CN100567991C - Intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision, comprise vane, reducing gear, fixed connecting rod, weathercock, the wind azimuth piece, image unit and detection wind speed and direction microprocessor, vane is fixedlyed connected with the input shaft upper end of reducing gear, the lower end of the input shaft of reducing gear is socketed in the upper end of fixed connecting rod, weathercock is sleeved on the coupling shaft, coupling shaft is fixedlyed connected with the fixed connecting rod lower end, the wind azimuth piece is installed in the end of weathercock, the height of the upper end of wind azimuth piece and described reducing gear are positioned at same plane, on the input shaft of reducing gear and output shaft, pointer is installed respectively, two pointers, the top of wind azimuth piece is provided with the marker color of setting, and the image unit that is used to gather reducing gear place plane picture is installed on described reducing gear.The invention provides a kind of precision height, highly sensitive, reliably and with long-term, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision of testing result good reliability.

Description

Intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision

Technical field

The invention belongs to the application of computer image processing technology, wind speed and direction visualization technique and mechanical designing technique, mainly be applicable to fields such as meteorology, ocean, environment, agricultural, water conservancy, electric power, military affairs, airport, scientific research, historical relic's protection in the wind speed and direction context of detection.

Background technology

The wind field measurement comprises wind speed and wind direction, and desirable wind field survey sensor should be determined a trivector.But all there is great difficulty in trivector in development and demarcation.Thereby general wind field survey sensor determines all is two-dimensional vector, generally is thought of as (xy plane) two-dimensional vector, wind speed-Mo value and wind direction-direction.At some in particular cases, vertical movement is also quite remarkable, as the leeward slope on mountain, strong convective cloud.

The technology of measuring wind mainly is divided into following four kinds at present: 1) rotary measuring wind speed; 2) pressure type measuring wind speed; 3) heating power formula measuring wind speed; 4) ultrasonic measuring wind speed.Common measuring wind speed instrument has following three kinds on the market: 1. cup anemometer is most widely used a kind of anemometer.By three (or four) semispheres or the empty cup of parabolical, all be evenly distributed on the horizontal stand along one side, support links to each other with rotating shaft.Under wind action, vane rotates around the shaft, and its rotating speed is proportional to wind speed.Rotating speed can be used records such as electric contact, tech-generator, gear or photoelectric counter.2. the oar blade type anemometer is equally spaced installed in one vertical by certain angle by some blades, can rotate around transverse axis against the wind, and its rotating speed is proportional to wind speed.Blade has two kinds of the windmill type of plate blade and propeller types.Modal is by the cloverleaf four-blade propeller, is contained in the streamlined weathervane front portion of likeness in form airframe, weathervane make the blade Plane of rotation aim at all the time wind come to.Wherein cup anemometer and oar blade type anemometer all belong to rotary measuring wind speed on principle.3. heating power formula anemometer by the fine wire of current flow heats or microsphere resistance, is placed in the air-flow, and the square root of its rate of heat dissipation and wind speed is linear.Usually when making heating current constant, measure the temperature of heating object, just can extrapolate wind speed.Heating power formula anemometer induction speed is fast, and time constant has only a few percent second, when little wind speed sensitivity higher, should be applied to indoor and open-air atmospheric turbulence and test, also be the important tool of agricultural weather measurement.

Recent years, people adopted silicon heat flux wind speed and direction to measure owing to the development of CMOS technology; Utilize the measuring principle of temperature difference type, adopt certain control, sensor surface is heated, make it to be higher than the environment uniform temperature, by measuring wind direction symmetric points place since on the sheet that Influences on Wind Velocity produces the temperature difference obtain the information of wind speed and direction, also be a kind of heating power formula wind measurement method on principle.This measurement means generally is applicable to indoor wind field measurement.Ultrasonic measuring wind speed is to utilize ultrasound wave to do two-way propagation along air-flow direction, thereby measures the instrument of nature wind speed, and also existing procucts come out at present.

In meteorological observation, adopt a vane formula wind gage to come measuring wind, this sensor is insensitive to wind direction, adopts a weathercock again, is used to measure the direction vector on plane relatively.

Existing rotary measuring wind speed instrument has been gone through development and the improvement of several decades, extensively promoted the use of with its power consumption simple in structure, no, outstanding advantage such as directly perceived, and be most widely used a kind of wind measurement method at present.

What the wind velocity signal conversion method in rotary measuring wind speed instrument mainly adopted at present is that electric motor type and electricity connect these two kinds of methods of formula: in electric motor type measuring wind speed instrument, vane drives tech-generator, the voltage signal that output is directly proportional with rotating speed (wind speed); Connect in the formula measuring wind speed instrument at electricity, vane is through the pulse signal of the certain fetch of gear output representative, number of pulse signals in the metering predetermined distance time, and the mean wind speed that obtains this period equals fetch number/interval time this period.The air velocity transducer of electricity type is that electricity connects a kind of opto-electronic conversion in the formula wind measurement method, adopt low inertia light metal vane in the sensor, rotation with the wind, driving coaxial episcotister rotates, with photoelectron scanning output pulse string, output is convenient to gather and handle corresponding to the pulsed frequency respective value of revolution.

Weathervane is a kind of critical piece of most widely used measurement wind direction instrument.Pointing to bar, empennage and turning axle by level forms.Under wind action, empennage produces turning moment rotates weathervane, and constantly adjusts and point to bar indication wind direction.At present mainly adopted various angular transducers to carry out the conversion of wind direction signals the conversion of wind direction signals, mainly contained: 1) mechanical type; 2) electric; 3) potentiometer formula; 4) four kinds of angular transducers such as photo-electric, wherein the wind transducer of photoelectric type is most widely used.The wind transducer of photoelectric type adopts the weathervane response wind direction of low inertia light metal, drives coaxial code-disc and rotates, and this code-disc is pressed gray encoding and with photoelectron scanning, exported the electric signal of corresponding wind direction.The wind direction of weathervane induction must be delivered on the indicating instrument on ground, the simplest with contact, weathervane drives the contact, connects bulb or the recording pointer electromagnet of representing wind direction, make the indication or the record of wind direction, but its resolution can only be accomplished an orientation (22.5 °).Accurate method has selsyn and photoelectric code disk.

The 7th part of QX/TXXXX-2005 " surface weather observation standard ", " the surface weather observation standard " issued in view of China Meteorological Administration generally acknowledged by domestic a lot of industries for many years and adopted, so the domestic file of the main foundation of QX/TXXXX-2005 is " surface weather observation standard " (China Meteorological Administration, the Meteorology Publishing House, 2003.11) and relevant supplementary document.The international document of reference is " meteorologic instrument and observation procedure guide " sixth version (World Meteorological Organization (WMO)) and " global observing system handbook (World Meteorological Organization (WMO)).Clearly stipulated content in this standard, can adopt dual mode to observe, be i.e. artificial observation and observation automatically surface weather observation.When artificial observation, measure mean wind speed and maximum wind direction.That is furnished with recording instrument wants the style to the continuous recording of wind speed and put in order.When observing automatically, measure mean wind speed, mean wind direction, maximum wind velocity, extreme wind speed.This specifications recommend standard is made up of wind direction and wind speed two parts.The wind direction part is made up of weathercock, wind azimuth piece, conducting ring, contact spring etc.; The wind speed part is made up of vane, alternator, worm gear etc.

The environment for use condition of the sensor of observation wind direction and wind velocity is very abominable, not only the wind speed variation range is big, and be in that temperature variation is big, under high humidity, sand and dust, strong wind and thunder and lightning disturb, add that condition of power supply from far-off regions is poor, manipulate personnel specialty knowledge shortcoming etc., therefore, high to the qualitative performance requirements of wind direction and wind velocity.Good wind direction and wind velocity sensor should have following characteristic:

(1) the wind speed loss is low, resolving power is high, can detect minimum wind speed, can react the change of wind direction when little wind, and good startability is promptly arranged; Have good dynamic perfromance, can follow the tracks of extraneous wind direction quickly and accurately and change.

(2) measuring accuracy height must reach the measuring error that " standard " requires.

(3) measuring error is not subjected to wind speed variable effect or influenced minimum, is 0.5～60m/s or in larger scope at wind speed, can keep high precision, and measuring error is smaller or equal to ± 2%.

