CN100539547C - Use the end of ATIM frame in IEEE 802.11 IBSS, to carry out power management with the ATIM cycle of dynamically determining - Google Patents
Use the end of ATIM frame in IEEE 802.11 IBSS, to carry out power management with the ATIM cycle of dynamically determining Download PDFInfo
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
A kind of equipment and method that is used for carrying out at independent basic service set (IBSS) wireless lan (wlan) power management is provided, its Ad-hoc traffic indication message (ATIM) and related control logic thereof replace with the agreement that comprises variable length data alarm frame transmission cycle or data alarm window, this data alarm window is contained in the traffic among the IBSS, and the special use of following data frame transfer cycle, alarm frame thereafter finishes, is used for the special-purpose LIFS of end of described alarm frame and new control logic.The end of described alarm frame has low priority with data alarm frame contention medium the time, that is to say that described data alarm frame has the equivalence of higher priority, maximizes the quantity of the data alarm that sends between any data alarm window phase thus.Described power management method has been realized being used to send data alarm frame and the optimum allocation of employed time of Frame, has minimized the power consumption at all wireless stations of described IBSS thus.
Description
The present invention relates to the power management in the network at a plurality of wireless stations (STA) as comprising of wireless lan (wlan).More particularly, the present invention relates to power management in IEEE (IEEE 802.11) independent basic service set (IBSS).The most especially, the present invention relates to by introducing the End_of_ATIM frame and replacing the efficient that the ATIM window improves described IEEE 802.11 IBSS power management scheme with the ATIM cycle of dynamically determining.
Wireless lan (wlan) is becoming more and more and to popularize and become dominant technology in the WLAN market.The growth of this popularization results to portable radio machine and serves the increasing rapidly of demand of the communication network of these equipment.
Described WLAN supports two types network: foundation structure BSS and Independent B SS (IBSS).Basic Service Set (BSS) is the basic building piece of WLAN.Each BSS comprises at least two stations (STA).
In foundation structure BSS, STA communicates via central access point (AP), and described central access point is from information source STA received communication amount, and the described traffic is relayed to destination STA.In Independent B SS or IBSS (being also referred to as the Ad-hoc network), each STA 100 and other STA direct communication (110), and, see Fig. 1 without the support of AP.That is to say that if within a-n radio range a-n each other, each STA 100 can communicate with another STA in the Ad-hoc network.All communications between the STA 100 in IBSS are equities (peer-to-peer).
Power-saving in WLAN is generally realized as long as just enter low power consumption mode (sleep pattern) in due course by making STA.Only in the mode of illustration rather than restriction, Fig. 2 shows the control structure 280 of the wireless STA 100 with management circuit 230 that is used for described purpose.Although save power in sleep pattern, STA in sleep pattern and described network remainder are isolated fully, and promptly they are neither launched and do not receive any grouping.When STA has grouping to launch and destination STA is that this problem occurred in sleep pattern the time, exactly: " how waking destination STA up? " so that it can receive described grouping
In order to address this problem, IBSS WLAN use Data_Alert message and Data_Window carry out the power management for IBSS.Fig. 3 shows the operation of IEEE 802.11IBSS WLAN, and wherein Ad-hoc transmission/traffic indication message 350 or ATIM are this Data_Alert message.With predetermined interval (being called the target beacon transmit time (TBTT) 330), all STA among the IBSS revive and are at war with and send with the beacon 310 them, are distributed because the beacon in IBSS WLAN generates.In IBSS, each STA has the beacon 310 of preparation with TBTT 330 emission, and all other STA among itself and the described IBSS compete and use random delay to insert described medium.Those STA that win competition cancel all other unsettled beacon transmissions effectively.Therefore, except that the situation of beacon failure, beacon of every beacon interval 300 emissions.
The window of predetermined length is used as Data_Alert/ATIM window 340 and reserves, and it occurs in after described beacon 310 is launched just, wherein only can launch Data_Alert/ATIM frame 350 and their affirmation 360.Data_Alert/ATIM frame 350 is traffic announcements, and it is made by information source STA and is used for notifying destination STA: existence will be to the Frame of its emission.Be launched following the next Data_Alert/ATIM window 340 of next TBTT 330 at the Data_Alert/ATIM frame 350 that can't launch before 340 expirations of described Data_Alert/ATIM window during.
