CN100566862C - Heavy metal stabilization two-step method for treatment of fly ash from urban domestic refuse burning plant - Google Patents
Heavy metal stabilization two-step method for treatment of fly ash from urban domestic refuse burning plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN100566862C CN100566862C CNB2006100256121A CN200610025612A CN100566862C CN 100566862 C CN100566862 C CN 100566862C CN B2006100256121 A CNB2006100256121 A CN B2006100256121A CN 200610025612 A CN200610025612 A CN 200610025612A CN 100566862 C CN100566862 C CN 100566862C
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Abstract
Heavy metal stabilization two-step method for treatment of fly ash from urban domestic refuse burning plant relates to the chemical agent stabilization technology of heavy metal in a kind of burning city domestic garbage factory flue gas purification system flying dust.Select earlier the sulfuric acid treatment method, or the natural aging method, or one of 3 kinds of forced aging methods adjust to 9 to 11 with flying dust pH scope.Then pretreated flying dust and stabilisation medicament are pressed mass ratio 50 to 80: 1, evenly mix and left standstill 8 hours, finish the heavy metal chemical stabilization of flying dust is handled.The present invention is on the basis of the direct phosphate heavy metal stabilization of flying dust treatment process, preposition pH adjusts preliminary treatment, make that the leachability of heavy metal dvielement reduces in the flying dust, CaO is converted into reactive lower compound, thereby both guaranteed the heavy metal stabilization effect, reduce the consumption of stabilisation medicament again, can save the cost of incinerating flyash, heavy metal stabilization processes.Processing procedure does not produce free water, does not have sewage handling problem; Concise flow, operation is reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the chemical agent stabilization technology of heavy metal in a kind of burning city domestic garbage factory flue gas purification system flying dust, belong to solid waste and handle the disposal technology field.
Background technology
The rubbish of municipal solid waste incinerator most quality in burning process all is discharged in the atmosphere with gas form, part is stayed on the fire grate with non-flammable slag form, also have on a small quantity with the flying dust form attached to the waste heat boiler outer wall or enter flue gas purification system and captured, be called flue gas purification system flying dust (abbreviation flying dust) by deduster.Belong to hazardous waste by China country hazardous waste register flying dust; must carry out stabilization processes; after making its heavy metal leaching concentration be lower than hazardous waste toxicity leaching judging standard (' the hazardous waste judging standard---the leaching toxicity is differentiated ' .GB5085.3-1996 of State Environmental Protection Administration) limit value, remake landfill and dispose.
Therefore, it is the key of flying dust harmlessness disposing technology that heavy metal stabilization is handled, and has developed multiple stabilizing fly ash processing method at present, and main kind has: solidification method, chemical agent stabilization method, water/acid wash and heat treating process.Wherein the chemical agent stabilization method is the active component (phosphoric acid salt that utilizes in the medicament, ferriferous oxide, sulfide and high-molecular chelating agent etc.) with flying dust in material generation chemical reactions (dissolving, precipitation, chelating etc.) such as heavy metal, generate extremely low, the high stability material of chemical property of solubility, thereby reach the purpose of fly-ash heavy metal stabilization processes.The chemical agent stabilization method does not generally change the physical state of flying dust, investment and operating cost are lower, the product dilatation is little, technology is simpler relatively, the heavy metal stablizing effect good (' novel heavy metal fixative disposal of refuse flying ash ' Luo Chunhui. New Chemical Materials, 31 (12): 38-39,2003).
At the chemical agent that is used for stablizing flying dust, phosphoric acid salt medicament wide material sources, course of reaction is simple to operate, therefore, has good application characteristic.But flying dust contains calcium about 30% and other macroelements, these materials the same with heavy metal can with phosphate radical (PO
4 3-) form the phosphate or the chelate (as apatite) of low soluble, when the direct phosphate stabilizing of flying dust is handled, PO
4 3-Effective complexing rate to heavy metal reduces, and only reaches in the rate of adding usually and handles 5% when above of flying dust amount, just can obtain treatment effect preferably.In order to improve the validity of phosphoric acid salt medicament, after having proposed flying dust washing preliminary treatment, carry out technology (' Monitoring the stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash byphosphation:mineralogical and balance approach ' the Piantonea P et al. WasteManagement 23:225-243 of phosphate stabilizing again, 2003), but the secondary pollution that washing brings obviously can make complex technical processization.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can stablize heavy metal in the flying dust, especially wherein leach the technology of the Pb of concentration maximum, and reduce the consumption of stabilisation medicament, handle the financial cost of fly ash from burning city domestic garbage with control by process combination.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has at first found out heavy metal leaching concentration and the relation of leaching the pH condition in the flying dust through testing many times, and the heavy metal of flying dust leaches concentration under the promptly different pH: the overall minimum pH scope of heavy metal leaching concentration is 9～11; And leach the maximum heavy metal of toxicity contribution is Pb (the maximum ratio of concentration and standard limited value that leaches is greater than 30), and it leaches concentration and reaches minimum equally in this pH scope.Prompting thus, the pH that adjusts flying dust reduces its heavy metal to leach potentiality, saves the effective ways of stabilisation dosing.