(4) (as: high temperature, high humidity, sand and dust, thunder and lightning etc.) can work reliably and with long-term under the influence of abominable external environment condition.

(5) no power consumption type or extremely low power dissipation type.

(6) install, adjust simple and convenient.

(7) error calibrating equipment needed thereby is simple, and on-site proving is easy to operation.

At present in the research and development field of wind speed wind direction sensor, unrolling improve the wind speed and direction data acquisition, there are some new achievements the transmission aspect.As the novel publication number of practicality is the analog dial digital display anemometer of CN2708334, comprises liquid crystal display and switch on air velocity transducer and wind transducer and the panel board.Wherein, air velocity transducer and photoisolator join, and join with the T0 pin of single-chip microcomputer after the Signal Spacing again.Wind transducer joins successively with integer circuit, driving circuit and another photoisolator and then links to each other with single-chip microcomputer, it is characterized in that it also comprises the clock chip that is connected to single-chip microcomputer.Consider printing, communication and data storage, on single-chip microcomputer, be connected with USB interface and RAM storer that printer interface, serial line interface and data storage are used; The utility model publication number is the automatic Acquisition Instrument of a kind of wind speed and direction of CN2321006, contains weathervane, wind speed induction cup, Hall element, magnet etc.; On fixed mount, be provided with weathervane and wind speed induction cup, in the weathervane rotating shaft, be fixedly connected with magnet, and under the magnet of weathervane rotating shaft, be with the wind direction price fixing of band Hall element; In the rotating shaft of wind speed induction cup, be with the wind speed rotating disk of carry magnet in addition, be provided with Hall element at wind speed rotating disk side; The electric signal of Hall element is measured control processing circuit with wind speed and direction and is linked to each other; The utility model publication number is CN2266740 propeller type wind detection sensor, and it comprises the measuring wind speed part, and wind direction measure portion and vertical pivot are surveyed the wind speed and direction part, and the blade that it is characterized in that screw propeller is a rectangle, and blade adopts plastics to make; Connecting link in the measure portion that determines the wind direction is a hollow tubular, and empennage is upper and lower symmetric arrangement; Three-way body directly drives upper and lower code-disc transmission.Its advantage is: because the improvement of screw propeller reduces starting wind velocity; Empennage, the improvement of connecting link reduces moment of inertia, makes the barycenter of empennage more reasonable to the distance of the centre of gyration; The direct drive connection of the individual layer of three-way body and code-disc improves transmission efficiency.More than the defective that exists of various anemometers be: precision is low, sensitivity is low, poor reliability.

Summary of the invention

Low for the precision that overcomes existing wind speed and direction sensing device, sensitivity is low, the deficiency of poor reliability, the invention provides a kind of precision height, highly sensitive, reliably and with long-term, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision of testing result good reliability.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A kind of intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision, comprise vane, reducing gear, fixed connecting rod, weathercock, the wind azimuth piece, image unit and detection wind speed and direction microprocessor, described vane is fixedlyed connected with the input shaft upper end of reducing gear, the lower end of the input shaft of described reducing gear is socketed in the upper end of fixed connecting rod, described weathercock is sleeved on the coupling shaft, described coupling shaft is fixedlyed connected with the fixed connecting rod lower end, the wind azimuth piece is installed in the end of described weathercock, the height of the upper end of described wind azimuth piece and described reducing gear are positioned at same plane, on the input shaft of reducing gear and output shaft, pointer is installed respectively, described two pointers, the top of wind azimuth piece is provided with the marker color of setting, the image unit that is used to gather reducing gear place plane picture is installed on described reducing gear, described detection wind speed and direction comprises with microprocessor: the view data read module is used to read image unit and passes the video image information of coming; The color space conversion module is used for the screen image is transformed into yuv space from rgb color space; The corner computing module, be used to calculate the corner of two pointers and wind azimuth piece, video image is converted into binary image, default wind azimuth piece and the fulcrum of two pointers on binary image, the transverse axis of visual plane is the north-south, the longitudinal axis is an East and West direction, the wind azimuth piece fulcrum that will unroll rotates when wind direction changes, after vane is subjected to wind-force, there is the pointer of obvious color characteristic this central point that also can unroll to rotate, the center of wind azimuth piece and the pitch angle of the straight line between the fulcrum are the corner of wind azimuth piece, and the center of pointer and the pitch angle of the straight line between the fulcrum are the corner of pointer; The wind speed detection module, be used for the wind speed on the detection level two dimensional surface, set the inspection process time of every two field picture, the angle of pointer on input shaft in the observation reducing gear and the output shaft, when gentle breeze, N comes the angle of vane rotation in the representation unit time, i.e. the angle of pointer rotation on the input shaft, and the relation between the angle that wind speed and vane rotate is represented by formula (1);

V＝a+bN+cN ² (1)

In the following formula: V represents wind speed, is unit with the meter per second, the angle of vane rotation in the N representation unit time, and a, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant;

When high wind, the reduction gear ratio of reducing gear is n, and the relation between the angle of the output shaft rotation of wind speed and reducing gear is represented by formula (2):

V＝a+bN/n+c(N/n) ² (2)

In the following formula: V represents wind speed, is unit with the meter per second, the angle of the output shaft of reducing gear rotation in the N/n representation unit time; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant;

The wind direction detection module is used for the wind direction on the detection level two dimensional surface, sets the inspection process time of every two field picture, the angle of observation weathervane, and the centre position of writing down its hunting range, each two field picture obtains the corner of weathercock

Further, in described wind speed detection module, comprise instantaneous wind speed computing unit, maximum instantaneous power computing unit, one-minute average wind speed computing unit, two minutes mean wind speed computing units, ten minutes mean wind speed computing units and day maximum wind velocity computing unit, wherein

The instantaneous wind speed computing unit, be used to calculate the mean wind speed in 3 seconds, the sampling interval of setting video image was 5 frame/seconds, be the sampling time of 15 frame video images 3 seconds, the pointer experience of the output shaft of accumulative total reducing gear is handled the angle of being rotated in 15 frame video image times, N/n with in this angle value substitution formula (2) tries to achieve instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t);

The maximum instantaneous power computing unit is used to add up the maximum instantaneous power value that occurs in the period setting;

One-minute average wind speed computing unit is used for according to instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t) try to achieve mean wind speed V (t) in one minute by formula (5):

$V\left(t\right)=\underset{t=1}{\overset{20}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_3(t-19)---\left(5\right)$

In the formula: V ₃(t) mean wind speed in 3 seconds of expression, one minute mean wind speed of V (t) expression;

Two minutes mean wind speed computing units are used for two minutes mean wind speeds asking by formula (6) according to one minute mean wind speed V (t):

$V_2\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{2}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-1)}{2}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula: V ₂(t) two minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Ten minutes mean wind speed computing units are used for ten minutes mean wind speeds asking by formula (7) according to one minute mean wind speed V (t):

$V_{10}\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{10}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-9)}{10}---\left(7\right)$

In the formula: V ₁₀(t) ten minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Day maximum wind velocity computing unit is used for the wind speed that the wind speed record intercepts 10 minutes line segments respectively according to 20 o'clock 20 o'clock～next day of every day and compares, and selects maximal value as 10 minutes this days maximum wind velocity, calculates a day maximum wind velocity V by computing formula (8) _10-max(t):

V _10-max(t)＝max(V ₁₀(20:10)，V ₁₀(20:20)，......，V ₁₀(20:00)) (8)。

Further, in described wind direction detection module, comprise instantaneous wind direction computing unit, two minutes mean wind direction computing units and ten minutes mean wind direction computing units, wherein,

Instantaneous wind direction computing unit is used for observing the corner that obtains weathercock at each two field picture

The sampling interval of video image was 5 frame/seconds, and be the sampling time of 15 frame video images 3 seconds, tried to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds with formula (9):

In the formula: Represent a two field picture apoplexy target corner,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

Two minutes mean wind direction computing units are used for basis

Try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of two minutes weathercocks by formula (10),

In the formula:

The centre position of the hunting range of two minutes weathercocks of expression, The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

Ten minutes mean wind direction computing units are used for basis

Try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of ten minutes weathercocks by formula (11),

In the formula:

The centre position of the hunting range of ten minutes weathercocks of expression,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in two minutes.

