CN100546687C - Continuous volume expanding evaporator and using method thereof - Google Patents
Continuous volume expanding evaporator and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100546687C CN100546687C CNB2007101333721A CN200710133372A CN100546687C CN 100546687 C CN100546687 C CN 100546687C CN B2007101333721 A CNB2007101333721 A CN B2007101333721A CN 200710133372 A CN200710133372 A CN 200710133372A CN 100546687 C CN100546687 C CN 100546687C
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a kind of equipment that concentrates chemical liquid and recycle chemical products that distills, continuous volume expanding evaporator and the using method thereof utilized again after the specifically a kind of light alkali that gives up can being concentrated.According to technical scheme provided by the invention, several dilatation unit are arranged in the dilatation body, in a side of dilatation body the heat extraction chamber is set, the output of heat extraction chamber connects after-heater, and the outlet of big liquid trap and concentrated base is set on boiling-house; In each dilatation unit, reach the indoor top of heat extraction condenser is set; On each dilatation unit, gutter spout funnel is arranged, the condensate pipe that is communicated with condensed water bucket is set on the gutter spout funnel, useless light alkali inlet tube is set under the heat extraction chamber, on the condenser of first order dilatation unit, be provided with outside the feed tube that is communicated with of heater, the discharging tube of outer heater is communicated with the evaporating pan of first order dilatation unit, and outer heater adopts steam trap that condensed water in the heater is discharged.The present invention can be used for reclaiming and utilizing chemical liquid, reduces environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of equipment that concentrates chemical liquid and recycle chemical products that distills, continuous volume expanding evaporator and the using method thereof utilized again after the specifically a kind of light alkali that gives up can being concentrated.
Background technology
PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator is a kind of negative pressure evaporation concentrator.Be applicable to that the useless light alkali of printing and dyeing enterprise concentrates utilization again and the chemical industry distillation concentrates chemical liquid.So-called dilatation, be exactly its mainly act on be certain liquid under given conditions, discharge suddenly by the back of pressurizeing, produce the dilatation effect, evaporimeter is to produce vaporization under certain condition, makes the steam evaporation, steam separates, and makes liquid concentration arrive desirable concentration.
Printing and dyeing enterprise in process of production, having together must be through technology---mercerising, by just reaching the technological requirement of cloth cover behind the mercerising, product quality just can improve.Yet in the mercerising process, can produce a large amount of waste liquid alkali,, both waste energy, cause environmental pollution again, and the pH value that has increased sewage disposal exceeds standard and neutralize and intractability with acid, be unfavorable for society and environmental protection as in time not reclaiming.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of continuous volume expanding evaporator and using method thereof,, reduce environmental pollution so that reclaim and utilize chemical liquid.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, several dilatation unit are arranged in the dilatation body, in a side of dilatation body the heat extraction chamber is set, the output of heat extraction chamber connects after-heater, and the outlet of big liquid trap and concentrated base is set on boiling-house; In each dilatation unit, reach the indoor top of heat extraction condenser is set, bottom in each dilatation unit is provided with evaporating pan, utilize condenser pipe to be interconnected between the condenser of adjacent two dilatation unit, the evaporating pan of adjacent two dilatation unit utilizes mozzle to be interconnected; On each dilatation unit, gutter spout funnel is arranged, the condensate pipe that is communicated with condensed water bucket is set on the gutter spout funnel, useless light alkali inlet tube is set under the heat extraction chamber, on the condenser of first order dilatation unit, be provided with outside the feed tube that is communicated with of heater, the discharging tube of outer heater is communicated with the evaporating pan of first order dilatation unit, and outer heater adopts steam trap that condensed water in the heater is discharged.
Output at big liquid trap utilizes pipeline to connect water ejector, and the import of this water ejector is connected with jet pump, and outlet is provided for connecting the pipeline in pond, and the output of big liquid trap is connected with its negative pressure mouth.Utilize pipeline to connect spray pump and concentrated base circulation bucket on boiling-house, spray pump and concentrated base circulation bucket interconnect.
Bottom in each dilatation unit is provided with blow-off line; The condenser of each dilatation unit utilizes condenser pipe to interconnect from left to right successively; The evaporating pan of each dilatation unit utilizes mozzle to connect successively from right to left; Between adjacent two dilatation unit the vacuum tandem tube is set, installation is used to regulate the adjustment sheet of vacuum on every vacuum tandem tube.
In the dilatation unit, a side of condenser is provided with water fender, and the water reception tank of collecting condensed water is set above the inwall of dilatation unit, water fender, and the deflector that guides flow action has been set between water reception tank and water fender, and gutter spout funnel is set behind water fender.One end of mozzle points to the bottom of dilatation unit, and the end of this end is lower than the bottom of evaporating pan; The upper end of mozzle is connected with evaporating pan in the next stage dilatation unit; Bottom at evaporating pan is provided with aperture.Utilize pipeline to connect circulating pump is connected with the condenser inlet end in bottom, heat extraction chamber.