After Data_Alert/ATIM window 340 finishes, if STA does not successfully send or receives any Data_Alert/ATIM frame 350, then described STA supposition does not have the traffic at it during current beacon interval 340, thus, it can enter sleep pattern (low-power mode), up to next TBTT 330.Otherwise STA begins to the emission of Frame 365 with to their reception of affirmation 370, perhaps rests in the receiving mode with the Frame 385 that receives previous declaration during whole described beacon interval 300 and send to confirm 390.Only it should be noted that the data of declaration during the Data_Alert/ATIM window 340 can be after described Data_Alert/ATIM window 340 finishes, emission in remaining beacon interval 300.It is fixed size in the whole length of life of IBSS that current power management method needs described Data_Alert/ATIM window 340 sizes.
As shown in Figure 4, the control assembly 240 of STA (for example processor controls 240 of Fig. 2) is the example implementation mode that retreats (backoff) program that is used in the medium access of IBSS WLAN.The STA that wants frame emission is at first in distributed coordination function (DCF) interframe space sensed media in (DIFS) time cycle 400.If it is idle that described medium still kept during the described DIFS cycle, then described STA selects a backoff interval then in [0, CW] scope, and wherein CW represents contention window size 410.Described medium is therebetween kept each idle time slot, and described STA is described backoff interval minimizing 1 (420).When described backoff interval reached 0, described STA began emission.
In the prior art method, the length of selecting described Data_Alert window is problematic.If window is too little, between described Data_Alert window phase, can not send all Data_Alert frames.As a result, some Frames that may launch in current beacon interval must be waited until next beacon interval originally, and may waste some bandwidth.On the other hand, the length increase along with described Data_Alert window correspondingly reduces for the left time of transfer of data in current beacon interval.If described Data_Alert window too big (the enough big needs that are used to launch all Data_Alert declarations that consequently surpass), then because possibly can't use all remaining bandwidths of current beacon interval to launch the Frame of buffering, so also may waste bandwidth.
Based on above-mentioned discussion, best Data_Alert window size depends on STA quantity and the traffic load in IBSS.That is to say, the quantity of described STA big more (network load is heavy more), described Data_Alert window must be big more, and to hold the maximum quantity of Data_Alert frame, vice versa.This shows all execution preferably in all cases of fixed size Data_Alert window, that is to say that it is the scheme of suboptimum.Current, IEEE802.11 IBSSWLAN does not provide the mechanism of this class suboptimum problem of solution.
Therefore, need a kind of mode of the best, so that can in the residue beacon interval, send the wait Frame of maximum quantity so that can send the time cycle long enough of Data_Alert frame therein.Proposed some and proposed, so that come the described Data_Alert window size of adaptively modifying according to the network condition that is observed.Can improve performance though can prove to do like this, it remains suboptimum, because thisly adaptively be based on for example historical data of the network condition during last beacon interval, and not in response to the real network condition that in current beacon interval, occurs.
Do not have known best Data_Alert window size adaptations, therefore need this adaptive or its equivalents for IBSS WLAN.Referring now to Fig. 5, The present invention be directed to fixed size Data_Alert window 340 with the Data_Alert cycle 540 replacement prior aries of dynamically determining, the described Data_Alert cycle 540 follows just after TBTT, and each STA of IBSS WLAN has higher probability to send its all Data_Alert frame during described TBTT.Therefore, determine optional for the size of Data_Alert window.Conceptive, also there are the Data_Alert window that is called the Data_Alert cycle, the End_of_Alert that it originates in TBTT and ends at first emission.Therefore, difference wherein is not to eliminate Data_Alert window (at least conceptive), but the end of described Data_Alert window.The present invention has replaced the end of the set time after TBTT.Present described end is definite by the End_of_Alert of first emission.The described Data_Alert cycle 540 is sufficiently long, so that each STA have higher probability send all corresponding to etc. the Data_Alert frame of message to be launched (i.e. the message that in memory 220, cushions by the STA of described IBSS), and with because the fixed window size of prior art and the bandwidth of the frequent waste that takes place compares, the bandwidth of waste is minimum.And,, saved power by the maximum of bandwidth is used by equipment of the present invention and method.