Further again, described reducing gear comprises pinion wheel and gear wheel, and described input shaft connects with pinion wheel, described pinion wheel and gear wheel engagement, and described gear wheel connects with output shaft.

Described reducing gear is an epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type mechanism, and described epicyclic type mechanism comprises internal gear, gear and sun gear, and sun gear connects with input shaft, and described internal gear connects with output shaft.

The top of described two pointers, wind azimuth piece scribbles fluorescent material.

Installation guide pin on the described coupling shaft.Described measurement mechanism also comprises charging circuit, and the input shaft of described reducing gear connects generator, and described generator connects charging circuit, described charging circuit joint detection wind speed and direction microprocessor.

Technical conceive of the present invention is: the mode with machine vision detects wind speed and direction, at first need to carry out wind speed and direction visual, observe instantaneous wind speed wind direction and accumulative total wind speed and direction by designing special wind speed and direction device, consider the convenience that video is observed, will represent among the present invention in the visual segment set of wind speed and direction in one plane; Measuring wind and wind direction are made of two parts, 3, two on the axle that measuring wind adopts vane 1, deceleration unit 2, connect vane and deceleration unit is made up of the pointer of obvious color characteristic and fixed connecting rod 5 etc., on the input shaft 3 that two pointers are separately fixed at deceleration unit and the output shaft 4; Measure wind direction and partly adopt compositions such as weathercock 8, wind azimuth piece 6, coupling shaft 7, wind azimuth piece 6 tops scribble obvious color, so that machine energy quick identification; A deep hole is arranged on coupling shaft 7, the diameter in hole is identical with the external diameter of fixed connecting rod 5, fixed connecting rod 5 and coupling shaft 7 are on same central axis, in a deep hole on the fixed connecting rod 5 insertion coupling shafts 7, the detecting unit of wind speed and the detecting unit of wind direction are integrated, the wind azimuth piece that has guaranteed two pointers that obvious color characteristic arranged and obvious color characteristic arranged basically in one plane, as shown in Figure 3; Image unit 10 is fixed on the deceleration unit 2 by connecting link 9, the optics camera part of image unit 10 down, deceleration unit 2 and wind azimuth piece 6 are all in the visual range of image unit 10, by the taken video image of image unit 10 as shown in Figure 5, axle 3 the centers of deceleration unit at video image.

The detecting unit of described wind speed, be used to detect the rotating speed on the axle 3 of vane and deceleration unit,, consider the processing times such as Computer Processing, image recognition owing to adopt video observation, the inspection process time of generally getting every two field picture is at 10～15ms, promptly about 5 frame/seconds; If come the representation unit angle that vane rotates in the time with N, the relation between the angle of wind speed and vane rotation can be represented by formula (1) so;

V＝a+bN+cN ² (1)

In the formula: V represents wind speed, and (m/s) is unit with meter per second, gets 1 decimal; The angle of vane rotation in the N representation unit time; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant.

The measurement range of having stipulated wind speed in " surface weather observation standard " is 0～60m/s, scope for wide like this measuring wind speed, promptly to guarantee measuring accuracy in different wind speed range, make again and in different wind speed range, be convenient to video observation, among the present invention by the input shaft in the video observation deceleration unit 2 respectively and the rotating speed of output shaft, when gentle breeze,, therefore observe the input shaft rotational speed in the deceleration unit 2 because the rotating speed of the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2 is very slow; When high wind, because the input shaft rotational speed in the deceleration unit 2 is very fast, almost do not observe input shaft rotational speed in the deceleration unit 2 by video, therefore observe the rotating speed of the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2; Among the present invention the reduction gear ratio in the deceleration unit 2 is designed to n, the relation between the angle of the rotation of the output shaft in wind speed and the deceleration unit 2 can be represented by formula (2) so;

V＝a+bN/n+c(N/n) ² (2)

In the formula: V represents wind speed, and (m/s) is unit with meter per second, gets 1 decimal; The angle of the output shaft rotation in the N/n representation unit time in the deceleration unit 2; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant.

During design reduction gear ratio n, consider that maximum measuring wind is 60m/s and Computer Processing image time was 5 frame/seconds, in maximum measuring wind is that the angle that the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2 rotates under the 60m/s state is no more than 360 °/frame, promptly 1800 °/second (＜5 circle/second); Under this constraint condition, calculate the correct angle of telling the rotation of the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2 in the video image of function.

Described deceleration unit 2 is used for the rotating speed on the axle 3 of connection vane and deceleration unit is passed through deceleration unit 2 reductions of speed, behind above-mentioned designed good reduction gear ratio n, judges whether adopt two gears to slow down meets design requirement, as shown in accompanying drawing 1.If deceleration unit 2 suffers restraints dimensionally, can adopt epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type as deceleration unit 2, as shown in Figure 6, small one and large one two circles are arranged among the figure, and two circles are concentric, and the annular section between two circles has other three roundlets, one of maximum is internal gear 14 in all circles, other four roundlets all are gears, and middle that is sun gear 13, and other three roundlets are planetary gear 12.The axle 3 that connects vane and deceleration unit drives the sun gear 13 of reductors, and sun gear 13 drives the planetary gear 13 that is supported on the internal gear again, and planetary gear 13 is by the engaged transmission of itself and outer tooth ring, and the output shaft that driving links to each other with outer tooth ring reaches the purpose of deceleration.This kind of drive has: 1) ratio of gear can reach 87, and av eff is more than 92%; 2) the compact conformation volume is little; 3) the running stationary noise is low; 4) use advantages such as Q-percentile life is long.

The described pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged also can photograph the rotation of pointer in order to make image unit 10 under the insufficient light situations such as night, scribbles fluorescent material on the pointer.

The described pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged, one is placed on the input rotation axis, and one is placed on the output rotation axis; Also can be directly with fluorescent material be plotted on the driving gear with the shape of pointer and driven gear on, described driving gear is to be connected with the input shaft 3 that is connected vane and deceleration unit, and described driven gear is connected with a joggle, is installed in the gear wheel on the take-off (propeller) shaft with driving gear.

Described wind direction part detecting unit, constitute by empennage, sensing bar, balance bob, main shaft etc., to point to bar, being made of one of balance bob among the present invention, keep being similar to the streamlined of airframe, form weathercock 8, weathercock 8 and wind azimuth piece 6 are connected to form the weathercock of a similar aircraft shape, have a through hole at the center of gravity place of weathercock 8, coupling shaft 7 inserts in the through hole of weathercock 8, is connected with its realization rolling pair, weathercock can rotate freely around coupling shaft 7 like this, as shown in Figure 2; Wind direction part detecting unit will satisfy following three requirements: 1) rotating shaft friction force is little, and starting wind velocity is little; 2) whole machine balancing is good; 3) has good dynamic perfromance; Fixed connecting rod 5 concentrics of the detecting unit of coupling shaft 7 and wind speed, have a deep hole on the coupling shaft 7, the diameter of deep hole is identical with the diameter of the fixed connecting rod 5 of the detecting unit of wind speed, during with wind direction part detecting unit and the assembling of wind speed part detecting unit, at first two unit are assembled separately, fixed connecting rod 5 with the detecting unit of wind speed is inserted in the coupling shaft 7 of wind direction part detecting unit then, and in one plane with the center line of the axial line of input shaft in the deceleration unit 2 of wind speed part detecting unit and output shaft and guide bar 11, then carry out fastening, as shown in Figure 3.

During on-the-spot the installation, correct in order to guarantee the wind speed wind direction sensor installation direction, make the S direction of sensor point to accurately Due South to, by changing the wind speed wind direction sensor installation direction, make guide bar 11 indications direction and compass definite Due South to consistent.The main body of wind speed wind direction sensor must be perpendicular to surface level when wind speed wind direction sensor was installed.

The described wind azimuth piece that obvious color characteristic is arranged also can photograph the rotation of wind azimuth piece in order to make image unit 10 under the insufficient light situations such as night, and the top of wind azimuth piece scribbles fluorescent material;

Described wind speed and direction is measured control processing circuit and is made up of image unit, embedded system; Energy when the power supply of described wind speed and direction measurement control processing circuit also can adopt the vane rotation drives generator or solar cell is linked by normal charge circuit and accumulator, produces stabilized voltage supply by voltage stabilizer again.

