CN100551540C - Clay minerals tailings disintegrating method - Google Patents
Clay minerals tailings disintegrating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100551540C CN100551540C CNB2008100232075A CN200810023207A CN100551540C CN 100551540 C CN100551540 C CN 100551540C CN B2008100232075 A CNB2008100232075 A CN B2008100232075A CN 200810023207 A CN200810023207 A CN 200810023207A CN 100551540 C CN100551540 C CN 100551540C
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Abstract
一种粘土矿物尾矿崩解方法，将粘土矿物尾矿倒入高度为2～2.5米的崩解池中，加入质量为粘土矿物尾矿0.3～0.8%的分散药剂，所述分散药剂是六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠和水玻璃的混合物，六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠与水玻璃的质量比例为1∶0.9～1.1∶3.8～4.2，其中，水玻璃调节尾矿的pH值至7～7.5；尾矿在分散药剂和阳光的共同作用下经历0.5～1年时间使尾矿崩解分散。本发明利用阳光、温度等对矿物的自然风化作用，以及分散药剂对矿物解离面的吸附、渗透和浸蚀作用，在一定的时间周期下使粘土矿物尾矿产生自然崩解的效果。A method for disintegrating clay mineral tailings. The clay mineral tailings are poured into a disintegration tank with a height of 2 to 2.5 meters, and a dispersing agent whose mass is 0.3 to 0.8% of the clay mineral tailings is added. The dispersing agent is six The mixture of sodium metaphosphate, sodium polyacrylate and water glass, the mass ratio of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyacrylate and water glass is 1:0.9～1.1:3.8～4.2, wherein the water glass adjusts the pH value of tailings to 7 ~7.5; Tailings disintegrate and disperse after 0.5 to 1 year under the joint action of dispersant agents and sunlight. The invention utilizes the natural weathering effect of sunlight, temperature, etc. on minerals, and the adsorption, penetration and erosion effects of dispersing agents on the dissociated surface of minerals, so that the clay mineral tailings will naturally disintegrate in a certain period of time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to clay minerals tailings and select the field that utilizes again, be specifically related to a kind of clay minerals tailings disintegrating method.
Background technology
Clay mineral is a kind of moisture silicate or aluminium silicate mineral, and industrial department often utilizes clay mineral mesosilicic acid salt or aluminium silicate mineral, and association other mineral wherein are considered to unhelpful or even harmful.People are when exploitation or processing and utilization clay mineral, and only wherein so-called useful mineral extract, and a large amount of so-called unhelpful or harmful under certain conditions common associated minerals are abandoned as waste residue, mine tailing.
The associated mineral that contains in the clay minerals tailings roughly is divided three classes at present: the first kind is that association has common metalliferous mineral in the mine tailing, as pyrite, goethite, limonite, plumbous zinc ore, ilmenite, rutile etc.; Second class is that association has non-clay minerals such as common quartz, feldspar in the mine tailing; The 3rd class is that association has precious metal mineral or rare-earth mineral in the mine tailing, as rare earth elements such as noble elements such as Cu, Ag, Au and neodymium, praseodymium, europium, dysprosium, terbium, yttriums.
There is two large problems in present clay mineral utilization: on the one hand, because long-term exploitation, the reserves of rich ore and easily ore dressing reduce day by day, the mineral resources shortage phenomenon of generality occurred; On the other hand, a large amount of mine tailings that " the difficult ore dressing " that verified already, that reserves are huge, that grade is low, disseminated grain size is thin and combining form is complicated, " associated minerals ", " mineral intergrowth " and ore dressing produce, owing to dissociate, key technologies such as dispersion, sorting do not pass a test, cause sorting the application requirements that product does not reach downstream industry department, often can not get effective development and use, cause mineral resources to run off in a large number.At present, the burden of China's clay minerals tailings and annual emissions are very huge, and the data that provide according to clay association show that only the discharge capacity of kaolin mine tailing (comprising low-grade refractory minerals) reaches 2,000 ten thousand tons/year, and increase year by year.
Along with comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection are subjected to national pay attention to day by day, many R﹠D institutions have all carried out the research of comprehensive utilization of tailing in succession.Relevant research mainly concentrates on the comprehensive utilization of tailing aspect of metal mine, has obtained significant effect already; Achievement in research at the nonmetallic mineral comprehensive utilization of tailing then mainly concentrates on non-clay minerals such as asbestos, gypsum, graphite.
