The method for rolling and shaping of aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of roll-forming method of annular forging piece, particularly related to the method for rolling and shaping of aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece.
Background technology
Adopt the taper ring forged piece of the civil aviation engine that aluminium alloy (as the U.S. material trade mark 2618 etc.) makes, owing under high-altitude, high pressure, work for a long time, require forging to have mechanical property and structure stability preferably as parts such as inner rings.
" new technology and numerical simulation thereof are made in the moulding of large cone ring " (Wang Zewu etc., " Nuclear Power Engineering ", the 28th the 2nd phase of volume, the 69th~72 page, in April, 2007) literary composition discloses a kind of forming technology of taper ring, and this technology comprises base, heating, rolling and following process.Be home roll, core roller when adopting the taper ring of the rolling common straightcarbon steel of this technology and embrace and again the conical ring base is rolled into the taper ring after a roller is processed into taper machine for rolling ring.Adopt the rolling taper ring of this technology, owing to be the conical surface shape of determining the taper ring by the conical surface shape of home roll, core roller and armful roller, by rolling its height of awl roller, therefore, can only rolling inside and outside anchor ring be the simple tapers ring (as this article is illustrated) of burnishing surface, and for tapering or highly different taper ring, need more roll changing type, as this article pointed " the taper ring is different from the square-section ring; ring has constant slope in the axial direction, needs redesign home roll, core roller and embraces roller ".Hence one can see that, and adopting this technology can not roll out inside and outside anchor ring is complex-curved taper ring, and frequently during rolling difform simple tapers ring change the maintaining that roll shape will increase manufacturing cost, extends manufacture cycle and be unfavorable for equipment.
The concrete processing step of new technology and unexposed aluminum alloy taper ring forged piece is made in above-mentioned taper ring moulding, if adopt this technology aluminum alloy taper ring forged piece, the problem of existence is as follows:
Can not rolling anchor ring be complex-curved and be the taper ring forged piece of streamline distribution along the part profile, therefore, when the rolling anchor ring of needs is complex-curved taper ring forged piece, can only be rolled into the anchor ring that this article announces by the method that increases allowance earlier is the taper ring forged piece of burnishing surface, is complex-curved taper ring forged piece by being machined to anchor ring again.The taper ring forged piece that processes like this, the allowance of ring rolling spare blank is big, and the forging ' s block dimension precision is relatively poor, and the profile streamline of forging can not distribute along the part profile; Because processing capacity is bigger, both wasted time and energy and waste a large amount of valuable aluminum alloy materials, thereby the profile streamline that has cut off forging again has a negative impact to the tissue and the performance of forging.
During aluminum alloy taper ring forged piece, expect from alloy bar and finally to be rolled into taper ring forged piece, the deflection of alloy is very big to the tissue and the performance impact of ring rolling spare, because the plasticity of aluminium alloy is relatively poor, its deflection is selected inaccurate, will cause ring rolling spare crystal grain thick, roll defectives such as splitting, run over and injure, easily produce overlap, thereby influence the payment and the use of forging.
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of method for rolling and shaping of aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the method that a kind of deflection is accurately realized the accurate rolling and shaping of aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece, adopts the taper ring forged piece of this method roll off to be streamline distribution along the part profile, and has good tissue and performance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the method for rolling and shaping of aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece of the present invention, its technical scheme may further comprise the steps:
Aluminium alloy bar by the specification blanking is heated to deformation temperature, makes its distortion 65%~70% obtain solid cake through jumping-up; Described solid cake punching make its aperture size be its outside dimension 30%~35% after obtain hollow cake;
Heat and obtain the straight-flanked ring base after described hollow cake makes after the deformation temperature it by saddle support reaming distortion 35%~40%; Described straight-flanked ring base is heated to put into after the deformation temperature in the bulging die obtained the pre-strip plate of taper after the bulging distortion 10%~15%;
Heat the pre-strip plate of described taper to deformation temperature, described pre-strip plate is put into machine for rolling ring roll off mould, the longitudinal cross-section of described pre-strip plate in the taper pass of roll off mould by the machine for rolling ring roll off and by described pass warpage 40%~45%, described pre-strip plate wall thickness reduce and radially broadening by the tapered ring rolling spare of roll off.
When the taper surface of the roll off mould that constitutes above-mentioned taper pass was curved surface, the anchor ring of the taper ring forged piece of rolling and shaping was a curved surface; When the taper surface of the roll off mould that constitutes above-mentioned taper pass was burnishing surface, the anchor ring of the taper ring forged piece of rolling and shaping was a burnishing surface.