It is to pass through the angle position that the video image that obtains is handled up till now that the rotational angle of described wind azimuth piece and the pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged detects, for the simplified image computing, colour planning with wind azimuth piece and the pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged in this patent becomes red, in order under the not enough situation of illumination brightness such as night, also to obtain video image preferably, we are with the wind azimuth piece and have the pointer of obvious color characteristic to spray with red fluorescence powder, and so Shang Mian detection just can be reduced to the corner of red fluorescence part on some planes and detect problem; The video image that reads from camera head is a rgb color space, rgb color space is responsive to brightness ratio, particularly the wind speed and direction survey sensor that uses in the open air should and not cause mistake to measure by the brightness variation, here pass through the color space conversion module with of the conversion of image rgb color space, for obtaining the wind azimuth piece and having the pointer travel of obvious color characteristic to do homework to yuv space;

The YUV color model is a kind of color model commonly used, its essential characteristic is that luminance signal is separated with color signal, Y represents brightness, and U, V are two chrominance components, the expression aberration, generally be blue, red relative value is because human eye is to the variation comparison change in color sensitivity of brightness, therefore, the shared bandwidth of the value of Y component provides more than or equal to linear dependence between shared bandwidth YUV of chrominance component and the RGB model such as formula (3) in the YUV model

Y＝0.301*R+0.586*G+0.113*B (3)

U＝-0.301*R-0.586*G+0.887*B

V＝0.699*R-0.586*G-0.113*B

Because we only are concerned about the wind azimuth piece and the corner of the pointer of obvious color characteristic are arranged, as long as calculate the value of red component, obtain corresponding binary image then when therefore above-mentioned formula calculates in the wind speed and direction survey sensor.

Described binary image, red component becomes white colour after image binaryzation is handled, and remainder all becomes black color; In system initialisation phase, program is prefabricated wind azimuth piece and the fulcrum of pointer on binary image of obvious color characteristic arranged, will unroll this central point of wind azimuth piece rotates when wind direction changes, same when vane is subjected to wind-force after, this central point rotation of also can unrolling of the pointer of obvious color characteristic is arranged; Among the present invention the optic centre of image unit is arranged on the fixed connecting rod 5 of detecting unit of wind speed and the coupling shaft 7 of wind direction part detecting unit, the transverse axis of visual plane is the north-south, the longitudinal axis is an East and West direction, as shown in Figure 5, the taken video image of Fig. 4 is shown in the figure of the upper part of Fig. 5, when 30 ° of norths by west take place when wind direction to be changed to from positive north such as and vane have the pointer generation corner of obvious color characteristic to change after being subjected to wind-force, shown in the figure of the lower part of Fig. 5, we draw straight line from the center of the wind azimuth piece of binaryzation and the fulcrum of wind azimuth piece, present wind direction just can be identified in angle of inclination according to this straight line and north-south, we draw straight line from the center of the pointer of binaryzation and the fulcrum of this pointer as a same reason, according to the present Due South of this straight line to angle and the previous frame image in this straight line and Due South to the difference of angle obtain a two field picture angle that pointer rotated in the time interval, such as us the direction that vane is subjected to rotating behind the wind-force is decided to be clockwise direction, so among the figure of the lower part of Fig. 5 among the figure of pointer and the upper part of Fig. 5 pointer compare and rotated 45 °, can carry out the metering of wind direction and wind velocity according to above-mentioned image recognition with calculating.

Described wind speed metering, according to " surface weather observation standard " requirement, calculating maximum wind velocity (maximumwind speed) is the 10 minutes mean wind speed values of maximum to occur in certain period; Calculating extreme wind speed (extreme wind speed) is the maximum instantaneous power value to occur in certain period.In automatic weather station, instantaneous wind speed is meant the mean wind speed in 3 seconds; Calculate day maximum wind velocity and be from the wind speed that intercepts 10 minutes line segments at 20～20 o'clock () the wind speed record respectively every day and compare, select maximal value as 10 minutes this days maximum wind velocity, and the corresponding wind direction of picking, indicate the termination time of this period, the same day, maximum wind velocity occurred twice or above when identical, can appoint and choose wherein 1 time wind direction and termination time.Two minutes, ten minutes mean wind direction wind speed of requirement system output; The output strong wind is reported to the police, boat danger newspaper strong wind is reported to the police and sounded all clear wind direction, wind speed and time of occurrence thereof send alerting signal; Output 20 o'clock every days day extreme wind speed, maximum wind velocity and corresponding wind direction, time of occurrence, day total, per day, and can show various instantaneous values and mean value at any time, store 24 hours wind direction and wind velocity records.

Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: 1, visual and integrated design, image recognition, the automatic gauge by wind speed wind direction sensor calculates means such as judgement, improves the precision of measuring wind wind direction in resolution that improves the wind speed and direction measurement and range extension scope; 2, alleviate the difficulty of installation, adjustment, maintenance and the error calibrating of wind speed wind direction sensor; 3, accurately, sensitive, reliably and with long-term, wide-range, low cost, high-quality finish the measurement and the signal output of wind speed and direction; 4, realized with no paper, the digitizing of metering process of robotization, recording process of measuring process and the networking that detects sensing, also can make the tester pass through the video image of the wind speed and direction of long-range direct labor observation site simultaneously.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measuring wind speed sensor;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of wind direction survey sensor;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of wind speed and direction survey sensor;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation based on computer vision wind speed and direction survey sensor;

The video image synoptic diagram of Fig. 5 for being gathered based on computer vision wind speed and direction survey sensor;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the measuring wind speed sensor of employing epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the wind speed and direction survey sensor of employing epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type;

Fig. 8 is based on the embedded system hardware block diagram that adopts in the computer vision wind speed and direction survey sensor.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.

With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 8, a kind of intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision, comprise vane 1, reducing gear 2, fixed connecting rod 5, weathercock 8, wind azimuth piece 6, image unit 10 and detection wind speed and direction microprocessor, described vane 1 is fixedlyed connected with input shaft 3 upper ends of reducing gear, the lower end of the input shaft 3 of described reducing gear is socketed in the upper end of fixed connecting rod 5, described weathercock 8 is sleeved on the coupling shaft 7, described coupling shaft 7 is fixedlyed connected with fixed connecting rod 5 lower ends, wind azimuth piece 6 is installed in the end of described weathercock 8, the height of the upper end of described wind azimuth piece 6 and described reducing gear 2 are positioned at same plane, on the input shaft 3 of reducing gear and output shaft 4, pointer is installed respectively, described two pointers, the top of wind azimuth piece 6 is provided with the marker color of setting, the image unit 10 that is used to gather reducing gear place plane picture is installed on described reducing gear 2, described detection wind speed and direction comprises with microprocessor: the view data read module is used to read image unit and passes the video image information of coming; The color space conversion module is used for the screen image is transformed into yuv space from rgb color space; The corner computing module, be used to calculate the corner of two pointers and wind azimuth piece, video image is converted into binary image, default wind azimuth piece and the fulcrum of two pointers on binary image, the transverse axis of visual plane is the north-south, the longitudinal axis is an East and West direction, the wind azimuth piece fulcrum that will unroll rotates when wind direction changes, after vane is subjected to wind-force, there is the pointer of obvious color characteristic this central point that also can unroll to rotate, the center of wind azimuth piece and the pitch angle of the straight line between the fulcrum are the corner of wind azimuth piece, and the center of pointer and the pitch angle of the straight line between the fulcrum are the corner of pointer; The wind speed detection module, be used for the wind speed on the detection level two dimensional surface, set the inspection process time of every two field picture, the angle of pointer on input shaft in the observation reducing gear and the output shaft, when gentle breeze, N comes the angle of vane rotation in the representation unit time, i.e. the angle of pointer rotation on the input shaft, and the relation between the angle that wind speed and vane rotate is represented by formula (1);

V＝a+bN+cN ² (1)

In the following formula: V represents wind speed, is unit with the meter per second, the angle of vane rotation in the N representation unit time, and a, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant;

When high wind, the reduction gear ratio of reducing gear is n, and the relation between the angle of the output shaft rotation of wind speed and reducing gear is represented by formula (2):

V＝a+bN/n+c(N/n) ² (2)

In the following formula: V represents wind speed, is unit with the meter per second, the angle of the output shaft of reducing gear rotation in the N/n representation unit time; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant;

