CN100551519C - With bead silica gel is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier - Google Patents
With bead silica gel is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
With bead silica gel is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier, what relate to a kind of high-ratio surface is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel, this method be with the porous small ball silica gel of moulding under nitrogen protection, heating counterflow condition and the organic solvent solution reaction of butyl titanate; Bead silica gel oven dry with the unformed titanium dioxide of load of gained is soaked in the hydrochloric acid solution of potassium ferrocyanide; Reaction 12～24h, what get high-ratio surface is the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel.The load capacity of ferrous titanium cyanide potassium is adjustable in this material, and is strong to the nucleic ion adsorption capacity, the specific surface height, and the particle good sphericity is difficult for fragmentation, the excessive problem of bed water resistance of having avoided independent use ferrocyanide titanium potassium particle to cause; And because the existence of Ti-O-Si covalent bond, ferrocyanide titanium potassium particle and bead silica gel are difficult for running off in process for the treatment of waste water in conjunction with closely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of radionuclide ion absorbing material, particularly a kind of is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel, belongs to material preparation and radioactive wastewater processing technology field.
Background technology
The energy policy of China changes " develop actively nuclear power " into from " optimum development nuclear power ".To the year two thousand twenty, domestic nuclear power installed capacity will be risen to by 8,000,000 present kW about 4,000 ten thousand kW.The year two thousand twenty also has bigger development later on.Can the radioactive wastewater that nuclear industry produced properly be disposed is one of key link that is related to nuclear safety.Research and development are efficient, the radioactive wastewater treatment technology of high selectivity, realize the refuse small quantization to the full extent, are the very significant work in nuclear industry field.The processing of radioactive wastewater method commonly used has following several:
1) evaporation concentration method: radioactive wastewater steams raffinate and solidifies the back disposal after evaporation and concentration is handled, and distillate discharges after ion exchange resin treatment.This method energy consumption is big, and because radioactive wastewater salt content height is very serious to the corrosion of vaporising device.
2) natural aluminosilicate hydrochlorate facture, this method is that the natural aluminosilicate hydrochlorate that adopts kaolin, rectorite, vermiculite etc. to have certain ion-exchange capacity is handled radioactive wastewater, in the hope of the radionuclide ion is fixed on these material internals, finish processing to waste water.Yet these material ion-exchange capacities are limited, and poor to the nucleic ion selectivity, produce a large amount of radwastes, need further to handle to dispose.
3) zeolite process: natural zeolite or artificial synthetic zeolite have suitable rule space structure, can the adsorption treatment radionuclide.Zeolite can reach 2meq/g to the exchange capacity of Cs in theory, but other ion such as potassium ion in the reality, can the strong removal of disturbing Cs, cause the adsorption capacity of zeolite very low, the per kilogram zeolite only can be handled 10 kilograms of waste water.Because adsorbent can not be regenerated during radioactive wastewater was handled, therefore a large amount of radwaste that produces needs further to handle to dispose.
4) ion exchange resin treatment method: at present China's nuclear facilities ion exchange resin of being used for handling low radioactive waste liquid mostly is the strong acid and strong base type that SDEB styrene diethylenebenzene is a matrix.Generally, the adsorption capacity utilization rate less than 30% of resin.Radionuclide in the resin centering low radioactive waste liquid lacks enough selectivity, and the disposable use of resin is not regenerated, so the radioactive spent resin generation is big, and the later stage disposal costs is quite surprising.In addition, resin is an organic material, and radiation-resistant property is poor, and irradiation decomposes may produce hydrogen, becomes the major hidden danger of radioactive spent resin long-term storage.
5) ammonium phosphomolybdate facture: ammonium phosphomolybdate is to Cs
+Selectivity with height, however ammonium phosphomolybdate is tiny crystallite, can't carry out the packed bed operation, and this has seriously limited its commercial Application.People such as Sun Zhaoxiang have prepared ammonium phosphomolybdate and tetravalent metal phosphate (as Ti, Zr, Sb etc.) hybrid material, granulating (ion-exchange and absorption, 12,44-49,1996 of having realized ammonium phosphomolybdate; Nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry, 21,76-82,1999; Beijing Normal University's journal: natural science edition, 27,339-343,1991), but introduces comparatively expensive tetravalent metal, increased cost.From the technical report that the radwaste of International Atomic Energy Agency's issue in 2002 is handled, the ammonium phosphomolybdate series material does not also obtain large-scale practical application in radioactive wastewater is handled.
