Embodiment
Following with reference to description of drawings execution mode involved in the present invention.At first, with reference to Fig. 1 the mobile body communication system that embodiments of the present invention are related is described.As shown in the figure, mobile body communication system 1 involved in the present invention is to be used for realizing at least the data communications system of mobile communication terminal 100 via internet 10.System 1 comprises the communication mode and WLAN (Local Area Network: the communication mode that local area network (LAN)) is connected of cellular communication (mobile communicating).Mobile body communication system 1 has cellular communication system 20 and cellular communication base stations 25 as the structure that is used for cellular communication.And then system 1 has Wireless LAN access point (AP:Access Point) 30 as being used for the structure that WLAN connects.
Cellular communication system 20 is the communication systems that provided by mobile communicating business merchant (so-called operator).For example, has operation centre and connect the common wire road network of a plurality of cellular communication base stations 25 and operation centre and communication network etc.Cellular communication base stations 25 is the communication equipments that are used for mobile communication terminal 100 radio communications, and the service of being arranged on provides a plurality of places in the scope.Mobile communication terminal 100 by with cellular communication base stations 25 radio communications on next door, come to communicate via cellular communication system 20 and other mobile communication terminal 100 grades.
Wireless LAN access point 30 is the access points that are used to provide the public wireless LAN service of so-called focus (trade mark), and the service of being arranged on provides in the communal facility in zone and the shop etc.Wireless LAN access point 30 for example has the radio communication device based on WLAN standards such as IEEE802.11, with mobile communication terminal 100 wireless connections.Wireless LAN access point 30 is sent by this supplier's predetermined identification information at any time by public wireless LAN service providers (hereinafter referred to as " supplier ") operation.At this moment, for example send beacon (beacon) signal that ESSID (Extended Service Set Identifier: extend the services set identifier) is represented as identifying information at any time.In addition, Wireless LAN access point 30 for example is connected with internet 10 via main line (IP network) of this supplier etc.
Mobile communication terminal 100 then is described.Personal Handyphone System) mobile communication terminal 100 involved in the present invention for example is portable phone or PHS (Personal Handyhone System: the terminal installation (telephone set) of mobile communication such as, except the voice call function of basic function, also has the data communication function that carries out data communication and access websites etc. via internet 10 communication networks such as grade.In addition, the related mobile communication terminal 100 of present embodiment also has the WLAN linkage function except the linkage function of common mobile communicating (cellular communication).
That is, the related mobile communication terminal 100 of present embodiment can also connect data communication such as carrying out the internet connection by cellular communication and WLAN except the voice call function that carries out basic function by cellular communication etc.
Undertaken by cellular communication under the situation that the internet connects, by with cellular communication base stations 25 radio communications, come to connect internets 10 via cellular communication system 20.At this moment, for example utilize CDMA communications such as (Code Division Multiple Access: code division multiple access connect) to carry out data communication.And, utilize the gateway function at operator center that cellular communication system 20 comprises etc. etc., carry out protocol conversion etc., realize data communication thus via internet 10.Under the situation of such cellular communication, carry out data communication with the transmission speed about hundreds of kbps usually.
On the other hand, when carrying out the internet connection,, connect internet 10 by carrying out radio communication with Wireless LAN access point 30 by the WLAN linkage function.At this moment, for example based on TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol: TCP) communication protocol such as, realize data communication via internet 10.Under the situation that such WLAN connects, carry out data communication with the transmission speed more than the 10Mbps usually.
(Internet Service Provider: Internet service provider) server etc. is used to provide the device of service and information to be connected with application server for example, content server, ISP on internet 10.Mobile communication terminal 10 connects by cellular communication or WLAN and is connected with internet 10, can communicate with these devices thus, enjoys various services and information.
The structure of the related mobile communication terminal of present embodiment 100 is described with reference to Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the structure of expression mobile communication terminal 100.
As shown in the figure, mobile communication terminal 100 comprises control part 110, cellular communication portion 120, antenna 122, WLAN Department of Communication Force 130, antenna 132, display part 140, input part 150, conversation handling part 160, battery portion 170, power control part 180, storage part 190 etc.