The wind direction detection module is used for the wind direction on the detection level two dimensional surface, sets the inspection process time of every two field picture, the angle of observation weathervane, and the centre position of writing down its hunting range, each two field picture obtains the corner of weathercock

In described wind speed detection module, comprise instantaneous wind speed computing unit, maximum instantaneous power computing unit, one-minute average wind speed computing unit, two minutes mean wind speed computing units, ten minutes mean wind speed computing units and day maximum wind velocity computing unit, wherein

The instantaneous wind speed computing unit, be used to calculate the mean wind speed in 3 seconds, the sampling interval of setting video image was 5 frame/seconds, be the sampling time of 15 frame video images 3 seconds, the pointer experience of the output shaft of accumulative total reducing gear is handled the angle of being rotated in 15 frame video image times, N/n with in this angle value substitution formula (2) tries to achieve instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t);

The maximum instantaneous power computing unit is used to add up the maximum instantaneous power value that occurs in the period setting; One-minute average wind speed computing unit is used for according to instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t) try to achieve mean wind speed V (t) in one minute by formula (5):

$V\left(t\right)=\underset{t=1}{\overset{20}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_3(t-19)---\left(5\right)$

In the formula: V ₃(t) mean wind speed in 3 seconds of expression, one minute mean wind speed of V (t) expression;

Two minutes mean wind speed computing units are used for two minutes mean wind speeds asking by formula (6) according to one minute mean wind speed V (t):

$V_2\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{2}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-1)}{2}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula: V ₂(t) two minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Ten minutes mean wind speed computing units are used for ten minutes mean wind speeds asking by formula (7) according to one minute mean wind speed V (t):

$V_{10}\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{10}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-9)}{10}---\left(7\right)$

In the formula: V ₁₀(t) ten minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Day maximum wind velocity computing unit is used for the wind speed that the wind speed record intercepts 10 minutes line segments respectively according to 20 o'clock 20 o'clock～next day of every day and compares, and selects maximal value as 10 minutes this days maximum wind velocity, calculates a day maximum wind velocity V by computing formula (8) _10-max(t):

V _10-max(t)＝max(V ₁₀(20:10)，V ₁₀(20:20)，......，V ₁₀(20:00)) (8)。

In described wind direction detection module, comprise instantaneous wind direction computing unit, two minutes mean wind direction computing units and ten minutes mean wind direction computing units, wherein, instantaneous wind direction computing unit is used for observing the corner that obtains weathercock at each two field picture

The sampling interval of video image was 5 frame/seconds, and be the sampling time of 15 frame video images 3 seconds, tried to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds with formula (9):

In the formula:

Represent a two field picture apoplexy target corner,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

Two minutes mean wind direction computing units are used for basis

Try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of two minutes weathercocks by formula (10),

In the formula:

The centre position of the hunting range of two minutes weathercocks of expression,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

Ten minutes mean wind direction computing units are used for basis

Try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of ten minutes weathercocks by formula (11),

In the formula:

The centre position of the hunting range of ten minutes weathercocks of expression,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in two minutes.

Described reducing gear comprises pinion wheel and gear wheel, and described input shaft connects with pinion wheel, described pinion wheel and gear wheel engagement, and described gear wheel connects with output shaft.The top of described two pointers, wind azimuth piece 6 scribbles fluorescent material.Installation guide pin 11 on the described coupling shaft 7.

Described wind speed detecting unit, be used for the wind speed on the detection level two dimensional surface, the input shaft 3, two that measuring wind adopts vane 1, deceleration unit 2, connect vane and deceleration unit is made up of the pointer of obvious color characteristic and fixed connecting rod 5 etc., on the input shaft 3 that two pointers are separately fixed at deceleration unit and the output shaft 4;

Described wind direction detecting unit is used for the wind direction on the detection level two dimensional surface, measures wind direction and partly adopts compositions such as weathercock 8, wind azimuth piece 6, coupling shaft 7, and wind azimuth piece 6 tops scribble obvious color, so that machine energy quick identification; A deep hole is arranged on coupling shaft 7, the diameter in hole is identical with the external diameter of fixed connecting rod 5, fixed connecting rod 5 and coupling shaft 7 are on same central axis, in a deep hole on the fixed connecting rod 5 insertion coupling shafts 7, the detecting unit of wind speed and the detecting unit of wind direction are integrated, the wind azimuth piece that has guaranteed two pointers that obvious color characteristic arranged and obvious color characteristic arranged basically in one plane, as shown in Figure 3;

Described video image acquisition and processing unit, be used to obtain the video information of expression wind speed and direction on wind speed detecting unit, the wind direction detecting unit, image unit 10 is fixed on the deceleration unit 2 by connecting link 9, the optics camera part of image unit 10 down, deceleration unit 2 and wind azimuth piece 6 are all in the visual range of image unit 10, by the taken video image of image unit 10 as shown in Figure 5, axle 3 the centers of deceleration unit at video image.

Described wind speed detecting unit, be used to detect the rotating speed on the axle 3 of vane and deceleration unit,, consider the processing times such as Computer Processing, image recognition owing to adopt video observation, the inspection process time of generally getting every two field picture is at 10～15ms, promptly about 5 frame/seconds; If come the representation unit angle that vane rotates in the time with N, the relation between the angle of wind speed and vane rotation can be represented by formula (1) so;

V＝a+bN+cN ² (1)

In the formula: V represents wind speed, and (m/s) is unit with meter per second, gets 1 decimal; The angle of vane rotation in the N representation unit time; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant.

The measurement range of having stipulated wind speed in " surface weather observation standard " is 0～60m/s, scope for wide like this measuring wind speed, promptly to guarantee measuring accuracy in different wind speed range, make again and in different wind speed range, be convenient to video observation, among the present invention by the input shaft in the video observation deceleration unit 2 respectively and the rotating speed of output shaft, when gentle breeze,, therefore observe the input shaft rotational speed in the deceleration unit 2 because the rotating speed of the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2 is very slow; When high wind, because the input shaft rotational speed in the deceleration unit 2 is very fast, almost do not observe input shaft rotational speed in the deceleration unit 2 by video, therefore observe the rotating speed of the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2; Among the present invention the reduction gear ratio in the deceleration unit 2 is designed to n, the relation between the angle of the rotation of the output shaft in wind speed and the deceleration unit 2 can be represented by formula (2) so;

V＝a+bN/n+c(N/n) ² (2)

In the formula: V represents wind speed, and (m/s) is unit with meter per second, gets 1 decimal; The angle of the output shaft rotation in the N/n representation unit time in the deceleration unit 2; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant.

During design reduction gear ratio n, consider that maximum measuring wind is 60m/s and Computer Processing image time was 5 frame/seconds, in maximum measuring wind is that the angle that the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2 rotates under the 60m/s state is no more than 360 °/frame, promptly 1800 °/second (＜5 circle/second); Under this constraint condition, calculate the correct angle of telling the rotation of the output shaft in the deceleration unit 2 in the video image of function.

Described deceleration unit 2 is used for the rotating speed on the axle 3 of connection vane and deceleration unit is passed through deceleration unit 2 reductions of speed, behind above-mentioned designed good reduction gear ratio n, adopts two gears to slow down.

The described pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged also can photograph the rotation of pointer in order to make image unit 10 under the insufficient light situations such as night, scribbles fluorescent material on the pointer.

The described pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged, one is placed on the input rotation axis, and one is placed on the output rotation axis; Also can be directly with fluorescent material be plotted on the driving gear with the shape of pointer and driven gear on, described driving gear is to be connected with the axle 3 that is connected vane and deceleration unit, and described driven gear is connected with a joggle, is installed in the gear wheel on the take-off (propeller) shaft with driving gear.