6) ferrocyanide facture: the ferrocyanide of being fixed by transition metal is to radioactive Cs
+, Sr
2+Ion has good selectivity absorbability.At Na
+Under the situation of concentration 5mol/L, such material is for Cs
+Selectivity factor (at Na
+) reach 1500000 (Nuclear Science and Engineering, 137,206-214,2001).Yet ferrocyanide granule interior mass transfer condition is poor, and adsorption capacity often can not be utilized (nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry, 23,108-113,2001) fully.Ferrocyanide loaded on the porous material carrier can improve the mass transfer dynamics condition.Mardan has studied the employing solvent evaporated method, and the porous silica that adopts moulding is as carrier, fixedly K
2[CoFe (CN)
6] (Separation and PurificationTechnology 16,147-158,1999), its high capacity amount has only 1.36g-K
2[CoFe (CN)
6]/g-SiO
2, and need be with solvent evaporation step repeated multiple times, complex steps needs to consume a large amount of organic solvents, and the possibility of practical application is little, (Talanta, 17-23,955,1970).Wang Qiuping etc. adopt the method for co-precipitation to prepare multiple materials such as calcium ferrocyanide potassium, zinc ferrocyanide potassium, manganous ferrocyanide potassium under acid condition, all has Cs ion adsorption capacity preferably, but all owing to the stability of particle is not good, breaking and Dusting in practical operation easily, can't be used to radiate processing (ion-exchange and the absorption of waste water, 16 (3), 225～233,2000).(Talanta 1970,17,955-963) and Konecny (Radioanal.Chem. for Terada, 1973,14,255-266) all reported potassium ferrocyanide has been fixed on earlier in the silica dioxide gel, be translated into the method for ferrocyanide absorbent again with transition metal ions.Yet, because conversion reaction is carried out in the hole of silica, so its speed is extremely slow, need to use excessive greatly metal ion, and the product component of conversion reaction is difficult to control, in addition because conversion reaction is difficult to carry out fully, can not prevent in the silica dioxide gel that the part potassium ferrocyanide is leached and runs off in the ion absorption process.
(nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry 1995,17 (2) 99-104) wait the method for the creationary employing urea of people aldehyde condensation with TiCl for Jiang Changyin, Song Chongli
4Be made as TiO
2Bead is then with this TiO
2Bead is immersed in the mixture of potassium ferrocyanide (0.7M) and hydrochloric acid (1M), thereby obtains spherical ferrocyanide titanium potassium absorbing material, and preamble is addressed: the not high (14m of this material specific surface
2/ g), inner duct seldom, so the absorption of caesium is only concentrated in the thin layer of particle surface; In addition, this material particle size is not too even, in use has part and takes place broken.Moreover this material internal can not solidify with the method for heat-agglomerating commonly used after cesium ion absorption is saturated because urea-formaldehyde condensates arranged, because common NO in the radioactive wastewater
3 -Ion can oxidation under heating condition wherein urea aldehyde organic matter and blast.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome ferrocyanide granulation difficulty in the prior art, granule strength is not high, specific surface is low shortcoming, utilize ready-made high-ratio surface bead silica gel to be carrier, develop the method that a kind of preparation does not contain organic matter and has the ferrocyanide titanium potassium material of high-ratio surface, guarantee that simultaneously material has good sphericity, also has high adsorption capacity and selectivity.
The objective of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
With bead silica gel is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier, it is characterized in that this method carries out as follows:
1) with unformed titanium dichloride load in bead silica gel duct
Butyl titanate is dissolved in the organic solvent, and butyl titanate is 1: 5～20 with the volume of organic solvent ratio; Bead silica gel is added in the organic solvent, and the quality of bead silica gel and the mass ratio of the butyl titanate in the system are 1: 0.85～4.3; Be heated to backflow under nitrogen protection, reaction temperature is controlled at the boiling point of used organic solvent, behind reaction 2～24h bead silica gel is leached, and washs with n-hexane; In air atmosphere, dry to constant weight for 80～100 ℃, get the bead silica gel of the unformed titanium dioxide of white or lurid load;
2) the unformed titanium dioxide in the bead silica gel is converted into ferrocyanide titanium potassium
The bead silica gel of the unformed titanium dioxide of load of step 1) gained is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of potassium ferrocyanide, stir reaction 12～24h down, then fully wash this bead silica gel with deionized water, to flushing liquor be colourless till, what obtain black and blue color is the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel.