Utilization to clay minerals tailings at present generally has two kinds.The one, clay minerals tailings directly as a kind of raw material, is prepared construction material.But the shortcoming that this method exists is that the quartz sand content in the mine tailing is not high enough, and therefore the addition of mine tailing has been subjected to certain restriction when the preparation construction material; Contain multiple valuable mineral in the mine tailing, it is worth far above directly mine tailing being used for construction material as raw material.Another kind is some valuable mineral that separates in the mine tailing, thereby reaches the effect that mine tailing is recycled.The one-tenth Yue Caiyong classification-flotation process of Ceramic Institutes Of Jingdezhen; from Fuzhou City's kaoline tailing, sub-elect mica; feldspar; concentrate such as quartz and porcelain mud; as pottery, glass silica brick, the raw material (research of kaolin mine tailing classification-floatation process that the some welding rod is produced; mineral products protection and utilization, 1997 (2): 27-31).The Ou Keying of Ceramic Institutes Of Jingdezhen sub-elects the industrial feldspar that fully utilizes from kaoline tailing, series of products such as mica (research of kaoline tailing comprehensive utilization process, ceramic journal, 1997,18 (1): 6-17).The patent No. be US5147458 U.S. Patent Publication a kind ofly use high TiO
2/ Fe
2O
3Content kaolin waste materials produces the lower pigment of a kind of colourity through separation.These methods generally are clay minerals tailings directly to be added in the card breaker disperse, and sorting is reclaimed again.But, cause and reclaim difficulty because combination closely can not disperse in card breaker fully between the various mineral.And generally adopting the method for flotation, cost is than higher, and floating agent causes environmental pollution easily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of clay minerals tailings disintegrating method, solves mine tailing easy disintegrating problem of disperseing not in utilizing process.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of clay minerals tailings disintegrating method, pouring clay minerals tailings into the degree of depth is in 2～2.5 meters the disintegration pond, adding quality is the dispersion medicament of clay minerals tailings 0.3～0.8%, described dispersion medicament is the mixture of calgon, Sodium Polyacrylate and waterglass, the mass ratio of calgon, Sodium Polyacrylate and waterglass is 1: 0.9～1.1: 3.8～4.2, wherein, waterglass is regulated pH value to 7～7.5 of mine tailing; Mine tailing experienced for 0.5～1 year under the acting in conjunction that disperses medicament and sunlight disperse tailings disintegrating.
Related content in the technique scheme is explained as follows:
1, in the such scheme, the disintegration pond is that cement casting forms, and the bottom is a rectangle, and the degree of depth is a 2-2.5 rice, can build a plurality of disintegrations pond respectively and be convenient to the different batches mine tailing and deposit.Since in the mine tailing stacking process, sunkissed influence, and the disintegration degree of mine tailing upper and lower is different.Find that after deliberation under solar radiation, the tailings disintegrating degree more than the degree of depth 2-2.5 rice is higher, so the 2-2.5 rice of disintegration pond height is comparatively suitable.Can improve the disintegration degree of mine tailing, reduce floor space again to greatest extent.
2, in the such scheme, (DC, molecular formula is [C to Sodium Polyacrylate
3H
3O
2Na] n) polyacrylic acid ion after the disassociation can enter mineral and dissociate between the face, carry out physics or chemisorption with mineral grain, make the mineral face that dissociates produce electric charge intensive (polyacrylic acid ion band negative electricity), thereby form electric double layer and make and produce repulsion between particle at the mineral face that dissociates, make it to be combined into bulky grain and be stripped from.Repulsive interaction between the particle makes and has the intensive particle of negative electrical charge be in the suspended dispersed state in water, and Here it is Sodium Polyacrylate is to the peptizaiton of dissociating of mineral.The dispersion effect persistence of Sodium Polyacrylate is good, but its moment dispersibility relatively poor.
2, in the such scheme, calgon (molecular formula: (NaPO
3)
6) the mechanism of action and Sodium Polyacrylate similar, it also is to rely on electronegative metaphosphoric acid ion to enter mineral to dissociate face and reach the peptizaiton of dissociating to mineral.The moment dispersion effect of calgon is fine, but after placing a period of time, the dispersion effect variation.
3, in the such scheme, waterglass (molecular formula: Na
2OmSiO
2) the pH value that is mainly used to regulate mine tailing, also have certain dispersion effect simultaneously.It is acid that clay minerals tailings generally is, and need its pH value be adjusted to 7-7.5 with waterglass, and at this moment, the interfacial free energy between each component mineral of mine tailing is more weak, helps peeling off between the mineral.When calgon: Sodium Polyacrylate (DC): during waterglass=1: 1: 4, it is best that it peels off dispersion effect.Because the dispersant in the mine tailing in residual the part raw ore ore dressing process, the dispersant addition is 0.3-0.8% in disintegrating procedue.
