CN100555288C - A kind of method and system of visiting distinct type data-base - Google Patents
A kind of method and system of visiting distinct type data-base Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of visiting distinct type data-base, comprise step: receive and the irrelevant general SQL statement of target database; Judge the target database type; General SQL statement is translated into the SQL statement of in the specific objective database, carrying out according to the target database type; The SQL statement that sends described translation is to the specific objective database.Can shield the difference of disparate databases by described method, application program does not need to be concerned about the target database type of being moved.The present invention also provides a kind of system that visits distinct type data-base.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to database field, particularly relate to a kind of method and system of visiting distinct type data-base.
Background technology
Existing database product is realizing also supporting distinctive separately SQL grammer outside the standard SQL grammer, and these SQL grammers are uncurrent.Give an example: the statement below in SQL SERVER, supporting: SELECT TOP 100*FROM t, but under DB2 owing to do not support the TOP key word, so the statement of equivalence be carried out and must be write as to this statement can not by correct compiling: SELECT*FROM tFETCH FIRST 100 ROWS ONLY.As can be seen, realize same function, promptly from table t, select 100 records, in SQL SERVER and DB2, all can realize, but the query statement that the mode that realizes is promptly submitted to is also not identical.For another example: the statement below DB2 supports: update t as t1... and this statement are carried out in SQL SERVER and can be reported grammer not support mistake.This species diversity has been brought inconvenience to application product: the application of an operational excellence in certain database product, and not necessarily can normally operation in other database product.
Certain applications attempt to shield each database difference by O/R Mapping instrument, as hibernate.When using these O/R Mapping instruments, what the developer submitted to is the statement of objectification, instrument is responsible for generating the structurized SQL statement that is adapted at moving on the certain database, and the mode of their employing translation objectification statements shields the difference between each database.
Solved the problem that each database difference is brought though cross objectification statement translation generation SQL, there is following shortcoming in it:
1, the dirigibility of restriction SQL use: the objectification statement has the different of essence with structured statement, and present Database Systems all are relational database basically, this present situation has determined the objectification statement can't the image structures statement flexible like that, can't combine with Database Systems are good.
2, be difficult to describe complicated SQL statement: what the developer submitted to is the objectification statement, and the SQL statement that generates is a structured statement.This species diversity causes instrument itself can't handle complicated SQL statement, and from another point of view, it will be the thing of part difficulty that the developer attempts the statement that related statement with complexity transfers objectification to.
3, to use the distinctive statement of certain database to be undertaken by interface.General purpose tool all can provide two interfaces, and one is used for the process object statement, and another is used for the Processing Structure statement, i.e. the distinctive statement of database, and the characteristics of this statement are that it does not need the instrument translation but directly is submitted to database.Two interfaces have in use caused no small trouble to the developer, must select appropriate interface, and must the synchronous change interface when revising statement.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method and system of visiting distinct type data-base, is adapted at specific objective database operation SQL statement by structurized general SQL statement is translated into, and shields the difference between the various databases.
In order to address the above problem, the invention discloses a kind of method of visiting distinct type data-base, comprise step:
Receive and the irrelevant general SQL statement of target database, described general SQL statement has physical meaning;
Judge the target database type;
Preset corresponding grammer, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing, the SQL statement of in the specific objective database, carrying out according to result's output of syntax parsing;
The SQL statement that sends described output is to the specific objective database.
Further, also comprise step:
Target database is carried out described SQL statement, returns execution result.
Preferably, after described judgement target database type, described preset corresponding grammer before, also comprise step:
Judge whether target database supports the function of described general SQL statement, as not supporting, then:
In target database, preset the storing process of realizing described general SQL statement function;
Preset corresponding grammer, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing, export the call statement of described storing process according to the result of syntax parsing;
The call statement of storing process that sends described output is to the specific objective database, and flow process finishes.
