CN100566417C - Method for compressing image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for compressing image, comprise the steps: step 1, the image block that is partitioned into from raw image data is carried out gray scale detection, if be gray level image piece then execution in step 2; Otherwise execution in step 3; Step 2 is carried out lossless compress to this gray level image piece, execution in step 6; Step 3 is calculated the number of different pixel values in this image block, if the number of different pixel values surpasses first threshold in this image block, then execution in step 4, if the number of different pixel values surpasses first threshold then execution in step 5 in this image block; Step 4 is carried out lossless compress to this image block, execution in step 6; Step 5 is carried out lossy compression method to this image block, execution in step 6; Step 6 finishes.Therefore, method for compressing image of the present invention can adopt different compression methods adaptively based on the difference of picture material, utilizes less resource to realize high-quality image compression.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for compressing image, especially a kind of according to picture material, the embedded image compression method that carries out the compression of twice compression ratio.
Background technology
In recent years, along with development of times, people's living standard improves day by day, thereby has promoted the progress of electronics integrated technology, and the size and the resolution of various display devices constantly increase.The increase of resolution also just means the increase of the number of pixels of every frame picture, and the data volume that need handle when video and image processing will be increased sharply like this, and the video that brings thus and the cost of image processing also improve thereupon.
In general, the increase of the resolution of supporting along with picture processing chip, the cost of chip also can improve.This is because the data volume that the increase of image resolution ratio makes every two field picture to handle sharply increases, carry out under the situation of storage and frequent memory data read-write especially at needs, high data volume has increased the weight of the burden of memory span and bandwidth more, and need a large amount of memories, make that the manufacturing cost of chip is high.
In order to save cost, data compression is a good solution.During data processing, under the prerequisite that does not influence image processing effect and final image quality, original data stream is carried out the compression of certain compression ratio, make data volume and the required bandwidth of reading and writing data of writing into memory reduce.
For conserve memory capacity and data bandwidth, the simplest and typical compression method is to utilize redundancy and the human eye of image on chrominance space that colourity is not carried out the colourity down-sampling to the characteristic of brightness sensitivity, can realize the compression ratio of 1.5 times or 2 times.
For example the method for compressing image of existing typical embedded is the down-sampling that carries out the UV value on the YUV chrominance space.Such as for P1, P2, P3 and four pixels of P4, establish their rgb value (R1, G1, B1), (R2, G2, B2), (R3, G3, B3) and (R4, G4, B4) through RGB after the conversion of the color space of YUV, be converted to (Y1, U1, V1), (Y2, U2, V2), (Y3, U3 is V3) with (Y4, U4, V4), only keep the Y value of each pixel and the UV value of first pixel during compression, just only keep Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and U1, V2, the UV value of P2, P3 and P4 directly substitutes with U1 and V1 during decompression.Do like this and also can realize 2 times compression ratio, but UV value of this whole usefulness replaces the method for the UV value of other three pixels, the poor quality that decompress(ion) comes out when the UV of P1, P2, P3 and P4 colourity differs greatly, often cause color and the original image of P2, P3 and P4 that significant difference is arranged, make human eye not accept, this situation is often very common on non-natural figure.Another kind of existing embedded image compression method is directly to carry out the bit intercepting on the rgb value of each pixel, to reach desired compression ratio.When requiring to reach 2 times compression ratio, just on 24 original bit rgb values of each pixel, directly abandon low 4 bits of each component, only keep high 4 bits of each component, such 3 components have kept 12 bits altogether, have also realized 2 times compression ratio.Can there be positive and negative 16 error at most in this compression method on the RGB of each pixel component, can both perceive with original image for most image human eye has difference, can not use for present high-end display device especially at all.