The method of continuous volume expanding evaporation comprises:
A, vacuumize: with jet pump water under high pressure is flowed to water ejector, water under high pressure is gone into Venturi tube in the nozzle ejection on water ejector top, according to jet current principle, air is taken away, and makes continuous volume expanding evaporator produce negative pressure;
B, condensation: weak lye enters under the effect of negative pressure in the last level dilatation unit, send in the condenser by circulating pump, enter in subordinate's condenser by condenser pipe one by one successively then, evaporate by entering in the dilatation unit after the heating, the condensed water of generation is sent in the condensed water bucket after collecting again;
C, heating: heater outside the weak lye of condenser preheating enters is elevated to 120 ℃ to the weak lye temperature;
D, evaporation: the weak lye after the heating is admitted in the evaporating pan of bottom, first order dilatation unit, and some apertures are arranged at the bottom of evaporating pan, makes the alkali lye that has evaporated behind a part of water flow into the bottom of dilatation unit in the aperture of evaporating pan; And enter in the evaporating pan of adjacent next stage dilatation unit via mozzle one by one successively;
E, heat extraction: the alkali lye behind pervaporation in the end the output of level dilatation unit 14 to be introduced heat extraction by its mozzle indoor, carry out heat extraction in that heat extraction is indoor; The steam that will not condense into condensed water after will partly vaporizing is simultaneously sent in the after-heater;
F, boiling: utilize indoor 70～90 ℃ of alkali lye that the incondensable gas ebuillition of heated is indoor of heat extraction;
G, catch liquid: enter in the cyclonic separation liquid trap through the water vapour after the boiling, utilize the proportion principle of alkali and water, alkali is separated mutually with water, wherein water is brought in the pond by water ejector, and the concentrated base that stays exports through concentrated base and is back to boiling-house; Steam is simultaneously along with water is outwards run out of, and not have the alkali lye of separation then to reflux in the boiling-house.
Before vacuumizing, regulate earlier vacuum: vacuumize the certain vacuum of back generation by water ejector flash-boiling evaporators in, make by adjusting that to produce certain vacuum successively between first order dilatation unit to final stage dilatation unit poor; And dried up injector distance is near more, and vacuum is high more, and vacuum far away more is low more.
Before heat extraction, circulate again: utilize circulating pump will be delivered to the condenser inlet of last level dilatation unit once more, alkali lye is circulated in intrinsic each dilatation unit of dilatation once more one by one through the alkali lye after the evaporator evaporation of last level dilatation unit; In each circulation, all carry out heat treated by outer heater; Carry out concentrated base circulation behind the liquid again catching: during in evaporation, for the alkali lye that does not reach desired concn, carry out spraying and sprinkling evaporation by spray pump and concentrated base circulation bucket and boiling-house once more, to improve the concentration of alkali lye, the alkali lye that reaches concentration is then by concentrated base outlet discharge.
Advantage of the present invention is: after utilizing this device, can effectively improve the ability of handling salkali waste and reduce environmental pollution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the dilatation cell schematics.
The specific embodiment
As shown in the figure: several dilatation unit 14 are arranged in dilatation body 8, in a side of dilatation body 8 heat extraction chamber 5 is set, the output of heat extraction chamber 5 connects after-heater 4, and big liquid trap 3 and concentrated base outlet 25 is set on boiling-house 2; The top that reaches in the heat extraction chamber 5 in each dilatation unit 14 is provided with condenser 28, bottom in each dilatation unit 14 is provided with evaporating pan 32,28 of the condensers of adjacent two dilatation unit 14 utilize condenser pipe 7 to be interconnected, and the evaporating pan 32 of adjacent two dilatation unit 14 utilizes mozzle 33 to be interconnected; On each dilatation unit 14, gutter spout funnel 36 is arranged, the condensate pipe 30 that is communicated with condensed water bucket 18 is set on the gutter spout funnel 36, useless light alkali inlet tube 16 is set for 5 times in the heat extraction chamber, on the condenser 28 of first order dilatation unit 14, be provided with outside the feed tube 12 that is communicated with of heater 11, the discharging tube 9 of outer heater 11 is communicated with the evaporating pan 32 of first order dilatation unit 14, and outer heater adopts steam trap that condensed water in the heater is discharged.
Output at big liquid trap 3 utilizes pipeline to connect water ejector 1, and the import of this water ejector 1 is connected with jet pump 23, and outlet is provided for connecting the pipeline in pond 24, and the output of big liquid trap 3 is connected with its negative pressure mouth.Utilize pipeline to connect spray pump 21 and concentrated base circulation bucket 20 on boiling-house 2, spray pump 21 interconnects with concentrated base circulation bucket 20.
In the bottom of each dilatation unit 14 blow-off line 34 is set; The condenser 28 of each dilatation unit 14 utilizes condenser pipe 7 to interconnect from left to right successively; The evaporating pan 32 of each dilatation unit 14 utilizes mozzle 33 to connect successively from right to left; 14 of adjacent two dilatation unit vacuum tandem tube 31 is set, installation is used to regulate the adjustment sheet of vacuum on every vacuum tandem tube 31.