During roll off, above-mentioned pre-strip plate broadening speed radially is 2mm/s~15mm/s, and the radial rolling power that is subjected to is 20000kg~120000kg.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is by the aluminium alloy bar of the specification blanking whole technical process from jumping-up, punching, system straight-flanked ring base, the pre-strip plate of system taper to the tapered ring rolling spare of roll off, deflection is shaped taper ring forged piece with use roll off mould by selecting for use accurately, has obtained the taper ring forged piece of even tissue and function admirable.With the U.S. material trade mark is that 2618 aluminium alloy is an example, and the metallographic macrostructure of this alloy taper ring forged piece different parts finds no defectives such as coarse-grain, crackle, scar, shrinkage cavity after testing; The metallographic mirco structure of this alloy taper ring forged piece different parts has after testing obtained the tissue of uniform crystal particles; The room temperature tensile performance of this alloy taper ring forged piece after testing, its tensile strength is 430MPa~452MPa (greater than the 397MPa of instructions for use), its percentage elongation is that 0.2% o'clock yield strength is 365MPa~387MPa (greater than the 283MPa of instructions for use), its elongation after fracture be 6.5%~9% (greater than instructions for use 6%); This alloy taper ring rolling after testing. the Brinell hardness of part is 150, has satisfied instructions for use; From the physics and chemistry testing result of this alloy taper ring forged piece as can be known, adopt this alloy taper ring forged piece of said method rolling and shaping to obtain unforeseeable technique effect, satisfied its instructions for use greatly.
The present invention is also by installing the rolling and shaping that the roll off mould is realized the aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece on machine for rolling ring, i.e. mounting core roller die on the core roller of machine for rolling ring, the home roll mould is installed on its home roll, can be formed for the taper pass of roll off taper ring forged piece behind core roller die and the home roll mould matched moulds, thereby the forming mode mountain home roll of taper ring forged piece, core roller and awl roller rolling and shaping are improved to main mountain mould rolling and shaping, and the shape of the taper surface of the roll off mould by change constituting described taper pass, but the just taper ring forged piece of the different torus shape of rolling and shaping, thereby make this mould go out the taper ring forged piece that anchor ring is curved surface or burnishing surface by roll off.
And, adopt this method roll off aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece, the anchor ring that can obtain to distribute along the part profile is the taper ring forged piece of complex-curved streamline, improved the dimensional accuracy of taper ring forged piece, thereby can realize accurately rollingly, reduce the machine-finish allowance of taper ring forged piece and the waste of valuable aluminum alloy materials; When the ring rolling spare of the different torus shape of roll off, only needing to change the module that forms described taper pass on the roll off mould gets final product, and needn't change the home roll, core roller of machine for rolling ring and embrace parts such as roller, thereby can reduce the manufacturing cost of taper ring forged piece, the dimension that shortens the production cycle and help equipment expands maintenance.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the bad blank-making technology flow chart of straight-flanked ring.
Fig. 2 is the blank-making technology flow chart of the pre-strip plate of taper.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart that the pre-strip plate of taper is put into the roll off mould.
Fig. 4 is the process drawing of the tapered ring rolling spare of the pre-strip plate roll off of taper.
Fig. 5 be roll off technical process shown in Figure 4 overlook the direction schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the profilograph of the taper ring forged piece of rolling and shaping along its center line.
Fig. 7 (a) is the metallographic macrostructure figure at a shown in Figure 6 position.
Fig. 7 (b) is the metallographic macrostructure figure at b shown in Figure 6 position.
Fig. 7 (a ') is the metallographic mirco structure figure at a shown in Figure 6 position.
Fig. 7 (b ') is the metallographic mirco structure figure at b shown in Figure 6 position.
Fig. 8 (a) is the roll off mould pass figure of second kind of structure.
Fig. 8 (b) adopts taper ring forged piece that the roll off mould pass shown in Fig. 8 (a) the rolls into profilograph along its center line.
Fig. 9 (a) is the roll off mould pass figure of the third structure.
Fig. 9 (b) adopts taper ring forged piece that the roll off mould pass shown in Fig. 9 (a) the rolls into profilograph along its center line.
Figure 10 (a) is the roll off mould pass figure of the 4th kind of structure.
Figure 10 (b) adopts taper ring forged piece that the roll off mould pass shown in Figure 10 (a) the rolls into profilograph along its center line.
The specific embodiment
The method for rolling and shaping of implementing aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece of the present invention need provide equipment such as forge furnace, forcing press, machine for rolling ring, manipulator.Be that 2618 wrought aluminium alloy is the specific embodiment that example describes this method in detail with the U.S. material trade mark below:
The main chemical elements content (percentage by weight) of this alloy is: si content 0.10%~025%, contain Fe amount 0.90%~1.30%, contain Cu amount 1.90%~2.70%, contain Mg amount 1.30%~1.80%, contain the Zn amount less than 0.10%, contain Ti amount 0.04%~0.10%, ni content 0.90%~0.12%, contain other trace elements (single less than 0.005%, summation surplus less than 0.15%) in addition, surplus is Al.
