, be responsible for the read-write protection of data in magnetic disk by it.Concrete steps are as follows:
Computing machine starts from the disk that has system of the present invention, system bootstrap module operation of the present invention.
The disk that exists in the computing machine is surveyed, judged whether to exist other disk.This step realizes by the INT13 read operation.Each disk channel is read the operation of first sector, have disk to exist on this disk channel, do not have disk on disk first this disk channel of sector auxiliary information returned specification if having if can correctly return disk first sector auxiliary information then illustrate.
Whether judge other disk by the correct initialization of system bootstrap module, thereby detect, this disk is carried out initialization not by the disk of system bootstrap module initialization.
Read the fixed position of each disk that detects respectively, 16MB-512B for example, this position is specified by the system bootstrap module.Information and digital signature that the user sets at this piece disk have been preserved with the zone of an initial sector-size of this fixed position.The information of setting comprises file system type on the size, subregion start offset, subregion access limit, divisional type, subregion of number of partitions, each subregion on this disk.Digital signature is a uniqueness and character string immobilized substance.If digital signature does not exist or makes mistakes, then think this disk un-initialized, the configuration information on the disk is invalid; On the contrary, if digital signature correctly then think that this disk is initialised, the configuration information on the disk is effective.
For the disk of un-initialized, to its initialization.Initialized step is as follows: step 1, and with protection subregion and the space zero clearing before the non-protection subregion, for example 0B to 16MB of the disk space of disk.Step 2 because system bootstrap module mirror image is less than 128KB, so with the image copying of system bootstrap module to 128KB space that disk begins most.Step 3 in the previous sector of disk 16MB, also promptly from the space of the 16MB-512B POS INT of disk, writes correct digital signature.Because the owned automatic copy function of system bootstrap module; shown in step 2; so system bootstrap module mirror image can be copied to the memory devices write all in the computer system automatically; for example disk, USB flash disk etc.; start all at first executive system bootstrap module by any memory device like this, and disk is carried out data protection by the magnetic disc protecting function that the system bootstrap module provides.Like this then realized that defencive function can be not relevant with concrete a certain hardware.
After confirming that all disks all are initialised, the prompting user protects the attribute setting to disk.By Basic Input or Output System (BIOS) and user interactions, the user can carry out setting at the subregion of this disk at every disk that finds.Subregion is set and is comprised interpolation, deletion subregion, sets file system type on partition size, subregion access limit, divisional type, the subregion.The user can also set by which subregion on which piece disk to be started.
Through above step disk space integral layout as shown in Figure 3, being divided into is 5 parts, and all using size between wherein any two parts is that the protection of 32KB is separated by at interval.At first be the space 1 among the figure, it is that the system bootstrap module starts mirror image, and size is 128KB; Space 2 among the figure is used to deposit font, the picture with user interactions.Space 3 among the figure is previous sectors of disk 16MB position, is used to deposit digital signature and user configuration information; Space 4 among the figure is protection subregion and non-protection subregions that the user sets; Space 5 is privately owned subregions, and remaining storage space all is set to privately owned subregion in the disk.Above data are only as the data of preferred embodiment, but space of the present invention size is not limited to these data.
When above step is carried out, preserve the INT13 inlet that BIOS provides, and replace the INT13 function of BIOS with the INT13 function of being with defencive function, data in magnetic disk is protected.
The INT13 function of band defencive function of the present invention has been realized snapshot mechanism.It tackles all disk read-write requests, determines concrete executable operations according to the scope of read-write requests.If to shielded subregion write request, then this write operation is redirected to the relevant position in the privately owned subregion, revise mapping table simultaneously, it is correct making the logical partition of seeing from user perspective.If to shielded subregion read request, be on the shielded subregion or on privately owned subregion at first then according to the mapping table judgment data, data are read return to the user then.Then directly the hard disk appointed positions is read and write if not read-write requests, finished user's request shielded subregion.