On the other hand, the calcium of magnanimity and the active ingredient PO of phosphate stabilizing from suppress flying dust
4 3-Consider unreacted CaO and PO in the flying dust in conjunction with the aspect
4 3-In conjunction with the largest potentiality, be used for the acidic materials that pH adjusts by suitable selection, also can make CaO be converted into reactive lower calcium salt, thereby reach the purpose of saving the stabilisation dosing.Adopt medicament of phosphate to stablize the adjustment of carrying out flying dust pH before the fly-ash heavy metal in a word, can leach potentiality and suppress unreacted CaO and PO the flying dust from reducing heavy metal
4 3-In conjunction with 2 aspects of potentiality, help the saving of stabilisation medicament.Adjust material cost or source and consider CO from pH simultaneously with the stable aspect that CaO reaction back forms product
2Be ideal pH conditioning agent, its feasible source is the flue gas of air or burning, and method is for making flying dust fully contact with it in these gaseous environments.Wherein, with CO in the air
2Processing procedure during for conditioning agent is called natural aging by custom; And the CO of incineration flue gas
2Concentration can be quickened processing procedure far above air, therefore, and with the CO in the incineration flue gas
2During for conditioning agent, can be described as to strengthen and wear out.Simultaneously,, can adopt inorganic acid to handle, consider that from the lower requirement of solubility of the salt that forms with calcium sulfuric acid is only inorganic acid to realize that fast flying dust pH adjusts for the higher application scenario of preliminary treatment rate requirement.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
One of the first step: flying dust pH scope is adjusted preliminary treatment: select the sulfuric acid treatment method, or the natural aging method, or 3 kinds of methods of forced aging method, flying dust pH scope is adjusted to 9～11.
Sulfuric acid treatment method, preparation H earlier
+The sulfuric acid solution of molar concentration 6M to 7M then with flying dust and sulfuric acid solution, mixes by mass ratio at 3.5: 1.
The natural aging method was earlier pressed mass ratio 5: 1, and flying dust and water are mixed, again mixture is paved in the circulation of air environment (thickness 0.2 is to 0.3m), ageing time 2d, during turning in per 8 hours once.
The forced aging method was pressed mass ratio 5: 1 earlier, and flying dust and water are mixed, again mixture is paved in aging chamber (thickness 0.1 is to 0.2m), establish by-pass from chimney, incineration flue gas is introduced circulation (ventilation rate 6 to 8 times/hour) in the aging chamber, ageing time 8h.
Second step: flying dust phosphate stabilizing: (active ingredient is PO with pretreated flying dust and stabilisation medicament
4 3-, solubility PO in the medicament
4 3-Mass percent greater than 65%), press mass ratio 50 to 80: 1, evenly mix and left standstill 8 hours, can finish the heavy metal chemical stabilization of flying dust is handled.
Outstanding effect of the present invention is:
1. because preposition pH adjusts preliminary treatment, the leachability that makes phosphate add heavy metal dvielement in the preceding flying dust reduces, CaO is converted into reactive lower compound, the two all can reduce the phosphate consumption under the heavy metal stabilization effect condition that reaches certain, the present invention compared with the prior art, the phosphate consumption that flying dust per ton is handled can reduce more than the 30kg, thereby the financial cost of handling for control provides condition.
2. because preliminary treatment and stabilization processes process moisture addition are few, material (flying dust) can not cohere caking, helps even stirring; And do not produce free water, do not have sewage handling problem.The entire process process flow is simple and clear, and operation is reliable.