Random asccess memory) control part 110 is for example by CPU (Central Processing Unit: central arithmetic processing apparatus) and as the RAM of service area (Random Access Memory: formation such as, by the operation program that puts rules into practice, control each one of mobile communication terminal 100.That is,, and carry out the respectively information transmission between the formation etc. via control part 110 by respectively constituting of control part 110 control mobile communication terminals 100.
Cellular communication portion 120 for example is made of Wireless Telecom Equipment of mobile communication etc.Cellular communication portion 120 is used for carrying out the electric wave transmitting-receiving that the antenna 122 of radio communication is carried out with cellular communication base stations 25 by control, utilizes the radio communication with cellular communication base stations 25, carries out voice call and data communication.
WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 is for example by constituting based on Wireless Telecom Equipment of WLAN standards such as IEEE802.11 etc.WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 is used for carrying out the electric wave transmitting-receiving that the antenna 132 of radio communication is carried out with Wireless LAN access point 30 by control, utilizes the radio communication with Wireless LAN access point 30, carries out data communication.
Display part 140 for example is the demonstration output device that is made of liquid crystal indicator etc.Utilize the control of control part 110, display part 140 shows output image etc.
Input part 150 is made of button that constitutes on the outside of mobile communication terminal 100 and key etc., by user's operation of mobile communication terminal 100.Input part 150 has the input circuit of each button of connection and key etc. etc., and the operation of respective user generates input signal, and is input in the control part 110.
Conversation handling part 160 for example is made of microphone and the loud speaker and the codec circuit etc. of phonetic entry output usefulness, carries out the speech processes relevant with the call function of mobile communication terminal 100.That is, conversation handling part 160 carries out following actions: will be transformed to behind the analog voice signal action etc. of giving orders or instructions that sends to cellular communication portion 120 after the answering action and will be transformed into digital voice data from the user's of microphone input pronunciation of loud speaker output by the digital voice data that cellular communication portion 120 receives.
Battery portion 170 for example is made of TunePower such as lithium ion battery and the terminal etc. that connects mobile communication terminal 100 and battery, provides to drive the required electric power of mobile communication terminal 100.
Power control part 180 is made of with chip etc. power circuit and control.Power control part 180 is according to the indication from control part 110, and the action of the power supply of closing mobile communication terminal 100 is controlled.For example, power control part 180 is given each one of mobile communication terminal 100 except the power supply that battery portion 170 is supplied with, and also controls the power supply of on/off mobile communication terminal 100 etc.In addition, according to the indication from control part 110, the electric power that power control part 180 is provided based on battery portion 170 detects current value and charge capacity etc.
Storage part 190 for example by ROM (Read Only Memory: read-only memory) and storage device such as flash memory constitute.Storage part 190 is except the performed operation program of storage control part 110, and also storage realizes various data required for the present invention.In execution mode, as shown in Figure 2, a plurality of storage areas constitute storage part 190, store predetermined data in each storage area.As shown in the figure, in storage part 190, constitute storage areas such as access information storage area 191, power saving setting storage area 192, program storage area 193.
Access information storage area 191 is storage areas of storage required information when carrying out data communication by mobile communication terminal 100.In the present embodiment, for example, make WLAN link information table as shown in Figure 3.In WLAN link information table, store connection Wireless LAN access point 30 and utilize the required set information of public wireless LAN service.
In the present embodiment, suppose exist to utilize the access information of the regulation that provides in advance from supplier and operable public wireless LAN service.Therefore, as shown in Figure 3A, in WLAN link information table, for example each supplier that the public wireless LAN service is provided is made record.Information that the information that provides from this supplier and user set etc. is provided in each record.Here, for example record and carry out the required encryption key of the encryption of radio communication by the identifying information that Wireless LAN access point 30 sent (ESSID) of each supplier regulation, with Wireless LAN access point 30 and be used to sign in to the login ID of the Connection Service that this supplier provides and login password etc.
