CN1005247B - Method and apparatus for maintaining gas flow during trasfer of solids - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for maintaining gas flow during trasfer of solids Download PDFInfo
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- CN1005247B CN1005247B CN86101728.5A CN86101728A CN1005247B CN 1005247 B CN1005247 B CN 1005247B CN 86101728 A CN86101728 A CN 86101728A CN 1005247 B CN1005247 B CN 1005247B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method and a device for maintaining basic consecution of air flow during passing through two sections of solid granule layers and for simultaneously transferring a solid in a low-pressure section to a high-pressure section. The used device is a unique brake type funnel system. The solid can be transferred to the other section from one section by not using any moving parts, such as valves according to the present invention, and the consecution of the air flow can be maintained under the condition. The present invention is particularly suitable for catalyst regeneration technology of hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as a catalytic reforming process.
Description
The present invention relates to the technology of solid flow and process control.Particularly relate to control to the air-flow that passes through two solid particle sections; And relate to when solid matter shifts control between two sections to the interior pressure of these two sections.A concrete application of the present invention is to contain a catalyst treatment system that is used for moving bed hydrocarbon conversion process (comprising catalytic reforming process).
It is believed that, U.S. Patent No. 2,851,401(Payne) be and the closest reference of relation of the present invention, this patent has related to the transfer of solid particulate matter from a section to another section, but this patent neither includes the knowledge that relates to the maintenance by described section air-flow, does not also include the maintenance method to described section pressure, and does not also talk about the application of the sort of gas conduit of the present invention.United States Patent (USP) NO.2,851, the 402(Haddad) principle of being told about according to Payne patent (, 401) has proposed a kind of knowledge of relevant solid transfer.
An important application of the present invention relates to the catalyst that is used for the handle hydrocarbon conversion process.United States Patent (USP) NO.2,423,411(Simpson); 2,531, people such as 365(Simpson); 2,854,156(Payne); 2,854,161(Payne); Reaching 2,985,324(Balentine) is the exemplary reference data about the transfer and the processing of catalyst in the hydrocarbon conversion process.
United States Patent (USP) NO.3,647, people such as 680(Greenwood) and 3,692, people such as 496(Greenwood) be additional reference about catalytic reforming process and catalyst regeneration process.Catalytic reforming process and catalyst regeneration process are that one embodiment of the present of invention are touched upon.
There are a lot of chemical processes that gas and solid particulate matter, solid or particle are in contact with one another.Usually, chemical reaction and physical change all take place under the situation of this contact.In most of the cases, gas must continue one MIN period with contacting of solid, if be shorter than this limit time of contact, then chemical reaction or physical change will not take place or react incomplete.In some cases, also have limit time of contact the highest, if surpass this time limit, that then obtained is not best result or unwanted result.What wish most is to make gas/affixed touch process with a kind of continuous or semi-continuous mode is carried out rather than carry out with intermittent mode in batches.
Usually to make the contact gas in the contact-segment keep malleation (being higher than atmospheric pressure), add in the malleation section or can not allow when wherein taking out particle and contact gas loss among atmosphere.Usually need make the interior pressure of contact-segment be maintained at a specific value or within certain scope of determining.The pressure of contact-segment may be higher than the pressure that section of solid is provided to contact-segment.The high pressure dealing that overcomes a section wherein adds solid, and this will cause a lot of problems.When using auger conveyor or this base part of star valve, the contact between parts and the solid can be crushed to littler particle to solid particle, thereby makes the granularity degradation of solid, and can cause the wearing and tearing of equipment.The sealing that will remain valid is difficult to prevent that gas from overflowing from contact-segment in the case, and the maintenance cost of equipment is also very high.When solid or gas, perhaps the two is in the following time of condition of high temperature simultaneously, and it is more serious that these problems will become.Go for solid is added in the high pressure section, use to allow the pressure brake system of the switch valve that solid passes through be an existing method preferably a kind of having.But these valves will be the parts of a high maintenance cost.To simply introduce a kind of system that uses valve below.
