A kind of biological treatment technique for coking waste water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coking chemical waste water biological treatment, particularly a kind ofly be used for the biological treatment technique that coking chemical waste water biological treatment partly is composed in series by dissimilar biological ceramic particles filter tank.
Background technology
Coking waste water treatment process generally is made up of preprocessing part (for example adjusting, oil removing, flotation etc.), biological treatment part and materialization treating part (as coagulation, precipitation etc.) three parts, and the biological treatment part is the core of whole technology.Up to the present, two kinds of forms have partly been adopted in the biological treatment of domestic and international most coking waste water treatment process: first kind is anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A
1-A
2-O) or the placed in-line biological activity mud of anaerobic-aerobic (A-O) method, it is to remove pollutent as the main means of purifying liquid waste with active sludge; Second kind is anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A
1-A
2-O) or the placed in-line part or all of biomembrance process of anaerobic-aerobic (A-O), it is to be filler with microbial film as the main means of purifying liquid waste or with soft, medium-soft, YDT elastic solid filler or slag, medical stone, zeolite, cobble, gac.These two kinds of forms are with respect to traditional pure aerobe activated sludge process, and effluent quality and processing load are improved.With certain Treatment of Coking Effluent engineering is example, enter the biological treatment part behind the waste water process preprocessing part (adjusting, oil removal, flotation), the biological treatment part is made up of anaerobic pond, anoxic pond and Aerobic Pond, second pond, wherein anaerobic pond, anoxic pond are biomembrance process, with the semi soft packing is biofilm carrier, and Aerobic Pond is an activated sludge process.The biological treatment of this technology partly flow process is: enter anaerobic pond through pretreated waste water, the anaerobic pond water outlet directly enters the anoxic section, the water outlet of anoxic section enters Aerobic Pond, settling tank successively, and the settling tank water part is back to anoxic pond, part is discharged to follow-up materialization treating part (coagulation, precipitation).But these two kinds of biological treatments have shortcoming to be:
1. anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A
1-A
2-O) or the shortcoming of the placed in-line biological activity mud of anaerobic-aerobic (A-O) method be: handling load, low (for example Aerobic Pond COD sludge loading only is 0.4~0.7kgCOD/kg.m1vs s.d, and Aerobic Pond COD volumetric loading only is 0.7~1.2kgCOD/m
3.d; The whole COD volumetric loading of A-A-O only is 0.6~1.0kgCOD/m
3.d), hydraulic detention time long (30-90h, it is different and different to look waste water quality), and secondary sedimentation basins must be set causes thus that floor space is big, initial cost is high.
2. with soft, medium-soft, YDT elastic solid filler the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A of biofilm carrier
1-A
2-O) or anaerobic-aerobic (A-O) though the biological treatment technique specific activity mud method treatment process that biofilm reactor is composed in series increase handling on the load, hydraulic detention time shortens to some extent, yet the processing load is still on the low side, and (for example Aerobic Pond COD volumetric loading only is 0.8~1.5kgCOD/m
3.d; The whole COD volumetric loading of A-A-O only is 1.0~1.8kgCOD/m
3.d), hydraulic detention time still long partially (25-60h, it is different and different to look waste water quality), and secondary sedimentation basins must be set causes thus that floor space is still bigger than normal, initial cost is still higher.
3. with slag, medical stone, zeolite or cobble the A of biofilm carrier
1(anaerobism), A
2Stopping up often appears in (anoxic), O (aerobic) biofilm reactor, filtrate hardens phenomenon, needs frequent flushing or causes the operating performance instability; With the gac is the A of biofilm carrier
1(anaerobism), A
2(anoxic), O (aerobic) biofilm reactor, or above phenomenon appears, or, cause whole initial cost height because of activated carbon costs an arm and a leg.
