CN100565197C - A kind of measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN100565197C CN100565197C CNB2007100350378A CN200710035037A CN100565197C CN 100565197 C CN100565197 C CN 100565197C CN B2007100350378 A CNB2007100350378 A CN B2007100350378A CN 200710035037 A CN200710035037 A CN 200710035037A CN 100565197 C CN100565197 C CN 100565197C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter, the steps include: that (1) get the air drying sample and place in the crucible, the crucible of having adorned sample places on the oxygen bomb crucible holder, loads onto ignition wire; In oxygen bomb, add distilled water, in oxygen bomb, charge into an amount of oxygen; (2) in the interior bucket of calorimeter, add suitable quantity of water, oxygen bomb is put into bucket, build bung; (3) start in bucket stir make in barrel temperature reach balance T0, and the temperature of the outer bucket of control calorimeter, when guaranteeing work, the whole temperature rise curve of interior bucket is all between the temperature section of environment temperature and outer barrel temperature controlling point; (4) interior barrel temperature is constantly read in energising igniting, when the actual temperature rise of interior bucket is zero, tests main phase end; (5) according to main phase temperature rise and cooling correction calculation result, and calculation of parameter such as sample weight goes out the thermal value of sample.The present invention is a kind of measuring method that can improve the cooling calibration accuracy, adopt unique working temperature curve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is mainly concerned with the surveying instrument that is used for measuring coal, oil or other pyrogen thermal value in coal, petrochemical complex or the power industry, the measuring method of refering in particular to a kind of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter.
Background technology
Thermal value is to measure in an airtight container (common name oxygen bomb), under the condition that has superfluous oxygen to exist, lights an amount of sample and it is fully burnt, and calculates thermal value by the rising of water temperature.In order to obtain reliable measurement result, reduce the interior bucket and the heat interchange (heat radiation or heat absorption) of surrounding environment of containing oxygen bomb because of temperature difference generation, in the prior art, generally be, eliminate the interior barrel of heat interchange with surrounding environment by the temperature of controlling outer bucket at outer sheathed one the outer bucket of interior bucket.But in experimentation, often there is difference in the water temperature of inside and outside bucket, thereby causes the heat interchange between inside and outside bucket.In addition, the heat that stirring produced for the quick balance of bucket water temperature in making also makes interior barrel temperature change.The temperature rise that the net result of these heat changes all records influence all is to make temperature rise on the low side in most cases, and this influence to temperature rise is commonly referred to cooling effect.In order to guarantee heating-value determination result's accuracy, when result of calculation, must cool off correction, that is to say that the whether accurate accuracy to measurement result of cooling corrected value has very big influence.
Shown in the classical calorimeter working temperature of Fig. 1 curve synoptic diagram, classical calorimeter China and foreign countries barrel temperature is constant substantially, and interior bucket water temperature changes.Before igniting, interior barrel temperature is usually than outer barrel temperature low (0.8-1.0) ℃, and interior bucket water is in the heat absorption state, after the igniting in the oxygen bomb sample fully burn, oxygen bomb is bucket water very exothermic inwardly, interior bucket water temperature rises.When temperature rise rises to sometime (promptly illustrating the A point), interior barrel temperature equals outer barrel temperature, afterwards in barrel temperature be higher than outer barrel temperature, interior barrel of water is in the heat release state.In the ideal case, adopt this working method, because interior bucket water is the alternation of experience suction/heat release successively process in one-shot measurement, inside and outside bucket hydrothermal exchange has counteracting and write-downs to a certain degree, and C is the dash area area because of the cooling corrected value, be S2-S1, therefore the C value is less, and measurement accuracy is also than higher, but there is error in the transfer point (A point) of bucket suction/heat release in actual applications, cause its deviation of cooling off corrected value, finally can influence the accuracy of measurement.Shown in inside and outside Fig. 2 calorimeter barrel of plan structure synoptic diagram, in the bucket 3, by samples in the oxygen bomb 4 are lighted a fire, sample fully burnt, and the aqueous medium heat release in the inside bucket in oxygen bomb 4 placed.When bucket point for measuring temperature 6 is identical with outer bucket point for measuring temperature 7 temperature