A kind of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of pharmaceutical preparations, relate to a kind of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand and preparation method thereof.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind ofly have stable lactone type structure, can avoid intravital reticuloendothelial system phagocytic and can stablize long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand of storage and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In 60~seventies of 20th century, from Fructus seu radix camptothecae acuminatae (Fructus Camptothecae Acuminatae) separation and Extraction go out a kind of micro-alkaloid-hydroxy camptothecin that antitumaous effect is the strongest in similar antitumor monomer (10-hydroxycamptothecin, HCPT).HCPT belongs to cell cycle specific agents, mainly acts on DNA synthesis stage (S phase), and it is applied to clinical the eighties in last century.Pharmacological research shows that the anticancer mechanism of HCPT is for suppressing DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I), and it all has certain curative effect to ascitic type liver cancer, tumor of head and neck, gastric cancer, bladder cancer and leukemia.HCPT belongs to cytotoxic alkaloid, in kill cancer cell, normal cell is had tangible influence, and its toxic reaction mainly shows urinary system, digestive system, and to inhibition of hemopoietic function etc.(camptothecin, CPT), particularly the urinary system reaction is few, easier clinically being accepted but HCPT toxicity is starkly lower than camptothecine.The subject matter that HCPT exists is: the half-life short (about 30min), need repetitively administered; Fat-soluble, water solublity is all bad, as HCPT being made the water solublity sodium salt of open loop form, then its active anticancer reduces 90wt%, toxic and side effects increases; The lactonic ring of HCPT is to the pH value sensitivity, and pharmacologically active descends greatly after the open loop.
At present, HCPT is applied to clinical with sodium-salt parenteral solution (Chinese patent publication number CN 1739515A), sodium salt powder pin (Chinese patent publication number CN 1376468A) and tablet forms such as (Chinese patent publication number CN1397279A).Sodium-salt parenteral solution is to be opened into salt by the lactonic ring that makes HCPT with sodium hydroxide to make, and the active anticancer of its open loop structure is low, and retention time is short in human body, is difficult to enter histiocyte by biomembrane, thereby has reduced its curative effect.And owing to have phenolic hydroxyl group in the HCPT molecular structure of sodium-salt parenteral solution, it is exposed in the air or meets photo-labile, is easy to oxidation and hydrolysis, causes HCPT content to descend like this.Sodium salt powder pin has solved the problem of unstable that sodium-salt parenteral solution exists, but still has the problem that lactonic ring open loop curative effect is low and the half-life is short.In addition, the tablet oral administration is suitable for treating gastroenteric tumor, but along with the increasing of dosage, will increase the gastrointestinal toxic and side effects.
Because the half-life of HCPT is short, is mainly used in poky tumor treatment, so require long-term prescription.Many studies show that, administration nano-drug administration system have good targeting and slow releasing function, help the anticancer therapy that such needs long-term prescription and the fast medicine of metabolism.Other dosage form of HCPT just under study for action has polylactic acid nano particle (Chinese patent notification number CN1167469C), liposome (Chinese patent publication number CN 1537534A), Emulsion (Chinese patent publication number CN 1493289A) etc. now.According to report, these preparations have increased stability of drug, improved interior distribution of body of medicine, improved curative effect, but all shown the higher selectivity of reticuloendothelial system (liver, spleen etc.), therapeutical effect to hepatocarcinoma is better, but if lesions position not at reticuloendothelial system, such preparation can increase the toxicity of medicine to reticuloendothelial system.
Nano-lipid carrier is that come by the solid lipid nanoparticle development a kind of can effectively avoid the novel drug-loading system that the put procedure Chinese medicine effluxes, envelop rate reduces.The problem that solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) exists is, SLN is made by single matrix material, after the high pressure homogenize cooling, lipid trends towards forming the crystallization of more perfect rule, thereby causes effluxing or separating out in the dispersive aqueous phase crystallization of SLN of the medicine that is wrapped in preparation process.In addition, the lipid crystallization meeting of high-sequential limits its medicine carrying ability.And by in solid-state matrix material, adding and the very big fluid oil of its chemical difference opposite sex, the fusing point of nanoparticle is reduced, make nano-lipid carrier, just can improve the SLN drug loading little and place in the problem that reduces of envelop rate.Nano-lipid carrier has that the compatibility of SLN adjuvant is good, the release in vitro controllability is strong, be easy to advantage such as large-scale production, has avoided the defective of the poor stability that SLN brings owing to the formation rule crystallization again.