It is to be used to store the zone of setting relevant information with the power saving of the power consumption that reduces mobile communication terminal 100 that storage area 192 is set in power saving.In the present embodiment, set the power saving action of making in the storage area 192 shown in Fig. 3 B in power saving and set table, record power saving action is set.In the present embodiment, recording the power saving action relevant with cellular communication capability with the WLAN function at least sets.That is, shown in Fig. 3 B, in power saving action setting table, each function of mobile communication terminal 100 is made record.In each record, a plurality of conditions and the performed action of corresponding each condition are set up record accordingly.In the present embodiment, the executive condition as the power saving action is set with the threshold value about the battery allowance of battery portion 170.
Program storage area 193 is the zones that are used to store the performed program of control part 110.In program storage area 193, store the basic software (so-called OS) that is used to control mobile communication terminal 100 molar behaviors and be used to realize the application software etc. of the various functions of mobile communication terminal 100.In the present embodiment, carry out the program that is stored in the program storage area 193, realize the functional structure that is used to handle that present embodiment is related by control part 110.The functional structure that is realized by control part 110 as shown in Figure 4.Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram of expression by the functional structure of control part 110 realizations.
As shown in the figure, control part 110 plays a role as application enforcement division 111, data communication control part 112, battery allowance test section 113, communication mode selection portion 114 etc.
The specified application of user is carried out by moving with the association of input part 150 in application enforcement division 111.That is, application enforcement division 111 will be used to realize that the user passes through the application program of the application that the operation of input part 150 selects, and be loaded into the service area and will carry out from program storage area 193.In the present embodiment, application enforcement division 111 carry out be used to connect the internet visit the website, be DCP such as so-called browser.
Data communication control part 112 control cellular communication portion 120 and WLAN Department of Communication Forces 130.Data communication control part 112 is except to carrying out the action relevant with the data communication function of mobile communication terminal 100 indicate, also utilizable communication mode during judgment data communication execution.In the present embodiment, data communication control part 112 judges whether to utilize the public wireless LAN service of regulation according to canned data identifying information that is received from Wireless LAN access point 30 by WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 and the access information storage area 191.In the present embodiment, 111 carry out data communication applications (browser etc.) afterwards in the application enforcement division, and data communication control part 112 judges whether to utilize WLAN to connect.
Battery allowance test section 113 is by moving with power control part 180 association, according to detected current value of battery control part 180 and charge capacity etc., detects the battery allowance of battery portion 170.In the present embodiment, it is opportunity that battery allowance test section 113 is carried out data communication applications (browser etc.) with application enforcement division 111, carries out the detection of the battery allowance of battery portion 170 at any time.
Communication mode selection portion 114 is according to the detected battery allowance of battery allowance test section 113, is used to select the action of the communication mode of data communication.In the present embodiment, communication mode selection portion 114 is set information in the storage area 192 according to being stored in power saving, and according to threshold value and actual battery allowance as the battery allowance of condition, communicates the selection action of mode.
In the present embodiment, by control part 110 executive programs, realize the above-mentioned functions structure in logic.But application-specific IC) etc., can (Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit: physical structure realizes these functions by for example ASIC.
In addition, above-mentioned each structure is to realize primary structure required for the present invention by mobile communication terminal 100.Can possess as required as other required structures of mobile communication terminal.
Below explanation is by the action of mobile communication terminal 100 execution with said structure.Here, be local because the place that is provided with of the Wireless LAN access point 30 of public wireless LAN service is provided, so can utilize the zone of public wireless LAN service to be defined by mobile communication terminal 100.In addition, in general, the scope in the zone (cellular communication zone) that the scope in the zone that Wireless LAN access point 30 is covered (WLAN zone) is covered than cellular communication base stations 25 is little.Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, at the cellular communication region memory in the WLAN zone.At this moment, have in the WLAN zone under the situation of mobile communication terminal 100, this mobile communication terminal 100 promptly can be by cellular communication, also can carry out data communication by WLAN communication.The action of the mobile communication terminal 100 in the cellular communication zone in the present embodiment below is described.
Here, with reference to flow chart shown in Figure 5, the data communication processing that mobile communication terminal 100 is performed be described.Based on user's operation, the application (browser etc.) of carrying out data communication with application enforcement division 111 is an opportunity, begins this data communication and handles.
If handle beginning, then application enforcement division 111 will begin to carry out the message informing of data communication applications to data communication control part 112 and battery allowance test section 113.Data communication control part 112 starts WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 according to the notice from application enforcement division 111.WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 begins to receive the beacon signal that Wireless LAN access point 30 is sent.