Wherein, described syntax parsing concrete steps are:
According to grammer general SQL statement is resolved to syntax tree;
The concrete steps of the SQL statement that described output is carried out in the specific objective database are:
From syntax tree information, obtain sign successively, the SQL statement that output is carried out in the specific objective database.
Preferential, after the general SQL statement step of described reception, and before described judgement target database type, also comprise:
Judge that described general SQL statement whether with/* dialect*/be prefix, not, then enters next step, be, then directly the described SQL statement of transmission to the specific objective database.
The invention also discloses a kind of system that visits distinct type data-base, comprising:
Receiving element is used to receive and the irrelevant general SQL statement of target database, and described general SQL statement has physical meaning;
First judging unit is used to judge the target database type;
Preset unit is used to preset corresponding grammer;
The syntax tree resolution unit is used for according to grammer general SQL statement being resolved to syntax tree;
Output unit is used for obtaining sign successively from syntax tree information, the SQL statement that output is carried out in the specific objective database;
Transmitting element is used to send the SQL statement of described output to the specific objective database.
Preferably, also comprise:
Return the unit, be used for after target database is carried out SQL statement, returning execution result.
Preferably, also comprise:
Second judging unit is used to judge whether target database supports the function of general SQL statement, as not supporting, then: preset the storing process of realizing described general SQL statement function in target database; Preset corresponding grammer, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing, export the call statement of described storing process according to the result of syntax parsing; The call statement of storing process that sends described output is to the specific objective database.
Preferably, also comprise:
The 3rd judging unit is used to judge general SQL statement whether with/* dialect*/be prefix, and not, then first judging unit continues executable operations, be, then directly the described SQL statement of transmission to the specific objective database.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the actual database product.External application does not directly send the actual SQL statement relevant with database product, but send general SQL statement to translation layer, when program run, translation layer can generate suitable SQL statement according to the target database type, and sends to the target database execution.Thereby can make application program no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved.Because KSQL grammer of the present invention is the same with other SQL grammer, all be structured language, so the SQL process that KSQL is translated on the certain database will become simply, write the same complicated statement simultaneously easily with other SQL.
Further, translation is in conjunction with the difference of predefined storing process between can the various databases of shielding of maximum program, and all SQL functions that operate on certain database can realize in other databases.Use the statement prefix decision whether will translate and avoid externally issuing a plurality of different interfaces statement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram of visiting the distinct type data-base method of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the particular flow sheet of step 103 translation steps in the described method of Fig. 1 embodiment;
Fig. 3 is a kind of process flow diagram of visiting the distinct type data-base method of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of process flow diagram of visiting the distinct type data-base method of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a kind of structured flowchart of visiting the distinct type data-base system of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is a kind of structured flowchart of visiting the distinct type data-base system of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is a kind of structured flowchart of visiting the distinct type data-base system of third embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, show a kind of process flow diagram of visiting the distinct type data-base method of the embodiment of the invention, comprise step:
The general SQL statement that step 101, reception and target database are irrelevant.
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the concrete target database.Therefore, use described general SQL statement can make external application no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved, improved application flexibility.In embodiments of the present invention, the preferably outside JAVA application system of the general SQL statement of described reception sends, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that described JAVA application system does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Obtain the database environment information that application system is moved, i.e. target database type, described database environment information is kept in the configuration file, obtains when database connects creating.Because the KSQL statement is to carry out in concrete database, so before the KSQL statement being translated into the SQL statement that is adapted at the execution of specific objective database, must judge its type of database that will move earlier, thereby translate into the SQL statement of respective type.
After definite target database type, the KSQL statement that can not carry out in concrete database is translated into can be in the SQL statement of the execution of specific objective database.Described translation process and principle will describe in detail in the back, not describe in detail earlier at this.
The SQL statement of step 104, the described translation of transmission is to the specific objective database.
After translation was finished, the SQL statement that is adapted at the execution of specific objective database that described translation is finished was sent to target database.
Further, can also comprise that step 105, target database carries out described SQL statement, return execution result.