This alloy is as follows to the processing step of producing qualified taper ring forged piece from bar:
Step 1: the base that straight-flanked ring is bad.As shown in Figure 1, the deformation temperature that in forge furnace, is heated to 440 ℃~460 ℃ by 2618 aluminium alloy bars 1 of specification blanking, jumping-up makes its distortion 65%~70% obtain solid cake 2 on forging press, then solid cake 2 usefulness drifts 4 are gone out centre bore obtains hollow cake 3, and the internal diameter size of described hollow cake 3 is 30%~35% of its outside dimensions; Hollow cake 3 is heated to again obtains straight-flanked ring base 5 after adopting after the above-mentioned deformation temperature saddle support reaming to make its distortion 35%~40%.The straight-flanked ring base 5 that adopts above-mentioned mode of texturing to make can obtain uniform tissue, avoids producing defectives such as crystal grain is thick, crackle.
Step 2: the base of the pre-strip plate of taper.As shown in Figure 2, bulging die patrix 6 is equipped with in the bottom surface of anvil block 8 on forcing press, on the following anvil block 9 of forcing press bulging die counterdie 7 is housed.Put in the described counterdie 7 after straight-flanked ring base 5 is heated to 440 ℃~460 ℃, the opening pressure machine makes described patrix 6 push this ring base 5 from the inner ring surface of straight-flanked ring base 5 and makes its distortion 10%~15% described upper and lower mould 6 in back and 7 matched moulds, obtains the pre-strip plate 10 of taper after the demoulding and the finishing.The pre-strip plate 10 of taper that adopts this mode of texturing to make, because deflection is little, mode of texturing is mainly radial compression and is shaped, and only need use less pressure that this pre-strip plate 10 is shaped during operation, and formability is better.
Step 3: the rolling and shaping of taper ring forged piece.Earlier the pre-strip plate 10 of taper is heated in forge furnace and puts into the roll off mould of forming by home roll mould and core roller die after 440 ℃~460 ℃, as shown in Figure 3, with manipulator this pre-strip plate 10 is sleeved on the interior pattern piece 16 of core roller die and lies in (not shown) on the chassis of machine for rolling ring, described core roller die is fixed on the core roller 12 by nut 23 and core roller key 24 by interior pattern piece 16, core retainer plate 21, pressure ring 22; Starting machine for rolling ring makes its home roll 13 rotate by direction shown in Figure 3, make core roller 12 core roller die and home roll mould matched moulds after home roll 13 direction translations are near home roll 13 then, described home roll mould is fixed on the home roll 13 by home roll cover 20 and home roll key 25 by bottom end cover 19, external form module 17, upper end cover 18, the outer peripheral face and the described upper and lower end cap 18 and 19 of pattern piece 16 and external form module 17 surround taper pass 11 in described, and the longitudinal cross-section of pre-strip plate 10 is in this taper pass 11; Simultaneously drive upper and lower awl roller 14 and 15 and rotate and prepare to clamp the upper and lower end face of pre-strip plate 10, make two of machine for rolling ring to embrace the bottom great circle side face that rollers 26 (as shown in Figure 5) help pre-strip plate 10 outer peripheral faces by direction shown in Figure 3 by machine for rolling ring; Home roll 13 drives pre-strip plate 10, core roller 12 and two and embraces rollers 26 and press Fig. 4 and direction rotation shown in Figure 5, and at this moment the upper and lower awl roller 14 and 15 of the Zhuan Donging upper and lower end face that clamps the pre-strip plate 10 of rotation therewith rotates; Core roller 12 radially makes core roller 12 and the home roll 13 roll-force pre-strip plate 10 of roll off in its taper pass 11 with 20000kg~120000kg towards home roll 13 directions do feed motion, pre-strip plate 10 is with the speed of 2mm/s~15mm/s broadening radially, its wall thickness reduces gradually, and upper and lower awl roller 14 and 15 and two armfuls of rollers 26 move outward along with the radially broadening of pre-strip plate 10; Pre-strip plate 10 is become taper ring forged piece 27 after the roll off generation continuous local plastic distortion 40%~45% in taper pass 11, after stopping, all rotatable parts remove home roll 13, awl roller 14 and 15, two machine for rolling ring cantilevers of embracing roller 26 and being pressed in core roller 12 tops, with the taper ring forged piece 27 of manipulator from the taking-up of core roller top.