In dilatation unit 14, one side of condenser 28 is provided with water fender 29, the water reception tank 27 of collecting condensed water is set above the inwall of dilatation unit 14, water fender 29, the deflector 35 that guides flow action has been set, gutter spout funnel 36 is set behind water fender 29 at water reception tank 27 and 29 of water fenders.
One end of mozzle 33 points to the bottom of dilatation unit 14, and the end of this end is lower than the bottom of evaporating pan 32; The upper end of mozzle 33 is connected with evaporating pan 32 in the next stage dilatation unit; Bottom at evaporating pan 32 is provided with aperture.Utilize pipeline to connect circulating pump 19 is connected with condenser 28 arrival ends in 5 bottoms, heat extraction chamber.
The concrete course of work is as follows:
1, preliminary treatment: the salkali waste by the mercerizing range output stores up the alkali jar with being pumped into.Storage alkali jar is generally vertical, and each jar is according to user's field course layout volume size.Carry out filtration treatment with being pumped into filter again, make lye ratio more totally enter flash-boiling evaporators.Control flow with flowmeter when light alkali enters PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator, advance alkali number and be as the criterion by board design treating capacity.
2, vacuumize: with jet pump 23 water under high pressure is flowed to water ejector 1, water under high pressure is gone into Venturi tube in the nozzle ejection on water ejector 1 top, according to jet current principle, air is taken away, and produces negative pressure.Purpose is to make PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator equipment produce negative pressure, and under negative pressure state, the temperature boiling point can reduce a lot, energy savings.Negative pressure numerical value should be more than the 0.09MPe when the highest.
Produce certain vacuum owing to vacuumize the back by water ejector 1 in the equipment, make first order dilatation unit poor by adjusting to producing certain vacuum successively between grade dilatation unit at last, dried up injector distance is near more, vacuum is high more, vacuum far away more is low more, on the vacuum tandem tube 31 in each dilatation unit 14 adjustment sheet is installed, and passes through pivoted eyelid, to change the flow area of vacuum tandem tube 31, it is poor to make dilatations at different levels unit 14 have certain vacuum.
Before vacuumizing, should regulate vacuum earlier: vacuumize the back by water ejector 1 in the flash-boiling evaporators and produce certain vacuum, make by adjusting that to produce certain vacuum successively between first order dilatation unit to final stage dilatation unit poor; And dried up injector 1 distance is near more, and vacuum is high more, and vacuum far away more is low more.
3, condensation: weak lye enters under the effect of negative pressure in the 7th grade of dilatation unit 14.Send in the condenser 28 by circulating pump 19, enter in subordinate's condenser 28 by condenser pipe 7 one by one successively then, evaporate by entering in the dilatation unit 14 after the heating, the condensed water of generation is sent in the condensed water bucket 18 after collecting;
4, heating: after the weak lye of condenser 28 preheatings is being discharged condensed water, on first order dilatation unit 14, utilize outer heater 11 that fluid temperature is elevated to 100 ℃; Because liquid is under the normal temperature situation, temperature is generally 20 ℃, the liquid of 20 ℃ of normal temperature be evaporated, and then still will heat, and could evaporate in the time of more than the temperature to 100 ℃.
5, evaporation: the weak lye after the heating is admitted in the evaporating pan 32 of 14 bottoms, first order dilatation unit, and some apertures are arranged at the bottom of evaporating pan 32, makes the alkali lye that has evaporated behind a part of water flow into the bottom of dilatation unit 14 in the aperture of evaporating pan 32; And enter in the evaporating pan 32 of adjacent next stage dilatation unit 14 via mozzle 33 one by one successively; Main effect is because the effect of circulating pump, the big more easy more evaporation of liquid disengagement area when mobile, evaporimeter is established for increasing disengagement area exactly, a lot of apertures are arranged at the bottom of evaporimeter, liquid is flowed out in the evaporimeter aperture, and liquid during liquid flow and space contact surface are long-pending can to enlarge several times.
6, heat extraction: the output of the level dilatation in the end of the alkali lye behind pervaporation unit 14 is introduced in the heat extraction chamber 5 by its mozzle 33, carries out heat extraction in heat extraction chamber 5; The steam that will not condense into condensed water after will partly vaporizing is simultaneously sent in the after-heater 4; The liquid of vaporization chambers at different levels evaporates after vaporization, but has part vaporization back carbonated drink not enter water fender, does not condense into condensed water along with air draught and discharges.Multi-stage evaporator is to cool off with adding cold water, effluxes after making condensed gas after the vaporization be condensed into water.The surplus carbonated drink that vaporization has been adopted in this dilatation is heating principle again, send into this gas that temperature is lower than this bog and the final stage boiling-house of calorific requirement, 80 ℃ of heat extraction room temperatures, 48 ℃ of boiling-house temperature, be heated to 55 ℃, the purpose of the waste heat of being fully used and energy savings.And be transformed into the heat extraction chamber of reducing the air-flow dead angle in the heat extraction chamber.