Described target database is carried out SQL statement, and returns execution result.For the person of ordinary skill of the art, be common practise, be not described in detail in this.
With reference to Fig. 2, show the particular flow sheet of step 103 translation steps in the described method of Fig. 1 embodiment, described translation process specifically comprises step:
Step 1031, preset corresponding grammer, enter step 1032.
Step 1032, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing.
According to grammer general SQL statement is resolved to syntax tree.
Step 1033, the SQL statement that output is carried out in the specific objective database according to the result of syntax parsing.
From syntax tree information, obtain sign successively, the SQL statement that output is carried out in the specific objective database, described step can comprise following process:
Obtain statement type, and the output corresponding information is to buffer zone;
Obtain the column information in the syntax tree, and the output corresponding information is to buffer zone;
The source table name of obtaining claims, and the output corresponding information is to buffer zone;
Obtain another name, and the output corresponding information is to buffer zone, as then not exporting for sky;
Obtain and select record number information, and the output corresponding information is to buffer zone;
The content of output buffer.
Instantiation with the preceding N bar data of inquiring about certain table describes in detail to above step and principle below:
The grammer of the preceding N bar data of certain table of KSQL specifies query is as follows:
SELECT[TOP n] and * | the row name } [, * | the row name } [, * | the row name } [...]]] FROM table name [AS another name]
Ignorecase, wherein:
N is the integer greater than 0;
{ A|B} is illustrated in alternative among A and the B;
[A] expression A is optional.
According to this syntax rule, outside JAVA program is carried out " SELECT TOP100*FROM t " in the DB2 database step is as follows:
1, when receiving the KSQL statement " SELECT TOP 100*FROM t " that outside JAVA program sends, this statement is become a syntax tree according to syntax parsing, and inspect statement grammaticalness whether.If not conforming to rule withdraws from unusually.Syntax tree message structure after the parsing is as follows:
Statement type: SELECT
Selective listing: *
The source table name claims: t
Another name:
Select the record number: 100
2, from the syntax tree information of statement, obtain sign successively, and translate into corresponding SQL statement.Top statement will be finished translation by following step:
(1) obtain statement type, " SELECT " illustrates that this is the statement of a selection function, and then output " SELECT " is to buffer zone, and the content of buffer zone is " SELECT ";
(2) obtain column information in the tree, find only to have a *, then output " * " is to buffer zone, and if any multinomial then circulation, the content of buffer zone is " SELECT* ";
(3) obtain the source table name and claim, " t " directly adds " FROM " as outputing to buffer zone after the prefix, and buffer contents is " SELECT*FROM t ";
(4) obtain another name, be found to be sky, then do not export anything, buffer contents is " SELECT*FROM t ";
(5) obtain the record number information of selecting, 100 represent to have only to select preceding 100 records, and then to buffer zone output " FETCH FIRST 100 ROWS ONLY ", the content of buffer zone is " SELECT*FROMt FETCH FIRST 100 ROWS ONLY ".
3, translation is finished, and the content " SELECT*FROM t FETCH FIRST 100ROWS ONLY " of buffer zone is dealt into target database carries out.
Can learn that from above-mentioned example the whole process of translation is: (1) prescriptive grammar (2) is carried out syntax parsing to the statement that receives and is checked that (3) export according to the result of syntax parsing.
With reference to Fig. 3, show a kind of process flow diagram of visiting the distinct type data-base method of second embodiment of the invention, comprise step:
The general SQL statement that step 301, reception and target database are irrelevant.
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the concrete target database.Therefore, use described general SQL statement can make external application no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved, improved application flexibility.
Obtain the database environment information that application system is moved, i.e. target database type, described database environment information is kept in the configuration file, obtains when database connects creating.
If do not support then enter step 304.
