Background technology
Liquid crystal in the application that shows the field more and more widely, also more and more important, liquid crystal can be along malleability warping property and flexible but have as elastic continuum.The characteristic that liquid crystal display has mainly utilized the nematic crystal molecule to twist, and the optical activity of twisted liquid crystal, the polarization of incident light face is along the distortion screw axis rotation of liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal anglec of rotation has just determined the light transmission capacity of liquid crystal cell, thereby has determined the brightness height of this pixel.Liquid crystal cell mainly contains twisted nematic (being called for short TN), super-twist nematic (being called for short STN) and double-layer super-twist nematic (DSTN) at present, wherein for the liquid crystal of TN type, the differential seat angle of alignment film up and down just is 90 degree, turn 90 degrees so the arrangement of liquid crystal molecule from top to bottom can be revolved automatically.STN type liquid crystal structurally is very similar to TN type type liquid crystal, and its main difference is that the Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment of STN type liquid crystal is not to revolve to turn 90 degrees, and the angle of its rotation can be generally 270 degree greater than 180 degree.Its reaction time of the liquid crystal of TN type mostly is 30~50ms, and its reaction time of the liquid crystal of STN type is many more than 100ms, and DSTN type liquid crystal is to come scan skew nematic crystal display screen by two scan modes, finishes the demonstration purpose thereby reach.DSTN is developed by super-twist nematic display (STN).Because DSTN adopts two scanning techniques, so the relative STN of display effect, be improved largely, but the reaction time of DSTN is also more than 100ms.Twisted liquid crystal on the image modulation that is applied in display, also be applied on the switching controls of light path, as disclosing a kind of light jiggle device in the U.S. Pat 5572341, as shown in Figure 1a, when not giving polarization rotary switch 1b power supply, the linearly polarized light (linearly polarized light) that sends from analyzer 1a polarization direction by described polarization rotary switch 1b the time is revolved and is turn 90 degrees, polarization direction during the polarization direction vertical incidence, the optical axis direction of birefringent material 12 is set, makes the postrotational linearly polarized light straight line in this polarization direction pass this birefringent material 12 and do not reflect.When giving polarization rotary switch 1b power supply, see Fig. 1 b, the linearly polarized light that sends from analyzer 1a does not rotate the polarization direction by described polarization rotary switch 1b the time, from the light of described polarization rotary switch 1b outgoing during by described birefringent material 12 plane of incidence and the exit facet at described birefringent material 12 all reflect, make described polarized light on incident direction, be offset.On this basis, the display scheme and the stereo display scheme of the increased display resolution that utilizes this principle realization have further been disclosed among the US5572341, but precondition is to increase to refresh or the speed of refresh display monoplane line and biplane line, is increased to per second or higher 120 times from 60 times common per seconds.At present owing to the long restriction of response time that is subjected to as the twisted liquid crystal of polarization rotary switch 1b, the available liquid crystal display can only possess the refresh rate of 60 per seconds usually, cause image hangover or sunset glow phenomenon to occur, the refresh rate of 120 per seconds putting down in writing in US5572341 also is far from reaching at present.Improve response speed and be present LCD manufacturer and seek the technical matters that solves always.For the certain condition of distortion angle, all on liquid crystal material, seek solution.Though have some to improve to a certain extent, the dynamics of improving is but very little.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, the polarization rotary switch that switch speed is fast, based on this, the present invention also provides a kind of flat display apparatus, light jiggle device and 2D/3D switchable display device of utilizing this polarization rotary switch.
Described polarization rotary switch provided by the invention comprises first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode, also comprises the 3rd transparency electrode, is provided with first twisted nematic liquid crystals between described first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode; Be provided with second twisted nematic liquid crystals between described second transparency electrode and described the 3rd transparency electrode; Liquid crystal aligning at the incident end place of described first twisted nematic liquid crystals and the light of described second twisted nematic liquid crystals is identical or vertical mutually, described first transparency electrode, second transparency electrode and the 3rd transparency electrode all are connected to controlled electric supply installation, and described second transparency electrode is as public electrode, and described controlled electric supply installation is used for respectively separately to described first transparency electrode and described second transparency electrode or powers between described second transparency electrode and described the 3rd transparency electrode.