Here, do not have in the WLAN zone under the situation of mobile communication terminal 100, the WLAN Department of Communication Force does not receive beacon signal.At this moment, data communication control part 112 is judged as and can not utilizes WLAN (step S101: deny), the processing that enters step S108.
On the other hand, receive under the situation of beacon signal the access information storage area 191 of data communication control part 112 visit storage parts 190 at WLAN Department of Communication Force 130.And, whether data communication control part 112 is recorded in the WLAN link information table 191 by the identifying information of comparison by the beacon signal notice, judges whether that can serve related Wireless LAN access point 30 with mobile communication terminal 100 available public wireless LANs communicates.At this moment, if do not write down obtained identifying information in WLAN link information table, then data communication control part 112 is judged as and can not utilizes WLAN (step S101: deny), and the processing that enters step S108.
WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 receives beacon signal from Wireless LAN access point 30, write down in WLAN link information table under the situation of the identifying information that Wireless LAN access point 30 sends, data communication control part 112 is judged as WLAN can utilize (step S101: be).At this moment, data communication control part 112 is given communication mode selection portion 114 with the utilizable message informing of WLAN.
Therewith concurrently, battery allowance test section 113 is then obtained the information relevant with the battery of battery portion 170 from power control part 118 if 111 receive the notice that begins to carry out application from the application enforcement division.Specifically, battery allowance test section 113 is obtained the information relevant with the current battery allowance of battery portion 170 from power control part 118, is notified to communication mode selection portion 114.
Communication mode selection portion 114 is if receive the notice of battery allowance from battery allowance test section 113, then visit the power saving of storage part 190 and set storage area 192, set the set information relevant of table (with reference to Fig. 3 B) by reference power saving action, judge that current battery allowance is whether by as the set threshold value of the condition of power saving action more than 1 (step S102) with the WLAN function.Even set in this threshold value 1 and for example carried out the minimum battery allowance that the WLAN function also can access stable action.In addition, also can will be set at threshold value 2 (with reference to Fig. 3 B) than this threshold value 1 low battery allowance.
Communication mode selection portion 114 current battery allowance be threshold value more than 1 during (step S102: be), repeated execution of steps S103 and step S104.That is, at first, communication mode selection portion 114 is selected the communication mode of WLAN as the data communication of carrying out, and gives data communication control part 112 with this message informing.Data communication control part 112 is according to the notice from communication mode selection portion 114, and the access information storage area 191 of visit storage part 190 is obtained from WLAN link information table and the relevant information of available public wireless LAN service.Data communication control part 112 is notified to WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 with obtained information, and the WLAN connecting moves of this information is used in indication.Thus, WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 connects Wireless LAN access point 30, brings into use the data communication (step S103) of performed application.
Carry out the data communication that the WLAN begun connects, up to owing to produces from user's end indication etc. and to use tenth skill (step S104: be), perhaps battery allowance deficiency threshold value 1 (step S102: deny).If the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance, then communication mode selection portion 114 connects picture demonstration output on display part 140 (step S105) with recommendation as shown in Figure 6A.
As implied above, even be set at threshold value 1 with carrying out the battery allowance that the WLAN function also can obtain stable action.Under the situation of the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance owing to the caused power consumption of data communication of WLAN connection, existence can not be carried out the problem that stable action maybe can not obtain sufficient operate time.At this moment, switch to cellular communication, can suppress power consumption by data communication is connected from WLAN.Therefore, in WLAN connects under the situation of the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance, communication mode selection portion 114 recommends to switch to cellular communication to the user, and is presented on the display part 140 by the recommendation connection picture (Fig. 6 A) that can change communication mode, urges the user to connect switching.In storage 190, store the view data of such recommendation connection picture etc. in advance.