Therefore, confirming 360 transmission for Data_Alert frame 350 and its provides the equipment and the method in the Data_Alert cycle 540 of variable-length, is Data_Alert frame 350 these problems best of message that emission is used to cushion or near best solution.It has minimized the power that consumes in conserve bandwidth, and has kept the benefit of prior art Data_Alert declaration (for example ATIM 350); It has eliminated fixing Data_Alert window 34; And it will send the End_of_Alert frame that sent by described STA after its all Data_Alert frames 350, provide time enough for high probability ground transmits all Data_Alert frames 350 by providing at each STA.
In a preferred embodiment, select the interframe space longer (just long interframe space or LIFS) for the End_of_Alert frame than DIFS, giving the priority of its lower described medium of access, so that there is higher probability to send all Data_Alert frames 350 in the past can launching any End_of_Alert frame.Be different from the longer interframe space of use, described method is not included in any other change in the back-off procedure of End_of_Alert frame.Described method is best or near best, because can select this LIFS, so that there is higher probability to send all Data_Alert frames 350 corresponding to buffered data frames before any Frame.
Above-mentioned and other feature and advantage of the present invention will become obvious from following DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED shown in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the simplified block diagram of the architecture of the applied wireless communication system of explanation various embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 has illustrated the simplified block diagram according to each STA in specific IBSS of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 has illustrated the power management operation in IEEE 802.11 IBSS.
Fig. 4 has illustrated the basic medium access method in IEEE 802.11 IBSS.
Fig. 5 illustrated according to one embodiment of the invention, in IBSS WLAN, use the power management operation that the variable Data_Alert cycle carried out by STA.
Fig. 6 has illustrated the flow chart that uses managing power process embodiment, that undertaken by STA of LIFS according to the present invention.
In the following description, will be with for example but be not that restrictive mode is set forth the detail such as particular architecture, technology or the like, so that provide to thorough understanding of the present invention.Yet to those of ordinary skill in the art, obviously the present invention can put into practice in other embodiment that breaks away from the details of setting forth here.
Fig. 1 has illustrated the representative network that will use various embodiments of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, a plurality of STA 100 communicate by wireless link via a plurality of wireless channel 110 each other, make that all traffics all are reciprocity.A key principle of the present invention provides the mechanism of a kind of optimization by the power of each wireless STA 100 use, make in each beacon interval 300, the Frame 365 of emission maximum quantity between described STA 100, and simultaneously STA 100 only its have frame to launch/just keep when receiving reviving, and enter sleep or low-power mode with saving power.Should be noted that owing to may surpass by entering the power that sleep pattern very short time saved at the revive power that consumes of next TBTT 330, STA 100 can not enter sleep pattern if the remaining time 550 in beacon interval 300 is less.And, for illustrative purposes, should be noted that IBSS network shown in Figure 1 is less.In fact, most of network comprises the mobile radio station of very large amount.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, each STA 100 of the IBSS in the WLAN of Fig. 1 can comprise the system with the architecture that illustrates in the block diagram of Fig. 2.Each STA 100 can comprise receiver 200, demodulator 210, memory 220, management circuit 230, processor controls 240, timer 2 50, modulator 260 and reflector 270.The demonstration system 280 of Fig. 2 only is used for illustrative purposes.Although described explanation can relate to the public term that is used to describe particular mobile station, described description and design are equally applicable to other treatment system, comprise the system that has with different architecture shown in Figure 2.
In operation, receiver 200 is coupled to the antenna (not shown) with reflector 270, to change signal that is received and the data of wanting to launch via demodulator 210 and modulator 260 respectively.Management circuit 230 is operated under the control of processor 240, so that by determining still should to enter sleep (low-power mode) for remaining time of given beacon interval 300 whether determining greater than a predetermined threshold value that described STA should keep reviving in whole remainders of given beacon interval 300.Be to deduct the current time by the time from next TBTT to determine that the latter's value is stored in the memory 230 the remaining time in beacon interval 300 of being calculated.Timer 2 50 is used for waking the STA of sleep up with predetermined TBTT 330, and is used for scheduling controlling processor 240 to send beacon, because all STA competes with TBTT so that send their beacon.