Therefore existing method for compressing image all can't be realized adopting different compression methods according to different contents, and raw image data is carried out embedded compression, and the image compression effect is bad.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is defective, a kind of method for compressing image is provided, can adopt different compression methods to carry out embedded compression, and the image compression effect is fine at the different content in the image at the conventional images compression method.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of method for compressing image, comprise the steps:
Image block in the described step is the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.In the described step 1 image block that is partitioned into from raw image data being carried out gray scale detection is specially: whether the value that detects the value of RGB of each pixel this image block or YUV is identical.Described step 5 is specially: step 51 is divided into the image block of 8 * 2 pixels the subimage block of four 2 * 2 pixels; Step 52 is calculated the difference of the UV component of four pixels in the subimage block of 2 * 2 pixels, if the difference of all UV components all less than second threshold value, then execution in step 53; If the difference that has the UV component is greater than second threshold value, then execution in step 54; Step 53 is carried out 4 times of down-sampling compressions of UV component of yuv space, execution in step 55 to the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel; Step 54, the bit that the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel is carried out rgb space blocks compression, execution in step 55; Step 55, whether the subimage block of judging four 2 * 2 pixels that the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is cut apart all compresses and finishes, if compression finishes then execution in step 6, otherwise execution in step 52.4 times of down-sampling compressions of UV component of yuv space are specially in the described step 53: with the U value of a pixel in the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel and the U value and the V value of alternative other three pixels of V value.Described step 54 is specially: block from the bit of default rgb space and select the minimum bit of distortion rate to block compression method the compression method subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel is compressed.Also comprise step before the described step 51: the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is transformed into yuv space from rgb space.
Therefore, method for compressing image of the present invention can adopt different compression methods to carry out embedded compression adaptively based on the difference of picture material, utilize less resource to realize high-quality image compression.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the image block of 8 * 2 pixels in the method for compressing image of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of method for compressing image of the present invention.
Code stream schematic diagram when Fig. 3 carries out lossless compress for method for compressing image of the present invention to grey blocks.
Code stream schematic diagram when Fig. 4 carries out lossless compress for method for compressing image of the present invention to the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
Code stream schematic diagram when Fig. 5 carries out lossy compression method for method for compressing image of the present invention to the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
Fig. 6 carries out the method flow diagram of lossy compression method to the image block of 8 * 2 pixels for method for compressing image of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when YUV color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to first 2 * 2 pixel in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
Fig. 8 is subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when YUV color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to other three 2 * 2 pixels in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
Fig. 9 carries out the schematic diagram of bit truncated mode compression for 6 kind of 2 * 2 pixel sub image block in the method for compressing image of the present invention.
Figure 10 is subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when rgb color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to first 2 * 2 pixel in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
Figure 11 is subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when rgb color space compress of invention method for compressing image to 2 * 2 pixel of its excess-three in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of embedded compression method based on picture material of fixedly compression ratio, can adopt different compression methods to carry out embedded compression adaptively based on the difference of picture material, utilizes less resource to realize high-quality image compression.
Method for compressing image of the present invention comprises the steps:
The image block that the following examples are based on 8 * 2 pixels compresses, each pixel 24 bit RGB input reaches 2 multiplication of voltage shrinkages through method for compressing image of the present invention, compression output 12 bit RGB, as shown in Figure 1, be the schematic diagram of the image block of 8 * 2 pixels in the method for compressing image of the present invention.
Again as shown in Figure 2, be the flow chart of method for compressing image of the present invention, detailed step is as follows:
As shown in Figure 2, for method for compressing image of the present invention based on the schematic diagram of image block of 8 * 2 pixels, whether the image block that detects 8 * 2 pixels in this step is grey blocks, as long as it is whether identical by the rgb value that detects 16 pixels in this image block, because this image block is the RGB input, if all identical then be that gray scale is fast, if a difference arranged then would not be grey blocks; If image block is YUV input in addition, then judge value identical get final product whether of the YUV of 16 pixels, if in like manner the value of the YUV of all pixels is whole identical then be that gray scale is fast, if a difference is arranged then be not grey blocks;