4. with slag, medical stone, zeolite, cobble or activated carbon the A of biofilm carrier
1(anaerobism), A
2(anoxic) biofilm reactor is because of A
1(anaerobism), A
2(anoxic) produces a large amount of microbubbles, but do not have practicable method of driveing microbubble, causes these microbubbles to be trapped in A for a long time
1(anaerobism), A
2In (anoxic) filter tank, occupy the filter tank effective reaction space for a long time, reduced processing efficiency.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that coking chemical waste water biological treatment in the above-mentioned prior art exists, it is good to the invention provides a kind of mass transfer treatment effect, handles the biological treatment technique for coking waste water that load is big, the residence time is short, expense cost is low.
Described biological treatment technique for coking waste water is: described filter tank bag according to pre-treatment partly, biological treatment part and materialization are handled partly, described biological treatment is partly by anaerobism haydite filter tank, anoxic haydite filter tank and aerobic haydite filter tank are composed in series, described anaerobism haydite filter tank, all be filled with the biofilm material filter material layer that spherical ceramic grain filter or irregular shape ceramic grain filter form in anoxic haydite filter tank and the aerobic haydite filter tank, the internal reflux mode is adopted in described anaerobism haydite filter tank, adopt reflux type between described aerobic haydite filter tank and the anoxic haydite filter tank, described filter material layer is respectively by the different ceramic grain filter of particle diameter and forms, described anaerobism, mud and suspended substance that anoxic and aerobic haydite filter tank adopt back flushing to get rid of accumulation in the filter tank arrive pre-treatment partly, and described anaerobism and anoxic haydite filter tank adopt regular water flushing to drive microbubble in the pond.
For treatment effect that improves anaerobism haydite filter tank and the function that realizes the integrated artistic denitrogenation, the reflux ratio that water side, anaerobism haydite filter tank is back to anaerobism haydite filter tank feed-water end is 1: 1-5: 1, and the reflux ratio that water side, aerobic haydite filter tank is back to anoxic haydite filter tank feed-water end is 3: 1-8: 1.
This technology can improve the processing load, and (for example Aerobic Pond COD volumetric loading can reach 2.5~4.0kgCOD/m
3.d; The whole COD volumetric loading of A-A-O only is 1.0~1.8kgCOD/m
3.d), reduce hydraulic detention time, thereby reduce floor space and initial cost.Three dissimilar filter tanks all with spherical ceramic grain filter or irregular ceramic grain filter as the biofilm filler; Suspended substance and biological sludge are retained in the filter tank, biological treatment Duan Bushe secondary sedimentation basins; Anaerobism haydite filter tank adopts the internal reflux mode to move; The ceramic grain filter of filling thickness different-grain diameter scope forms many filter material layers in every type of filter tank; Three types of filter tanks adopt back flushing to get rid of the mud of accumulation in the pond and the flotation cell that suspended substance arrives the pre-treatment part; Anaerobism and anoxic haydite filter tank adopt regular water flushing to drive microbubble in the pond.
Described anaerobe haydite filter tank, main effect is by the anaerobic acidification effect, improves the biodegradability of waste water.Adopting the internal reflux mode, is that the anaerobic filter water side is back to the anaerobic filter feed-water end, and reflux ratio is 1: 1-5: 1, and its purpose is to improve the mobile speed of water in the filter tank, accelerates effect of mass transmitting; Anaerobism haydite filter tank adopts the upward flow mode to move.
Described aerobic haydite filter tank final outflow water end is back to anoxic haydite filter tank feed-water end, and reflux ratio is 3: 1-8: 1, and described anoxic haydite filter tank adopts the upward flow mode to move, and described aerobic haydite filter tank is adopted upward flow or is moved to stream mode down.