7, boiling: utilize the alkali lye in interior 70～90 ℃ of incondensable gas ebuillition of heated chambers 25, heat extraction chamber; The boiling-house operation principle of early stage design is when vacuum 0.09MPe, and temperature though reach the boiling effect, waits other reason owing to running heat at 48 ℃, does not reach original desirable designing requirement.Install residual heat using device additional when existing my company designs, made the boiling-house temperature on former 48 ℃ of bases, brought up to 55 ℃, guaranteed 48 ℃ of satisfied temperatures.
8, catch liquid: enter in the cyclonic separation liquid trap 3 through the water vapour after the boiling, utilize the proportion principle of alkali and water, alkali is separated mutually with water, wherein water is brought in the pond 24 by water ejector 1, and the concentrated base that stays is back to boiling-house 2 through the high alkali liquid outlet; Steam is simultaneously along with water is outwards run out of, and not have the alkali lye of separation then to reflux in the boiling-house 2.In evaporation process, steam after the vaporization and part alkali lye is upwards evaporation simultaneously, owing to draw gas vacuumizing, also can take part alkali lye to outside, the effect of liquid trap is that alkali lye is outwards run out of, and it produces a kind of spiral is whirlwind, utilizes the proportion principle of alkali and water, steam is run out of along with outwards vacuumizing, and alkali lye is then by in the boiling-house 2 that refluxes after the cyclonic separation.
9, circulation: utilize circulating pump 19 will be delivered to the condenser inlet of first order dilatation unit 14 once more through the alkali lye after the evaporator evaporation of last level dilatation unit 14, make in alkali lye each dilatation unit in dilatation body 8 to circulate one by one once more, in each circulation, all carry out heat treated by outer heater 11; Main effect is that liquid is forced to promote with circulating pump 19 in certain working range, delivers to outer heater 11 and carries out heat treated.Liquid after heating enters in the first order of dilatation unit 14, because the effect of vacuum difference is back in the last level dilatation unit 14 import that enters circulating pump 19 again through piping, constantly circulation.Because liquid is circulating, the evaporation rate of dilatations at different levels unit 14 is more high than the static heat exchange.
10, concentrated base circulation: after catching liquid, carry out the concentrated base circulation again, when evaporation,, carry out spraying and sprinkling evaporation by spray pump 21 and concentrated base circulation bucket and boiling-house 2 once more for the alkali lye that does not reach desired concn, to improve the concentration of alkali lye, the alkali lye that reaches concentration is then discharged by concentrated base outlet 25.
PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator is the equipment that moves in the hermetically sealed process, and its technological principle is that rarer liquid is carried out water, alkali lye separation, reaches concentrated effect.
At first utilize water pump feed water ejector 1 to increase pressure, water is passed through in the nozzle high speed of water ejector 1, discharge, the negative pressure of utilizing Venturi tube to produce through Venturi tube, boiling-house, heat extraction chamber and the intrinsic air of dilatation are taken out of in the lump, made and produce negative pressure in the flash chamber.Alkali lye enters under the effect of negative pressure in the first order dilatation unit 14, alkali lye enters by the required design treating capacity of board, heat for simultaneously outer heater, when being warmed to required fluid temperature, the adjustment temperature of heating, generally the highest at 105～110 ℃, carry out heat exchange by circulating pump 19 continuous circulations, make the vaporizing liquid evaporation.The condensed waters at different levels that produce after evaporation are pooled to condensed water bucket 18 and discharge.Sig water reaches take alkali lye is discharged by the concentrated base circulating pump because moisture constantly discharges, and alkali lye is just more and more denseer.
PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator characteristics are as follows:
1, water fender is considered the factors such as transport disengaging height, resistance, dead angle of the back steam flow rate of climb and flow and alkali and the water vapour of being vaporized, and appropriate design goes out certain height makes alkali lye with race outside the evaporation of vaporization back.And reduced by 75% above dead angle, the minimum that air-flow rising resistance is subtracted.The effect of water fender 29 is to make water vapour enter the water fender inside groove when certain altitude, and alkali lye is because proportion relation retaining outside water fender 29, falls back to bottom half.
2, inspection manhole, vaporization chambers at different levels are by after using a period of time heat exchange, can produce fouling, regularly opening manhole, to enter the vaporization chamber maintaining be necessary, my each vaporization chamber of PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator of company's design production all has the maintenance manhole in this respect, maintain easily maintenance and maintenance, service life of equipment is prolonged greatly.The operating efficiency of evaporimeter can not reduce owing to often maintain.
