CN100535515C - Partly-premixed natural gas catalytic combustion device dispersed combustion method - Google Patents
Partly-premixed natural gas catalytic combustion device dispersed combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100535515C CN100535515C CNB2007100360454A CN200710036045A CN100535515C CN 100535515 C CN100535515 C CN 100535515C CN B2007100360454 A CNB2007100360454 A CN B2007100360454A CN 200710036045 A CN200710036045 A CN 200710036045A CN 100535515 C CN100535515 C CN 100535515C
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Abstract
This invention is a partial premix type catalytic combustion device low oxygen dispersing combustion method that is based on zonal combustion principle. The fuel is divided into first and second fuel and pass through first and second fuel pipes to flow into the upper and lower reach of catalyzing body. The catalyzing body, which thickness is 50-100mm, is arranged. The time premix gas passing through the catalyzing body is 0.1-0.5s. The temperature of catalyzing body lower reach gas phase space wall is high than 800deg.C. The catalyzing temperature is within 600-1000deg.C. When the air supplying coefficient is 1.05-3.75, the minimum percentage of first fuel is proportional to air supplying and is about 28-100%. When the air supplying coefficient is 1.05-2 , the maximum percentage of first fuel is proportional to air supplying and is about 52-100%. The gas out of catalyzing body is without fuel gas. Its oxygen percentage is less than 15%. The catalyzing body lower reach undertakes dispersing combustion. The catalyzer has long life span.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of partly-premixed type catalytic combustion system that fully utilizes catalytic body non-directional radiation heat transfer technology and gas-phase space big flame directed radiation heat transfer technology and enlarges the flame volume method.
Background technology in conventional flame combustion process, CO
2Discharge caused global greenhouse effect and NO
xDischarging faces a severe test human sustainable development.According to statistics in 2003, China GDP only accounted for the about 4% of world's total amount, but the oil that consumes accounts for the about 7.4% of world's total amount, consumes coal and accounts for world's total amount 31%.The newly-increased coal requirement of Future in China more than ten years domestic demand is about 9～10 * 10
9T.China's energy-consuming accounts for the world 8～9%, CO
2Discharging occupies the 2nd in the world, NO
xDischarge capacity is 48% of Asia.China's High-temp. kiln is the greatest contamination source of causing environmental destruction.Big-and-middle-sized Industrial Stoves soot emissions mostly exceed standard, and are wherein serious with coal furnace.Next is NO
xDischarging also very high, even oil burner has surpassed coal furnace.Reason be fuel oil with heavy oil be advocate peace to the control level of excessive air amount low due to.The disposal of pollutants situation of whole nation kiln is also like this substantially.Because the furnace temperature of most of kilns is all very high, thereby form NO
xThe rapid trend that rises.Electricity generation boiler surplus in the of totally 6000 such as the recovery boilers in the thermal power plant in Electricity Department, each province and city, the power plant for self-supply of each large enterprise and paper mill etc.Following civilian, industry of whole nation 20t/h and boiler for domestic have nearly 1 * 10
6Platform.Utilize natural gas to become the important measures that improve China's energy resource structure on a large scale.After adopting substitute gas solid fuel coal, atmospheric environment is effectively improved, but still has some major issues in the gas utilization process.Most conventional boiler are based on non-premixed diffusion combustion principle.It is unmixed going into as-fired fuel and air, goes into that fuel and air burn while mixing behind the stove, forms macroscopic flame.The flame volume is little, and the flame mean temperature is not high, and the device thermal efficiency is not high; Have the localized hyperthermia district in the burner hearth, the time of staying of fuel and air mixture in the high-temperature region is very short, adds that air and fuel mix are insufficient, and combustion reaction is incomplete; The localized hyperthermia district gives NO
xCondition has been created in generation, NO
xDischarge higher.