As shown in Figure 3, code stream schematic diagram when grey blocks being carried out lossless compress for method for compressing image of the present invention, if the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is a grey blocks, earlier represent that with two bits " 01 " this image block is a grey blocks during coding, wherein " 0 " represents that this image block is a lossless compress, " 1 " represents that this image block is a grey blocks, when lossy compression method, can only represent like this with a bit " 1 ", saved the bit number of lossy compression method, the gray value that behind the dibit flag bit, then keeps each pixel, because 8 * 2 piece should be 8 * 2 * 12=192 bit after through the compression of 2 multiplication of voltage shrinkages, and have only 2+8 * 2 * 8=130 bit after the grey blocks compression this moment, and therefore remaining bit can be filled up with " 0 ";
If the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is not a grey blocks, judge then whether this image block satisfies the image block of lossless compress, in the present embodiment, image block for each pixel 24 bits input, through calculating, want to realize the lossless compress of 2 multiplication of voltage shrinkages, 6 different pixel values can only appear at most in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, so first threshold is exactly 6, the method that detects is exactly once to check the rgb value of 16 pixels in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, when different rgb values surpasses first threshold 6, just think that this image block is not the graph block that can carry out lossless compress;
Code stream schematic diagram when being illustrated in figure 4 as method for compressing image of the present invention the image block of 8 * 2 pixels that can carry out lossless compress being carried out lossless compress, when the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is in the time of can carrying out the image block of lossless compress, earlier represent that with two bits " 00 " image block of this 8 * 2 pixel is the image block of lossless compress during lossless compress, wherein first " 0 " represents that this image block is a lossless compress, second " 0 " represents that this image block is the normal image piece, behind the dibit flag bit, deposit the rgb value of 6 different pixel values, then deposit the index of each pixel with respect to these 6 pixel values, if the number of the different pixel values that occurs in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is less than 6, also to provide the bit space of 6 rgb values in the front of depositing index, just can find correct index value when decoding like this;
The method of lossy compression method is a lot, and the present invention utilizes that picture material is adaptive to be compressed at rgb space and yuv space; As shown in Figure 5, code stream schematic diagram when the image block of 8 * 2 pixels being carried out lossy compression method for method for compressing image of the present invention, if 8 * 2 block of pixels is neither grey blocks, neither carry out the graph block of lossless coding, so just carry out lossy compression method based on 2 * 2 sub-pixel pieces, with 1 bit " 1 " as a token of the position, each sub-piece of 2 * 2 still is that rgb space compresses according to the different adaptive yuv space that is chosen in of pixel value; If the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is neither grey blocks, neither carry out the image block of lossless coding, so just carry out lossy compression method based on the subimage block of 2 * 2 pixels, with 1 bit " 1 " as a token of the position, the expression lossy compression method, and each sub-piece of 2 * 2 still is that rgb space compresses according to the different adaptive yuv space that is chosen in of pixel value, if flag bit is " 0 " then represent that the subimage block of 2 * 2 pixels compresses at rgb space, if flag bit is for " 1 " then represent that the subimage block of 2 * 2 pixels compresses at yuv space;
Again as shown in Figure 6, for method for compressing image of the present invention carries out the method flow diagram of lossy compression method to the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, detailed step is as follows:
If pixel is the RGB input then needs to be transformed into yuv space from rgb space; Sub-pixel piece for 2 * 2 pixels, calculate the difference of the UV component of 4 pixels, if all differences all less than second threshold value of setting, just adopt the method for 4 times of down-samplings of UV component of yuv space to compress, otherwise adopt the bit method for cutting of rgb space; 4 times of Downsapling methods of UV component are exactly the UV value that only keeps a pixel in 4 pixels of a sub-block of pixels, the UV value of other three pixels will be substituted with the UV value of this pixel in the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel, the UV value of all the other 3 pixels all copies this UV value during decompression, as shown in Figure 7, be subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when YUV color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to first 2 * 2 pixel in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, because the subimage block of first 2 * 2 pixel in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels has used " 1 " of bit flag bit as lossy coding, therefore if first sub-pixel piece need carry out YUV compression and all the other 3 sub-pieces and need carry out YUV and be compressed with that a little is different, because first subimage block also needs to use the flag bit " 1 " of a bit to be illustrated in the compression of YUV color space, therefore U value and the V value in this subimage block represented with 7 bits, and other four Y values are still represented with 8 bits; As shown in Figure 8, be subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when YUV color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to other three 2 * 2 pixels in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, when all the other 3 sub-pieces need carry out the YUV compression, because do not need to take the flag bit of the lossy coding of a bit, and the flag bit " 1 " that only need take a bit is illustrated in the compression of YUV color space, therefore the V value in this subimage block is represented with 7 bits, and U value and other four Y values are still represented with 8 bits;