Described wind direction detecting unit, constitute by empennage, sensing bar, balance bob, main shaft etc., to point to bar, being made of one of balance bob among the present invention, keep being similar to the streamlined of airframe, form weathercock 8, weathercock 8 and wind azimuth piece 6 are connected to form the weathercock of a similar aircraft shape, have a through hole at the center of gravity place of weathercock 8, coupling shaft 7 inserts in the through hole of weathercock 8, is connected with its realization rolling pair, weathercock can rotate freely around coupling shaft 7 like this, as shown in Figure 2; Wind direction part detecting unit will satisfy following three requirements: 1) rotating shaft friction force is little, and starting wind velocity is little; 2) whole machine balancing is good; 3) has good dynamic perfromance; Fixed connecting rod 5 concentrics of the detecting unit of coupling shaft 7 and wind speed, have a deep hole on the coupling shaft 7, the diameter of deep hole is identical with the diameter of the fixed connecting rod 5 of the detecting unit of wind speed, during with wind direction part detecting unit and the assembling of wind speed part detecting unit, at first two unit are assembled separately, fixed connecting rod 5 with the detecting unit of wind speed is inserted in the coupling shaft 7 of wind direction part detecting unit then, and in one plane with the center line of the axial line of input shaft in the deceleration unit 2 of wind speed part detecting unit and output shaft and guide bar 11, then carry out fastening, as shown in Figure 3.

During on-the-spot the installation, correct in order to guarantee the wind speed wind direction sensor installation direction, make the S direction of sensor point to accurately Due South to, by changing the wind speed wind direction sensor installation direction, make guide bar 11 indications direction and compass definite Due South to consistent.The main body of wind speed wind direction sensor must be perpendicular to surface level when wind speed wind direction sensor was installed.

The described wind azimuth piece that obvious color characteristic is arranged also can photograph the rotation of wind azimuth piece in order to make image unit 10 under the insufficient light situations such as night, and the top of wind azimuth piece scribbles red fluorescence material;

Described video image acquisition and processing unit are made up of image unit, embedded system; Energy when the power supply of described video image acquisition and processing unit also can adopt the vane rotation drives generator charging circuit is constantly charged, and is linked by normal charge circuit and accumulator, produces stabilized voltage supply by voltage stabilizer again.

It is to pass through the angle position that the video image that obtains is handled up till now that the rotational angle of described wind azimuth piece and the pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged detects, for the simplified image computing, colour planning with wind azimuth piece and the pointer that obvious color characteristic is arranged in this patent becomes red, in order under the not enough situation of illumination brightness such as night, also to obtain video image preferably, we are with the wind azimuth piece and have the pointer of obvious color characteristic to spray with red fluorescence powder, and so Shang Mian detection just can be reduced to the corner of red fluorescence part on some planes and detect problem; The video image that reads from camera head is a rgb color space, rgb color space is responsive to brightness ratio, particularly the wind speed and direction survey sensor that uses in the open air should and not cause mistake to measure by the brightness variation, here pass through the color space conversion module with of the conversion of image rgb color space, for obtaining the wind azimuth piece and having the pointer travel of obvious color characteristic to do homework to yuv space;

The YUV color model is a kind of color model commonly used, its essential characteristic is that luminance signal is separated with color signal, Y represents brightness, and U, V are two chrominance components, the expression aberration, generally be blue, red relative value is because human eye is to the variation comparison change in color sensitivity of brightness, therefore, the shared bandwidth of the value of Y component provides more than or equal to linear dependence between shared bandwidth YUV of chrominance component and the RGB model such as formula (3) in the YUV model

Y＝0.301*R+0.586*G+0.113*B (3)

U＝-0.301*R-0.586*G+0.887*B

V＝0.699*R-0.586*G-0.113*B

Because we only are concerned about the wind azimuth piece and the corner of the pointer of obvious color characteristic are arranged, as long as calculate the value of red component, obtain corresponding binary image then when therefore above-mentioned formula calculates in the wind speed and direction survey sensor.

Described binary image, red component becomes white colour after image binaryzation is handled, and remainder all becomes black color; In system initialisation phase, program is prefabricated wind azimuth piece and the fulcrum of pointer on binary image of obvious color characteristic arranged, will unroll this central point of wind azimuth piece rotates when wind direction changes, same when vane is subjected to wind-force after, this central point rotation of also can unrolling of the pointer of obvious color characteristic is arranged; Among the present invention the optic centre of image unit is arranged on the fixed connecting rod 5 of detecting unit of wind speed and the coupling shaft 7 of wind direction part detecting unit, the transverse axis of visual plane is the north-south, the longitudinal axis is an East and West direction, as shown in Figure 5, the taken video image of Fig. 4 is shown in the figure of the upper part of Fig. 5, when 30 ° of norths by west take place when wind direction to be changed to from positive north such as and vane have the pointer generation corner of obvious color characteristic to change after being subjected to wind-force, shown in the figure of the lower part of Fig. 5, we draw straight line from the center of the wind azimuth piece of binaryzation and the fulcrum of wind azimuth piece, present wind direction just can be identified in angle of inclination according to this straight line and north-south, we draw straight line from the center of the pointer of binaryzation and the fulcrum of this pointer as a same reason, according to the present Due South of this straight line to angle and the previous frame image in this straight line and Due South to the difference of angle obtain a two field picture angle that pointer rotated in the time interval, such as us the direction that vane is subjected to rotating behind the wind-force is decided to be clockwise direction, so among the figure of the lower part of Fig. 5 among the figure of pointer and the upper part of Fig. 5 pointer compare and rotated 45 °, can carry out the metering of wind direction and wind velocity according to above-mentioned image recognition with calculating.

Described wind speed metering, according to " surface weather observation standard " requirement, calculating maximum wind velocity (maximumwind speed) is the 10 minutes mean wind speed values of maximum to occur in certain period; Calculating extreme wind speed (extreme wind speed) is the maximum instantaneous power value to occur in certain period.In automatic weather station, instantaneous wind speed is meant the mean wind speed in 3 seconds; Calculate day maximum wind velocity and be from the wind speed that intercepts 10 minutes line segments at 20～20 o'clock () the wind speed record respectively every day and compare, select maximal value as 10 minutes this days maximum wind velocity, and the corresponding wind direction of picking, indicate the termination time of this period, the same day, maximum wind velocity occurred twice or above when identical, can appoint and choose wherein 1 time wind direction and termination time.Two minutes, ten minutes mean wind direction wind speed of requirement system output; The output strong wind is reported to the police, boat danger newspaper strong wind is reported to the police and sounded all clear wind direction, wind speed and time of occurrence thereof send alerting signal; Output 20 o'clock every days day extreme wind speed, maximum wind velocity and corresponding wind direction, time of occurrence, day total, per day, and can show various instantaneous values and mean value at any time, store 24 hours wind direction and wind velocity records;

The Linearity of supposing air velocity transducer is relatively good, we can calculate in the following manner, as the every circle fetch of vane is 2.5, carry out speed change through 10: 1 reduction gear, per 10 circles are equivalent to 25 meters, 360 ° of the every rotations of fetch (pointer), be equivalent to 25 meters/60 seconds=0.4M/S in a minute, 25 meters/360 °=0.0694M/ degree when being equivalent to 1 ° of the every rotation of fetch, we can add up the angle that fetch (pointer) was rotated in one minute, be multiplied by the 0.0694M/ degree then, obtain the mean wind speed in a minute; If the Computer Processing image time was decided to be for 5 frame/seconds, needs were handled 300 frame video images in one minute, therefore we can add up the angle of being rotated in fetch (pointer) the experience 300 frame video image times of processing, are multiplied by the 0.0694M/ degree then, obtain the mean wind speed in a minute;

In order to require the maximum instantaneous power value, instantaneous wind speed is meant the mean wind speed in 3 seconds, if the sampling interval of video image was 5 frame/seconds, 3 times in second were equivalent to the sampling time of 15 frame video images so, accumulative total fetch (pointer) experience is handled the angle of being rotated in 15 frame video image times, with the N/n in this angle value substitution formula (2), try to achieve instantaneous wind speed V then ₃And the record moment at that time and instantaneous wind speed V that should be constantly (t), ₃(t); Calculating extreme wind speed (extreme wind speed) is the maximum instantaneous power value to occur in certain period, such as the maximum instantaneous power value V that wants to obtain in the time period 21 o'clock to 22 o'clock night _{Extreme-wind-speed}(t), therefore can calculate by formula (4),

V _{extreme-wind-speed}(t)＝max(V ₃(21:00:03)，V ₃(21:00:06)，......，V ₃(22:00:00)) (4)

According to instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t) can try to achieve mean wind speed V (t) in one minute by formula (5),

$V\left(t\right)=\underset{t=1}{\overset{20}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_3(t-19)---\left(5\right)$

In the formula: V ₃(t) mean wind speed in 3 seconds of expression, one minute mean wind speed of V (t) expression.