Catalytic combustion has multiple technical advantage as a kind of novel combustion system: can use in than scope in big combustion gas; Can (100～200kJ/mol) be reduced to that more low-level (40～80kJ/mol), initiation temperature reduces, and burning easily reaches stable, even need not extraneous the heat transfer behind the initiation temperature and just can finish oxidation reaction from conventional levels with combustion reaction activation energy; Help controlling NO
xDischarging; Combustion reaction is complete; The burner plate surface temperature maintains 1000 ℃ of temperature levels, and fuel factor is remarkable; Non-secondary pollution, the little and burning mitigation of noise.In air preheat to 1000 ℃ and contain the burning (dispersed combustion) that the oxysome volume concentrations is reduced to below 15% and have brand-new characteristic: blue look or colourless flame occur, the flame volume enlarges, and the flame peak temperature reduces, uniformity of temperature profile, the ignition temperature integral level raises, and the burning intensity reduces.China's steel industry low-oxygen dynamic combustion application has obtained energy-saving efficiency and has been higher than 30%, NO
xGood results such as discharging 30～50ppm.Therefore comprehensive catalytic combustion and dispersed combustion key technology overcome traditional flame combustion shortcoming, develop energy-efficient, low NO
xNatural gas catalytic combustion technology with the CO discharging has significant environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Summary of the invention is in order to overcome the yellow flame that traditional flame combustion has, and the thermal efficiency is on the low side, CO and NO
xDischarge shortcomings such as higher, the comprehensive catalytic combustion of the present invention, dispersed combustion, the non-directional radiation that comes from the catalytic body surface of solids and gas channel conducts heat and the directed radiation that comes from gas-phase space (temperature integral level height and volume are big) flame conducts heat, subregion combustion technology advantage proposes a kind of partly-premixed natural gas catalytic combustion device dispersed combustion method for organizing.
Catalytic combustion system comprises the premixer, equal pass gripper shoe, warm catalytic body in cellular, the primary fuel pipe, secondary fuel pipe and air hose, primary fuel pipe and air hose pass premixer's bottom wall and the premixer is connected, gripper shoe is formed top, premixer wall, catalytic body places on the gripper shoe and both gas channel central axes, the secondary fuel pipe passes the gas-phase space wall and its port of export that are connected with the catalytic body end face and exceed catalytic body end face 10～15mm on catalytic body end face perpendicular bisector, fuel is divided into one, secondary fuel is respectively by one, the secondary fuel pipe flows on the catalytic body, the downstream, the thick catalytic body of 50～100mm is set, and the catalytic body temperature is controlled at 600～1000 ℃ of scopes.
When using said apparatus to organize the catalysis dispersed combustion, premixed flow is spent the catalytic body time and is controlled in 0.1～0.5s scope, catalytic body downstream gas-phase space wall surface temperature is adjusted to more than 800 ℃, primary fuel pipe fuel minimum discharge and air are supplied in direct ratio when supplying 1.05～3.75 times of theoretical combustion airs, when supplying 1.05 times of theoretical combustion airs primary fuel pipe fuel minimum be 28% of whole fuel, when supplying 3.75 times of theoretical combustion airs whole fuel are fed the primary fuel pipe, primary fuel pipe fuel maximum stream flow and air are supplied in direct ratio when being supplied as 1.05～2 times of theoretical combustion airs, primary fuel pipe fuel mostly is 52% of whole fuel most when supplying 1.05 times of theoretical combustion airs, at most whole fuel is fed the primary fuel pipe when supplying 2 times of theoretical combustion airs.
When above-mentioned technological means is complete, primary fuel in surface catalysis burning by full consumption, the surface combustion product temperature that flows out catalytic body is higher than 800 ℃ and contain the oxysome volume concentrations and be lower than 15%, and the gas-phase space that is connected with the catalytic body end face can be realized dispersed combustion effectively.