3, the heat extraction chamber 5, and the liquid of vaporization chambers at different levels evaporates after vaporization, but have part vaporization back carbonated drink not enter water fender 29, do not condense into condensed water along with air draught and discharge.Multi-stage evaporator is to cool off with adding cold water, effluxes after making condensed gas after the vaporization be condensed into water.The surplus carbonated drink that the present invention has adopted vaporization is heating principle again, this gas is sent into the final stage boiling-house that temperature is lower than the calorific requirement of this bog, 80 ℃ of heat extraction room temperatures, 48 ℃ of boiling-house temperature, be heated to 55 ℃, the purpose of the waste heat of being fully used and energy savings.And heat extraction chamber 5 is transformed into the heat extraction chamber of reducing the air-flow dead angle.
4, boiling-house, the operation principle when boiling-house 2 designs in early days are when vacuum 0.09MPe, and temperature though reach the boiling effect, waits other reason owing to running heat at 48 ℃, does not reach original desirable designing requirement.The present invention has been installed residual heat using device additional when design, the temperature that makes boiling-house 2 is brought up to 55 ℃ on former 48 ℃ of bases, guarantees 18 ℃ of satisfied temperature scopes.
5, condenser 28, require condensed water not to be with alkali.Focus on design at original condensed water band alkali problem, because the condensed water after the vaporization evaporates in thin liquid alkali, the setting height(from bottom) to water fender 29 during calculating is relatively strict again.Just in case make mistakes or the improper serious band alkali phenomenon that can produce again is installed, both wasted energy like this, again contaminated environment during calculating.The pH value of condensed water is 7.8, and definite condensed water receives rationally.And every grade be equipped with endoscopy glass, makes it can conveniently observe every grade of condensed water effluent characteristics.
6, dilatation body, the main effect of dilatation casing 8 are to vacuumize the generation negative pressure by water ejector 1, and the heating down of the effect of heater 11 outside simultaneously elevates the temperature into and vaporizes under the barotropic condition, reaches the effect that carbonated drink is separated.
PH type continuous volume expanding evaporator and other dilatations are relatively
One, " multistage branch effect " and the contrast of " dilatation-boiling combined method " evaporation technique
" 1.1 multistage branch effect " evaporation technique
The dilatation evaporation is meant high-temperature liquid under the condition of decrease temperature and pressure, produces the method for partially liq vaporization.With multi-step grouping, solution of each group has the independently circulatory system of one's own, and then the concentration of solution can be divided into different class, and preceding group solution concentration is low slightly, and the solution concentration of back group is high slightly, and to the last the concentration in one group reaches the standard concentration of discharging.The way of this grouping can improve the efficient of dilatation evaporation, also can change the condition that high alkali liquid causes the carbon steel caustic cracking, mitigate corrosion.Be grouped in and be accustomed in the evaporation technique being called the branch effect, so be called " multistage branch effect " method.
The evaporimeter of employing " multistage branch effect " increases than the progression of the flash-boiling evaporators at initial stage, and mending has increased a circulatory system circulating pump.On using, following characteristics are arranged: do not shut down in the time of discharging concentrated base continuously; Steam-water ratio significantly improves, and saves steam: it is 85 ℃ that the maximum temperature that alleviates concentrated solution is corroded in the caustic cracking of carbon steel, and in the flash-boiling evaporators of incunabulum, the temperature of high alkali liquid will reach more than 100 ℃.Embrittlement alleviated when temperature was low.
15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators are by 10 grades of flash-boiling evaporators in front, are called " preceding effect " and 5 grades of another flash-boiling evaporators, are called " aftereffect " and are in series.The evaporating temperature scope of " aftereffect " is 28 ℃, and its alkali lye internal circulating load is 1/2 of a preceding effect, the corresponding minimizing of evaporation capacity, and evaporation effective temperature scope gets 10.5 ℃ divided by warm end temperature difference, and the theoretical steam-water ratio that obtains " aftereffect " is 1: 1.33.
Nine grades of combined-type evaporators are combined by 8 flash vessel chambers and 1 boiling-house, this is the independently developed evaporation technique of China, it is a kind of light alkali recovery equipment of novelty, " aftereffect " of boiling-house and 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators is suitable, its evaporating temperature scope is 18 ℃, lack 10 ℃ than " aftereffect ", 10 ℃ of the boiling-house minimizing are increased to the dilatation part.Dilatation part warm end temperature difference is 11.75 ℃, and the dilatation part will increase theoretical steam-water ratio 10 ÷ 11.75=0.85, and this is the technical contribution of boiling-house.The theoretical steam-water ratio of boiling-house self is 1: 1.85 steam-water ratio greater than aftereffect, the effect of the effect of one-level boiling-house greater than 5 grades of flash chambers is described, by numerical computations 1.85 ÷ 1.33 * 5=7 level of steam-water ratio, as seen, aspect the progression that reduces combined evaporimeter, boiling-house plays main effect.