The ceramic grain filter of filling thickness different-grain diameter scope can divide filling more than 2 layers or 2 layers by the different-grain diameter scope, the ceramic grain filter of every layer of certain particle size range of filling in described every type of filter tank.To anaerobism haydite filter tank, the ceramic grain filter that is loaded the particle diameter maximum by foot carries out the transition to the upward flow mode that topmost loads the ceramic grain filter of particle diameter minimum gradually, and whole particle size range is 4-10mm, and total height is 1-4m; To anoxic haydite filter tank, the ceramic grain filter that is loaded the particle diameter maximum by foot carries out the transition to the upward flow mode that topmost loads the ceramic grain filter of particle diameter minimum gradually, and whole particle size range is 4-8mm, and total height is 1-4m; To aerobic haydite filter tank, carry out the transition to gradually by the ceramic grain filter of foot filling particle diameter maximum topmost filling particle diameter minimum ceramic grain filter the upward flow mode or carry out the transition to ceramic grain filter following of foot filling particle diameter minimum gradually to stream mode by the ceramic grain filter of topmost filling particle diameter maximum, whole particle size range is 2-8mm, aerobic haydite filter tank can be divided into one-level and multistage, and every grade of aerobic ceramic grain filter layer height is 1-4m.
Three types of filter tanks all adopt flushing to get rid of the mud of accumulation in the pond and the flotation cell that suspended substance arrives the pre-treatment part, wherein anaerobism haydite filter tank adopts the mode of water backwashing to wash eliminating, and anoxic haydite filter tank and aerobic haydite filter tank adopt the combined water and air backwash mode to wash eliminating.
Described anaerobism and anoxic haydite filter tank adopt regular water flushing to drive microbubble in the filter tank, flushing cycle 1-3 days.
The present invention compared with prior art, the advantage that has is:
(1) spherical ceramic grain filter or irregular ceramic grain filter are more suitable for the biofilm carrier (biofilm material) as biomembrance process, and the biological filter can obtain higher biological concentration, thereby with spherical ceramic grain filter or the irregular ceramic grain filter A as biofilm carrier
1(anaerobism)-A
2Series connection biomembrance process in (anoxic)-O (aerobic) biological filter can improve significantly and handle load, and then speech can shorten hydraulic retention the time, reduces floor space and initial cost; A
1(anaerobic pond) is with spherical ceramic grain filter or irregular ceramic grain filter as biofilm carrier the time, adopt the mode of internal reflux, strengthened flow velocity, strengthened mass transfer effect, improved to handle and loaded, shortened hydraulic detention time, minimizing floor space and initial cost;
(2) mud of suspended substance in the waste water and biological treatment generation is retained in the filter material layer, need not to be provided with secondary sedimentation basins, can save occupation of land, investment and the management maintenance task of secondary sedimentation basins, the power charge that saving mud refluxes;
(3) A
1(anaerobism), A
2The spherical ceramic grain filter or the irregular ceramic grain filter of filling thickness different-grain diameter scope in (anoxic), every type of biological filter of O (aerobic), form many filter material layers, when keeping certain biofilm biomass (biological concentration), can effectively avoid filtering layer to stop up, filtrate hardens phenomenon, can prolong flushing cycle, the steady running effect; Spherical ceramic grain filter or irregular ceramic grain filter relative reactivity charcoal low price can reduce whole initial cost;
(4) process of washing is adopted in the filter tank, suspended substance and the aging microbial film that both can get rid of accumulation in the filter material layer, reduce head loss, can drive the microbubble that produces in anaerobism and the anoxic haydite filter tank again, thereby the effective biological respinse volume that keeps anaerobism and anoxic haydite filter tank keeps the stable treated effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, and the higher concentration coking chemical waste water: influent quality is as follows: COD 3300mg/l, ammonia nitrogen 200mg/l, CN