Described IEEE 802.11 standards define in international standard ISO/IEC 8802-111,1999 versions " Information Technology-Telecommunication and InformationExchange Area Networks (information technology---telecommunications and information exchange regional network) ", quote it in full with for referencial use at this.According to this standard, the purpose of described IEEE 802.11IBSS ATIM window 340 is to allow each STA 100 of IBSS know, to not have the ATIM declaration afterwards at specified point (regular length of ATIM window), can after described ATIM window 340 finishes, not turn back to sleep (low power consumption mode) immediately so that receive the STA of ATIM declaration.
Referring now to Fig. 3, usually, the ATIM of described IEEE 802.11 IBSS WLAN is known and Data_Alert window 340 regular length, so that during described Data_Alert/ATIM window 340, each STA100 can send Data_Alert/ATIM frame 350 by another STA 100 that gives described IBSS and alarm to this another STA100: described STA100 has the data at this another STA.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention has replaced ATIM window 340 with the variable Data_Alert cycle 540, and replaced the ATIM agreement with the new Data_Alert agreement of using new End_of_Alert frame, to realize the target identical with the ATIM window 340 of the identical Data_Alert/ATIM frame 350 of use.In being applied to the new Data_AIert agreement of IBSS WLAN architecture, the implementer can change the probability (up to 100%) of all Data_Alert frames 350 of emission before any corresponding Frame 365 of emission, during the Data_Alert cycle 540 by changing the interframe space of being used by the End_of_Alert frame.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention has realized the target of ATIM window 340, and the ATIM window 340 that need not fix.In addition, the present invention has improved IEEE 802.11 IBSS WLAN by selecting the probability IBSS scope, launched all Data_Alert frames 350 before any Frame 465 of emission.Can select described probability, so that guarantee to send all described Frames.
Therefore the present invention is to the best of described problem or near best solution, and described problem is before sending any corresponding Frame 365, uses all available bandwidths to remove to send the Data_Alert frame 350 that is used for waiting for (just being buffered in memory 220) Frame 365.
In a preferred embodiment, select the interframe space longer, just long interframe space or LIFS than DIFS for described End_of_Alert frame.If described LIFS long enough had guaranteed so sent any End_of_Alert frame by STA before, all Data_Alert frames 350 are all sent by all STA 100 of IBSS.If selected short LIFS (but still big), do not guarantee before sending any End_of_Alert frame, to send all Data_Alert frames 350 than DIFS.This has also provided priority than End_of_Alert frame higher (but not being absolute) for Data_Alert frame 350.The use of short LIFS has been selected to send effectively the probability of all Data_Alert frames 100 before sending any End_of_Alert frame.Because described medium is idle (therefore losing time) during LIFS, short LIFS is preferred.On the other hand, LIFS is long more, can be big more in the quantity that sends the Data_Alert that sends before the End_of_Alert.
In described embodiment, described End_of_Alert be with the process of the described medium of Data_Alert frame contention in use the dedicated frame of the interframe space LIFS longer than DIFS.Described End_of_Alert frame uses the identical DCF medium joining procedure as Fig. 4 explanation, replaces the DIFS except it uses LIFS.
The operation in Data_Alert of the present invention cycle has been described in the flow chart of Fig. 6, and can have carried out described operation by the embodiment of the described operation of the system architecture 280 of each STA that is applied to IBSS WLAN.
May further comprise the steps at preferred embodiment illustrated in fig. 6:
STA revive in the target beacon time (the step 600-610 of Fig. 6)
In step 600, the STA 100 of all sleeps revives when described beacon interval 300 begins.In IBSS, each STA has the beacon of preparation in TBTT 330 emission, and is at war with to use random delay to insert described medium with all other STA 100 among the IBSS.Those STA 100 that win competition cancel all other unsettled beacon transmissions effectively.Therefore, except that the situation of beacon failure, in step 610, after described TBTT 330, beacon of each beacon interval 300 emission/reception.
Information source STA transmission is as much as possible to be used to wait for that the Data_Alert message of grouping is to corresponding
Destination STA (the step 620-650 of Fig. 6)
In a preferred embodiment, each information source STA preserves the tabulation of waiting for the grouping (for example grouping or the Frame of buffering in memory 220) that is launched into destination STA, and attempts to send Data_Alert frame 350 to appropriate purpose ground STA 100.In step 620, information source STA 100 determines whether they have received or sent any Frame 365 or End_of_Alert frame, and if it's not true, it determines whether to exist any Data_Alert that will send to destination STA in step 630.