United States Patent (USP) NO.2 851, draws above the 401() some problems in the solid transfer have been discussed, and told about and a kind ofly need not be easy to wear and tear or make the plant equipment of solid granularity degradation and make the method for solid transfer.But this patent is not touched the various situations of air-flow as mentioned above.And a continuous air-flow is kept in general hope always, even solids stream is also to be like this under the situation of batch processing.Use continuous flow can control time of contact better.Owing to continuously fresh reacting gas is delivered to the surface of solids, thereby makes the chemistry or the physical process of being carried out obtain quickening.In some cases, the very important point is that live gas is directly contacted with the solid of coming in.So-called live gas is meant that those also do not have the gas contacted with solid basically.
An object of the present invention is to avoid using the mobile machine parts that contact with particle.
Another object of the present invention is to avoid using the expensive control appliance with complexity to keep gas flow.
A further object of the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that can realize transfer of granules and not influence pressure in epimere or the hypomere basically.
The present invention is applicable to various real processes, particularly is applicable to the conversion process of hydro carbons, for example catalytic reforming process.Back one process will be in the detailed example explanation of following do.Can use other process of the present invention also has light alkane to change the process of light olefin, for example a kind of catalytic dehydrogenation processes that can change propane into propylene into.In other hydro carbons catalytic conversion process, light alkane and/or alkene can be formed to aromatic hydrocarbon and hydrogen.The present invention can be used for making the regeneration of used catalyst in these processes.Except hydrocarbon conversion process, the present invention also can be applicable to a kind of processing procedure of air-flow, and this processing procedure is to make air-flow contact and a component in the air-flow is removed with a kind of solid particle.For example, in order from the fluidisation air-flow, to remove sulfur dioxide, can be fluidizing gas by a container that sulfur dioxide acceptor (for example alumina globule of cupric) is housed.But optimum of the present invention is applied to the conversion process of hydro carbons, particularly is applicable to the moving-bed catalytic reforming process.
Method and apparatus provided by the present invention can make air-flow keep basically continuously with a speed that pre-determines scope to the upper reaches, successively by a hypomere and an epimere.And can transfer to hypomere to some particles from epimere simultaneously.
This hypomere has the interior pressure higher than epimere, all is an independent variable parameter and press in these two.The transfer process of particle from the epimere to the hypomere is to take place in the real process to these particles or gas treatment.Solid or two sections all can mainly be applied to gas/operating of contacts, or one of them section is mainly as storing and the purpose of feed.
In a main embodiment, method of the present invention includes following step: (a) gas is led to the into hypomere of reactor, gas up flows into a lock formula funnel section through a following transfer of granules pipe from hypomere herein, and this transfer of granules pipe works the effect of connection between hypomere and lock formula funnel section.Air-flow up has certain flow velocity, can stop particle to flow downward by following transfer of granules pipe.The transfer of granules pipe works the effect of connection also have one between lock formula funnel section and epimere on.The bottom of epimere, on transfer of granules pipe, lock formula funnel section the bottom and down several places of transfer of granules pipe all constantly have grain flow to enter, and when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section rose to the lower end of transfer of granules pipe, the particle flow that enters lock formula funnel section by last transfer of granules pipe promptly was prevented from; (b) with step (a) simultaneously, gas enters epimere from lock formula funnel section through last wireway, this wireway is connected between these two sections and the pressure of these two sections is equated basically; (c) when lock formula funnel section needs emptying, availablely interior pressure in the lock formula funnel section is increased to the way that equates with hypomere pressure realizes: close air-flow by last wireway, and allow the gas of hypomere enter lock formula funnel section through downtake, this wireway is connected between these two sections, and the pressure of these two sections is equated basically, so just force the particle in the lock formula funnel section to flow into hypomere downwards by following transfer of granules pipe, and force the gas in the lock formula funnel section up to flow into epimere by last transfer of granules pipe with certain flow velocity, past dirty to prevent particle by last transfer of granules pipe; And (d) when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section drops to a predetermined low interface point, close air-flow by downtake, and the air-flow of wireway is gone up in foundation simultaneously, stop to the particle flow that hypomere flows out with regard to forcing like this, and force the particle of epimere to flow into lock formula funnel section by last transfer of granules pipe from following transfer of granules pipe.The granular boundary that said this particle flow is performed until in the lock formula funnel section rises to till the lower end of transfer of granules pipe.