4, in the such scheme, described disintegration is meant that mine tailing has only the variation of physical state and do not have the destruction of remarkable chemical change in efflorescence, mainly be cold season and round the clock between variations in temperature, make the continuous breathing of particle in the rock and take place loose.Water freezes repeatedly and melts or electronics repulsion that some reagent produce also can make catalase in the rock fracture.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
1, the present invention utilizes the natural slacking to mineral such as sunlight, temperature, and the absorption, infiltration and the erosion that disperse medicament that mineral are dissociated face, makes clay minerals tailings produce the effect of nature disintegration under cycle regular hour.Can improve the degree of scatter of various mineral in the clay minerals tailings.Find that through sieve test the clay minerals tailings after the disintegration technical finesse-0.16mm granule content is increased to 65.8% from 51.4%, each mineral constituent degree of scatter obviously improves in the mine tailing.
2, the present invention carries out disintegration to various mineral in conjunction with mine tailing more closely and disperses, and good through the mine tailing of the disintegration dispersion treatment dispersion effect that dissociates in smashing the slurry process, various valuable minerals reclaim easily in the mine tailing thereby make, and cost recovery is low.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: a kind of clay minerals tailings disintegrating method
Pouring clay minerals tailings into the degree of depth is in 2.1 meters the disintegration pond, adding quality is the dispersion medicament of clay minerals tailings 0.39%, described dispersion medicament is the mixture of calgon, Sodium Polyacrylate and waterglass, the mass ratio of calgon, Sodium Polyacrylate and waterglass is 1: 0.9: 4, wherein, waterglass is regulated the pH value to 7.4 of mine tailing; Mine tailing 0.8 year of experience under the acting in conjunction that disperses medicament and sunlight is disperseed tailings disintegrating.
Embodiment two: a kind of clay minerals tailings disintegrating method
Pouring clay minerals tailings into the degree of depth is in 2.4 meters the disintegration pond, adding quality is the dispersion medicament of clay minerals tailings 0.75%, described dispersion medicament is the mixture of calgon, Sodium Polyacrylate and waterglass, the mass ratio of calgon, Sodium Polyacrylate and waterglass is 1: 1.1: 4.1, wherein, waterglass is regulated the pH value to 7.3 of mine tailing; Mine tailing 0.6 year of experience under the acting in conjunction that disperses medicament and sunlight is disperseed tailings disintegrating.
Embodiment three: clay minerals tailings disintegrating method
The clay minerals tailings that will obtain after ore dressing is poured in the disintegration pond of building up, and bottom, disintegration pond is square, and the degree of depth is 2.3 meters, can build one or more disintegration ponds on demand.Find through sieve test this moment, in the clay minerals tailings-particle of 0.16mm is 51.4%, the particle of-0.63mm is 91.1%.
Add 0.55% dispersion medicament in clay minerals tailings, each set of dispense of dispersant is than being calgon: DC (Sodium Polyacrylate): waterglass=1: 1: 4 makes pH value=7.2 of clay minerals tailings.
Clay minerals tailings is open-air the placement 1 year in the disintegration pond, reached disintegration week after date, was poured in the card breaker.Find through sieve test this moment, in the clay minerals tailings-particle of 0.16mm is 65.8%, the particle of-0.63mm is 94.5%.
The foregoing description only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the personage who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All equivalences that spirit essence is done according to the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
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| CNB2008100232075A CN100551540C (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2008-04-02 | Clay minerals tailings disintegrating method |
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| CNB2008100232075A CN100551540C (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2008-04-02 | Clay minerals tailings disintegrating method |
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| CN101249467A CN101249467A (en) | 2008-08-27 |
| CN100551540C true CN100551540C (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 《对高岭土尾矿的综合利用》. 陈世华.. * |
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| CN101249467A (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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Owner name: LONGYAN KAOLIN CLAY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CHINA KAOLIN CORP. Effective date: 20120207 |
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Effective date of registration: 20120207 Address after: 364000 No. 154-13 East Road, Longyan, Fujian Patentee after: Longyan Kaolin Clay Co., Ltd. Address before: 215151 Jiangsu city of Suzhou province high tech Zone Hushuguan Alex Bridge Patentee before: China Kaolin Corp. |
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Address after: 364000 No. 154-13 East Road, Longyan, Fujian Patentee after: Longyan kaolin Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 364000 No. 154-13 East Road, Longyan, Fujian Patentee before: Longyan Kaolin Clay Co., Ltd. |
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