If described STA has cushioned grouping, then described STA sends the Data_Alert that is used for one of them buffering packets in step 640 and arrives appropriate purpose ground STA, and repeating step 620.
If described STA does not have buffering packets in its memory 220, then described STA attempts to use described LIFS to broadcast the End_of_Alert frame in step 650, and repeating step 620 then.
The described process of repeating step 620-650 has successfully sent/has received the End_of_Alert frame or received at least one STA (comprising this STA) that indicates described IBSS WLAN up to described STA and has been through with and sends the Frame of its all unsettled Data_Alert.
In the present invention, all STA 100 of described IBSS still kept reviving during the Data_Alert cycle 540, just sent its all Data_Alert frame 350 up at least one STA of IBSS WLAN, if thereby any information source STA has the message at destination STA, then most of destination STA receive Data_Alert frame 350 according to the size of LIFS.
When STA when step 620 successfully sends the End_of_Alert frame, it is to be sent that other STA 100 among the described IBSS still can have uncompleted Data_Alert frame 350.In a preferred embodiment, the LIFS size in the End_of_Alert back-off procedure determines whether to send the Data_Alert of all or nearly all IBSS.
STA determines whether it has received or sent any Data Alert frame (step of Fig. 6
Rapid 660)
In a preferred embodiment, in step 660, described STA 100 checks whether it should still keep reviving and receives or send one or more Frame 365.If described STA sends Data_Alert frame 350 in step 640, described STA must still keep reviving, to send corresponding Frame 365.If described STA receives Data_Alert frame 350 from information source STA (not shown Fig. 6), described STA also must still keep reviving, up to receiving corresponding Frame 365.
If described STA does not send or receives any Data_Alert frame 350 as yet, there is not Frame 365 during described beacon interval 300, to be sent to described STA so, described STA100 can not send any Frame 365 to destination STA, because it has not been declared since nearest TBTT 330.Therefore described STA can enter sleep (low-power mode) in step 690.
STA transmission/reception is from any number of nearest TBTT with the declaration of cause Data Alert frame
According to frame (step 670 of Fig. 6,680 and 695)
In a preferred embodiment, described STA checks at first in step 670 whether it has any Frame that will send to destination STA, if any, it sends corresponding to any Frame 365 that sends to the Data_Alert frame 350 of destination STA from nearest TBTT 330 with the described STA of cause in step 680.Then, in step 690, described STA 100 receives all Frames 365 corresponding to each the Data_Alert frame 350 that receives with the described STA of cause from nearest TBTT 330.Then, because described STA does not have Frame 365 to send again and do not expect receiving data frames 365 again, described STA enters sleep in step 690.
As obviously finding out from foregoing, by eliminating fixing Data_Alert window 340, the invention has the advantages that, the time quantum that is assigned to send Data_Alert frame 350 is dynamically regulated by each STA during each beacon interval, with realize for how to minimize employed power maximize simultaneously the Frame 365 that during beacon interval 300, sends this problem of quantity near the best or best solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the existing control assembly of STA 230 is preferably revised with adjunct circuit/control logic, and obtaining equipment of the present invention and method, this for example is the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC) that is used to finish each step of Fig. 6 by interpolation.
In a preferred embodiment at IEEE 802.11 IBSS WLAN, equipment of the present invention and method have been replaced the ATIM window, make and replaced described fixing window with a time cycle effectively, the described time cycle is dynamically regulated, with by with any contention of the End_of_ATIM frame of special use in give ATIM priority and by use aforesaid LIFS to allow to send the ATIM of maximum quantity for the End_of_ATIM frame by each STA of described IBSS.
Though together with the current best mode that is considered to be in managing power among the IBSS WLAN (by send the Data_Alert frame of maximum quantities by all STA of described IBSS, and then by sending the End_of_Alert frame together with the special-purpose interframe space that is used for Data_Alert frame contention medium) the present invention described, but be to be understood that, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, is intended to cover the various modifications and the equivalence that are included in appended claims spirit and the scope on the contrary and arranges.