at a time detecting, think that promptly this is suction heat release transfer point (being A point shown in Figure 1) constantly.But in fact this is incorrect, because be in this moment in the process of oxygen bomb 4 inside bucket 3 very exothermic, thermograde maximums in the interior bucket 3, it is by successively decreasing around the mind-set in the interior bucket 3, and inner barrel wall 5 temperature are lower than the temperature of interior bucket point for measuring temperature 6, and the temperature difference is bigger, therefore the temperature of inner barrel wall 5 is lower than the temperature of outer bucket 1, do not reach real temperature transition point, constantly and in the later a bit of time, interior bucket 3 in fact still is in the heat absorption state and is not to be transformed into the heat release state at once at this.In other words, Shi Ji transfer point should be than the late appearance of survey transfer point.Referring to Fig. 3 working temperature curve ratio than shown in the synoptic diagram, the A point is an actual switching point, and A ' is existed the regular hour poor between the two by surveying transfer point, be that the A point has shifted to an earlier date the regular hour than A ' point, also brought the deviation of cooling corrected value C therefrom: (S2 '-S1 ')＞(S2-S1).Therefore, this equal outer barrel temperature with interior barrel temperature that constantly as the transfer point of suction heat release state, and with this calculate the cooling corrected value working method be defective, the cooling corrected value that calculates according to this is devious, and the accuracy of measurement result is brought very big influence.
According to the needs of modern production, calorimeter not only requires measurement result accurate, also requires the test duration short.Test duration mainly is made up of the time at initial stage of barrel temperature balance in prefiring, main time phase after the igniting and times in latter stage three part of lowering the temperature.Wherein main time phase and time in latter stage and the interior bucket water yield, stirring working method and cooling model have very big relation, but interior barrel temperature equilibration time is relevant with the setting of interior bucket initial temperature.Shown in the classical calorimeter working temperature of Fig. 1 curve synoptic diagram, T0 (interior bucket initial temperature) barrel temperature in addition be basic, than outer barrel temperature low (0.8-1) ℃.And before every single experiment, as the carrier oxygen bomb of sample igniting and in bucket be to be exposed to airbornely, be subjected to the influence of environment temperature, its temperature differs bigger near environment temperature with T0, particularly when temperature was lower, its difference can be bigger.Therefore in the experiment initial stage barrel temperature reach balance time can be longer relatively, also just increased the test duration of whole sample, do not meet the requirement of online production chemical examination to speed.
The principle of work of classical calorimeter is as follows: referring to illustrated in figures 1 and 2, T0 is provided with than about outer barrel temperature low (0.8-1.0) ℃, and constant substantially in the temperature of experimentation China and foreign countries bucket 1.Put into bucket 3 with weighing up the substitute the bad for the good oxygen bomb 4 of oxygen of sample, interior bucket 3 aqueous mediums are fully stirred.Because of oxygen bomb 4 and interior bucket 3 temperature and T0 differ bigger, bucket 3 temperature balances in 10min could realize in the time, the prefiring initial temperature of bucket in reaching, so far the time at initial stage finishes to enter main time phase.Bucket is in the heat absorption state always in time period in the early stage.In main time period phase, fully burn by the igniting of electrode control sample by control gear.At this moment, oxygen bomb 4 outside very exothermic, bucket 3 interior aqueous mediums heat up rapidly in making, and when transfer point A was passed through in temperature rise, interior bucket 3 water temperatures equaled outer bucket 1 water temperature, and interior afterwards barrel 3 temperature are higher than outer bucket 1 temperature, and interior bucket 3 also changes the heat release state into by the heat absorption state.In this process, interior bucket 3 water constantly are stirred each point water temperature convergence unanimity.Arrived experiment igniting and ended, interior bucket 3 is higher than the temperature (1-2) ℃ of outer bucket 1.That is to say in main time phase of whole 7min interior bucket 3 experience suction/heat release successively alternation process.Identical with heat of stirring or when descending, the main phase finishes when main phase temperature variation.Because the main phase is adopted the two-way operation temperature curve, it is relatively complicated to test the model of lowering the temperature latter stage, need could finish through the 5min actual measurement.So far a test period finishes, and adds the advance and retreat water time, about total test duration 28min.Computing machine adopts auspicious side's formula to calculate the cooling corrected value, and draws final testing result according to parameters such as sample weights according to the interior bucket 3 working temperature curves that collect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention just is: at the technical matters that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of measuring method that can improve the cooling calibration accuracy, adopt the heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter of unique working temperature curve.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the solution that the present invention proposes is: a kind of measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter is characterized in that step is:
(1), get the air drying sample and place in the crucible, the crucible of having adorned sample places on the oxygen bomb crucible holder, loads onto ignition wire; In oxygen bomb, add distilled water, in oxygen bomb, charge into an amount of oxygen;
(2), in the interior bucket of calorimeter, add suitable quantity of water, oxygen bomb is put into barrel, built bung;
(3), start in bucket stir make in barrel temperature reach the interior bucket initial temperature T0 of balance, and the temperature of the outer bucket of control calorimeter, when guaranteeing work, the whole temperature rise curve of interior bucket all is positioned between the temperature section of environment temperature and outer barrel of temperature controlling point (promptly outer barrel temperature);
(4), energising igniting, constantly read interior barrel temperature, when the actual temperature rise of interior bucket was zero, testing the main phase finished;
(5), according to main phase temperature rise and cooling correction calculation result, and calculation of parameter such as sample weight goes out the thermal value of sample.
In described step (3), when adjusting temperature, interior bucket initial temperature T0 is than environment temperature height, and interior bucket igniting terminal temperature Tn is lower than outer bucket temperature controlling point (outer barrel temperature).
Interior bucket initial temperature T0 is higher about 2 ℃ than environment temperature, and interior bucket igniting terminal temperature Tn is lower about 1 ℃ than outer barrel temperature, and outer barrel temperature is than about the high 6-8 of environment temperature ℃.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention just is:
1, the measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter of the present invention, its principle realizes simple, rationally be provided with the temperature curve between outer bucket, interior bucket and environment, one-way and stability that the cooling of calorimetric system is proofreaied and correct have been guaranteed, interior bucket does not have the heat release of suction state exchange, has solved the error in judgement of transfer point in this course, has realized endpoint accurately, guaranteed the accuracy of cooling corrected value, provide reliable foundation and assurance for guaranteeing measurement result accuracy;
2, the measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter of the present invention, by bucket initial temperature point and one-way working temperature curve in rationally being provided with, can shorten the time at initial stage of test greatly, improve the speed of instrument test, satisfy market preferably testing rapid demand.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic one of classical calorimeter measuring method in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of classical calorimeter;
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic two of classical calorimeter measuring method in the prior art;
Fig. 4 is the curve synoptic diagram of working temperature in the measuring method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details.
Referring to shown in Figure 4, the measuring method of a kind of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter of the present invention, a kind of measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter is characterized in that step is:
(1), get the air drying sample and place in the crucible, the crucible of having adorned sample places on the oxygen bomb crucible holder, loads onto ignition wire; In oxygen bomb, add distilled water, in oxygen bomb, charge into an amount of oxygen;
(2), in the interior bucket of calorimeter, add suitable quantity of water (as 1L), oxygen bomb is put into barrel, built bung;
(3), after bucket stirs about 5min in starting, interior barrel temperature reaches balance T0, the temperature of the outer bucket of control calorimeter, when guaranteeing work, the whole temperature rise curve of interior bucket all is positioned between the temperature section of environment temperature and outer barrel of temperature controlling point (promptly outer barrel temperature);
(4), energising igniting, barrel temperature every 2s reads once in when the actual temperature rise of interior bucket is zero, is tested main phase end;
(5), according to main phase temperature rise and cooling correction calculation result, and calculation of parameter such as sample weight goes out the thermal value of sample.