Solid-state matrix material is the carrier of hydroxy camptothecin, and different ingredients need select for use corresponding matrix material as pharmaceutical carrier, and different pharmaceutical carriers need screen different emulsifying agents and additives kind.Fluid oil is to guarantee that drug-carrying nanometer particle exists with non-rule crystallization form, as existing with solid-state crystal defect or unformed form.The effect of emulsifying agent and additives is to form stable emulsifying agent film packaging medicine and matrix material.The effect of PEG modified ester is that the surface of nanoparticle is modified, and makes it can avoid engulfing by liver, spleen reticuloendothelial system in vivo.
Therefore, the novel form of researching and developing out HCPT is very important to overcome the problems referred to above.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel form of hydroxy camptothecin, i.e. long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand, said preparation makes hydroxy camptothecin have stable lactone type structure, is not subjected to the influence of environment pH value; And can avoid reticuloendothelial system phagocytic in the body, thereby reach the tumor tissues passive target, improve bioavailability, improve the purpose of patient's compliance.
The long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand that provides is provided another object of the present invention, can overcome the phenomenon that solid lipid nanoparticle put procedure Chinese medicine effluxes, envelop rate reduces, and makes preparation can stablize storage.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand of the present invention.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand, it is made up of hydroxy camptothecin, solid-state matrix material, fluid oil, emulsifying agent, PEG modified ester and the water for injection of treatment effective dose basically.
Particularly, in technique scheme, long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand provided by the invention contains following composition:
Hydroxy camptothecin 0.01~2wt%
Solid-state matrix material 1~20wt%
Fluid oil 0.1~10wt%
Emulsifying agent 0.5~10wt%
PEG modified ester 1~10wt%
Additives 0~10wt%
The water for injection surplus.
Preferably, long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand of the present invention contains following composition:
Hydroxy camptothecin 0.01~1wt%
Solid-state matrix material 3~10wt%
Fluid oil 0.1~5wt%
Emulsifying agent 0.5~8wt%
PEG modified ester 2~8wt%
Additives 0~5wt%
The water for injection surplus.
Described solid-state matrix material is selected from the triacylglycerol class, as tripalmitin, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl monostearate, behenic acid list/pair/the mixture with triglycerides thing; Fatty acid is as stearic acid, Palmic acid; The waxiness class is as cetyl palmitate, spermol cetylate; Steroid is as cholesterol; And combination in any.Preferably, this solid-state matrix material is tripalmitin, glyceryl monostearate or Glyceryl Behenate.
Described fluid oil is selected from crude vegetal, as soybean oil, Oleum Arachidis hypogaeae semen, safflower oil, olive oil; Chain length is at C
8~C
10Between medium chain fatty glyceride (medium-chainglyceride, be called for short MCT); Oleic acid; Linoleic acid; Isopropyl myristate; Vitamin E; Vitamin A; The vitamin esters; And combination in any.Preferably, this fluid oil is that soybean oil, chain length are at C
8~C
10Between medium chain fatty glyceride or vitamin E.
Described emulsifying agent comprises fat-soluble emulsifier and water soluble emulsifier.Described fat-soluble emulsifier is selected from phospholipid, as lecithin, soybean lecithin, Ovum Gallus domesticus Flavus lecithin, hydrolecithin; The smooth class of fatty acid Pyrusussuriensis is as Span60, Span80; Poly yamanashi esters is as Tween60, Tween80; And combination in any.Described water soluble emulsifier is selected from the poloxalkol class, as Poloxamer series, Pluronic series; The polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester class; The polyoxyethylene aliphatic alcohol ether class; And combination in any.Preferably, this emulsifying agent is lecithin, hydrolecithin, Pluronic F-68, Span60, Span80 or Tween80.
Described PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) modified ester is 1 for the PEG molecular weight, 000~10,000 stearate, PEG molecular weight are 1,000~10,000 vitamin e succinate, PEG stearate and molecular weight are mixture, Myrj class, the Brij class of 200~10,000 PEG.Preferably, this PEG modified ester is 1000~5000 stearate or vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinic acid ester for the PEG molecular weight.
Long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand provided by the invention further comprises the additives of 0~10wt%, preferably includes the additives of 0~5wt%.Described additives can play increases preparation stability, regulate effects such as osmotic pressure, antioxidation, is selected from osmotic pressure regulator, as glycerol, propylene glycol, mannitol etc.; The interfacial film stabilizing agent is as oleic acid, enuatrol etc.; The complexing of metal ion agent is as EDTA, b diammonium disodium edta salt etc.; Antiseptic is as benzalkonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, parabens, sorbic acid etc.; Antioxidant is as vitamin C, vitamin E etc.; And combination in any.Preferably, these additives are glycerol, mannitol, enuatrol, EDTA, benzalkonium bromide, vitamin C, vitamin E and combination in any thereof.