In another embodiment, method of the present invention includes following steps: (a) gas is fed hypomere continuously; (b) make the gas of hypomere upwards flow into lock formula funnel section by a following transfer of granules pipe, this transfer pipeline works the effect of connection between hypomere and lock formula funnel section.Updraft has certain flow velocity, can stop particle to flow downward by following transfer of granules pipe.Make the gas in the lock formula funnel section flow into epimere by last wireway simultaneously, this wireway is connected between these two sections and their pressure is equated basically, so just can make the particle of epimere flow to lock formula funnel section downwards by last transfer of granules pipe; (c) when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section rises to predetermined high interface point, the way of closing the wireway air-flow with the pass increases the interior pressure in the lock formula funnel section, this just forces the gas of lock formula funnel section upwards to flow into epimere with certain flow velocity by last transfer of granules pipe, has stoped particle to flow down by last transfer of granules pipe; (d) make the gas of hypomere flow into lock formula funnel section by a downtake.This wireway is connected between these two sections, and their pressure is equated basically, and this just forces particle to flow downstream into hypomere by following transfer of granules pipe; (e) when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section drops to a predetermined low interface point, close the air-flow of downtake, set up the air-flow of going up wireway simultaneously, so just rebulid the airflow route of step (b), this stops with regard to forcing from the particle flow of transfer of granules pipe outflow down, and forces the particle of epimere to enter lock formula funnel section by last transfer of granules pipe.
The device that is adopted in a main embodiment of the present invention comprises: (a) epimere that contains particle, and this section kept the pressure of an independent variable, claims first pressure; (b) hypomere that contains particle, this section also kept the pressure of an independent variable, claims second pressure.Second pressure is higher than first pressure; (c) lock formula funnel section, it be under the epimere and hypomere on; (d) device of giving the continuous air feed of hypomere; (e) go up the transfer of granules pipe for one, it is between epimere and the lock formula funnel section, plays the connection effect between these two sections; (f) following transfer of granules pipe, it is between lock formula funnel section and the hypomere, plays the connection effect between these two sections; (g) go up wireway and one and be installed in this supravasal butterfly gate for one.This wireway is connected between lock formula funnel section and the epimere; (h) downtake and one are installed in this supravasal butterfly gate.This wireway is connected between lock formula funnel section and the hypomere; (i) device that produces signal and transmit this signal.This signal can instruct the particle of epimere to begin downward transfer; (j) granular boundary sensing device.When the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section dropped to a predetermined low points, the perception at once of this device was come out and is sent a signal; And (k) device of a control above-mentioned butterfly gate position of the switch.To the control of butterfly gate is to adopt so a kind of mode, promptly instructs a valve open and another valve closing, so that control the above-mentioned gas of hypomere that enters by needed approach.This two approach, or earlier through transfer of granules pipe down, again through last wireway, or earlier through downtake again through last particle conduit.Used valve switch position control is made following reaction to above-mentioned interface signals and above-mentioned enabling signal: promptly (ⅰ) receives above-mentioned enabling signal, just instruct the butterfly gate on the downtake to open, the particle that forces lock formula funnel section flows to hypomere by transfer of granules pipe down; And instruct the butterfly gate of going up wireway to close, and force the gas of lock formula funnel section upwards to flow by last transfer of granules pipe with certain flow velocity, this has just stoped particle to change by the past current downflow of last transfer of granules pipe; And (ⅱ) one receive above-mentioned interface signals, and just instruct the butterfly gate of downtake to close, the gas that forces hypomere upwards flows by transfer of granules pipe down with certain flow velocity, and this has just stoped particle to flow downward by transfer of granules pipe down.And the butterfly gate of wireway is opened in the instruction, forces particle to flow into lock formula funnel section downwards by last transfer of granules pipe.