In described step (3), when adjusting temperature, interior bucket initial temperature T0 is higher 2 ℃ than environment temperature, and interior bucket igniting terminal temperature Tn is than low 1 ℃ of an outer bucket temperature controlling point (outer barrel temperature), and outer bucket temperature controlling point (outer barrel temperature) setting should be than environment temperature height (6-8) ℃.
In said method, bucket temperature rise curve and classical calorimeter are similar in it, but whole temperature rise curve is included between the temperature section of environment temperature and outer bucket temperature controlling point (promptly outer barrel temperature), and T0 (interior bucket initial temperature) hangs down about 1 ℃ than environment temperature high 2 ℃ and Tn (interior bucket igniting terminal temperature) than a barrel temperature controlling point (outer barrel temperature) outward.For satisfying the temperature difference of T0 and Tn and environment temperature and outer barrel temperature, can not surpass the characteristics of (4-5) ℃ according to the temperature rise of interior bucket, outer bucket temperature controlling point (outer barrel temperature) setting should be than environment temperature height (6-8) ℃.In other words, outer barrel temperature will carry out temperature control according to the height of environment temperature, makes outer barrel temperature be higher than environment temperature (6-8) ℃ all the time, to satisfy the requirement that Tn is lower than outer barrel temperature all the time.Even that is to say the experiment igniting ends, interior bucket also is the heat absorption state that is in outer bucket always, and this is different from the working curve of traditional calorimeter, i.e. interior bucket heat absorption before the igniting, bucket heats up in causing after the igniting, and interior bucket is in the heat release state in case interior barrel temperature surpasses outer barrel temperature.There is not the transfer point of inhaling the heat release state in this working method, can form stable interior bucket heat absorption state, the C value is proofreaied and correct in the cooling accurately that this stable unidirectional trend will make instrument obtain the trend unanimity, be shaded area integration S, help setting up stable, representative mathematical model, for the accuracy of measurement result provides favourable assurance.
By the some time points after a large amount of experiment discovery single experiment end, interior barrel temperature is higher than environment, because the effect and the experimenter of natural cooling clean oxygen bomb, in bucket and oxygen bomb temperature can reduce in the some relatively-stationary interval a little more than environment temperature, by normal interval time and oxygen bomb cleaning method, this temperature spot is a little more than about 2 ℃ of environment temperatures, therefore the present invention is higher all the time 2 ℃ than environment temperature according to the variation control T0 (interior bucket initial temperature) of environment temperature, make T0 and experiment preceding oxygen bomb and interior barrel temperature approaching, make the experiment initial stage can realize the balance of interior barrel temperature fast, farthest shortened the time at initial stage.In addition, because the main phase is adopted the one-way only operation temperature curve, heat of stirring is more stable, tests the model of lowering the temperature latter stage and becomes simple relatively, can derive out, and need not survey, and can finish test period in advance, has shortened Measuring Time.Therefore the calorimeter of unique working temperature curve that adopted of the present invention can the both accurate and fast result who tests out sample.