As shown in Figure 6A, the recommendation under this situation connects on the picture to be recommended to switch to the message of cellular communication except showing for the data communication of carrying out the longer time, also shows to be used for selecting WLAN to connect or some buttons of cellular communication.As implied above, power consumption increases when carrying out the WLAN connection, but WLAN can be carried out than cellular communication data communication more at a high speed in connecting.Therefore, whether the user waits according to the content of current executory data communication and selects a certain mode suitable.That is, comparing under the situation of more paying attention to the high speed transfer rate, selecting WLAN to connect, even low but pay attention to selecting cellular communication under the long-time situation about driving in transmission speed with long-time driving.
The user selects desirable communication mode by operation inputting part 150, and indication mobile communication terminal 100.Communication mode selection portion 114 judges that based on the input from input part 150 user has selected certain communication mode (step S106).
Here, indicated the user (step S106: be) under the situation that switches to cellular communication, communication mode selection portion 114 is selected the communication mode of cellular communication as the current data communication of carrying out, and gives data communication control part 112 with this message informing.Data communication control part 112 control WLAN Department of Communication Forces 130, the data communication that the LAN signal post that begun is carried out finishes (cut-out).And, carry out data communication and finish (step S107: be) if judge LAN signal post, then begin to utilize the cellular communication (step S108) of cellular communication portion 120, continue data communication.
After switching to cellular communication, communication mode selection portion 114 is the monitoring battery surplus at any time, up to the end indication (step S109: till reaching "No") that data communication is arranged.And, when the threshold value 2 (condition 2) that sets in the power saving action setting table (with reference to Fig. 3 B) of storage area 192 is set in power saving (step S110: be), communication mode selection portion 114 shows that with the warning picture shown in Fig. 6 B output is on display part 140 (step S114) in the battery allowance deficiency.
Threshold value 2 sets to such an extent that battery allowance is low than threshold value 1, is set at the minimum battery allowance of the stable action of the action that can obtain mobile communication terminal 100 integral body.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the power saving action during as the not enough threshold value 2 of battery allowance, for example be set at the appointed time after (for example after 30 seconds) action (with reference to Fig. 3 B) that the power supply of mobile communication terminal 100 is disconnected.Therefore, when the not enough threshold value 2 of battery allowance, communication mode selection portion 114 is urged charging shown in Fig. 6 B, and display list is shown in the warning picture of the message that power supply is disconnected after the stipulated time.In storage part 190, store the view data of such warning picture etc. in advance.
Communication mode selection portion 114 is if show the warning picture, the then action of timing circuit by regulation and timing program etc. etc., the timing in beginning elapsed time.And,, judge whether to have passed through and set the stipulated time of setting in the storage area 192 (step S115) in power saving as the action of corresponding threshold value 2.
Under the situation of having passed through the stipulated time (step S115: be), the power saving action that communication mode selection portion 114 is set according to corresponding threshold value 2 is carried out this action to power control part 180 indications.Thus, power control part 180 is carried out indicated power saving action (step S116), and end process.In the present embodiment, disconnect as the power saving action, so power control part 180 carries out the action with the power supply disconnection of mobile communication terminal 100 owing to set power supply.
Like this, when carrying out data communication, under the situation that can utilize WLAN and battery allowance abundance, select WLAN to connect automatically, carry out data communication with high-speed transfer speed by internet connection etc.And the decline of corresponding battery allowance switches to the action of cellular communication.
On the other hand, when beginning, data communication can not utilize that (step S101: not), enter step S108, the action of step S109~111, S114~116 is carried out in the connection of beginning cellular communication under the situation of WLAN.
Even can utilize WLAN, battery allowance when the 114 comparing data communications of communication mode selection portion begin and the threshold value 1 of regulation, (step S102: not) under the situation of the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance, enter step S105, by showing that output is connected the same picture of picture with the recommendation shown in Fig. 6 A, makes the user select communication mode.At this moment, if select WLAN to connect, then battery allowance be threshold value 2 or more during (step S113: the not) connection (step S111) carried out of execution WLAN signal post.On the other hand, under the situation of the not enough threshold value 2 of battery allowance (step S113: be), warn demonstrations (step S144), carry out power saving and move (step S115: be, S116).
In addition, in data communication, taken place to operate etc. under the situation that the application that causes finishes indication by the user (step S104: not, S109: not, S112: not), end process.