If the UV component difference of 4 pixels of subimage block of 2 * 2 pixels surpasses second threshold value of setting, just adopt the bit method for cutting of rgb space to compress, in order to obtain optimum compression effectiveness, this method has designed 6 kinds of bit truncated modes, as shown in Figure 9, carry out the schematic diagram of bit truncated mode compression for 6 kind of 2 * 2 pixel sub image block in the method for compressing image of the present invention, owing to will realize 2 multiplication of voltage shrinkages, every kind of RGB high 4 or high 5 bits that pattern only keeps 3 pixels, these 3 pixels are designated as: Code1andRef, Code2 and Code3, the 4th pixel do not keep any bit, the rgb value of copy Code1andRef during decompression;
Calculate the distortion of every kind of pattern, rgb value after just decompressing and the difference of original RGB, the pattern of selecting minimum distortion is as 2 * 2 final sub-piece RGB compression methods, in compressed bit stream, to deposit the sequence number of selected pattern, like this could correct decompressed, the same with the subimage block YUV compression of 2 * 2 pixels, referring to Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11, be subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when rgb color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to first 2 * 2 pixel in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, with subimage block the code stream schematic diagram when rgb color space compress of method for compressing image of the present invention to 2 * 2 pixel of its excess-three in the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, what adopt when the subimage block of first 2 * 2 pixel of the subimage block of 8 * 2 pixels is that the RGB bit is when blocking compression, what have that the flag bit " 1 " of a bit represents that this piece of 8 * 2 adopts is lossy compression method, other three sub-block of pixels then do not need, therefore 3 sub-pieces of bit method for cutting and all the other have a little different, and the B value of first block is lacked a bit than the B value of other sub-pieces;
Method for compressing image of the present invention is simple, and each compression only needs the line buffer of two row based on the image block of 8 * 2 pixels when hardware is realized, need not to consume more memory resource, and can be owing to compression causes too much data delay.Because based on the difference of picture material, can carry out the compression method of different mode to the image block of 8 * 2 pixels, in the hope of can both obtain optimum compression effectiveness for the image block of each 8 * 2 pixel.The image block of each 8 * 2 pixel realizes that all fixing compression ratio is 2 compression, helps the control of data traffic and bandwidth like this, is easy to hardware and realizes.And compression effectiveness is good, particularly can accomplish lossless compress for all gray level images and most figure, also can carry out the selection of optimal compression pattern for natural picture according to graphical content, substantive test is the result show, this method for compressing image can be used for various terminal presentation facilities.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method for compressing image: comprising following steps:
Step 1 is carried out gray scale detection to the image block that is partitioned into from raw image data, if be gray level image piece then execution in step 2; Otherwise execution in step 3;
Step 2 is carried out lossless compress to this gray level image piece, execution in step 6;
Step 3 is calculated the number of different pixel values in this image block, if the number of different pixel values surpasses first threshold in this image block, then execution in step 4, if the number of different pixel values surpasses first threshold then execution in step 5 in this image block;
Step 4 is carried out lossless compress to this image block, execution in step 6;
Step 5 is carried out lossy compression method to this image block, execution in step 6;
Step 6 finishes.
2, method for compressing image according to claim 1, the image block in the wherein said step are the image block of 8 * 2 pixels.
3, method for compressing image according to claim 1, in the wherein said step 1 image block that is partitioned into from raw image data is carried out gray scale detection and be specially: whether the value that detects the value of RGB of each pixel this image block or YUV is identical.
4, method for compressing image according to claim 2, wherein said step 5 is specially:
Step 51 is divided into the image block of 8 * 2 pixels the subimage block of four 2 * 2 pixels;
Step 52 is calculated the difference of the UV component of four pixels in the subimage block of 2 * 2 pixels, if the difference of all UV components all less than second threshold value, then execution in step 53; If the difference that has the UV component is greater than second threshold value, then execution in step 54;
Step 53 is carried out 4 times of down-sampling compressions of UV component of yuv space, execution in step 55 to the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel;
Step 54, the bit that the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel is carried out rgb space blocks compression, execution in step 55;
Step 55, whether the subimage block of judging four 2 * 2 pixels that the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is cut apart all compresses and finishes, if compression finishes then execution in step 6, otherwise execution in step 52.
5, method for compressing image according to claim 4,4 times of down-sampling compressions of UV component of yuv space are specially in the wherein said step 53: with the U value of a pixel in the subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel and the U value and the V value of alternative other three pixels of V value.
6, method for compressing image according to claim 4, wherein said step 54 is specially: block from the bit of default rgb space and select the minimum bit of distortion rate to block compression method the compression method subimage block of this 2 * 2 pixel is compressed.
7,, also comprise step before the wherein said step 51: the image block of 8 * 2 pixels is transformed into yuv space from rgb space according to claim 4,5 or 6 described method for compressing image.
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| CN102682415B (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2015-02-18 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Image processing method and device |
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