In the such scheme, the specific surface of the bead silica gel that is adopted in the described step 1) is at 180～700m
2Between/the g, aperture 2nm～15nm, pore volume 0.29ml/g～0.76ml/g, granularity is between 1mm～6mm.Organic solvent in the described step 1) is one or more the mixture in n-hexane, cyclohexane, ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone and the oxolane.The hydrochloric acid solution of the potassium ferrocyanide described step 2), wherein the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M～1M, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5M～1M.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and the high-lighting effect:
This method has avoided employing to be difficult for balling-up and the lower titanium dioxide of specific surface is done carrier, is carrier but adopt particle good sphericity, intensity height, bead silica gel cheap and easy to get, that acid resistance is high; Products obtained therefrom has uniform grain sizes and good ball degree, and the intensity height, is difficult for the efflorescence fragmentation.For the report of other load ferrocyanides in the middle of porous material, the innovation part of this research is to adopt the fixedly metal ion of potassium ferrocyanide of Ti ion conduct, this has made full use of two special natures of titanium, first, under the anhydrous condition, the adsorbed water generation hydrolysis of butyl titanate and silica surface, and the titanium oxide of gained can form homogeneous film on the wall in the inner duct of porous small ball silica gel, and the Si-OH by Ti-OH and surface, bead silica gel duct carries out dehydrating condensation and forms firm Si-O-Ti covalent bond, and this ferrocyanide titanium potassium that can avoid for second step generated is washed away when handling radioactive wastewater to come off.The second, this titanium deoxid film can utilize on it as yet not fixedly potassium ferrocyanide and obtain ferrocyanide titanium potassium of the active Ti ion of complete hydrolysis condensation.The bead silica gel that this method obtained is that the ferrocyanide titanium potassium hybrid material of carrier has the following advantages: (a) the potassium ferrocyanide load capacity is adjustable: 4%～30%.(b) the ferrocyanide titanium potassium in the material forms the covering thin layer with the form of fine particle on the wall in the duct, inside of bead silica gel, very big reaction surface is provided for the reaction that absorbs cesium ion.Can improve the adsorption dynamics adsorption kinetics condition, improve the rate of adsorption.(c) prepared bead silica gel is that the ferrocyanide titanium potassium hybrid material of carrier has good sphericity and very high intensity, and the phenomenon of broken and efflorescence even loss can not take place in the packed bed the inside.(d) the prepared material of the present invention had both been brought into play nanoscale ferrocyanide titanium potassium absorption property efficiently, had satisfied the particle size and the intensity of packed bed action need again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: preparation bead silica gel is the process chart of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier.
The specific embodiment
Provided by the invention is the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel, and its concrete processing step is as follows:
1) with unformed titanium dichloride load in bead silica gel duct
Butyl titanate is dissolved in the organic solvent, and butyl titanate is 1: 5～20 with the volume of organic solvent ratio; Bead silica gel is added in the organic solvent, and the quality of bead silica gel and the mass ratio of the butyl titanate in the system are 1: 0.85～4.3; Be heated to backflow under nitrogen protection, reaction temperature is controlled at the boiling point of used organic solvent, behind reaction 2～24h bead silica gel is leached, and washs with n-hexane; In air atmosphere, dry to constant weight for 80～100 ℃, get the bead silica gel of the unformed titanium dioxide of white or lurid load; The specific surface of the bead silica gel that is adopted is at 180～700m
2Between/the g, aperture 2nm～15nm, pore volume 0.29ml/g～0.76ml/g, granularity is between 1mm～6mm; Organic solvent is one or more the mixture in n-hexane, cyclohexane, ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone and the oxolane.
2) the unformed titanium dioxide in the bead silica gel is converted into ferrocyanide titanium potassium
The bead silica gel of the unformed titanium dioxide of load of step 1) gained is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of potassium ferrocyanide, stir reaction 12～24h down, then fully wash this bead silica gel with deionized water, to flushing liquor be colourless till, what obtain black and blue color is the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel.The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution of described potassium ferrocyanide: the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M～1M, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5M～1M.
Provide several specific embodiments to further specify the present invention below.
Embodiment 1:
With 10g gross porosity bead silica gel, its specific surface is 184.9m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.565mL/g, and average pore size is 12.23nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 8.5g butyl titanate and 170mL cyclohexane; 80 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 2h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 2% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 100mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 1M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 24hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 4% (quality).
Embodiment 2:
With 10g gross porosity bead silica gel, its specific surface is 184.9m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.565mL/g, and average pore size is 12.23nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 43g butyl titanate and 215mL n-hexane; 78 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 8% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 150mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 24hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 23% (quality).