The torsional direction of described first twisted nematic liquid crystals and described second twisted nematic liquid crystals can be opposite.
The windup-degree of described first twisted nematic liquid crystals and described second twisted nematic liquid crystals can be 45 degree.
The windup-degree of described first twisted nematic liquid crystals and described second twisted nematic liquid crystals can be identical.
Described first twisted nematic liquid crystals can be different with the windup-degree of described second twisted nematic liquid crystals.
Described controlled electric supply installation comprises power supply and controllable electronic switch.
The present invention also provides a kind of display device that comprises above-mentioned polarization rotary switch.
Utilize polarization rotary switch provided by the invention, make switching speed significantly improve, can solve the tailing problem in the liquid crystal display, can make the buffeting speed of light jiggle device significantly improve, can also well be applied in the 2D/3D display device capable of switching, and on manufacture craft, not add extra difficulty, can adopt lower voltage to control, safer, longer service life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the index path of the light jiggle device when not giving the power supply of polarization rotary switch in the prior art;
Fig. 1 b is the index path of the light jiggle device when giving the power supply of polarization rotary switch in the prior art;
Fig. 2 a, 2b are respectively under polarization rotary switch structure synoptic diagram of the present invention and the wherein a kind of electric power thus supplied linearly polarized light by the synoptic diagram and the polarized light polarization direction synoptic diagram of this polarization rotary switch;
Fig. 3 a, 3b are respectively synoptic diagram and the polarized light polarization direction synoptic diagram by this polarization rotary switch of linearly polarized light under polarization rotary switch structure synoptic diagram of the present invention and the another kind of electric power thus supplied;
Fig. 4 a, 4b are respectively in first kind of application of polarization rotary switch of the present invention under wherein a kind of electric power thus supplied linearly polarized light by the light path synoptic diagram and the polarized light polarization direction synoptic diagram of total system;
Fig. 5 a, 5b are respectively in first kind of application of polarization rotary switch of the present invention under the another kind of electric power thus supplied linearly polarized light by the light path synoptic diagram and the polarized light polarization direction synoptic diagram of total system;
Fig. 6 a, 6b are respectively in second kind of application of polarization rotary switch of the present invention under wherein a kind of electric power thus supplied linearly polarized light by the light path synoptic diagram and the polarized light polarization direction synoptic diagram of total system;
Fig. 7 a, 7b are respectively in second kind of application of polarization rotary switch of the present invention under the another kind of electric power thus supplied linearly polarized light by the light path synoptic diagram and the polarized light polarization direction synoptic diagram of total system.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 2 a, be the structural representation of polarization rotary switch among the figure, Reference numeral 2,3,4 is represented three transparency electrodes respectively among the figure, four oriented layer of Reference numeral 5 expressions are respectively the first, second, third and the 4th oriented layer; First oriented layer is coated on the surface of transparency electrode 2, second oriented layer is coated on the first surface of transparency electrode 3, the 3rd oriented layer is coated on transparency electrode 3 and described first surface opposing second surface, the 4th oriented layer is coated on the surface of transparency electrode 4, be filled with nematic crystal between described first and second oriented layer and between described third and fourth oriented layer, wherein, the orientation of the orientation of first oriented layer and second oriented layer is in miter angle; The orientation of the orientation of the 3rd oriented layer and the 4th oriented layer is in miter angle; And identical with the orientation of the 3rd oriented layer with the orientation of oriented layer, the orientation of second oriented layer is vertical mutually with the orientation of the 4th oriented layer.Incident light 20 is a linearly polarized light, and the direction of orientation that the polarization of incident light direction is parallel to first oriented layer and the 3rd oriented layer (certainly, the polarization direction of incident light 20 can be vertical with the orientation of one of them oriented layer also), the represented direction (from watching) of double-head arrow solid line among this polarization of incident light direction such as Fig. 2 b facing to the incident direction angle.Like this, do not have under the situation of electric field between electrode 2,3 and 4, the nematic crystal between first and second oriented layer becomes the distortion miter angle to arrange, and from watching facing to the incident direction angle, 45 degree become to turn clockwise; Liquid crystal between third and fourth oriented layer also becomes to twist miter angle to be arranged, and from watching facing to the incident direction angle, becomes to be rotated counterclockwise 45 degree; Certainly, this is the special case of present embodiment, can be according to different situation decision direction of twist and angles separately in the practical application.In the present embodiment, described transparency electrode 3 is connected with an end of power supply 10 as public electrode, and the other end of power supply 10 is connected with a biswitch 11, and described switch 11 has three ports, and two other port is electrically connected with electrode transparent 2 and transparency electrode 4 respectively.When described switch 11 is given transparency electrode 3 and 4 power supplies, when making transparency electrode 2 unsettled, miter angle turns clockwise during the twisted liquid crystal between electrode 2 and 3 of polarized light by this polarization rotary switch, the direction represented (from watching) facing to the incident direction angle as double-head arrow dotted line among Fig. 2 b, and by the liquid crystal between electrode 3 and 4 time, polarized light does not rotate and directly transmission.Under another powering mode, index path is shown in Fig. 3 a, this powering mode is that described switch 11 makes transparency electrode 4 unsettled for transparency electrode 2 and 3 power supplies, be rotated counterclockwise miter angle during the twisted liquid crystal between electrode 3 and 4 of polarized light by this polarization rotary switch, the direction represented (from watching facing to the incident direction angle, the represented direction of double-head arrow solid line is the polarization of incident light direction among Fig. 3 b) as double-head arrow dotted line among Fig. 3 b.And by the liquid crystal between electrode 2 and 3 time, polarized light does not rotate and directly transmission.Be not difficult to find out from the above embodiment of the present invention, polarization rotary switch of the present invention can satisfy two identical or different angle rotation requirements of polarized light simultaneously, the anglec of rotation also can arbitrarily be provided with, simultaneously also can be used for replacing the existing rotary switch of an angle that only rotates, this angle can be split into two very little anglecs of rotation, for example the foregoing description can be equivalent to have now and revolves the polarization rotary switch that turn 90 degrees, and because two angles after splitting are very little, therefore the thickness of each twisted liquid crystal can be very little, can reduce the response time of switch so greatly, significantly improve the switching frequency of polarization rotary switch, the high-frequency that improves light switching or light jiggle device is switched or the shake ability; And, improve yield rate because thickness is little, and the error requirements to thickness on technology can be very little, greatly reduces difficulty of construction like this, and greatly reduce failure ratio.Switch 11 is a mechanical switch among the figure, and in fact, opening the light 11 can also be electronic switch, and transparency electrode 2 and 3 and transparency electrode 3 and 4 can adopt independently switch and power supply.Transparency electrode 2 and 4 can also be divided into a plurality of independent parts respectively, adopt thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) that a plurality of unit are independently controlled.The TFT technology is ripe prior art, just no longer describes in detail here.
Adopting the TFT technology to control polarization rotary switch of the present invention can also be used to substituting existing TN liquid crystal cell and is applied in the display, the control of gray scale can split on two twisted liquid crystals, like this under the situation that obtains identical GTG, GTG is reduced at double, satisfy the higher frequency requirement that display device refreshes or upgrades.Owing to need the control GTG, therefore can not adopt mechanical switch, preferably adopt the electronic switch of independent control, this controllable electronic switch can split each GTG coded message, and independently provides to each unit on the transparency electrode 2 and 4 according to the GTG coded message simultaneously and refresh accordingly or upgrade voltage.Here each unit can be corresponding with sub-pixel, also can adopt other corresponded manner.