The metering of described two minutes mean wind speeds, two minutes mean wind speeds can asking by formula (6),

$V_2\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{2}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-1)}{2}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula: V ₂(t) two minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

The metering of described ten minutes mean wind speeds, ten minutes mean wind speeds can asking by formula (7),

$V_{10}\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{10}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-9)}{10}---\left(7\right)$

In the formula: V ₁₀(t) ten minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Described day maximum wind velocity, according to " surface weather observation standard " requirement, calculate day maximum wind velocity and be from the wind speed that intercepts 10 minutes line segments at 20～20 o'clock () the wind speed record respectively every day and compare, select maximal value as 10 minutes this days maximum wind velocity, and the corresponding wind direction of picking, indicate termination time of this period, the same day, maximum wind velocity occurred twice or above when identical, can appoint and choose wherein 1 time wind direction and termination time, therefore have computing formula (8) to calculate a day maximum wind velocity V _10-max(t),

V _10-max(t)＝max(V ₁₀(20:10)，V ₁₀(20:20)，......，V ₁₀(20:00)) (8)

Above-mentioned data are all deposited to calculate a day every day () at 20～20 o'clock, such as being this August 8, spent 20 o'clock tonight after, calculating day is August 9.

The metering of described wind direction, according to " surface weather observation standard " requirement, observation weathervane 3 seconds, 2 minutes, 10 minutes, the centre position of writing down its hunting range, similar with the observation wind speed, we can obtain the corner of weathercock in each two field picture

If the sampling interval of video image was 5 frame/seconds, 3 times in second were equivalent to the sampling time of 15 frame video images so, and we can try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds with formula (9),

In the formula: Represent a two field picture apoplexy target corner,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

As a same reason, from

We can try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of 2 minutes weathercocks very easily by formula (10),

In the formula:

The centre position of the hunting range of 2 minutes weathercocks of expression,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

As a same reason, from We can try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of 10 minutes weathercocks very easily by formula (11),

Above-mentioned wind speed and direction variable is all stored in the time mode, owing to need the wind speed and direction variable of 3 seconds, 2 minutes, 10 minutes different time, three tables have been adopted among the present invention, the data storage project is shown in the table 1, the interval difference of the wind speed and direction gauging table amount of the falling into a trap start time in 3 seconds, 2 minutes, 10 minutes, for 3 second the wind speed and direction gauging table in every day, will produce 28800 records automatically; In every day, will produce 720 records for 2 minutes wind speed and direction gauging tables automatically; In every day, will produce 144 records for 10 minutes wind speed and direction gauging tables automatically;

Calculate day	Measure the zero hour	Wind speed	Wind direction

For different output requirements, can remove to look into the corresponding table of this information, at output on 20 o'clock same day day extreme wind speed, maximum wind velocity and corresponding wind direction, time of occurrence, day add up to, per day, can realize showing at any time various instantaneous values and mean value, simultaneously three above-mentioned tables are backed up preservation, empty the record in the table.

Described embedded system, as shown in Figure 8, its main core is embedded microprocessor S3C2410X, is a 16/32 RISC embedded microprocessor based on the ARM920T kernel, and this processor designs for handheld device and high performance-price ratio, low-power consumption microcontroller.It has adopted the new bus architecture of a kind of AMBA of being called (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture).The main resource of S3C2410X inside has memory management unit MMU, system administration manager, respectively is the instruction and data buffer memory of 16KB, lcd controller (STN﹠amp; TFT), NAND FLASH Boot Loader, 3 passage UART, 4 passage DMA, 4 PWM clocks, 1 internal clocking, 8 path 10s are ADC, touch screen interface, multimedia card interface, I2C and I2S bus interface, 2 usb host interfaces, 1 USB device interface, SD main interface, 2SPI interface, pll clock generator and general purpose I/O port etc.

Described embedded microprocessor S3C2410X inside comprises a memory management unit that is MMU, can realize the mapping of virtual memory space to amount of physical memory.Usually the program of embedded system leaves among the ROM/FLASH, program can access preservation behind the system cut-off, but ROM/FLASH compares with SDRAM, it is slow many that speed is wanted, and usually the aborted vector table is left among the RAM in the embedded system, utilize memory-mapped mechanism can solve this needs.

Described ROM/FLASH adopts the K9S1208VOM of the 64MB of Samsung.It can carry out 100,000 times program/erase, and data are preserved and reached 10 years, are used to loading operation system image and large-capacity data.

Described SDRAM is the K4S561632C that adopts Samsung, is used for needed data in operation system and the stored programme operational process, and it is the synchronous dram of 4M*16bit*4bank, and capacity is 32MB.Realize the position expansion with two K4S561632C, making data-bus width is 32bit.

Described embedded software system mainly comprises writing of the installation of transplanting, driver of operating system, ICP/IP protocol and user application etc.

Adopted Linux as embedded OS among the present invention, Linux develops from UNIX, inherited the most advantage of UNIX, the disclosed kernel source code of Linux makes it become present most popular operating system, and Linux can be from its hardware-software of application cutting, this is concerning towards very necessary based on this special requirement of the wind speed wind direction sensor of machine vision, here we are referred to as the customization operations system, and customization step is as follows: (1) writes plate base support package BSP; (2) each parts of cutting and configuration operation system, and revise corresponding configuration file; (3) compiling Kernel, assembly and BSP, generating run system image file; (4) image file is downloaded on the Target Board, debug.

Further, various information based on the wind speed wind direction sensor of machine vision are to transmit in the mode of packing data, transmission through WLAN (wireless local area network) by ICP/IP protocol, therefore under the operating system support, realize ICP/IP protocol, just need carry out task division, the realization of TCP/IP can be divided into 4 tasks realizes: 1. IP task, the reorganization that is mainly used to solve IP fragmentation; 2. the TCP incoming task is mainly used to handle the TCP message segment that receives; 3. TCP output task is mainly used to packing data, the transmission that will export; 4. TCP task of timer, being mainly used to provides clock for various time delay incidents (as the repeating transmission incident).

Further, need two USB interface in the wind speed wind direction sensor based on machine vision, one of them USB interface is that camera is connected with S3C2410X, another USB interface is that wireless network card is connected with S3C2410X, because S3C2410X self-carried USB principal and subordinate interface, do not need special USB chip support, as long as can carry out USB transmission data to its install driver.

Described USB driver comprises following several sections: (1) establishment equipment, create two parameter calls of equipment function band, and a parameter is to point to the pointer of driver object, another parameter is to point to the pointer of physical device object; (2) closing device; (3) fetch equipment data, when client applications has requiring of fetch equipment data, system requires this to pass to function driver with the IRP form of IRP_MJ_READ, D12Meter_Read program by equipment is carried out, and then specifies the direct and equipment realization information interaction of usb bus driver by D12Meter_Read; (4) equipment is write data, when client applications has requiring of write device data, system requires this to pass to function driver with the IRP form of IRP_MJ_WRITE, and carry out by D12Meter_Write, and then by D12Meter_Write specify the usb bus driver directly with equipment realization information interaction.The USB driver is by PID in the installation file (.inf file) (product differentiate number) and VID (manufacturer differentiate number) discriminating USB device.

After the embedded OS loading is finished, driver and other corresponding application of wireless network card just can be installed.The driver of wireless network card is bundled in the operating system as a module, can avoids the WLAN Device Driver of at every turn all will resetting after system's power down.

Embodiment 2

All the other are identical with embodiment 1, different is that reduction gear adopts epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type, as shown in Figure 6, small one and large one two circles are arranged among the figure, and two circles are concentric, and the annular section between two circles has other three roundlets, one of maximum is internal gear 14 in all circles, other four roundlets all are gears, and middle that is sun gear 13, and other three roundlets are planetary gear 12.The axle 3 that connects vane and deceleration unit drives the sun gear 13 of reductors, and sun gear 13 drives the planetary gear 13 that is supported on the internal gear again, and planetary gear 13 is by the engaged transmission of itself and outer tooth ring, and the output shaft that driving links to each other with outer tooth ring reaches the purpose of deceleration.Planetary gear 13 is designed to closed, an end of sealing upwards, and on this end face a spraying red fluorescence pointer shape, be used for the corner of Video Detection planetary gear 13.This kind of drive has: 1) ratio of gear can reach 87, and av eff is more than 92%; 2) the compact conformation volume is little; 3) the running stationary noise is low; 4) use advantages such as Q-percentile life is long.