To step 3, the finish to gauge of this alloy or final forging temperature are not less than 350 ℃ in above-mentioned steps 1.
As shown in Figure 6, the outer ring surface of taper ring forged piece 27 is by the curved surface that the outer shroud of its top c is faced directly, the outer shroud inclined-plane of the outer shroud inclined-plane of middle part d and bottom e links together by the transition of circular arc nature, and its inner ring surface is the curved surface by the interior ring of its top c is faced directly, the interior ring inclined-plane of the interior ring inclined-plane of middle part d and bottom e links together by the transition of circular arc nature.
Detect according to GB/T 228 " metal material tensile test at room temperature method ", the room temperature tensile strength of this alloy taper ring forged piece is 430MPa~452MPa, its percentage elongation is that 0.2% o'clock yield strength is 365MPa~387MPa, and elongation after fracture is 6.5%~9%.
Detect according to GB/3247 " aluminium and the aluminium alloy fabricated product macrostructure method of inspection ", the metallographic macrostructure of this taper ring forged piece is shown in Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b), wherein the sample of Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) be respectively take from a among Fig. 6 and b and, on above-mentioned macrostructure figure, all find no defectives such as coarse-grain, crackle, shrinkage cavity.
Detect according to GB/3246 " aluminium and the aluminium alloy fabricated product microscopic structure method of inspection ", the metallographic mirco structure of this taper ring forged piece (microscopically amplifies 100 times) is shown in Fig. 7 (a ') and Fig. 7 (b '), wherein the sample of Fig. 7 (a ') and Fig. 7 (b ') is respectively a and the b position of taking among Fig. 6, its uniform crystal particles as can be seen from the above-mentioned mirco structure figure is not seen coarse-grain.
Detect according to GB/231 " metal Brinell hardness test method ", the Brinell hardness of this taper ring forged piece is 150.
Above-mentioned physics and chemistry testing result shows, adopts 2618 aluminium alloy taper ring forged pieces of said method rolling and shaping to have good interior tissue and performance, has satisfied the instructions for use of this alloy forged piece fully.
Fig. 8 (a) shows the taper ring forged piece 27 shown in rolling Fig. 8 (b)
aThe taper pass 11 of roll off mould
aStructure, in Fig. 8 (a), pattern piece 16 in only needing change the interior pattern piece 16 among Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and external form module 17 respectively into
aWith external form module 17
aGet final product the taper ring forged piece 27 of rolling and shaping
aInside and outside anchor ring be burnishing surface.
Fig. 9 (a) shows the taper ring forged piece 27 shown in rolling Fig. 9 (b)
bThe taper pass 11 of roll off mould
bStructure, in Fig. 9 (a), pattern piece 16 in only needing change the interior pattern piece 16 among Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and external form module 17 respectively into
bWith external form module 17
bGet final product.Taper ring forged piece 27
bOuter ring surface be by the outer ring surface of the protruding ring of the outer shroud inclined-plane of the outer ring surface of the protruding ring of its top c ', middle part d ' and bottom e ' by the transition of circular arc nature link together complex-curved, its inner ring surface is to face the curved surface that is connected by the natural transition of circular arc with the interior ring inclined-plane of middle part d ', bottom e ' directly by the interior ring of top c '.
Figure 10 (a) shows the taper ring forged piece 27 shown in rolling Figure 10 (b)
cThe taper pass 11 of roll off mould
cStructure, in Figure 10 (a), pattern piece 16 in only needing change the interior pattern piece 16 among Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and external form module 17 respectively into
cWith external form module 17
cGet final product.The taper ring forged piece 27 of rolling and shaping
cIts inner ring surface is to face the curved surface that is connected by the transition of circular arc nature with the order at g, h, i, j, k position with the interior ring inclined-plane at h, j position directly by the interior ring at this forging g, i, k position, and its outer ring surface is to face the curved surface that is connected by the natural transition of circular arc with the order at g, h, i, j, k position with the outer shroud inclined-plane at h, j position directly by the outer shroud at this forging g, i, k position.
From Fig. 8 (a), Fig. 9 (a) and Figure 10 (a) as can be seen, adopting the aluminium alloy taper ring forged piece of above-mentioned method for rolling and shaping and roll off mould roll off different cross section is very easily.When the tapering of the taper ring forged piece of rolling and shaping was little, the pre-strip plate of the taper of above-mentioned steps 2 can add certain gradient by machine and obtain, or directly substitutes the tapered ring rolling spare of the pre-strip plate roll off of this taper with the pre-strip plate of rectangle.Rolling and shaping of the present invention is the forming mode that the pre-strip plate of ring rolling spare is rolled into ring rolling spare by the roll off mould.