Have such a case, some function of KSQL can not realize by common SQL statement in the specific objective database.As increase by one row SQL statement, can pass through in SQL SERVER: ALTER TABLE t ADD f1 VARCHAR (50) realizes, but in DB2, there is not direct grammer support, but it can come flexible the realization by many SQL statement, in order to shield this species diversity, can preset the storing process that on the DB2 database, can realize this function earlier, and statement is translated into the call statement of this storing process in when translation, the logic of described storing process is: create a new table, should add row to be increased by the new former tabular of showing of classifying as, data with former table copy in the new table then, and with former list deletion.Described logical code will not be introduced at this.When system's arrangement, in target database such as DB2 database, carry out this storing process earlier.Behind newly-increased this storing process, just can support described function in database, if the title of this storing process is add_column, the KSQL statement of application system request is as follows with the statement of carrying out on different target database:
KSQL：ALTER?TABLE?t?ADD?f1VARCHAR(50)；
DB2：CALL?add_column(′t′，′f1′，′VARCHAR(50)′)；
ORACLE：ALTER?TABLE?t?ADD(f1?VARCHAR2(50))；
SQL?SERVER：ALTER?TABLE?t?ADD?f1?VARCHAR(50)。
The described technical scheme of present embodiment farthest shields the difference between the various databases by presetting the storing process combining translation, thereby all SQL functions can realize in different databases.
With reference to Fig. 4, show a kind of process flow diagram of visiting the distinct type data-base method of third embodiment of the invention, comprise step:
The general SQL statement that step 401, reception and target database are irrelevant.
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the concrete target database.Therefore, use described general SQL statement can make external application no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved, improved application flexibility.
If described general SQL statement is not with/* dialect*/be prefix, then enter step: judge the target database type; General SQL statement is translated into the SQL statement of in the specific objective database, carrying out according to the target database type; The SQL statement that sends described translation is to the specific objective database.Be the situation of first embodiment of the invention, no longer described in detail a bit.
If described general SQL statement is with/* dialect*/be prefix, then enter step 403.
When finding that statement is during with/* dialect*/beginning, shows that this statement does not need translation, directly exports as final SQL statement.In the middle of all SQL grammers ,/* and */between the content that comprises be taken as note, can be not processed, so/* dialect*/existence can not influence the execution of final SQL statement.
The described technical scheme of present embodiment uses the mode of statement prefix to determine whether will translate statement, thereby has avoided a plurality of different interfaces of external issue.
With reference to Fig. 5, show a kind of structured flowchart of visiting the distinct type data-base system of first embodiment of the invention, comprising:
Receiving element 501, be used to receive and general SQL statement that target database is irrelevant.
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the concrete target database.Therefore, use described general SQL statement can make external application no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved, improved application flexibility.
First judging unit 502, be used to judge the target database type.
Obtain the database environment information that application system is moved, i.e. target database type, described database environment information is kept in the configuration file, obtains when database connects creating.Because the KSQL statement is to carry out in concrete database, so before the KSQL statement being translated into the SQL statement that is adapted at the execution of specific objective database, must judge its type of database that will move earlier, thereby translate into the SQL statement of respective type.
Described translation unit comprises:
Syntax tree resolution unit 5032, be used for general SQL statement being resolved to syntax tree according to grammer;
After definite target database type, the KSQL statement that can not carry out in concrete database is translated into can be in the SQL statement of the execution of specific objective database.Described translation process and principle will be described in detail in front, in order to save length, are not described in detail in this.
Transmitting element 504, be used to send the SQL statement of described translation to the specific objective database.
After translation was finished, the SQL statement that is adapted at the execution of specific objective database that described translation is finished was sent to target database.
Further, can also comprise and return unit 505, be used for after target database is carried out SQL statement, returning execution result.
With reference to Fig. 6, show a kind of structured flowchart of visiting the distinct type data-base system of second embodiment of the invention, comprising:
Receiving element 601, be used to receive and general SQL statement that target database is irrelevant.
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the concrete target database.Therefore, use described general SQL statement can make external application no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved, improved application flexibility.
