CN100534191C - Coding method of dynamic image - Google Patents
Coding method of dynamic image Download PDFInfo
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- CN100534191C CN100534191C CN 200410051627 CN200410051627A CN100534191C CN 100534191 C CN100534191 C CN 100534191C CN 200410051627 CN200410051627 CN 200410051627 CN 200410051627 A CN200410051627 A CN 200410051627A CN 100534191 C CN100534191 C CN 100534191C
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Abstract
This invention relates to an encoding method to motion images including extracting motion vectors to the input images by motion compensation and prediction, carrying out DCT to said image and designing initial quantization parameters, then hiding data of the parameters and changing the quantization parameters to see if the data are hidden to carry out quantization process utilizing the changed parameters, finally varying the degree values in the blocks in the unit of DCT to operate on the data hiding. This invention compares the initial quantization parameter with the being hidden data bit to vary the parameter and the result of the comparison is that the value of the initial quantizaiton parameter divided by 2 is equal to the being hidden data bit.
Description
[technical field]
What relate in this invention is video encoding method, the particularly moving video encoding method of hiding data in multimedia image.
[background technology]
Developed recently a lot, data hidden in digital multimedia (content, video, audio frequency), has been extracted hiding data when the user needs, carried out the technology of associative operation.Above-mentioned technology can be divided into technology that needs the hiding former notebook data of free of data and the technology that does not need former notebook data substantially.
Initial stage is hidden in the data in the digital multimedia, mainly is author's copyright.Because digital multimedia can carry out duplicating of former notebook data, therefore can't protect author's copyright.For this reason, can in digital multimedia, show the particular data of all information of author, be hidden in the former notebook data, whenever necessary, extract this hiding data, prove its copyright.In addition, secret communication (secret communication) or prevent from also can use above-mentioned data hiding technique in the data piracy fields such as (piracy).Like this, the technology of hiding data has range of application more widely in the digital multimedia.
But, sometimes need former notebook data in the data hidden, sometimes then need complicated cryptographic calculation rule.Therefore, the application of this method is subjected to great restriction.Particularly, carry out in real time in the application of data communication,, therefore need, do not use former notebook data, and do not influence the fast speed data hidden algorithm of real-time communication owing to can not use former notebook data.
Particularly, use recently in the moving image image communication of multimedia more widely, need faster more simple calculations rule carry out data hidden.And, to carry out after data hidden handles, data volume must not increase, and can not have image quality to change.
On the one hand, general multimedia is moved image, because its data volume is bigger, in order to be applicable to the image communication, must carry out data compression.
[summary of the invention]
The purpose of this invention is exactly that the moving video encoding method with following characteristics will be provided: utilize in the moving image of multimedia of video coder the data that prior cache needs; Whenever necessary, can extract above-mentioned hiding data; In this process, the data volume that is encoded can not increase, and the image quality variation can not take place; Moreover, when extracting hiding data, need not former notebook data.
In order to achieve the above object, the moving video encoding method in this invention comprises following step content: step 1, at the image of input, by dynamic compensation and dynamic prediction, extract dynamic vector, this image is carried out DCT, and set initial stage quantization parameter; Step 2 is carried out data hidden to setting the quantization parameter, and change quantization parameter, makes it whether recognize data hidden; Step 3 is utilized the quantization parameter that has changed, carries out quantization and handles; Step 4 with the block unit of carrying out DCT, changes grade (level) value in each piece, carries out the data hidden operation.
In this invention, when carrying out data hidden and change quantization parameter, after the initial stage, the quantization parameter was set, this value and the data bit that will hide are compared, change the quantization parameter in view of the above.
In addition, in the process of data hidden of this invention and change quantization parameter, above-mentioned initial stage quantization parameter is removed identical with the data bit value that will hide with 2 value.
And in the process of data hidden of this invention and change quantization parameter, above-mentioned initial stage quantization parameter is removed with 2 value when inequality, increases ' 1 ' with the quantization parameter value with the data bit value that will hide.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the another kind of example of moving video encoding method will comprise following step content in this invention: at the image of input, by dynamic compensation and dynamic prediction, extract dynamic vector, and this image is carried out DCT, and set initial stage quantization parameter; Step 2 is utilized then and has been set the quantization parameter, carries out quantization and handles; Step 3 to grade point in the piece of carrying out DCT (the DCT coefficient removes the value with the quantization parameter), is carried out data hidden and is handled; Then, the change grade point makes it whether recognize data hidden.