Two, the structure of continuous volume expanding evaporator and technical characteristic
PH-120 type series continuous volume expanding evaporator is nine grades of continuous flash-boiling evaporators of two effects of developing by " dilatation-boiling combination " technology.Fig. 1 is a PH-120 type continuous volume expanding evaporator schematic flow sheet.Full machine is by 9 grades of bodies, 1 of outer heater, and 2 of liquid traps, 1 of Water Jet Condenser, 2 of condensed water buckets, 1 of internal corrosion circulating pump, other joins instrument compositions such as jet pump, condensate pump, spray pump and flowmeter.
This vaporizer technology characteristic is described below:
The evaporating temperature scope is meant maximum temperature that alkali lye heating reaches and the scope between the minimum temperature behind the spent liquor evaporation, be unified relatively nine grades of combined evaporimeters and 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators, setting maximum temperature is 120 ℃, and minimum temperature is 57 ℃, the calculating that effectively utilizes.
It is 35 ℃ that first of 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators are imitated 10 grades of flash chamber temperature ranges, all is effective temperature; Second temperature range of imitating is 28 ℃, because the second alkali internal circulating load of imitating reduces by half, corresponding evaporation capacity also reduces by half, and the effective temperature conversion is 14 ℃, and total effective temperature is 35+14=49 ℃, and the effective temperature utilization rate is 49 ÷ 63=77.8%.
Nine grades of preceding 8 grades temperature ranges of combined evaporimeter are 45 ℃, all are effective temperature.The temperature range of boiling-house is 18 ℃, and wherein effective temperature is 11.75 ℃, and total effective temperature is 45+11.75=56.75 ℃, and the effective temperature utilization rate is 56.75 ÷ 63=90.1%.
By above-mentioned contrast as can be known, the effective temperature utilization rate of nine grades of combined evaporimeters is higher than 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators 12.3%.
The evaporating temperature scope substitutes 63 ℃ 120 ℃-57 ℃ with 72 ℃ 124 ℃-52 ℃, and is unified to the relatively influence of steam-water ratio of two kinds of evaporimeters.
When the evaporating temperature scope of 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators increases to 72 ℃, first effect increases to 40 ℃ from 35 ℃, second effect increases to 32 ℃ from 28 ℃, warm end temperature difference increases to 12 ℃, because second internal circulating load of imitating reduces by half, 32 ℃ are equivalent to 16 ℃, theoretical steam-water ratio is 40+16 ÷ 12=1: 4.67, steam-water ratio does not have to improve because of the increase of temperature range, this is because total progression of the flash-boiling evaporators of " multistage branch effect " and multistage each progression of imitating of assigning to are fixed, along with the increase of temperature range, the ratio of progression is still being kept in the also corresponding increase of temperature at different levels.Both the theoretical steam-water ratio of " multistage branch effect " equaled total progression divided by the thermal level number.
Nine grades of combined evaporimeters are when the evaporating temperature scope increases to 72 ℃, because the increase of evaporation capacity, the temperature range of boiling-house increases to 21 ℃ from 18 ℃.The evaporating temperature scope of preceding 8 flash chambers is corresponding to increase to 51 ℃, and warm end temperature difference increases to 12.5 ℃.The theoretical steam-water ratio of dilatation part is 51 ÷ 12.5=1: 4.08, and the theoretical steam-water ratio of boiling-house is 1, and total like this steam-water ratio should be 5.08, the evaporating temperature scope is described when increasing to 72 ℃ for 63 ℃, and the theoretical steam-water ratio of nine grades of combined evaporimeters has improved.
Three, the evaporator application effect relatively
3.1 table 1 is the steam-water ratio actual measurement contrast of several evaporimeters:
Table 1
3.2 caustic soda is decided by concentration, temperature two big factors to the embrittlement corrosion of carbon steel, when the concentration of caustic soda was 300g/L, the temperature of embrittlement was about 60 ℃, and embrittlement aggravates along with the rising of temperature when being higher than 60 ℃, and embrittlement is not remarkable when being lower than 60 ℃.When the concentrated base temperature of single-action flash-boiling evaporators reached 100 ℃ of left and right sides, the speed of embrittlement corrosion was quite fast, and the equipment application will cause scrapping in about 5 years.The concentrated base temperature of 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators is up to 85 ℃, surpasses 60 ℃, and the embrittlement corrosion is being stood in the part.Nine grades of combined evaporimeters are owing to pay particular attention to durable, anticorrosion problem when design, full machine Temperature Distribution as shown in Figure 2, the boiling-house concentrated base temperature liquid phase that shows among the figure should be 52 ℃, be lower than 60 ℃ of brittle temperatures, alleviated the embrittlement corrosion greatly, product is not found the caustic embrittlement accident as yet through using for many years.
3.3 under pressure of steam supply attenuating situation, the evaporimeter of " multistage branch effect " can reduce owing to the temperature of flash chamber reduces preheating port of export temperature difference, reducing of the port of export temperature difference can reduce production capacity rapidly.The evaporimeter of " dilatation-boiling combination ", though when pressure of steam supply descends, the temperature of flash chamber also reduces simultaneously, it does not cause reducing of the preheating port of export temperature difference.Like this, complete machine is not successfully normally carried out by the influence that pressure of steam supply lowers.