Because first sector comprises Main Boot Record (MBR) and partition table on the disk; be normally used for cooperating bootstrap module to start; so the present invention's acquiescence provides protection to the content in first sector of all disks, the content in first sector can not arbitrarily be write and be read.In order to start according to parameter of user dynamically, in internal memory, be interim first sector of disk structure according to parameter of user, this sector has comprised interim Main Boot Record and interim partition table.The read-write requests of intercepting and capturing to first sector all is mapped on interim first sector of corresponding disk.
Content according to interim first sector of above-mentioned generation is come pilot operationp system start-up.At first in interim partition table, find boot partition, judge that according to the file system type of boot partition the operating system on the subregion is Windows or Linux then.If divisional type is FAT32 or NTFS then guides Windows to start by first sector that loads in this subregion.If divisional type is EXT2 or EXT3, then the read-write interface at these two kinds of file system is loaded into linux kernel in the internal memory, guides Linux to start then.
Because the INT13 disk read-write interface capability that provides of BIOS is poor, thus now the operating system of main flow after startup all can with readwrite performance preferably the disk read-write driver substitute the INT13 of BIOS.For perfect protection is provided, the present invention tackles the read-write requests that operating system is issued the disk read-write driver behind os starting, and the read-write protection to data in magnetic disk is provided.
The mapping table that will use in the os starting process and the address of interim first sector are put into a certain position of Installed System Memory.Revise the E820MAP of BIOS, above-mentioned region of memory is labeled as reservation, so operating system can not revised the content of this region of memory.Behind the os starting, the search internal memory finds mapping table and interim first sector auxiliary information, provides read-write protection according to mapping table to shielded subregion.Based on the principle of above-mentioned disk read-write protection, operating system provide to the disk read-write function on insert one deck filtering layer.The mapping granule of mapping table correspondence is searched to the reading writing information of disk by filtering layer capturing operation system according to the read-write scope.If the privately owned subregion of mapping table pointed the then directly mapping granule on the privately owned subregion is read and write.If the protected subregion of mapping table pointed then corresponding mapping granule is described on protected subregion, needing further to judge be read operation or write operation.If read operation, directly from protected subregion reading of data.If write operation, then adopt COW (Copy On Write) method to write data on the privately owned subregion and revise the mapping table pointer to make corresponding mapping granule on the privately owned subregion of pointed.
To those skilled in the art; the present invention can adopt the data in magnetic disk protection system to realize; this system mainly comprises system bootstrap module and read-write protection driver module, and wherein system bootstrap module further comprises again: disk detecting module, authentication module, human-computer interaction module, data protection module and disk bootstrap module.
The disk detecting module is used for the disk that computing machine exists is surveyed, and judges whether to exist other disk.
Authentication module is used to judge that whether other disk is by the correct initialization of system bootstrap module.
Initialization module is used for there not being initialized other disk to carry out initialization.
Human-computer interaction module is used for after confirming that all disks all are initialised, and the prompting user protects the attribute setting to disk.
Data protection module is used to preserve the INT13 inlet that BIOS provides, and replaces the INT13 function of BIOS with the INT13 function of being with defencive function, and data in magnetic disk is protected.
The disk bootstrap module is interim first sector of disk structure according to parameter of user in internal memory, the address with interim sector passes to data protection module then.Content pilot operationp system start-up according to interim first sector.
The read-write protection driver module is used for tackling the read-write requests that operating system is issued the disk read-write driver behind os starting, and the read-write protection to data in magnetic disk is provided.
Should be noted that and understand, under the situation that does not break away from the desired the spirit and scope of the present invention of accompanying Claim, can make various modifications and improvement the present invention of foregoing detailed description.Therefore, the scope of claimed technical scheme is not subjected to the restriction of given any specific exemplary teachings.