Long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. compare with sodium-salt parenteral solution, the powder pin of hydroxy camptothecin, preparation of the present invention has stable hydroxy camptothecin lactone type structure, and has increased the stability of hydroxy camptothecin under different pH value.In the body fluid environment of human body (pH value is 7.0~7.4), the easy open loop of hydroxy camptothecin lactone type structure (seeing table 1), and pH value be in 5~8 the solvent in the hydroxycamptothecin nano lipid carrier hydroxy camptothecin lactone type structure all account for and (see table 2) more than the 80wt%, there is significance to improve than hydroxy camptothecin drug powder lactone type stability of structure, and then improved the curative effect of hydroxy camptothecin.
2. compare with Emulsion, the liposome of hydroxy camptothecin, preparation of the present invention is modified the nanoparticle surface by PEG, and what help avoid the interior liver spleen reticuloendothelial system of body engulfs prolong drug circulation time in vivo.Adopt the release in vitro degree of reverse dynamic dialysis technical measurement medicine, the nano-lipid carrier after result's demonstration is modified with PEG shows tangible slow release characteristics (referring to Fig. 2).
3. preparation of the present invention can overcome the phenomenon that solid lipid nanoparticle put procedure Chinese medicine effluxes, envelop rate reduces, and makes preparation can stablize storage.
4. preparation of the present invention can dilute or disperses with normal saline or glucose injection, be used for intravenous administration, little (particle mean size≤100nm), narrow distribution (PI is 0~0.3) of nanoparticle granularity in the optimal technical scheme, and the entrapment efficiency height helps to improve injection safety.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand of the present invention, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) hydroxy camptothecin, solid-state matrix material, fluid oil, fat-soluble emulsifier are dissolved in the organic solvent, this organic solvent is selected from dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, then by the decompression rotary evaporation or/and methods such as vacuum drying are removed organic solvent, and be heated to 60~100 ℃ of fusions, to constitute organic facies;
(2) PEG modified ester, water soluble emulsifier, additives are dissolved in the water for injection, and are heated to 60~100 ℃, to constitute water;
(3) under 60~100 ℃ temperature, stirring or/and under the shear conditions described organic facies and water are mixed, with the preparation colostrum;
(4) carry out ultrasonic to described colostrum or the high pressure homogenize processing, and in the impouring frozen water, thereby make long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand.
Can further carry out lyophilizing and handle or place 4 ℃ of lower seals preservations the long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand that makes.Wherein, the technology of resulting long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand being carried out the lyophilizing processing can be: the freeze drying protectant of 10wt% (weight ratio) is dissolved in the aqueous dispersion of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand of the present invention; this freeze drying protectant is selected from trehalose; mannitol; sucrose; glucose and combination in any thereof; be sub-packed in the cillin bottle then; and place freeze drier-45 ℃ pre-freeze 2h; be warming up to-10 ℃ with 5 ℃/h then; keep 8h; be warming up to 0 ℃ with 5 ℃/h again; keep 6h; be warming up at last 15 ℃ the insulation 8 hours after outlet, jump a queue the sealing get final product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the particle size distribution figure of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand.
Fig. 2 is the release percentage rate-time graph of the release in vitro of long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Get hydroxy camptothecin 100mg, glyceryl monostearate 5.6g, MCT1.4g, Tween801.5g add an amount of dissolve with ethanol, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, vacuum drying, 80 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is 5000 stearate 4.5g, and F68 1g, enuatrol 0.06g are dissolved in the 90.5ml water for injection, is heated to 80 ℃ as water.Under 80 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 80 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.
Particle mean size=95.9nm, PI=0.196, envelop rate=90.9wt%.
Embodiment 2
Get hydroxy camptothecin 20mg, tripalmitin 3.5g, MCT1.5g, phosphatidase 12 g add an amount of chloroform dissolving, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, and vacuum drying, 70 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is that 1000 stearate 3g are dissolved in the 93ml water for injection, is heated to 70 ℃ as water.Under 70 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 70 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.
The percentile mensuration of open loop: it is an amount of to get the hydroxycamptothecin nano lipid carrier, is respectively 5,6,7,8 buffer dilution with pH value, measures the content C of lactone type hydroxy camptothecin
LOther gets a duplicate samples, with the total amount C that measures hydroxy camptothecin after the HCl acidify
0Press formula and calculate the open loop percentage rate, the results are shown in following table 2.
Lactone type structure wt%=C
L/ C
0* 100wt%
Open loop structure wt%=1-lactone type structure wt%
Table 1
Table 2
Particle mean size=70.9nm, PI=0.112, envelop rate=89.3wt%.