3.4 when accelerating the mercerizing range speed of a motor vehicle, increased light alkali yield, this just requires evaporimeter to expand production capacity.The evaporimeter of " dilatation-boiling combination " can adopt the way that adds systemic circulation to increase production.The evaporimeter of " multistage branch effect " can not adopt the way that adds systemic circulation, its reason is after internal circulating load strengthens, the corresponding increase of indirect steam in the flash chamber, both are linear relationships, and preheater does not absorb so many indirect steams, because heat transfer area does not increase, heat transfer temperature difference can not increase, and the increase of overall heat-transfer coefficient is also very little.Indirect steam in the flash chamber contradiction that can not sponge makes the evaporimeter of " multistage branch effect " can not successfully add full circulation operation like this.
3.5 wet cloth mercerising requires the concentration of lye of adding of technology to improve.The evaporimeter of " multistage branch effect " is improving when alkali concn, and operational factor will play a series of variation, and the some of them parameter can be adjusted voluntarily.And some parameter will be adjusted by operating personnel.To reduce as internal circulating load, but " preceding effect " and " aftereffect " internal circulating load reduce not proportionate relationship, only recomputate and could determine, this is very difficult in real work.
The evaporimeter of " dilatation-boiling combination " is when going out the alkali concn raising, and parameters all can be adjusted voluntarily, and operating personnel only need control fluid concentration just." dilatation-boiling combination " these characteristics of evaporimeter also can adapt to the variation of feed liquor concentration, and parameters all can be adjusted voluntarily, needn't operating personnel do any adjustment work.
3.6 last three grades of 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators must lead to water quench.Supercooled water once took place carbon steel was produced the phenomenon of corrosion, supercooled water in-tube fouling plugging accident also took place.Nine grades of combined evaporimeters are designed to spray water and directly cool off, and have avoided the drawback of corrosion and plugging.
3.7 general flash-boiling evaporators does not thoroughly solve the problem of band alkali in the condensed water as yet, nine grades of combined evaporimeters of PH-120 type have adopted inside to be provided with separator, and band alkali problem is resolved.
3.8PH-120 the internal circulating load of type evaporimeter is less, when the light alkali of evaporation process 4.5t/h, internal circulating load only is 37.4t/h; During evaporation process 5.0t/h, internal circulating load is 40t/h.The internal circulating load of 15 grades of flash-boiling evaporators is then big a lot, and first internal circulating load of imitating is 47t/h, and second internal circulating load of imitating is 21t/h, and both add up to more than the 68t/h.Thereby illustrate that nine grades of combined evaporimeter internal circulating loads are lower, energy-conservation.
Cleaner production its essence is human production activity's planning and the management that a kind of material consumption and energy consumption are minimum, with wastes reduction, resource, innoxious or eliminate in process of production.The salkali waste of mercerization process had both increased the load of sewage disposal, a large amount of useful resource have been wasted again, people pay attention to light alkali very early and reclaim to concentrate and use, but, adopt " multistage branch effect " evaporation technique as shown in Table 1, save the steam of a large amount of light alkali concentration process than triple effect evaporator, single-action flash-boiling evaporators.And having independently developed " dilatation-boiling combination " technology, nine grades of combined-type evaporators obviously are better than 15 fractions and imitate flash-boiling evaporators, returns of investment height aspect application performance.
Claims (10)
1, continuous volume expanding evaporator, comprise several dilatation unit (14) that are positioned at dilatation body (8), side at dilatation body (8) is provided with heat extraction chamber (5), the output of heat extraction chamber (5) connects after-heater (4), and big liquid trap (3) and concentrated base outlet (25) is set on boiling-house (2); The top that reaches in the heat extraction chamber (5) in each dilatation unit (14) is provided with condenser (28), bottom in each dilatation unit (14) is provided with evaporating pan (32), utilize condenser pipe (7) to be interconnected between the condenser (28) of adjacent two dilatation unit (14), the evaporating pan (32) of adjacent two dilatation unit (14) utilizes mozzle (33) to be interconnected; On each dilatation unit (14), gutter spout funnel (36) is arranged, gutter spout funnel (36) is gone up the condensate pipe (30) that is communicated with condensed water bucket (18) is set, useless light alkali inlet tube (16) is set under heat extraction chamber (5), the condenser (28) of first order dilatation unit (14) go up be provided with outside the feed tube (12) that is communicated with of heater (11), the discharging tube (9) of outer heater (11) is communicated with the evaporating pan (32) of first order dilatation unit (14), and outer heater adopts steam trap that condensed water in the heater is discharged.
2, continuous volume expanding evaporator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output at big liquid trap (3) utilizes pipeline to connect water ejector (1), the import of this water ejector (1) is connected with jet pump (23), outlet is provided for connecting the pipeline of pond (24), and the output of big liquid trap (3) is connected with its negative pressure mouth.