In this invention, carry out data hidden when handling at grade point in the piece of the above-mentioned DCT of carrying out, with above-mentioned be unit, utilize closing of grade to carry out data hidden and handle.
In addition, in the process of data hidden of this invention and change grade point, above-mentioned is removed identical with the data bit value that will hide with 2 value for closing of the grade of unit.
And, in the process of data hidden of this invention and change grade point, above-mentioned for closing of the grade of unit remove with 2 value with the data bit value that will hide when inequality, the grade point minimum to the naked eyes susceptibility reduces ' 1 '; Here, the minimum grade of so-called naked eyes susceptibility is to possess the grade of edge high frequency in the associated ratings.
In addition, the data hidden of this invention and the change grade point process in, if above-mentioned block unit grade be combined into ' 1 ', the data that hide are ' 0 '; Closing of above-mentioned block unit grade is adjusted into ' 0 ', and do not carry out data hidden and handle.
Also have, in the process of data hidden of this invention and change grade point, if above-mentioned block unit grade be combined into ' 0 ', just do not carry out the data hidden processing.
In order to achieve the above object, another example of the moving video encoding method in this invention will comprise following step content: step 1, at the image of input, by dynamic compensation and dynamic prediction, extract dynamic vector, and this image is carried out DCT, and set initial stage quantization parameter; Step 2 is carried out the 1st secondary data and is hidden the above-mentioned quantization parameter of having set, and changes above-mentioned quantization parameter, makes it recognize that whether the 1st secondary data hide; Step 3 is utilized the above-mentioned quantization parameter that changed, carries out quantization and handles; Step 4 is carried out the 2nd secondary data to grade point in the piece of above-mentioned execution DCT (the DCT coefficient removes the value with the quantization parameter) and is hidden and handle, and changes above-mentioned grade point, makes it recognize that whether the 2nd secondary data hide.
In this invention, carry out that above-mentioned the 1st secondary data hide to be handled and the process of quantization parameter modification in, it change the result, above-mentioned initial stage quantization parameter remove with 2 value with want the bit value of hiding data identical.
In addition, in this invention, carry out that above-mentioned the 2nd secondary data hide to be handled and the process of grade point change in, it change the result, the closing of above-mentioned block unit grade remove with 2 value with want the bit value of hiding data identical.
Tell about as the front, this invention has the following advantages: utilize in the moving image of multimedia of video coder, in advance the data that need of cache; Whenever necessary, can extract above-mentioned hiding data; In this process, the data volume that is encoded can not increase, and the image quality variation can not take place; Moreover, when extracting hiding data, need not former notebook data.
As telling about the front, the moving video encoding method that this invention provides can be hidden into desired data in advance in the moving image of multimedia by the video coder, and when needed, can extract the data that are hidden; In addition, this invention also has the data volume that is encoded can not increased, and image quality do not change, and extract when being hidden data need not former notebook data advantage.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the summary displayed map of cataloged procedure in the common moving video encoding method.
Fig. 2 is in the moving video encoding method that provides of this invention, utilizes the quantization parameter to carry out the procedure declaration figure of data hidden.
Fig. 3 is in the moving video encoding method that provides of this invention, utilizes grade point to carry out the procedure declaration figure of data hidden.
Fig. 4 is in the moving video encoding method that provides of this invention, comprises the data hidden process, the procedural order figure that encodes.
[embodiment]
With reference to the accompanying drawings, this invention example is elaborated.
Pointed out in this invention, in advance data hidden has been moved in the image in multimedia, extracted data under covering when needing, and carried out the moving video encoding method of action required.
Here, so-called data hidden be in advance with data hidden in digital multimedia, during to needs, therefrom extract the technology of the information that is hidden again.The technology of above-mentioned hiding data substantially can be divided into the technology of extracting the former notebook data of needs when hiding Info and technology that need not former notebook data.The data hidden mode that will point out in this invention is, originally the method for information.
In the moving video encoding method that this invention provides, the hiding of data carries out when video compression.For this reason, at first with reference to Fig. 1, the moving image coding process in the video compression is carried out simple explanation.Fig. 1 is the summary displayed map of cataloged procedure in the common moving video encoding method.
General moving image coding process as shown in Figure 1, by motion compensation (motioncompensation) and motion prediction (motion estimation), from the input image, extract motion vector (motion vector), and this image is carried out DCT and quantization processing.More effective for the data compression process that makes quantization data, it is carried out Variable Length Code (VLC encoding).