Principle of work: referring to Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4, T0 and outer barrel temperature be provided with respectively be higher than about 2 ℃ and 6 ℃ of environment temperatures, barrel 1 temperature maintenance is evenly constant at home and abroad at experimentation.Put into bucket 3 with weighing up the substitute the bad for the good oxygen bomb 4 of oxygen of sample, interior bucket 3 aqueous mediums are fully stirred.Approaching with interior bucket 3 temperature and T0 because of oxygen bomb 4, bucket 3 temperature balances in 5min can realize in the time fast reach the prefiring initial temperature of interior bucket, and so far the time at initial stage finishes to enter main time phase.Fully burn by the igniting of electrode control sample by control gear.At this moment, oxygen bomb 4 outside very exothermic, the aqueous medium in making in the bucket 3 heats up rapidly, and interior bucket 3 water constantly are stirred each point water temperature convergence unanimity.Because of outer bucket 1 temperature is higher than 6 ℃ of environment temperatures, to end even arrived the experiment igniting, interior bucket 3 still is lower than the temperature of outer bucket 1.That is to say that in main time phase of whole (3.5-4) min interior bucket 3 is in unidirectional heat absorption state all the time.When the main phase, temperature variation was more stable, can derive main final point, the main phase finishes.So far a test period finishes, and adds the advance and retreat water time, total test duration＜11min.Computing machine adopts auspicious side's formula to calculate the cooling corrected value, and draws finally test result accurately according to parameters such as sample weights according to the interior bucket 3 working temperature curves that collect.
The below comparison (seeing the following form 1) of the test result of making for the calorimeter that to adopt above-mentioned two kinds of working temperature curves respectively be working method:
Table 1
By last data as can be known, the cooling corrected value C of classical calorimeter be on the occasion of, absolute value is less; The cooling corrected value C of calorimeter of the present invention is a negative value, and absolute value is bigger.This conforms to the characteristic of separately working curve.In addition, from measurement result, no matter be the relative standard deviation of thermal capacity, still mark the accuracy and the extreme difference of the thermal value of coal 11126, calorimeter of the present invention all is better than classical calorimeter, and the test duration is short, has embodied the both accurate and fast characteristics of calorimeter of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter is characterized in that step is:
(1), get the air drying sample and place in the crucible, the crucible of having adorned sample places on the oxygen bomb crucible holder, loads onto ignition wire; In oxygen bomb, charge into an amount of oxygen;
(2), in the interior bucket of calorimeter, add an amount of water, oxygen bomb is put into barrel, built bung;
(3), start in bucket stir make in barrel temperature reach the interior bucket initial temperature T0 of balance, and the temperature of the outer bucket of control calorimeter, when guaranteeing work, the whole temperature rise curve of interior bucket is all outside environment temperature and outer bucket temperature controlling point are between the temperature section of barrel temperature;
(4), energising igniting, constantly read interior barrel temperature, when the actual temperature rise of interior bucket was zero, testing the main phase finished;
(5), according to main phase temperature rise and cooling correction calculation result, and the sample weight calculation of parameter goes out the thermal value of sample.
2, the measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), during the control temperature, interior bucket initial temperature T0 is than environment temperature height, outer bucket temperature controlling point i.e. outer barrel temperature is provided with than environment temperature height, and promptly outer barrel temperature is low than outer bucket temperature controlling point for interior bucket igniting terminal temperature Tn.
3, the measuring method of heat productivity of heating substance for calorimeter according to claim 2 is characterized in that: interior bucket initial temperature T0 is higher 2 ℃ than environment temperature, and interior bucket igniting terminal temperature Tn is than low 1 ℃ of outer barrel temperature, and outer barrel temperature is than the high 6-8 of environment temperature ℃.
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| CN102109478B (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-12-26 | 长沙开元仪器股份有限公司 | Method for testing heat of calorimeter |
| CN102207478A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-10-05 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Gas combustion heat measuring device and combustion heat measuring method utilizing the same |
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| CN106153676A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-23 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | A kind of assay method of alcohol radical liquid fuel calorific value |
| CN113176298B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2023-05-26 | 郑州艾迪科技有限公司 | Peripheral temperature control calorimeter for coal quality detection |
| CN113340937B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-05-13 | 武汉深维鼎测科技有限公司 | Rapid heat value measuring method and system based on oxygen bomb calorimeter |
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