Fig. 1 is the sketch of one embodiment of the present of invention.An epimere, a lock formula funnel section and a hypomere draw among the figure.Herein each section all is a container disconnected from each other.
Fig. 2 also is a sketch, among the figure each section of Fig. 1 all is drawn in the common container.Its 3 step in the circulation of the step of 5 in the embodiment of the invention of having drawn.Fig. 2 A, 2B, and 2C drawn respectively step 1, step 3 and step 5 in this circulation.
In order to help understanding, provide the accompanying drawing of some embodiment now, for your guidance to principle of the present invention.To use some special terms to narrate to a detailed example procedure.But these embodiment and this demonstration example are limited extent of competence of the present invention by any way.Drawn in the accompanying drawing only is in order to narrate unit essential to the invention, professional and technical personnel's some required additional metal members of having the ability fully to adopt.
Utilize platinum metal-alundum (Al to come hydrocarbon raw material (as the naphtha cut from oil) is reformed as catalyst, this is a well-known technical process.This process can be described below simply: a kind of feed naphtha and hydrogen are mixed and it is contacted with catalyst in conversion zone meeting under the temperature and pressure of the condition of reorganization.At this moment have at least a part of feed naphtha can be upgraded to having improved the product of octane number.When these catalyst have used a period of time in this process after, just must be regenerated.That is to say and to be handled, make its activity and the level of stability restoring to a satisfaction, to satisfy the requirement of catalytic reforming reaction.Regenerative process comprises several different steps, and one of them step is to contact with catalyst with a kind of reducibility gas of hydrogen that comprises, so that realize reduction reaction.The United States Patent (USP) NO.3 that had drawn above, 647, people such as 680(Greenwood) and NO., 3,692, people such as 496(Greenwood) basic document that can be used as reforming process and catalyst regeneration process comes reference.
In a lot of modern catalytic reforming process, catalyst is finished each different step of regeneration cycle by continuously or semi-continuously by one or a series of regeneration container in these regeneration container.As everyone knows, to another zone the problem of a difficulty from a zone-transfer solid.Therefore, as above-mentioned, real continuous process is unapproachable.In the patent of the Greenwood that quotes in the above, the regenerative process of catalyst is to make catalyst some position of determining in regeneration container do semi-continuous moving, and does continuous moving at some other positions.Semi-continuous moving is meant the transfer that allows a relatively more a spot of catalyst periodically make repeatability at some points adjacent to each other.For example, can migrate out a collection of catalyst every two minutes from container.If the storage capacity of catalyst is enough big in this container, the transfer process of so this catalyst is just approaching to be continuous.The present invention has used this principle.These knowledge do not need to provide the knowledge more specifically of relevant regenerative process, because all can be found in a lot of data (as the patent of above-cited Greenwood).And, also not necessarily to possess these knowledge, could understand the present invention.
Be narration below to one embodiment of the present of invention.Can Fig. 1 for referencial use.Use special term to describe the top reforming process of being discussed herein.Catalyst enters container (10) (or the section of deserving to be called (10)) in a direction indicated by the arrow from above, and is accumulated in the bottom of epimere (10).In epimere (10), reduction reaction takes place, it is the part of catalyst regeneration circulation.In order to finish reduction reaction, must allow the gas that comprises hydrogen under hot conditions, contact with catalyst granules in epimere (10).
The very important point is to keep a unbroken air communication to cross reduction section.If air-flow interrupts a period of time, no matter the time how long, reduction reaction just may be carried out not exclusively.Its result makes the catalytic capability of catalyst in reforming reaction be subjected to severe impairment.Equally, if the flow velocity of reducibility gas is too high, so that make catalyst fluidization or fluidisation partly, at this moment catalyst also will be subjected to mechanical damage.