-12mg/l, oily 50mg/l, phenol 680mg/l, pH6-9.In Fig. 1, after the waste water process pre-treatment (adjusting, oil removal, flotation), enter anaerobism haydite filter tank, water part, anaerobism haydite filter tank enters anoxic haydite filter tank, part passes back into anaerobism haydite filter tank (reflux ratio 1: 1) again, and the filter tank water outlet of anoxic haydite enters aerobic haydite filter tank, and water side, aerobic haydite filter tank enters back coagulating treatment section, partial reflux is gone into anoxic haydite filter tank (reflux ratio 6: 1), and aerobic haydite is not established secondary sedimentation basins behind the filter tank; Anaerobism, anoxic and aerobic haydite filter tank are the biofilm filler with spherical ceramic grain filter.Ceramic grain filter is 8-10mm for lower floor's particle diameter in the anaerobism haydite filter tank, and the upper strata particle diameter is 6-8mm; Ceramic grain filter lower floor particle diameter is 6-8mm in the anoxic haydite filter tank, and the upper strata particle diameter is 4-6mm; Aerobic haydite filter tank is divided into aerobic carbon pond and aerobic nitrogen pond, and the former mainly removes organism (COD and BOD), and the latter mainly removes ammonia nitrogen, ceramic grain filter lower floor particle diameter is 4-6mm in the aerobic charcoal pond, the upper strata is 3-5mm, and ceramic grain filter lower floor particle diameter is 3-5mm in the aerobic nitrogen pond, and the upper strata is 2-4mm.System's total hrt is 30 hours, and total load is COD, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen; After the biological treatment section, effluent quality COD 250mg/l, ammonia nitrogen 15mg/l, nitrate nitrogen 0.53mg/l, CN
-0.5mg/l, oily 5mg/l, phenol 0.5mg/l, pH6-9.Anaerobism haydite filter tank adopted the water backwashing manner to get rid of microbubble in the filter tank in per 2 days, adopted the water backwashing manner to get rid of suspended substance and the mud that accumulates in the filter tank every 7-15 day; Adopt the water backwashing manner to get rid of microbubble in the filter tank every 1-2 day of anoxic haydite filter tank, the suspended substance and the mud that every 2-5 day adopt the combined water and air backwash mode to get rid of to accumulate in the filter tank; The suspended substance and the mud that every 2-5 day of aerobic haydite filter tank adopt the combined water and air backwash mode to get rid of to accumulate in the filter tank.
Embodiment 2, and the low concentration coking chemical waste water: influent quality is as follows: COD 1500mg/l, ammonia nitrogen 70mg/l, CN
-8mg/l, oily 50mg/l, phenol 400mg/l, pH6.5-8.5.In Fig. 1, after the waste water process pre-treatment (adjusting, oil removal, flotation), enter anaerobism haydite filter tank, water side, anaerobism haydite filter tank enters the anoxic filter tank, part passes back into anaerobism haydite filter tank (reflux ratio 1: 1) again, and the filter tank water outlet of anoxic haydite enters aerobic filter tank, and water side, aerobic haydite filter tank enters back coagulating treatment section, partial reflux is gone into anoxic haydite filter tank (reflux ratio 6: 1), and aerobic haydite is not established secondary sedimentation basins behind the filter tank; Anaerobism, anoxic and aerobic haydite filter tank are the biofilm filler with irregular shape ceramic grain filter.Ceramic grain filter is 6-8mm for lower floor's maximum particle diameter in the anaerobism haydite filter tank, and the upper strata maximum particle diameter is 4-6mm; Ceramic grain filter lower floor maximum particle diameter is 4-6mm in the anoxic haydite filter tank, and upper strata particle diameter maximum range is 3-5mm; Ceramic grain filter lower floor maximum particle diameter is 3-5mm in the aerobic haydite filter tank, and the upper strata is 2-4mm.System's total hrt is 20 hours, and total load is COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen; After the biological treatment section, effluent quality COD 120mg/l, ammonia nitrogen 15mg/l, nitrate nitrogen 0.67mg/l, CN
-0.5mg/l, oily 5mg/l, phenol 0.5mg/l, pH6.5-8.5.Anaerobism haydite filter tank adopted the water backwashing manner to get rid of microbubble in the filter tank in per 2 days, adopted the liquid manure backwashing manner to get rid of suspended substance and the mud that accumulates in the filter tank every 7-15 day; Adopt the water backwashing manner to get rid of microbubble in the filter tank every 1-2 day of anoxic haydite filter tank, the suspended substance and the mud that every 2-5 day adopt the combined water and air backwash mode to get rid of to accumulate in the filter tank; The suspended substance and the mud that every 2-5 day of aerobic haydite filter tank adopt the combined water and air backwash mode to get rid of to accumulate in the filter tank.