3. provide 3 kinds of alternative pH to adjust preprocess method, guaranteed that application characteristic under various conditions replenishes mutually.Wherein the operation of sulfuric acid treatment method is the simplest, and it is minimum to handle space requirement; The processing space requirement maximum of natural aging method, but running cost is minimum; Strengthen aging process and can make full use of CO
2The incineration flue gas of enrichment is handled space and running cost all between the former two.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall craft flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 adjusts the process chart of pH for stabilizing fly ash of the present invention adopts the sulfuric acid treatment method;
Fig. 3 adjusts the process chart of pH for stabilizing fly ash of the present invention adopts the natural aging method;
Fig. 4 strengthens the process chart that aging process is adjusted pH for stabilizing fly ash of the present invention adopts.
Fig. 5 is that the heavy metal of flying dust under the different pH leaches concentration
See also Fig. 5.0 to 10M HNO is adopted in experiment
3The aqueous solution is leaching liquid.Leaching liquid-solid ratio 10: 1, leaching time 8h, the liquid phase pH when ending with leaching characterize leaching pH condition, the results are shown in Fig. 5.As seen from Figure 5, the overall minimum pH scope of heavy metal leaching concentration is 9～11; And leach the maximum heavy metal of toxicity contribution is Pb (the maximum ratio of concentration and standard limited value that leaches is greater than 30), and it leaches concentration and reaches minimum equally in this pH scope.Prompting thus, the pH that adjusts flying dust reduces its heavy metal to leach potentiality, saves the effective ways of stabilisation dosing.
The specific embodiment
See also accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2.
Add phosphate behind the employing sulfuric acid treatment method adjustment pH flying dust is carried out the heavy metal stabilization processing.
Step 1: in the acid solution mixing channel sulfuric acid is added in the entry, the ratio of sulfuric acid and water is by mixed acid solution H
+Molar concentration 6M to 7M controls, and promptly obtains sulfuric acid solution after slowly mixing;
Step 2: flying dust is added in the stir process groove, open and stir, slowly add above-mentioned sulfuric acid solution simultaneously in groove, the acid solution that accumulative total adds and the mass ratio of flying dust are controlled to be 1: 3.5; After sulfuric acid solution and flying dust stir, in groove, slowly add stabilisation medicament phosphate again, stir simultaneously; The stabilisation medicament with before should be levigate, and cross 60 mesh sieves, medicament active ingredient is PO
4 3-, solubility PO in the medicament
4 3-Mass percent greater than 65%, the butt mass ratio of stabilisation medicament accumulative total addition and flying dust is controlled to be 1: 50 to 80; The stabilisation medicament adds according to the above ratio and finishes, and stirs with flying dust, promptly obtains handling flying dust.
Step 3: handle flying dust and discharge, place circulation of air space maintenance 8h again, promptly obtain the stabilisation flying dust from the stir process groove.
Carry out national dangerous toxicity leaching standard testing to handle the stabilisation flying dust that obtains by above-mentioned steps, the results are shown in Table 1, prove that the heavy metal leaching concentration of stabilisation flying dust has been lower than standard limited value.
Table 1 embodiment 1 stabilizing fly ash experimental result (mg/L)
Embodiment 2
See also accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 3.
Add phosphate behind the employing natural aging method adjustment pH flying dust is carried out the heavy metal stabilization processing.
Step 1: add flying dust in pretreatment tank, open and stir, slowly add entry simultaneously in groove, the water that accumulative total adds and the mass ratio of flying dust are controlled to be 1: 5; After water and flying dust stir, promptly obtain the humidifying flying dust;
Step 2: the humidifying flying dust is discharged from pretreatment tank, evenly paves (thickness 0.2 is to 0.3m) in the circulation of air space, aging 2d, during per 8 hours, turning once promptly obtains the natural aging flying dust;
Step 3: the natural aging flying dust is added in the stir process groove, open and stir, in groove, slowly add the stabilisation medicament simultaneously, stir simultaneously; The stabilisation medicament with before should be levigate, and cross 60 mesh sieves, medicament active ingredient is PO
4 3+, solubility PO in the medicament
4 3-Mass percent greater than 65%, the butt mass ratio of stabilisation medicament accumulative total addition and flying dust is controlled to be 1: 50 to 80; The stabilisation medicament adds according to the above ratio and finishes, and stirs with flying dust, promptly obtains handling flying dust;
Step 4: identical with embodiment 1 step 3.
Carry out national dangerous toxicity leaching standard testing to handle the stabilisation flying dust that obtains by above-mentioned steps, the results are shown in Table 2, prove that the heavy metal leaching concentration of stabilisation flying dust has been lower than standard limited value.
Table 2 embodiment 2 stabilizing fly ash experimental results (mg/L)
Embodiment 3
See also accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 4.