And image and image addition in the past through inverse guantization (IQ) and inverse DCT (IDCT) processing revert to existing image; And utilize this image to calculate the inferior image of next image.Form video data compression by the way.
On the one hand, during hiding data, can not image quality difference appear with former notebook data; Even the formation data hidden can not increase compressed data volume.In the video compression, compressed data volume means the amount that will transmit, if compressed data increases, its transmission expense also can increase.
By to parameter that is applicable to data compression in the process of compressing the input image or the distortion of importing interdependence value in the image, realize data hidden.When carrying out video compression,, its image quality or compressed data amount there is not the part of much images if hiding data deforms even must choose by data hidden original parameter or former notebook data.And its numerical value can adopt quantization parameter (QP) and DCT coefficient to remove ' level ' value with the quantization parameter.
Shown among Fig. 2 and utilized the quantization parameter to carry out the process of data hidden.Fig. 2 is in the moving video encoding method that provides of this invention, utilizes the quantization parameter to carry out the procedure declaration figure of data hidden.
As noted earlier, what adjustment was encoded data volume is the quantization parameter.The quantization parameter is that the coefficient value that the difference value of importing image or input image is carried out DCT carries out the parameter that division is handled.Along with the increase of quantization parameter, the value of removing the DCT coefficient also can increase; Therefore, if the data volume that is encoded reduces, the quantization parameter reduces, and the value of removing the DCT coefficient also can reduce, and therefore the data volume that is encoded will increase.
And when moving image by network transmission video, the compression of data will meet the network bandwidth.If the network bandwidth is than broad, its communication data amount also can be many; Therefore the amount that is encoded also can increase, and image quality also can make moderate progress.On the contrary, the network bandwidth is narrow, and its traffic will be lacked; Therefore the amount that is encoded also can reduce, and image quality also can be low to some extent.As noted earlier, according to network condition, the data volume that can utilize the quantization parameter adjustment to be encoded, this is to carry out the data hidden operation.
As described in Figure 2, the difference value image of input image or input image is carried out according to the network bandwidth, setting suitable quantization parameter after DCT handles.This quantization parameter joins the macro block head, and is applicable to compressing image is carried out in the process of decoding processing.At this moment, utilize actual quantization parameter, before quantization is handled, carry out data hidden and handle.Here, the data hidden process is as follows:
QP_new?％2＝＝Hide?bit[k]
QP_new is change not
QP_new?％2！＝Hide?bit[k]
QP_new＝QP_new+1；
Hide bit[k]: the data bit flow that hide
Handle if carry out data hidden, when in the decoder packed data being decoded, can extract the data that are hidden according to the quantization parameter value by said process.In decoder, if the quantization parameter is even numbers, it is hidden data is ' 0 '; If the quantization parameter is an odd number, it is hidden data is ' 1 '.
At this moment, for hiding data, slightly change the quantization parameter in the encoder.In other words, if hiding data and quantization parameter except that inequality with 2 value, increase ' 1 ' with the quantization parameter value, make the value of removing with 2 identical.At this moment, the value of removing the DCT coefficient can increase, and therefore the data volume that is encoded will reduce.But, the low phenomenon of the image quality that arrives that people can with the naked eye feel can not take place.
On the one hand, what Fig. 3 showed is exactly that input video or difference value video DCT coefficient value are carried out the value ' level ' that quantization is handled, and carries out the process of data hidden again.Fig. 3 is in the moving video encoding method that provides of this invention, utilizes grade point to carry out the procedure declaration figure of data hidden.
In the moving video coding method that this invention provides,, input image or difference value image are carried out the DCT processing in order to compress.Then,, specify the quantization parameter, and adjust the bit quantity that is encoded according to the bandwidth that will transmit.The value of being divided by by the quantization parameter is exactly the DCT coefficient.
DCT carries out with the 8*8 block unit among Fig. 3.Carry out being suitable for the quantization parameter in the piece that DCT handles, remove again and coefficient value; At this moment, the value of being divided by with the quantization parameter is exactly ' level '.' level ' that utilization draws from each piece can carry out data hidden and handle.Here, data hidden is handled and can followingly be carried out.