Embodiment 3:
10g is used for the bead silica gel of catalyst carrier, and its specific surface is 700m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.35mL/g, and average pore size is 2nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 42.6g butyl titanate and 210mL absolute ethyl alcohol; 79 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 10% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 150mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5M, stir reaction 12hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 30% (quality).
Embodiment 4:
10g is used for the bead silica gel of catalyst carrier, and its specific surface is 700m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.35mL/g, and average pore size is 2nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 20g butyl titanate and 200mL anhydrous propanone; 60 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 7.5% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 150mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 14hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 21% (quality).
Embodiment 5:
With 50g gross porosity bead silica gel, its specific surface is 202m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.76mL/g, and average pore size is 15nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 100g butyl titanate and 1000mL absolute methanol; 65 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 5.5% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 500mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.7M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 24hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 19% (quality).
Embodiment 6:
With 20g gross porosity bead silica gel, its specific surface is 202m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.76mL/g, and average pore size is 15nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 30g butyl titanate and 400mL anhydrous tetrahydro furan; 68 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 4% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 200mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 1M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 24hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 12.5% (quality).
Embodiment 7:
With 10g pore bead silica gel, its specific surface is 580m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.29mL/g, and average pore size is 2nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 43g butyl titanate and 250mL cyclohexane; 80 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 9% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 120mL potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 24hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 24% (quality).
Embodiment 8:
With 1000g gross porosity bead silica gel, its specific surface is 202m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.76mL/g, and average pore size is 15nm.This bead silica gel is eluriated in water totally, and 90 ℃ of oven dry 10h add 2000g butyl titanate and 10L absolute ethyl alcohol; 79 ℃ add hot reflux under nitrogen protection; behind the reaction 24h bead is leached, dry to constant weight under 80 ℃ in the air, its titanium dichloride load amount is 7% (quality).Bead silica gel with this carried titanium dioxide is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of 1L potassium ferrocyanide again, the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 1M, concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1M, stir reaction 24hr down, fully wash with deionized water again, obtain black and blue color ferrocyanide titanium potassium/bead silica gel hybrid material, the load capacity of its ferrocyanide titanium potassium is in 24.5% (quality).
Claims (1)
1, be the preparation method of the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel, it is characterized in that this method carries out as follows:
1) butyl titanate is dissolved in the organic solvent, butyl titanate is 1: 5～20 with the volume of organic solvent ratio; Bead silica gel is added in the organic solvent, and the quality of bead silica gel and the mass ratio of the butyl titanate in the system are 1: 0.85～4.3; Be heated to backflow under nitrogen protection, reaction temperature is controlled at the boiling point of used organic solvent, behind reaction 2～24h bead silica gel is leached, and washs with n-hexane; In air atmosphere, dry to constant weight for 80～100 ℃, get the bead silica gel of the unformed titanium dioxide of white or lurid load; The specific area of the bead silica gel that is adopted is at 180～700m
2Between/the g, between the 2nm～15nm of aperture, between pore volume 0.29ml/g～0.76ml/g, granularity is between 1mm～6mm; Described organic solvent is one or more the mixture in n-hexane, cyclohexane, ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone and the oxolane;
2) the bead silica gel with the unformed titanium dioxide of load of step 1) gained is immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution of potassium ferrocyanide, stir reaction 12～24h down, then fully wash this bead silica gel with deionized water, to flushing liquor be colourless till, what obtain black and blue color is the ferrocyanide titanium potassium of carrier with bead silica gel; Wherein the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide is 0.5M～1M, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5M～1M.
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| FR2937634B1 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2011-09-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATING A LIQUID EFFLUENT COMPRISING ONE OR MORE RADIOACTIVE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS BY FLUIDIZED BED TREATMENT |
| CN102664052A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-12 | 四川大学 | Method for treating radioactive pollutant in water body by using biological adsorbent made of nano mushroom |
| CN102794153B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-06-04 | 清华大学 | Compound ferrous iron cyanide titanium potassium magnetic ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN102774924A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-14 | 清华大学 | Method for removing radiocesium 137 with titanium potassium ferrocyanide spherical particles |
| CN105597660A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-25 | 清华大学 | Preparing method of particle caesium removing inorganic ion adsorbent and product and application |
| CN106552602B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-05-21 | 北京师范大学 | It is a kind of for adsorbing the preparation method of the composite adsorbing material of rubidium cesium ion |
| CN107649111A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-02-02 | 东莞市鑫益电子科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of modified silica-gel |
| EP3789110A1 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-10 | Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute | Radionuclide adsorbent, method of preparing the same and method of removing radionuclide using the same |
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