Catalyst is just transferred to hypomere (12) to it after epimere (10) is reduced.This section also is used for catalyst is sent to air transfer apparatus, so that catalyst is sent in the reforming reactor as the container that holds the catalyst that has passed through reclaim equiment simultaneously.The pressure of hypomere (12) is higher than the pressure of epimere (10).For example, can to keep rated pressure be 5 pounds/inch to epimere
2(gauge pressure) (34.5 kPas (gauge pressure)), allowing excursion is 2 to 8 pounds/inch
2(gauge pressure) (13.8 to 55.2 kPas (gauge pressure)).The rated pressure of hypomere can be 35 pounds/inch
2(gauge pressure) (241.3 kPas (gauge pressure)).Normal range (NR) is 30 to 40 a pounds/inch
2(gauge pressure) (206.9 to 275.8 kPas (gauge pressure)).Like this, the pressure differential of epimere and hypomere is about 22 to 38 pounds/inch
2Between (151.7 to 262 kPas).But when the pressure differential between two sections was much bigger or more much smaller than above-mentioned value, the present invention stood good.The differential pressure range applicatory of the present invention just can be at 0.1 pound/inch
2To 100 pounds/inch
2Or to 200 pounds/inch
2Between (0.7 to 689.5 kPa or to 1379 kPas), even can be bigger.
A container (11) that is called as lock formula funnel can be with helping that catalyst is transferred to hypomere (12) from epimere (10).Catalyst transfer of granules pipe (15) on epimere (10) process enters lock formula funnel section (11).Last transfer of granules pipe (15) puts in the nozzle at lock formula funnel (11) top hermetically, so just can be injected into catalyst in the lock formula funnel section (11).The catalyst that comes out from lock formula funnel section (11) passes through transfer of granules pipe (16) to enter hypomere (12), and this transfer pipeline (16) puts in the hypomere (12) hermetically.Shown in following, conduit (16) not necessarily will reach in the hypomere (12) and go, but it needs the catheter length of a minimum, and this conduit can be installed in the outside of container.And if on a higher position of lock formula funnel section (11), set up a granular boundary monitoring apparatus, conduit (15) also needn't reach in the lock formula funnel (11) and go so.But if the high interface of neither one monitoring apparatus, to reach in the lock formula funnel (11) be exactly necessary to conduit (15) so.In Fig. 1, a so high interface monitoring apparatus is not illustrated because it to shown in this embodiment not necessarily.But will narrate it below.
A previous general technological process of adopting, be on conduit between three containers (15) and conduit (16), to load onto valve, with box lunch to make catalyst when epimere (10) flows into the lock formula funnel section (11) the valve closing on the conduit (16), and in the time will being discharged into catalyst hypomere (12) the valve closing on the conduit (15).But, as noted above, in the road of transfer catalyst particle, fight off the parts of use activity, comprise valve.
The gas of reproducibility enters hypomere (12) by conduit (20).Regulate the throughput that enters hypomere (12) with valve (21); Device of the present invention can make above-mentioned gas flow rate random variation, so that the pressure of control hypomere (12).For example, the pressure of hypomere (12) can change in a pre-determined scope, and this is decided by from the above-mentioned signal that pneumatic conveyor sent.
The gas that comes from hypomere (12) alternately enters epimere (10) through one of two approach.Here, lock formula funnel section is the part of every approach simultaneously.Article one, the air-flow approach comprises conduit (16), lock formula funnel (11) and goes up wireway (13).Another air-flow approach comprises downtake (14), lock formula funnel (11) and conduit (15).In described in the above article one approach, because catalyst has occupied the bottom of container (10), and gas is the sky that enters into catalyst interface, therefore need to install a guiding gas and make its scattered device downwards at epimere (10), come in contact so that make between gas and the catalyst.This effect is finished by a columniform baffle plate device (30).The diameter of this device is littler than epimere container (10), and it is installed in the inside of container (10), makes it and container (10) have a concentric shafts, so that constitute the space of an annular.At the top of this annular space with the level board sealing of an annular so that air flow partition, the opening part in the annular slab centre can allow catalyst and gas, and the two passes through.Therefore, gas is done one 180 ° turning then from flowing to the bottom of cylindrical baffle plate device (30) after conduit (13) enters annular space downwards, upwards flows by catalyst layer.