Add phosphate behind the employing forced aging method adjustment pH flying dust is carried out the heavy metal stabilization processing.
Step 1: identical with embodiment 2 step 1;
Step 2: the humidifying flying dust is discharged from pretreatment tank, and evenly pave (thickness 0.1 is to 0.2m) is indoor in forced aging, aging 8 hours, promptly obtains the forced aging flying dust; The forced aging chamber is an airtight space, establishes air inlet, introduces flue gas by air-introduced machine from the incineration plant chimney, behind the forced aging chamber of evenly flowing through, returns the incineration plant chimney again and discharges; The flue gas volume of forced aging chamber of per hour flowing through is 6 to 8 times of aging chamber volume, and promptly the flue gas ventilation rate in the aging chamber is 6 to 8 times/hour.
Step 3: substitute outside the natural aging flying dust divided by the forced aging flying dust, all the other are all identical with embodiment 2 step 3;
Step 4: identical with embodiment 1 step 3.
Carry out national dangerous toxicity leaching standard testing to handle the stabilisation flying dust that obtains by above-mentioned steps, the results are shown in Table 3, prove that the heavy metal leaching concentration of stabilisation flying dust has been lower than standard limited value.
Table 3 stabilizing fly ash experimental result (mg/L)
Claims (1)
1, heavy metal stabilization two-step method for treatment of fly ash from urban domestic refuse burning plant is characterized in that:
One of the first step: flying dust pH scope is adjusted preliminary treatment: select the sulfuric acid treatment method, or the natural aging method, or 3 kinds of forced aging methods, flying dust pH scope is adjusted to 9 to 11;
Described sulfuric acid treatment method is to prepare H earlier
+The sulfuric acid solution of molar concentration 6M to 7M then with flying dust and sulfuric acid solution, mixes by mass ratio at 3.5: 1;
Described natural aging method is, presses mass ratio 5: 1 earlier, and flying dust and water are mixed, and mixture paved in the circulation of air environment again, and thickness 0.2 is to 0.3m, ageing time 2d, during per 8 hours, turning is once;
Described forced aging method is that mass ratio was pressed 5: 1 by elder generation, and flying dust and water are mixed, mixture is paved in aging chamber, thickness 0.1 is established by-pass to 0.2m from chimney again, incineration flue gas introduced in the aging chamber circulate ventilation rate 6 to 8 times/hour, ageing time 8h;
Second step: phosphate stabilizing is handled: pretreated flying dust and stabilisation medicament are pressed mass ratio 50 to 80: 1, evenly mix and left standstill 8 hours, finish the heavy metal chemical stabilization processing to flying dust; Described stabilisation medicament is a phosphate, and its active ingredient is PO
4 3-, solubility PO in the medicament
4 3-Mass percent greater than 65%.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101468244B (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2012-06-27 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Stabilization method and kneader system for flyash cement |
| CN101428290B (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-02 | 沈恩善 | Method for treating garbage burning flying ash |
| CN101508885B (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-01-11 | 重庆大学 | Refuse incineration flying ash metallurgy sintering treatment fixing agent |
| CN106077031A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method of disposal that microwave-hydrothermal method is applied to domestic garbage incineration flyash |
| CN106284429B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-08-24 | 同济大学 | A kind of domestic refuse incineration ash landfill yard and its good antiscale property processing method |
| WO2018148869A1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-23 | 深圳市能源环保有限公司 | Leaching solution for waste incineration fly ash chelate and preparation and application methods therefor |
| CN106924926A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-07 | 张洪 | A kind of fly-ash heavy metal curing agent and its curing |
| TWI629082B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-07-11 | 蘇鈺荃 | Method for stabilizing mswi fly ash |
| CN114951228B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-03-28 | 南京理工大学 | Method for realizing co-treatment of fly ash and copper smelting waste acid |
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| JP2000325916A (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for stabilizing heavy metal-containing ash |
| CN1600462A (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2005-03-30 | 上海大学 | Treatment method for stabilizing flying ash in burning garbage |
| CN1695832A (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2005-11-16 | 清华大学 | Method for stabilizing flying ash from burn by using soluble medicament of phosphate |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000325916A (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for stabilizing heavy metal-containing ash |
| CN1600462A (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2005-03-30 | 上海大学 | Treatment method for stabilizing flying ash in burning garbage |
| CN1695832A (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2005-11-16 | 清华大学 | Method for stabilizing flying ash from burn by using soluble medicament of phosphate |
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