Embodiment 3

All the other are identical with embodiment 1,2, the energy generating that is produced when adopting the vane spinning movement, and electricity can provide the energy to the Machine Vision Detection unit, realizes the measurement of no power consumption, high-quality wind speed and direction.

Embodiment 4

All the other are identical with embodiment 1,2, adopt solar cell to produce electric energy and are linked by normal charge circuit and accumulator, produce stabilized voltage supply by voltage stabilizer again, realize the measurement of no power consumption, high-quality wind speed and direction.

The invention effect that the above embodiments 1～4 are produced is the digital video wind speed and direction observation that has realized that high precision is highly reliable, satisfied the requirement of the high precision scope of hydrometeorological department urgent need, with light, machine,, communication, technology such as Flame Image Process integrate, realized Intelligent Calculation, various measuring error have been eliminated, the resolving power and the measuring accuracy of wind speed wind direction sensor have been improved, various power consumptions have been reduced, realized the automatic data acquisition processing of wind speed and direction, various means of communication and various control function are provided, can be under the environmental baseline of very severe reliably working, this wind speed wind direction sensor is supported diverse network communication simultaneously, can carry out networking easily, provide a kind of new means the wind speed and direction distribution situation of holding the zone simultaneously.Realized with no paper, the digitizing of metering process of robotization, recording process of measuring process and the networking that detects sensing, also can make the tester pass through the video image of the wind speed and direction of long-range direct labor observation site simultaneously.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision, it is characterized in that: described wind speed and direction measuring device comprises vane, reducing gear, fixed connecting rod, weathercock, the wind azimuth piece, image unit and detection wind speed and direction microprocessor, described vane is fixedlyed connected with the input shaft upper end of reducing gear, the lower end of the input shaft of described reducing gear is socketed in the upper end of fixed connecting rod, described weathercock is sleeved on the coupling shaft, described coupling shaft is fixedlyed connected with the fixed connecting rod lower end, the wind azimuth piece is installed in the end of described weathercock, the height of the upper end of described wind azimuth piece and described reducing gear are positioned at same plane, on the input shaft of reducing gear and output shaft, pointer is installed respectively, two pointers, the top of wind azimuth piece is provided with the marker color of setting, the image unit that is used to gather reducing gear place plane picture is installed on described reducing gear, and described detection wind speed and direction comprises with microprocessor:

The view data read module is used to read image unit and passes the video image information of coming;

The color space conversion module is used for video image is transformed into yuv space from rgb color space;

The corner computing module, be used to calculate the corner of two pointers and wind azimuth piece, video image is converted into binary image, default wind azimuth piece and the fulcrum of two pointers on binary image, the transverse axis of visual plane is the north-south, the longitudinal axis is an East and West direction, the wind azimuth piece fulcrum that will unroll rotates when wind direction changes, after vane is subjected to wind-force, there is the pointer of obvious color characteristic this central point that also can unroll to rotate, the center of wind azimuth piece and the pitch angle of the straight line between the fulcrum are the corner of wind azimuth piece, and the center of pointer and the pitch angle of the straight line between the fulcrum are the corner of pointer;

The wind speed detection module, be used for the wind speed on the detection level two dimensional surface, set the inspection process time of every two field picture, the angle of pointer on input shaft in the observation reducing gear and the output shaft, when gentle breeze, N comes the angle of vane rotation in the representation unit time, i.e. the angle of pointer rotation on the input shaft, and the relation between the angle that wind speed and vane rotate is represented by formula (1);

V＝a+bN+cN ² (1)

In the following formula: V represents wind speed, is unit with the meter per second, the angle of vane rotation in the N representation unit time, and a, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant;

When high wind, the reduction gear ratio of reducing gear is n, and the relation between the angle of the output shaft rotation of wind speed and reducing gear is represented by formula (2):

V＝a+bN/n+c(N/n) ² (2)

In the following formula: V represents wind speed, is unit with the meter per second, the angle of the output shaft of reducing gear rotation in the N/n representation unit time; A, b, c represent wind-tunnel demarcation constant;

The wind direction detection module is used for the wind direction on the detection level two dimensional surface, sets the inspection process time of every two field picture, the angle of observation weathervane, and the centre position of writing down its hunting range, each two field picture obtains the corner of weathercock

2, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described wind speed detection module, comprise instantaneous wind speed computing unit, maximum instantaneous power computing unit, one-minute average wind speed computing unit, two minutes mean wind speed computing units, ten minutes mean wind speed computing units and day maximum wind velocity computing unit, wherein

The instantaneous wind speed computing unit, be used to calculate the mean wind speed in 3 seconds, the sampling interval of setting video image was 5 frame/seconds, be the sampling time of 15 frame video images 3 seconds, the pointer experience of the output shaft of accumulative total reducing gear is handled the angle of being rotated in 15 frame video image times, N/n with in this angle value substitution formula (2) tries to achieve instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t);

The maximum instantaneous power computing unit is used to add up the maximum instantaneous power value that occurs in the period setting;

One-minute average wind speed computing unit is used for according to instantaneous wind speed V ₃(t) try to achieve mean wind speed V (t) in one minute by formula (5):

$V\left(t\right)=\underset{t=1}{\overset{20}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_3(t-19)---\left(5\right)$

In the formula: V ₃(t) mean wind speed in 3 seconds of expression, one minute mean wind speed of V (t) expression;

Two minutes mean wind speed computing units are used for two minutes mean wind speeds asking by formula (6) according to one minute mean wind speed V (t):

$V_2\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{2}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-1)}{2}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula: V ₂(t) two minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Ten minutes mean wind speed computing units are used for ten minutes mean wind speeds asking by formula (7) according to one minute mean wind speed V (t):

$V_{10}\left(t\right)=\frac{\underset{t=1}{\overset{10}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}V(t-9)}{10}---\left(7\right)$

In the formula: V ₁₀(t) ten minutes mean wind speeds of expression; Mean wind speed in V (t) the expression current time try to achieve a minute;

Day maximum wind velocity computing unit is used for the wind speed that the wind speed record intercepts 10 minutes line segments respectively according to 20 o'clock 20 o'clock～next day of every day and compares, and selects maximal value as 10 minutes this days maximum wind velocity, calculates a day maximum wind velocity V by computing formula (8) _10-max(t):

V _10-max(t)＝max(V ₁₀(20:10)，V ₁₀(20:20)，......，V ₁₀(20:00)) (8)。

3, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: in described wind direction detection module, comprise instantaneous wind direction computing unit, two minutes mean wind direction computing units and ten minutes mean wind direction computing units, wherein

Instantaneous wind direction computing unit is used for observing the corner that obtains weathercock at each two field picture

The sampling interval of video image was 5 frame/seconds, and be the sampling time of 15 frame video images 3 seconds, tried to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds with formula (9):

In the formula:

Represent a two field picture apoplexy target corner,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

Two minutes mean wind direction computing units are used for basis

Try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of two minutes weathercocks by formula (10),

In the formula:

The centre position of the hunting range of two minutes weathercocks of expression,

The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in 3 seconds;

Ten minutes mean wind direction computing units are used for basis Try to achieve the centre position of the hunting range of ten minutes weathercocks by formula (11),

In the formula: The centre position of the hunting range of ten minutes weathercocks of expression, The centre position of representing the hunting range of the weathercock in two minutes.

4, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described reducing gear comprises pinion wheel and gear wheel, described input shaft connects with pinion wheel, described pinion wheel and gear wheel engagement, and described gear wheel connects with output shaft.

5, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described reducing gear is an epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type mechanism, described epicyclic type mechanism comprises internal gear, gear and sun gear, sun gear connects with input shaft, and described internal gear connects with output shaft.

6, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the top of described two pointers, wind azimuth piece scribbles fluorescent material.

7, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: installation guide pin on the described coupling shaft.

8, the intelligent wind speed and wind direction measurement mechanism based on computer vision as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism also comprises charging circuit, the input shaft of described reducing gear connects generator, described generator connects charging circuit, and described charging circuit connects microprocessor.

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