The interior pressure of epimere (10) can be controlled individually, and used control device does not show in the drawings.For example, can couple together epimere (10) and the container that another is used for catalytic reforming process, so that make epimere pressure depend on the pressure of this container and change with the latter with a conduit.
Go up an installation lower bound face sensor (17) at lock formula funnel (11), so that when lock formula funnel section inner catalyst interface is in predetermined low interface point, can perception come out, and send a signal and give controller (22), controller (22) is the position of the switch of control valve (18) and (19) thereupon just.In this embodiment of the present invention, (18) and (19) are two switch valves.Controller (22) also comprises a timer, and this timer can produce or cause and produce a signal that starts circulation that its frequency depends on the adjusting to timer.Cycle start signal can instruct valve (18) and (19) to move, so that make transfer of granules circulation beginning.This point will make an explanation in following.
Can be to the following explanation of doing with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2.Explanation to Fig. 1 also is applicable to Fig. 2 above.As can be seen, the reference number numeral that occurs in Fig. 1 also occurs on the corresponding position in Fig. 2.For the purpose of drawing conveniently, (for example controller (22) and valve (21) are left out some parts in Fig. 2.But, be readily appreciated that these parts are absolutely necessary to the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 2.Fig. 2 configuration mode preferably that drawn, it all is arranged on three sections among Fig. 1 in the common container rather than the container that is configured to be separated from each other.In Fig. 1, downtake (14) is connected between hypomere (12) and the lock formula funnel (11), is connected between lock formula funnel (11) and the epimere (10) and go up wireway (13).In Fig. 2, these two tracheaes have a shared part (26).Like this, in Fig. 2, it is that part of of (26) that downtake (14) includes lable number, and last wireway (13) has comprised that also lable number is that part of of (26).
The transfer of catalyst granules from reduction section (10) to hypomere (12) can realize but go on foot circulation with one 5 realizing without valve, can also make simultaneously by this air-flow of several sections to keep continuously.Three steps in this 5 step circulation are shown in Fig. 2, and the overall process that a collection of particle is transferred to hypomere from epimere constitutes an independent circulation.Fig. 2 A shows the step 1 of circulation, and wherein equipment is in and keeps or SBR.Catalyst is filled to the heap(ed) capacity place of lock formula funnel.At reduction section (10) a catalyst storeroom is arranged, catalyst stops one section time enough so that it can reach sufficient reduction at this section.Then catalyst flows into transfer conduit (15) and (16), makes catalyst incessantly in occupation of the bottom of reduction section (10), the bottom of going up transfer pipeline (15), lock formula funnel section (11) and following transfer pipeline (16).Storeroom in the epimere (10) is refilled by the catalyst from the reclaim equiment above it (not drawing) again then.Shown in the figure, catalyst accumulates in the hypomere (12).
In step 1, enter lock formula funnel section (11) by transfer pipeline (16) down from the gas of hypomere (12).Pressure differential between hypomere and the lock formula funnel section can be at 0.1 to 100 pound/inch
2(0.7 to 689.5 kPa) or bigger interior variation of pressure limit, and the force value of hypomere is usually above 5 pounds/inch
2(34.5 kPas).At this moment, the updraft by following transfer pipeline (16) has stoped particle to flow to hypomere (12) from lock formula funnel section (11).The degree of depth of and catalyst layer transfer pipeline (16) above very big when the flow velocity of updraft relatively hour, particle in the transfer pipeline (16) might upwards be blown into lock formula funnel section (11), and this will cause that throughput increases greatly and makes catalyst member ground fluidisation in the funnel section (11).So in this equipment of design, must basis make the minimum length of transfer conduit (16) and the minimum-depth of adjacent grain bed on it by the air-flow Peak Flow Rate/desired flow rates of the expectation of transfer pipeline (16).In order to make this length and the degree of depth be higher than its minimum of a value, the essential pressure differential of considering between required minimum gas flow rate and two sections.For a specific pressure differential, conduit is long more, and then air velocity is more little.Under the situation of given catheter length and pressure differential,, can be enlarged the diameter of conduit for increasing gas flow rate.