LevelSum?％2＝＝Hide?Bit[k]
Level does not have change
LevelSum?％2！＝Hide?Bit[k]
The level value that importance degree is minimum among the Level reduces 1
LevelSum: the value of all piece level additions
Each ' level ' do not carried out data hidden and handle, and be exactly, may exert an influence to the reason of the value of ' level ' addition being carried out the data hidden processing image quality if each ' level ' carried out data hidden to be handled with block unit.' Level ' is that the DCT coefficient removes the value with the quantization parameter, so the quantization parameter is big more, and the DCT coefficient scope of ' level ' meaning also will be big more.
For example, even ' level ' value is similarly ' 1 ', if the quantization parameter is 10, its DCT scope may be 10 to 19; If the quantization parameter is 30, possible DCT scope is 30-59.Therefore, calculate ' sum ' of ' level ' with the 8*8 block unit after, if ' sum ' of ' level ' removes with 2 value and want the bit value of hiding data identical, just do not have ' level ' and change; If inequality, ' level ' value that importance degree is minimum reduces 1.
Here, ' level ' that so-called importance degree is minimum is meant, the minimum part of susceptibility in the naked eyes.People's eyes are low relatively to the susceptibility of high-frequency region, therefore want hiding data bit and will ' level sum ' removes inequality with 2 value, to having ' level ' value minimizing 1 of edge high frequency.
In other words, if ' level sum ' is ' 16 ', and the bit that insert is ' 1 ', and as ' level ' value minimizing ' 1 ' of this block edge high-frequency region, ' level sum ' becomes ' 15 ' to make piece; Like this, ' it is identical with 2 value meeting that level sum ' removes to hide bit and general.
But, if ' problem will take place for ' 1 ' in level sum '.If ' level sum ' is ' 1 ', and hide bit is ' 1 '; The edge sensitive degree reduces ' 1 ' than ' level ' of lower part, and what make whole pieces is combined into ' 0 '.But, originally piece be combined into ' 0 ' piece, again can not reduce ' level ', therefore can not hiding data.So just be difficult to differentiate, ' level sum ' is ' 1 ', handles by data hidden, and ' level sum ' becomes ' 0 ' piece and ' level sum ' is ' 0 ', and can't carry out the piece of data hidden originally originally.
In this invention,, adopted following method in order to prevent this wrong phenomenon.' level ' be combined into ' 1 ' time, if the data of hiding are ' 1 ', just in this piece, insert data.Even like this, closing yet of ' level ' can not change.If ' level ' is combined into ' 1 ', hiding data is ' 0 ', and just the closing of ' level ' with this piece is transformed to ' 0 ', and does not carry out numeral and hide processing.' level ' be combined into ' 0 ' time, will judge ' not having hiding data in this piece ' in the decoder.
Except that being combined in all pieces ' 1 ' the piece of ' level ', if the data of hiding with self piece to close the value of removing with 2 identical, ' level ' of piece just can not change; Otherwise, can be with ' level ' minimizing ' 1 ' of edge sensitive degree, with this hiding data than lower part.
' level ' is combined into ' 1 ' piece, if the data of hiding be ' 1 ', just carries out the data hidden processing; If hiding data is ' 0 ', handle with regard to not carrying out data hidden, just ' level ' value with piece changes to ' 0 '.In addition, ' level ' be combined into ' 0 ' time, can not carry out data hidden yet and handle.
What Fig. 4 was shown is exactly whole orders of above-mentioned data hidden operation.Fig. 4 is in the moving video encoding method that provides of this invention, comprises the data hidden process, the procedural order figure that encodes.
In case receive video image, general video coder will carry out DCT and quantization is handled, and handles through VLC then, finishes compression.To being carried out quantization when handling by the DCT data processed, according to the bit stream of wanting hiding data, if remove the quantization parameter with 2 value and want the bit value of hiding data inequality, can be with quantization parameter value increase ' 1 '.
And, utilize and hide the quantization parameter of handling through numeral, carry out quantization and handle.Finishing the DCT value that quantization handles is exactly ' level ', and is unit with the piece, and the data hidden processing is carried out in closing of utilization ' level '.The closing of ' level ' of piece removed with 2 value and wanted the bit value of hiding data inequality, with ' level ' value minimizing ' 1 ' of susceptibility lowermost portion in the piece.' level ' be combined into ' 1 ' time, optionally carry out data hidden; If ' 0 ', just do not carry out data hidden.
Utilize above-mentioned moving video encoding method, in the process of utilizing video coder compressing multimedia data, can carry out the data hidden operation.If utilize the moving video encoding method in this invention, in common moving image compression process, required information can be saved in the compressed information flow, and can extract the information of preserving in required place, and can extensive use.