3, continuous volume expanding evaporator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: utilize pipeline to connect spray pump (21) and concentrated base circulation bucket (20) on boiling-house (2), spray pump (21) interconnects with concentrated base circulation bucket (20).
4, continuous volume expanding evaporator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the bottom of each dilatation unit (14) blow-off line (34) is set; The condenser (28) of each dilatation unit (14) utilizes condenser pipe (7) to interconnect from left to right successively; The evaporating pan (32) of each dilatation unit (14) utilizes mozzle (33) to connect successively from right to left; Vacuum tandem tube (31) is set between adjacent two dilatation unit (14), goes up installation at every vacuum tandem tube (31) and be used to regulate the adjustment sheet of vacuum.
5, continuous volume expanding evaporator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in dilatation unit (14), one side of condenser (28) is provided with water fender (29), in the inwall of dilatation unit (14), the top of water fender (29) water reception tank (27) of collecting condensed water is set, the deflector (35) of guiding flow action has been set between water reception tank (27) and water fender (29), gutter spout funnel (36) has been set behind water fender (29).
6, as claim 1 or 4 described continuous volume expanding evaporators, it is characterized in that: an end of mozzle (33) points to the bottom of dilatation unit (14), and the end of this end is lower than the bottom of evaporating pan (32); The upper end of mozzle (33) is connected with evaporating pan (32) in the next stage dilatation unit; Bottom at evaporating pan (32) is provided with aperture.
7, continuous volume expanding evaporator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: utilize pipeline to connect circulating pump (19) in bottom, heat extraction chamber (5) and be connected with condenser (28) arrival end.
8, a kind of using method of continuous volume expanding evaporator comprises:
A, vacuumize: with jet pump (23) water under high pressure is flowed to water ejector (1), water under high pressure is gone into Venturi tube in the nozzle ejection on water ejector (1) top, according to jet current principle, air is taken away, and makes continuous volume expanding evaporator produce negative pressure;
B, condensation: weak lye enters under the effect of negative pressure in the last level dilatation unit (14).Send in the condenser (28) by circulating pump (19), enter in subordinate's condenser (28) by condenser pipe (7) one by one successively then, evaporate by entering in the dilatation unit (14) after the heating, the condensed water of generation is sent in the condensed water bucket (18) after collecting again;
C, heating: heater (11) outside the weak lye of condenser (28) preheating enters is elevated to 120 ℃ to the weak lye temperature;
D, evaporation: the weak lye after the heating is admitted in the evaporating pan (32) of bottom, first order dilatation unit (14), some apertures are arranged at the bottom of evaporating pan (32), make the alkali lye that has evaporated behind a part of water flow into the bottom of dilatation unit (14) in the aperture of evaporating pan (32); And enter in the evaporating pan (32) of adjacent next stage dilatation unit (14) via mozzle (33) one by one successively;
E, heat extraction: the alkali lye behind the pervaporation in the end output of level dilatation unit (14) is introduced in the heat extraction chamber (5) by its mozzle (33), carries out heat extraction in heat extraction chamber (5); The steam that will not condense into condensed water after will partly vaporizing is simultaneously sent in the after-heater (4);
F, boiling: utilize the alkali lye in 70～90 ℃ of incondensable gas ebuillition of heated chambers (2) in the heat extraction chamber (5);
G, catch liquid: enter in the cyclonic separation liquid trap (3) through the water vapour after the boiling, utilize the proportion principle of alkali and water, alkali is separated mutually with water, and wherein water is brought in the pond (24) by water ejector (1), and the concentrated base that stays is back to boiling-house (2) through concentrated base outlet (25); Steam is simultaneously along with water is outwards run out of, and not have the alkali lye of separation then to reflux in the boiling-house (2).
9, as the using method of continuous volume expanding evaporator as described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that, before vacuumizing, regulate earlier vacuum: vacuumize the certain vacuum of generation afterwards by water ejector (1) flash-boiling evaporators in, make by adjusting that to produce certain vacuum successively between first order dilatation unit to final stage dilatation unit poor; And dried up injector (1) distance is near more, and vacuum is high more, and vacuum far away more is low more.
10, as the using method of continuous volume expanding evaporator as described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that, before heat extraction, circulate again: utilize circulating pump (19) will be delivered to the condenser inlet of last level dilatation unit (14) once more, make in alkali lye each dilatation unit in dilatation body (8) to circulate one by one once more through the alkali lye after the evaporator evaporation of last level dilatation unit (14); In each circulation, all carry out heat treated by outer heater (11); Carry out concentrated base circulation behind the liquid again catching: during in evaporation, for the alkali lye that does not reach desired concn, carry out spraying and sprinkling evaporation by spray pump (21) and concentrated base circulation bucket and boiling-house (2) once more, to improve the concentration of alkali lye, the alkali lye that reaches concentration is then discharged by concentrated base outlet (25).
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| CN105836826B (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2018-08-14 | 湖北际华新四五印染有限公司 | A kind of light alkali circulation self controlled device of flash-boiling evaporators |
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