Claims (10)
1. method that is used for carrying out at the network with a plurality of wireless station STA (100) power management said method comprising the steps of:
Source STA (100) among described a plurality of STA (100) sends the Data_Alert frame (350) corresponding to Frame (365), described Frame (365) by this source STA (100) buffering so that be sent to destination STA (100) among described a plurality of STA (100);
When described source STA (100) does not have Data_Alert frame (350) to send again, the End_of_Alert frame that emission is special-purpose; And
If successfully launched the End_of_Alert frame of described special use, perhaps detect End_of_Alert or Frame (365) by the emission of another STA (100) among described a plurality of STA (100), then carry out following steps:
(a) send any Frame (365) that will send,
(b) receive any Frame (375) that will receive, and
(c) if there is not Frame will be sent out (365) or reception (375), just enter low-power mode.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described network is IEEE 802.11 independent basic service set IBSSWLAN.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said step of transmitting is further comprising the steps of: use special-purpose long interframe space LIFS in fallback procedures, to solve and the contention of other frame for medium, described other frame uses distributed coordination function DCF interframe space DIFS, wherein LIFS〉DIFS.
4. claim 1 or 3 method, further comprising the steps of:
In case described source STA (100) is in described low-power mode, just revive from described low-power mode at predetermined periodic target beacon transmit time T BTT (330);
Other STA (100) in described predetermined period TBTT (300) and described a plurality of STA (100) is at war with transmission beacon (310),
Wherein, the only STA (100) among described a plurality of STA (100) sends described beacon (310), and in case has sent described beacon (310), described only each step of a STA enforcement of rights requirement 1.
5. the method for claim 4, wherein said network is IEEE 802.11 independent basic service set IBSS WLAN (wireless local area network) WLAN.
6. method that is used at IEEE 802.11 independent basic service set IBSS WLAN (wireless local area network) WLAN saving powers, described WLAN (wireless local area network) has and comprises the beacon interval (300) that the Ad-hoc traffic indication message ATIM window (340) of data frame transfer window (345) is being followed in the back, and this method comprises the step of replacing described beacon interval by means of the method for claim 1 or 5.
7. equipment that is used for carrying out at the network with a plurality of wireless station STA (100) power management comprises:
Be used for sending device corresponding to the Data_Alert frame (350) of Frame (365), described Frame (365) by the buffering of the source STA (100) among described a plurality of STA (100) so that be sent to destination STA (100) among described a plurality of STA (100);
The device that is used for the End_of_Alert frame of emission special use when described source STA (100) does not have Data_Alert frame (350) to send again; And
If be used for successfully having launched the End_of_Alert frame of described special use or detect End_of_Alert or Frame (365), then carry out the device of following steps by another STA (100) of described a plurality of STA (100) emission:
(a) send any Frame (365) that will send,
(b) receive any Frame (375) that will receive, and
(c) if there is not Frame will be sent out (365) or reception (375), just enter low-power mode.
8. the equipment of claim 7, wherein said network is IEEE 802.11 independent basic service set IBSS WLAN (wireless local area network) WLAN, described WLAN (wireless local area network) has and comprises the beacon interval (300) that the Ad-hoc traffic indication message ATIM window (340) of data frame transfer window (345) is being followed in the back, and wherein said beacon interval (300) has been replaced.
9. the equipment of claim 7, also comprise a setback device, be used to use long interframe space LIFS to solve to use between the frame that DCF interframe space DIFS sends contention, so that LIFS for medium at described special-purpose End_of_Alert frame with by another STA (100)〉DIFS.
10. any one equipment among the claim 7-9, wherein:
In case described source STA (100) is in described low-power mode, then under the predeterminated target beacon transmissions time (330), periodically revive; And
Described a plurality of STA (100) is at war with to send beacon (310).
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| US45103103P | 2003-02-27 | 2003-02-27 | |
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| US60/477,209 | 2003-06-10 |
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| An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless LANs. Eun-Sun Jung, Nitin H. Vaidya.INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE Proceedings,Vol.3 . 2002 |
| An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless LANs. Eun-Sun Jung, Nitin H. Vaidya.INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE Proceedings,Vol.3 . 2002 * |
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