For example, can hide the author of certain moving image,, just can not see relevant moving image perhaps if not the specific user.In the another one example, can utilize the mistake that takes place in the corresponding communication environment of data-hiding method, perhaps may be used on more effectively hiding in the operation that makes a mistake.Hiding of data, purpose that can be required, the data that selection will be hidden according to the user; Therefore, related application can also be adapted in the more field except the content of prompting here.
Claims (11)
1, moving video encoding method comprises:
Step 1 at the image of input, by dynamic compensation and dynamic prediction, is extracted dynamic vector, this image is carried out discrete cosine transform, and set initial stage quantization parameter;
Step 2 carry out data hidden to setting the quantization parameter, and the list of modification registration is according to the quantization parameter of whether hiding;
Step 3 is utilized the quantization parameter that has changed, carries out quantization and handles;
Step 4 with the block unit of carrying out discrete cosine transform, changes the grade point in each piece, carries out the data hidden operation,
In the process of data hidden and change quantization parameter, above-mentioned initial stage quantization parameter is identical with the data bit value that will hide divided by 2 value.
2, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
In the process of data hidden and change quantization parameter, above-mentioned initial stage quantization parameter when inequality, increases ' 1 ' with the quantization parameter value with the data bit value that will hide divided by 2 value.
3, moving video encoding method comprises:
Step 1 at the image of input, by dynamic compensation and dynamic prediction, is extracted dynamic vector, and this image is carried out discrete cosine transform, and sets initial stage quantization parameter;
Step 2 is utilized then and has been set the quantization parameter, carries out quantization and handles;
Step 3 is carried out data hidden to grade point in the piece of carrying out discrete cosine transform and is handled, and wherein said interior grade point is the value of discrete cosine transform coefficient divided by the quantization parameter;
Then, the grade point whether list of modification registration certificate is hidden,
In the process that above-mentioned data hidden is handled and grade point changes, it changes the result, and above-mentioned block unit grade sum is identical with the bit value of wanting hiding data divided by 2 value.
4, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
The above-mentioned grade point that carries out in the piece that discrete cosine transform handles is carried out data hidden when handling, utilize above-mentioned be the grade sum of unit, carry out the data hidden processing.
5, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
In the process of above-mentioned data hidden and change grade point, above-mentioned for the grade sum of unit divided by 2 value with the data bit value that will hide when inequality, the grade point minimum to the naked eyes susceptibility reduces ' 1 '.
6, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that:
The minimum grade of so-called naked eyes susceptibility is to possess the grade of edge high frequency in the associated ratings.
7, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
In the process of above-mentioned data hidden and change grade point, if above-mentioned block unit grade sum is ' 1 ', the data that hide are ' 0 '; Above-mentioned block unit grade sum is adjusted into ' 0 ', and does not carry out data hidden and handle.
8, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
In the process of above-mentioned data hidden and change grade point,, handle with regard to not carrying out data hidden if above-mentioned block unit grade sum is ' 0 '.
9, moving video encoding method comprises:
Step 1 at the image of input, by dynamic compensation and dynamic prediction, is extracted dynamic vector, and this image is carried out discrete cosine transform, and sets initial stage quantization parameter;
Step 2 is carried out the 1st secondary data and is hidden the above-mentioned quantization parameter of having set, and changes above-mentioned quantization parameter and whether hide to represent the 1st secondary data;
Step 3 is utilized the above-mentioned quantization parameter that changed, carries out quantization and handles;
Step 4, grade point in the piece of above-mentioned execution discrete cosine transform is carried out the 2nd secondary data hide processing, and change above-mentioned grade point and whether hide to represent the 2nd secondary data, wherein said interior grade point is the value of discrete cosine transform coefficient divided by the quantization parameter.
10, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned the 1st secondary data is hidden in the process of processing and quantization parameter modification, and it changes the result, and above-mentioned initial stage quantization parameter is identical with the bit value of wanting hiding data divided by 2 value.
11, moving video encoding method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned the 2nd secondary data is hidden in the process of processing and grade point change, and it changes the result, and the value of closing divided by 2 of above-mentioned block unit grade is identical with the bit value of wanting hiding data.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410051627 CN100534191C (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | Coding method of dynamic image |
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| CN 200410051627 CN100534191C (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | Coding method of dynamic image |
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| CN1753499A CN1753499A (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| CN100534191C true CN100534191C (en) | 2009-08-26 |
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