Embodiment 3
Get hydroxy camptothecin 50mg, tripalmitin 4.8g, MCT1.2g, Tween801.7g add an amount of chloroform dissolving, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, and vacuum drying, 70 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is 2000 stearate 3.3g, and glycerol 0.5g is dissolved in the 92.3ml water for injection, is heated to 70 ℃ as water.Under 70 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 70 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.
Particle mean size=100.2nm, PI=0.211, envelop rate=91.1wt%.
Embodiment 4
Get hydroxy camptothecin 150mg, tripalmitin 8g, MCT4g, Span603g add an amount of chloroform dissolving, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, and vacuum drying, 70 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is 5000 stearate 3g, and F681g is dissolved in the 85ml water for injection, is heated to 70 ℃ as water.Under 70 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 70 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.
Particle mean size=105.2nm, PI=0.246, envelop rate=90.6wt%.
Embodiment 5
Get hydroxy camptothecin 30mg, tripalmitin 2.8g, MCT1.2g, phosphatidase 12 g adds the proper amount of acetone dissolving, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, vacuum drying, 70 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is 5000 stearate 4g, F680.5g, and glycerol 1g is dissolved in the 92.3ml water for injection, is heated to 70 ℃ as water.Under 70 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 70 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand, lyophilizing in the impouring frozen water.
Freeze-dry process is: the trehalose of getting 10wt% (weight ratio), be dissolved in the aqueous dispersion of nano-lipid carrier, be sub-packed in the cillin bottle, put-45 ℃ of pre-freeze 2h in the freeze drier, be warming up to-10 ℃ with 5 ℃/h then, keep 8h, be warming up to 0 ℃ with 5 ℃/h again, keep 6h, be warming up at last 15 ℃ the insulation 8 hours after outlet, jump a queue the sealing get final product.
To measure behind the normal saline redispersion: particle mean size=90.2nm, PI=0.224, envelop rate=87.1wt%.
Embodiment 6
Get hydroxy camptothecin 40mg, glyceryl monostearate 5.6g, soybean oil 1.4g, phosphatidase 11 .5g adds an amount of dissolve with ethanol, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, vacuum drying, 80 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is that 2000 stearate 4.5g are dissolved in the 90.5ml water for injection, is heated to 80 ℃ as water.Under 80 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 80 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.After the normal saline dilution, measure flat footpath granularity with Nicomp TM 380ZLS particle size analyzer, see Fig. 1.
Particle mean size=88.6nm, PI=0.065, envelop rate=92.0wt%.
Embodiment 7
Get hydroxy camptothecin 40mg, glyceryl monostearate 5.6g, MCT1.4g, phosphatidase 11 .5g adds an amount of dissolve with ethanol, rotation evaporate to dryness organic solvent, vacuum drying, 80 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is 5000 stearate 4.5g, and enuatrol 0.06g is dissolved in the 90.5ml water for injection, is heated to 80 ℃ as water.Under 80 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase while hot, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 80 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.Adopt the release of reverse dynamic dialysis technical measurement medicine: use Chinese Pharmacopoeia two appendix XC second subtraction units of version (oar method) in 2005, with pH value is that 7.4 phosphate buffer (PBS) 900ml is a release medium, rotating speed is that per minute 50 changes, and temperature is 37 ± 0.5 ℃.Sample introduction 20 μ l carry out HPLC mensuration after the sampling acidify, calculate cumulative release percent, see Fig. 2.
Particle mean size=90.9nm, PI=0.196, envelop rate=90.9wt%.
Embodiment 8
Get hydroxy camptothecin 40mg, glyceryl monostearate 4g, soybean oil 1g, phosphatidase 11 g adds an amount of dissolve with ethanol, and the rotation evaporate to dryness is removed organic solvent, vacuum drying, 80 ℃ of heating for dissolving are as oil phase.With the PEG molecular weight is 2000 stearate 3g, and enuatrol 0.1g is dissolved in the 94ml water for injection, is heated to 80 ℃ as water.Under 80 ℃ of stirrings, water is splashed into oil phase, logical N
2Prepare colostrum in high-shear homogenizing machine under the condition, 80 ℃ of logical N
2High pressure homogenize is handled under the condition, gets long-circulating nanoliposome carrier of hydroxycamptothecineand in the impouring frozen water, and 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.Adopt the release of reverse dynamic dialysis technical measurement medicine: use Chinese Pharmacopoeia two appendix XC second subtraction units of version (oar method) in 2005, with pH value is that 7.4 phosphate buffers (PBS) 900ml is a release medium, rotating speed is that per minute 50 changes, and temperature is 37 ± 0.5 ℃.Sample introduction 20 μ l carry out HPLC mensuration after the sampling acidify, calculate cumulative release percent, see Fig. 2.
Particle mean size=88.1nm, PI=0.101, envelop rate=90.4wt%.