Invent easy and simple to handlely, combustion completion is stable, and catalyst is safe in utilization, the GB6932-2001 requirement that is up to state standards of energy-conservation pollutant emission index.To reduce burning CO and NO
xPollute, tapping a new source of energy and saving energy and reduce the cost is application target, the various industry of natural gas fuel or high methane gas and civilian catalytic combustion boiler and heater, High-temp. kiln all can use the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the partly-premixed natural gas catalytic combustion device structural representation.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, partly-premixed catalytic combustion system is vertically arranged, mainly comprises primary fuel pipe 1, air hose 2, premixer 3, equal pass gripper shoes 4, cellular in warm catalytic body 5 and secondary fuel pipe 6.Fuel is divided into primary fuel and secondary fuel injects catalytic body 5 upstream and downstream respectively, and primary fuel injects premixer 3 by primary fuel pipe 1, and secondary fuel injects the combustion chamber by secondary fuel pipe 6.Primary fuel pipe 1 and air hose 2 pass premixer's 3 bottom wall and premixer 3 is connected.Gripper shoe 4 is formed premixer's 3 top walls, evenly arranges pore, and catalytic body 5 places on the gripper shoe 4, and gripper shoe 4 supports the weight of catalytic body 5.Catalytic body 5 inside are provided with the cellular gas channel that the combustion supply air pre-composition flows through, and the gas channel central axes of gripper shoe 4 and catalytic body 5.The gas-phase space that is connected with catalytic body 5 end faces is the combustion chamber.Catalytic body 5 is cellular, is middle warm type catalyst (keeping the catalytic performance corresponding temperature range is 400～1100 ℃), can also can be coating formula catalytic body for the monoblock type catalytic body.Secondary fuel pipe 6 is a quartz ampoule, and the ability combustion high temperature is passed combustion chamber wall surface.Secondary fuel pipe 6 ports of export are on catalytic body 5 end face perpendicular bisectors and exceed catalytic body 5 end faces 10～15mm, satisfy required oxygen molecule of combustion chamber dispersed combustion and combustion gas molecule than even contact mixing condition.
The primary fuel of sending into through primary fuel pipe 1 flows into premixer 3, and 3 li and the air sent into through air hose 2 evenly mix in the premixer.Premixed gas evenly flows through the gas channel of catalytic body 5 through gripper shoe 4.Premixed gas absorbs heat while flowing in catalytic body 5 gas channels, catalytic combustion takes place when being higher than 400 ℃ of natural gas initiation temperatures and consumes whole combustion gas.Catalytic body 5 temperature are 600～1000 ℃, can start the surface catalysis combustion reaction effectively.Catalytic body 5 height 50～100mm and from the premixer the 3 primary fuel premixed flow that flow out to spend 5 times of catalytic body be 0.1～0.5 second, by surface catalysis combustion kinetics feature as can be known, primary fuel when passing catalytic body 5 honeycomb channels because of the surface catalysis combustion reaction takes place by full consumption.Temperature was higher than 800 ℃ after the surface combustion product that flows out catalytic body 5 absorbed the heat release of burning, and satisfied the required combustion air current hot conditions of combustion chamber dispersed combustion.
The ratio (primary fuel percentage) of primary fuel in whole fuel determined with ratio (air accomodation coefficient) size of the required air capacity of theoretical burning is next according to the actual air supply, the surface combustion reaction of flowing out catalytic body contains the oxysome volume concentrations and is lower than 15%, satisfies the required combustion air current hypoxia condition of combustion chamber dispersed combustion.The air accomodation coefficient is 1.05～3.75 o'clock, primary fuel percentage minimum of a value is directly proportional with the air accomodation coefficient, be 28～100%, the air accomodation coefficient is that 1.05～2 o'clock primary fuel percentage maximums are directly proportional with the air accomodation coefficient, be 52～100%, the air accomodation coefficient is that 2～3.75 o'clock primary fuel percentage maximums are 100%.
The combustion chamber wall surface heat-insulating property is good and regulate back device thermic load, makes the chamber wall surface temperature be higher than 800 ℃, satisfies the required wall hot conditions of combustion chamber dispersed combustion.
The combustion-supporting gas that flows out from catalytic body 5 contacts mixing with the secondary fuel of sending into through secondary fuel pipe 6 in the combustion chamber, the whole secondary fuels of low-oxygen dynamic combustion consumption take place, and the flame volume increases, and the flame temperature peak value reduces, and the Fire Radiation heat exchange is strengthened.
Invention is applicable in air accomodation coefficient 1.05～3.75 scopes and uses, can use high-purity, high heating value or high concentration gas fuel under low air accomodation coefficient condition.Hour primary fuel share is little for the air accomodation coefficient, and the primary fuel share was big when the air accomodation coefficient was big.Gas concentration in the control premixer 3, natural gas volume percentage low (＜5%), outside the natural gas explosive range, catalytic combustion is a lean burn, there are not problems such as premixer's heating power tempering detonation, can can reduce the air current flow resistance effectively and reduce catalytic body 5 processing costs without limits catalytic body 5 gas channel aperture sizes.