Specify the structure and the principle of the light jiggle device of using polarization rotary switch of the present invention below, shown in Fig. 4 a, photomodulator 1 provides linearly polarized light (if photomodulator 1 is non-linear polarization light, then need between transparency electrode 2 and photomodulator 1, to place a linear polarization device), scheme adopts to transparency electrode 3 and 4 power supplies among the figure, transparency electrode 2 is unsettled, polarized light 45 degree (from watching facing to the incident direction angle) that turned clockwise, the polarization direction is perpendicular to paper plane, shown in the double-head arrow dotted line among Fig. 4 b, postrotational polarized light impinges perpendicularly in the birefringent material 12, the principal plane of the vertical light in polarization direction (perpendicular to birefringent optical axis) does not have refraction and passes described birefringent material 12.When giving transparency electrode 2 and 3 power supplies, when transparency electrode 4 is unsettled, polarized light is rotated counterclockwise 45 degree (from watching facing to the incident direction angle), the polarization direction is parallel to paper plane, impinge perpendicularly on described birefringent material 12 then, the plane of incidence and exit facet at birefringent material when this polarized light passes described birefringent material 12 reflect, and light path departs from the light path when photomodulator 1 penetrates.After this light jiggle device had utilized polarization rotary switch of the present invention, buffeting speed was multiplied, and did not add extra difficulty on manufacture craft, can adopt lower voltage to control, and safer, more extend serviceable life.
For the application of polarization rotary switch of the present invention in quick light jiggle device, this polarization rotary switch can further be simplified, a switch only is set gives transparency electrode 2 or 4 power supplies, and adopting a phase inverter (not gate) that transparency electrode 2 is connected with transparency electrode 4, power supply does not adopt alternating source.
Polarization rotary switch of the present invention can also be applied to the 2D/3D switchable display device, shown in Fig. 6 a, different be unique with Fig. 5 a illustrated embodiment: the birefringent material 12 among Fig. 5 a replaces to compound lens, wherein compound lens comprises single refraction rate lens 6, birefraction liquid crystal material 7, oriented layer 8 and transparency carrier 9, curvature portion at described single refraction rate lens 6 is also done orientation process, and oriented layer perhaps is set.The refractive index of choosing single refraction rate lens 6 is n
1, the refractive index of birefraction liquid crystal material 7 is respectively ordinary refraction index n
o, the extraordinary ray refractive index n
e, and n
1=n
o, n
1>n
eAs shown in FIG., the optical axis of birefraction liquid crystal is parallel to paper, optical axis is vertical with the incident direction of light, this 2D/3D switchable display device works in two kinds of patterns, first kind of pattern taked to transparency electrode 3 and 4 power supplies, and make transparency electrode 2 unsettled, polarized light 45 degree (from watching facing to the incident direction angle) that turned clockwise, the polarization direction is perpendicular to paper plane, and shown in the double-head arrow dotted line among Fig. 6 b, postrotational polarized light impinges perpendicularly in the described compound lens, this moment polarized light the polarization direction perpendicular to liquid crystal optic axis, so the ray refraction rate is n
o, because n
1=n
o, so light does not reflect when passing compound lens.This moment, the 2D/3D switchable display device showed as the demonstration of 2D pattern.Second kind of pattern taked to transparency electrode 2 and 3 power supplies, and make transparency electrode 4 unsettled, shown in Fig. 7 a, polarized light is rotated counterclockwise 45 degree (from watching facing to the incident direction angle), the polarization direction is parallel to paper plane, and shown in the double-head arrow dotted line among Fig. 7 b, postrotational polarized light impinges perpendicularly in the described compound lens, this moment, the polarization direction of polarized light was parallel to liquid crystal optic axis, so the ray refraction rate is n
e, because n
1>n
e, so light can reflect (ignoring the refraction when passing oriented layer 8 and transparency carrier in the synoptic diagram) at the curved surface of described single refraction rate lens 6 when passing described single refraction rate lens 6, this moment, the 2D/3D switchable display device showed as the demonstration of 3D pattern.As for the various material selection of compound lens and the setting of shaped position, can also with reference to the Chinese patent publication number patent publication us of CN101114055, do not do too much description at this.
Above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than restrictive, those skilled in the art is not breaking away under the scope situation that this method aim and claim protect under the enlightenment of this method; can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong within protection scope of the present invention.