First judging unit 602, be used to judge the target database type.
Obtain the database environment information that application system is moved, i.e. target database type, described database environment information is kept in the configuration file, obtains when database connects creating.
Transmitting element 605, be used to send the SQL statement of described translation to the specific objective database.
With reference to Fig. 7, show a kind of structured flowchart of visiting the distinct type data-base system of third embodiment of the invention, comprising:
Receiving element 701, be used to receive and general SQL statement that target database is irrelevant.
The present invention supports to propose on the basis of different SQL grammers a kind of general SQL statement, i.e. KSQL statement at disparate databases.Described general SQL statement has the grammer of self, and described grammer is the various functions of descriptive data base easily, but it can not run directly in the concrete target database.Therefore, use described general SQL statement can make external application no longer be concerned about the database environment that is moved, improved application flexibility.
The 3rd judging unit 702, be used to judge that general SQL statement is whether with/* dialect*/be prefix.
If described general SQL statement is with/* dialect*/be prefix, then:
Transmitting element 703, be used for directly sending described SQL statement to target database.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are and Fig. 1, Fig. 3, device embodiment that the described method embodiment of Fig. 4 is corresponding that therefore, the relevant portion among the part reference method embodiment that does not describe in detail among the device embodiment gets final product.
More than to a kind of method and system of visiting distinct type data-base provided by the present invention, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of method of visiting distinct type data-base is characterized in that, comprising:
Receive and the irrelevant general SQL statement of target database, described general SQL statement has physical meaning;
Judge the target database type;
Preset corresponding grammer, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing, the SQL statement of in the specific objective database, carrying out according to result's output of syntax parsing;
The SQL statement that sends described output is to the specific objective database.
2, the method for visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step:
Target database is carried out described SQL statement, returns execution result.
3, the method for visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after described judgement target database type, described preset corresponding grammer before, also comprise step:
Judge whether target database supports the function of described general SQL statement, as not supporting, then:
In target database, preset the storing process of realizing described general SQL statement function;
Preset corresponding grammer, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing, export the call statement of described storing process according to the result of syntax parsing;
The call statement of storing process that sends described output is to the specific objective database, and flow process finishes.
4, the method for visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described syntax parsing concrete steps are:
According to grammer general SQL statement is resolved to syntax tree;
The concrete steps of the SQL statement that described output is carried out in the specific objective database are:
From syntax tree information, obtain sign successively, the SQL statement that output is carried out in the specific objective database.
5, the method for visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after the general SQL statement step of described reception, and before described judgement target database type, also comprises:
Judge that described general SQL statement whether with/* dialect*/be prefix, not, then enters next step, be, then directly the described SQL statement of transmission to the specific objective database.
6, a kind of system that visits distinct type data-base is characterized in that, comprising:
Receiving element is used to receive and the irrelevant general SQL statement of target database, and described general SQL statement has physical meaning;
First judging unit is used to judge the target database type;
Preset unit is used to preset corresponding grammer;
The syntax tree resolution unit is used for according to grammer general SQL statement being resolved to syntax tree;
Output unit is used for obtaining sign successively from syntax tree information, the SQL statement that output is carried out in the specific objective database;
Transmitting element is used to send the SQL statement of described output to the specific objective database.
7, the system of visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Return the unit, be used for after target database is carried out SQL statement, returning execution result.
8, the system of visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Second judging unit is used to judge whether target database supports the function of general SQL statement, as not supporting, then: preset the storing process of realizing described general SQL statement function in target database; Preset corresponding grammer, the general SQL statement that receives is carried out syntax parsing, export the call statement of described storing process according to the result of syntax parsing; The call statement of storing process that sends described output is to the specific objective database.
9, the system of visit distinct type data-base as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The 3rd judging unit is used to judge general SQL statement whether with/* dialect*/be prefix, and not, then first judging unit continues executable operations, be, then directly the described SQL statement of transmission to the specific objective database.
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