The burning of subregion theory of combustion tissue is pressed in invention.The primary fuel burning is the surface catalysis burning, the burning heat release changes in catalyst 5 solid wall surfaces and the pore flammule into to the radiation heat transfer (non-directional radiation heat transfer) of heating surface, the secondary fuel burning is a low-oxygen dynamic combustion, and the burning heat release changes the radiation heat transfer (directed radiation heat transfer) of the big flame of temperature integral level height and volume and surface area to heating surface into.Flame combustion in the traditional combusting device is replaced by flameless combustion of the present invention, tradition flammule directed radiation conducts heat and is replaced by " catalytic combustion pore and solid wall surface non-directional radiation heat transfer+dispersed combustion large volume flame directed radiation conduct heat " of the present invention or " catalytic combustion pore and solid wall surface non-directional radiation conduct heat ", integrated application catalytic combustion and dispersed combustion technology, the invention energy-efficient performance improves.Burner is gone into stokehold air and fuel and is mixed based on the premixed combustion principle, blue look or colourless flame occur; Catalyst has reduced combustion reaction activation energy; It is big that gas-phase space dispersed combustion flame volume becomes, and the reaction zone scope is widened, and has prolonged the time of staying of combustible gas in high temperature reaction zone.Three factors make efficiency of combustion improve, and the fuel utilization is more abundant, obviously reduces CO content in smoke, reduces environmental pollution.Catalytic combustion has used catalysts selective, can not reduce NO
xThe needed activation energy of reaction of formation.The burning face width of catalytic combustion, unit are burning heat release reduces, and the flame peak temperature reduces.Combustion chamber dispersed combustion flame volume is big, and unit volume burning heat release reduces, and the flame peak temperature reduces.Three factor heating power type NO generate and are inhibited.
Experiment shows: invention can use high-purity, high heating value or high concentration natural gas under low air accomodation coefficient condition, combustion completion is stable, catalyst is safe in utilization, the GB6932-2001 requirement that is up to state standards of energy-conservation and pollutant emission index, the thermal efficiency surpasses 98%, content of CO in smoke is lower than 600ppm, NO
xContent is lower than 25ppm.
Claims (1)
1. catalytic combustion device dispersed combustion method, fuel is divided into primary fuel and secondary fuel flows into the catalytic body upstream and downstream by primary fuel pipe and secondary fuel pipe respectively, catalytic body adjustment to 600～1000 ℃, catalytic body thickness is 50～100mm, it is characterized in that: premixed flow is spent the catalytic body time and is controlled at 0.1～0.5s, catalytic body downstream gas-phase space wall surface temperature is adjusted to more than 800 ℃, when supplying 1.05～3.75 times of theoretical combustion airs, primary fuel pipe fuel minimum discharge and air are supplied in direct ratio, when supplying 1.05 times of theoretical combustion airs, primary fuel pipe fuel is minimum to be 28% of whole fuel, when supplying 3.75 times of theoretical combustion airs, whole fuel are fed the primary fuel pipe, when being supplied as 1.05～2 times of theoretical combustion airs, primary fuel pipe fuel maximum stream flow and air are supplied in direct ratio, when supplying 1.05 times of theoretical combustion airs, primary fuel pipe fuel mostly is 52% of whole fuel most, at most whole fuel is fed the primary fuel pipe when supplying 2 times of theoretical combustion airs.
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| CNB2007100360454A CN100535515C (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2007-11-05 | Partly-premixed natural gas catalytic combustion device dispersed combustion method |
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| CNB2007100360454A CN100535515C (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2007-11-05 | Partly-premixed natural gas catalytic combustion device dispersed combustion method |
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| CN101149148A CN101149148A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| CN100535515C true CN100535515C (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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| CN108105801A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-06-01 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of soft combustion method of new catalysis |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4731989A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1988-03-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method |
| US4893465A (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1990-01-16 | Engelhard Corporation | Process conditions for operation of ignition catalyst for natural gas combustion |
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- 2007-11-05 CN CNB2007100360454A patent/CN100535515C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4731989A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1988-03-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method |
| US4893465A (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1990-01-16 | Engelhard Corporation | Process conditions for operation of ignition catalyst for natural gas combustion |
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| CN101149148A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
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Granted publication date: 20090902 Termination date: 20101105 |