In step 1, because the granular boundary in lock formula funnel section (11) has reached the end of last transfer pipeline (15), the catalyst in the epimere (10) can not flow to lock formula funnel section (11); Catheter tip usefulness number (27) expression of indication.By Fig. 2 A as can be seen, catalyst can be flowed out from conduit, just must arrange the catalyst in the catheter tip and the conduit outside.But the enough power of neither one can make these catalyst arrange under this situation, so the interface of catalyst will not rise to the place that is higher than catheter tip.
The step 2(of circulation does not illustrate) can be described as pressurization steps.In this step, valve (18) is closed, and the valve (19) that is on the downtake (14) is opened.This reaches balance with regard to making the pressure between lock formula funnel section and the hypomere; Like this, in this step, the pressure of lock formula funnel section increases, and makes the interior pressure of its interior pressure greater than epimere.After the pressurization of having finished lock formula funnel section, just can enter the step 3 of circulation.
Fig. 2 B shows the final position of circulation step 3.In this step, the catalyst interface in the lock formula funnel section (11) is near its normal minimum point.Step 3 can be described as circulation " emptying " stage.In this step, the catalyst in the lock formula funnel is drained.The grain flow that the updraft of going up transfer conduit (15) of flowing through has stoped epimere is to lock formula funnel section, and this situation is identical with the situation of the top discussion that conduit (16) is done.At this moment particle flows to hypomere (12) by transfer conduit (16), thereby the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section decreases.At this moment, the gas via pipeline (20) is come in enters lock formula funnel section by downtake (14) and valve (19).(step 3), hypomere is substantially the same with the pressure of lock formula funnel section, also has a less pressure reduction, therefore also has gas to flow through wireway (14) though at this moment wait.
As can be seen, though the airflow route of step 2 and step 3 and step 1 are different, when forwarding step 2 to, step 1 do not cause the interruption of air-flow.Arrow (28) illustrates the air-flow approach of step 1, and arrow (29) illustrates the air-flow approach of step 3.In step 2 at first, wish the pass closed procedure of valve (18) is postponed several approximately seconds or shorter, so just can guarantee,, also can not cause the disturbance of tangible moment air-flow owing to the operation of valve even under the situation that valve (19) is opened relatively slowly.
When the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section drops to pre-determined low points, step 4(depressurization step) just begin.When in a single day granular boundary dropped to this position, lower bound face sensor (17) is measured in low points had not at once had particle to exist, and sends signal to controller (22) at once.Controller instruction valve (19) is closed and valve (18) is opened.Like this, lock formula funnel section (11) just begins step-down, and the approach of air-flow also just changes to and the identical route of step (1).When the pressure in the lock formula funnel section becomes when equating basically with the pressure of epimere, step 4 promptly comes to an end.In step 5, catalyst enters lock formula funnel section through transfer conduit (15).The place that step 5 is different from step 1 is that in step 1, lock formula funnel level (11) is full of, and does not have flowing of catalyst at all.And in step 5, catalyst flows to lock formula funnel section (11) from epimere (10), rises to up to granular boundary till the end of transfer conduit (15), promptly accuses to this circulation this moment and finishes and return to the sort of hold mode that step 1 presents.
The circulation of this 5 step constantly repeats regularly.For example, shift a collection of catalyst from epimere (10) and approximately need 50 seconds to hypomere (12).Controller (22) can be according to carrying out work by the circulation recurrence rate of people's appointment.It can send a signal, instructs a loop start.That is to say that instruction valve (18) and valve (19) action make step (2) beginning.As being a cycle period by 50 seconds, its longest cycle period of reality is about 60 seconds so.If the capacity difference when heap(ed) capacity of lock formula funnel section (interface be positioned at transfer conduit (15) terminal time) and interface are positioned at low interface point is calculated as 1 unit volume, the transfer velocity of catalyst will be per minute 1 volume so.If transfer velocity has only this maximal rate half, must make controller so every minute once new circulation of startup.