As discussed above, by being suitable for the present invention, under the situation that has sufficient battery allowance, select the high WLAN of communication performance to connect according to above-mentioned execution mode, when battery allowance descends, can switch to the lower cellular communication of power consumption.That is,, can effectively reduce the power consumption of mobile communication terminal with WLAN communication function by switching communication mode according to battery allowance.In addition, because the user can select the switching of communication mode, so can carry out suitable communication mode according to the operating position of this moment.In addition, even under the situation of the deenergization of having to, also can show the warning picture, deenergization after certain hour further reduction of battery allowance.Therefore, the user for example can suitably end data communication after carrying out data preservation etc., can prevent in the communication because power supply disconnects caused data disappearance etc. suddenly.
Above-mentioned execution mode is an example, and the scope of application of the present invention is not limited to this.That is, can carry out various application, all execution modes are included in the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, when WLAN connects, make the user select communication mode under the situation of the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance, but also can be that mobile communication terminal 100 selects to switch cellular communication automatically.That is, communication mode selection portion 114 does not show and recommends to connect picture, and select cellular communication automatically, and be notified to data communication control part 112 under the situation that is judged as the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance.Data communication control part 112 connects (disconnections) afterwards, control cellular communication portion 120, the data communication of continuation cellular communication finishing the WLAN that WLAN Department of Communication Force 130 carried out reliably.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, when beginning is carried out in data communication, judge whether to utilize WLAN, but in addition also can judge whether to utilize cellular communication.At this moment, if can utilize WLAN and cellular communication, then carry out the processing shown in the above-mentioned execution mode.In addition, if only can utilize cellular communication, then for example begin the data communication of cellular communication automatically.In addition, only can utilize under the situation of WLAN,, then for example begin the data communication of WLAN automatically if be somebody's turn to do battery allowance abundance (threshold value is more than 1) constantly.Only can utilize (not enough threshold value 1) under the few situation of WLAN and battery allowance, for example make the user select to carry out the data communication of WLAN or tenth skill like this.In addition, can not utilize under the two the situation of WLAN and cellular communication, for example notice can not be carried out the message of data communication.
Append part
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, even under the situation of application not being carried out the required operation of data communication (situation of all browser menus that shown etc. of for example reading), also show and recommend to connect picture in the moment of the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance, but also can be in the not enough threshold value 1 of battery allowance and moment (for example in browser, pressing situations such as sending button etc.) of application having been carried out the required operation of data communication, show and recommend to connect picture, urge the user to switch communication mode.Like this, just the user only considers to switch communication mode, can improve operability under the situation necessary in order to carry out application operating.
In the above-described embodiment, the utilization of the local public wireless LAN service of using WLAN such as IEEE802.11 and the utilization of cellular communication are switched, but for example also can switch communication and the cellular communication of using wide-area wireless LAN such as IEEE802.16a according to battery allowance.
In addition, the various settings shown in and display frame are examples in the above-described embodiment, but are not limited to above-mentioned example, also can set arbitrarily and the picture demonstration.In addition, the set information that is stored in the storage part 190 is for example set by the producer of mobile communication terminal 100 in advance, but is not limited to this, also can be the setting or the change that the user carried out of mobile communication terminal 100.
Above-mentioned mobile communication terminal 100 has in advance and is used to realize function of the present invention.But,, also can be used as mobile communication terminal involved in the present invention and play a role by compatible procss in not having the existing mobile communication terminal of realizing function of the present invention etc.At this moment, in the mobile communication terminal of data communication function that has cellular communication at least and WLAN linkage function, be used to carry out each program of handling of above-mentioned mobile communication terminal 100.And, carry out this program by the computer (CPU etc.) of controlling this mobile communication terminal, can be used as terminal installation involved in the present invention and play a role.
The usability methods of such program is arbitrarily.For example, can also come compatible procss by issuing in the recording medium (for example storage card, CD-ROM, DVD etc.) that is stored in regulation except being suitable for any device by program is provided via communication mediums such as internets.
In spirit of the present invention and design, can carry out various execution modes and change.Execution mode discussed above is in order to describe the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the invention.Scope of the present invention is displayed in claims rather than in the execution mode.The various changes of claim of the present invention being carried out by the method that is equal to also are considered as included in the scope of the present invention.