Claims (9)
1. a hard disk data protection method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) start computing machine from the disk that has the system bootstrap module foremost, the wherein said disk that has the system bootstrap module foremost also has digital signature;
2) executive system bootstrap module is to survey the disk that exists in the computing machine;
3) whether executive system bootstrap module is to detect the described disk that detects by described system bootstrap module initialization according to the digital signature on the described disk that detects;
4) executive system bootstrap module so that described system bootstrap module is copied to not by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization, and writes digital signature;
5) based on snapshot mechanism all disks are protected; wherein; in internal memory, make up independently interim first sector for all disks; read-write requests to first sector of all disks all is mapped on interim first sector of this disk; if the write request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged; then write operation is redirected to the relevant position in the privately owned subregion; revise mapping table simultaneously; if the read request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged; be at protected partition or on privately owned subregion at first then, data read return to the user then according to the mapping table judgment data.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, is not describedly comprised one or more disks by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described system bootstrap module is copied to described not by the 128KB space foremost of the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 4) also comprise step at last: do not protected the attribute setting to described by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, writes described digital signature and described protection attribute configuration information described not by 16MB-512B to the 16MB position of the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 5) comprises:
Be described by interim first sector of the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization structure in internal memory, the read-write requests to first sector of intercepting and capturing all is mapped to described interim first sector;
File type pilot operationp system start-up according to the boot partition on described interim first sector.
7. a data in magnetic disk protection system is characterized in that, comprising:
The system bootstrap module, it is used for starting computing machine from the disk that has described system bootstrap module foremost, and the wherein said disk that has the system bootstrap module foremost also has digital signature; Survey the disk that exists in the computing machine; Whether detect the described disk that detects by described system bootstrap module initialization according to the digital signature on the described disk that detects; Described system bootstrap module is copied to not by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization, write digital signature, based on snapshot mechanism all disks are protected, wherein, in internal memory, make up independently interim first sector for all disks, read-write requests to first sector of all disks all is mapped on interim first sector of this disk, if the write request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged, then write operation is redirected to the relevant position in the privately owned subregion, revise mapping table simultaneously, if the read request of the protected partition of pair disk is arranged, be at protected partition or on privately owned subregion at first then according to the mapping table judgment data, then data are read and return to the user, pilot operationp system start-up;
The read-write protection driver module after it is used for os starting, is protected all disks based on snapshot mechanism.
8. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described system bootstrap module comprises disk detecting module, authentication module, initialization module, data protection module and disk bootstrap module, wherein:
Described disk detecting module is used for surveying the disk that computing machine exists;
Described authentication module is used for whether detecting the described disk that detects by described initialization module initialization according to the digital signature on the described disk that detects;
Described initialization module is used for described disk detecting module, authentication module, data protection module and disk bootstrap module are copied to the disk of the module initialization that is not initialised, and writes digital signature;
Described data protection module is used for before os starting, based on snapshot mechanism all disks is protected;
Described disk bootstrap module is used for pilot operationp system start-up.
9. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described system bootstrap module also comprises human-computer interaction module, and it is used for not protected attribute to set by the disk of described system bootstrap module initialization to described.
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| CNB2008101012320A CN100573480C (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2008-02-29 | A kind of hard disk data protection method and system |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101789019B (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-05-30 | 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 | Method for controlling removable disk under Windows |
| CN102033827A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-04-27 | 浪潮(北京)电子信息产业有限公司 | Disk data protection method and device |
| CN102646079B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2014-07-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Disk data protection method oriented to Linux operating system |
| CN103729265B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-01-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of guard method storing data and device |
| CN108776577A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-09 | 新华三技术有限公司成都分公司 | Disk management method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN110119641B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2021-08-31 | 郑州信大捷安信息技术股份有限公司 | Disk protection method and system based on Linux and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110955885B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-11-22 | 亚信科技（成都）有限公司 | Data writing method and device |
| CN113792299B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 南京鼎岩信息科技有限公司 | Method for protecting Linux system based on ftrace technology |
| CN114168225B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-05-14 | 深圳忆联信息系统有限公司 | Method, device, computer equipment and storage medium for updating solid state disk mapping table in delayed mode |
| CN117762695B (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-04-26 | 成都云祺科技有限公司 | Agent-free CDP method, system and storage medium for Hyper-V |
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