The effect of controller (22) is to accept the interface signals that lower bound face sensor (17) sends, the position of the switch of control butterfly gate (18) and (19), and carries out work according to the circulation recurrence rate of operating personnel's appointment.The equipment that can finish the function of controller (22) has various type, as program-con-trolled computer and cyclelog etc.And these functions also can be finished with a cycle timer and a triggering control device, and the former is used for sending the signal of a loop start, and the latter is used for lower bound face sensor (17) is reacted, and sends a signal that enters step (4).
Just as explained above, the length of conduit (15) and conduit (16) is crucial to the operation of this system.Under the situation of given transfer conduit diameter and grain type, the pressure difference value that is allowed between two sections depends primarily on the height of two particle pillars between the section.The height that particle pillar height between two sections is defined as transfer conduit adds the grain bed height of this section above it.This grain bed height is that the cone base with this section calculates as the minimum point of grain bed.If this pressure differential is too big, then catalyst will be blown out and be entered from transfer conduit above it this section.In experimental work, when the pressure of a section increases and when particle is blown out, can big noise occur in this section above transfer pipeline, it can clearly be listened and obtain.If the pressure differential between these two sections is too little, the speed of air-flow will be low excessively so, and consequently catalyst regeneration is in bad order.The catalyst pillar that updraft passed through can be seen as a baffle to air-flow, and air communication is crossed the speed of such baffle (or claim throttling bodies), falls and changes with the pressure at these throttling bodies two ends.
Under the design conditions of standard, can know by the pressure differential of a lock formula funnel, because it only is decided by the factor of some and lock formula funnel system independence usually.Like this, the starting point of design work is exactly the pressure that provides epimere and hypomere.The minimum and maximum permissible velocity of flow of the updraft by these sections, and needed transfer of granules speed knows that also this is determined by this process.Consider the height of catalyst pillar and the diameter of transfer of granules pipe then.This diameter and highly must matching could obtain needed gas flow rate and needed particle instantaneous velocity simultaneously.If reduce too much or too much the enlarged-diameter of pipe at the height of the following pillar of situation of other parameter constant, its result can cause particle to be blown.Another important parameter in design is exactly the height that constitutes each unit of particle pillar total height.When air communication was crossed the transfer of granules conduit, the needed pressure of each unit height fell, and the relevant pressure when being higher than air communication significantly and crossing grain bed above this pipe falls.Should be noted that the gas flow rate that must make by grain bed is always less than causing grain fluidized flow velocity.So far, the professional and technical personnel just can consider interacting and how to go and adjusting each parameter of various parameters well, so that obtain the design of a satisfaction.The flow principles of solid is very familiar to these professional and technical personnel, needn't be discussed herein.The additional knowledge of the relevant solid flow of being spoken of among the present invention, but with reference to the United States Patent (USP) NO.2 that has quoted in the above, 851,401, though this patent does not relate to the problem of air-flow.Must be pointed out, usually actual carry out the design of relevant efflux of solids system in, should experimentize and measure the flow behavior of used particular solid.
As can be seen, to the design of system of the present invention, need carry out careful calculating.The characteristic of minimum and maximum air velocity, gas and the particle that interior pressure, process allowed of given before this epimere and hypomere and the excursion of transfer of granules speed.Under this special condition, the designer must carefully select the size of lock formula funnel section, particularly will carefully select admissible by the occupied minimum of particle and maximum volume, the degree of depth, the diameter of transfer pipeline and the length of transfer pipeline of grain bed of lock formula funnel section on transfer conduit.Certainly, the designer also will select some other parameter (as size of gas conduit etc.), but they are not most important.
With reference to the accompanying drawings 2 and Fig. 2 A, 2B and 2C on arrow (28), (29) and (32) air-flow approach of being indicated, can find out at an easy rate,, whenever all have substantially the same pressure and fall to two between the top of epimere (10) the air-flow approach that replace mutually from conduit (20).The pressure that air-flow is produced by the catalyst in the equipment major diameter part time falls, and the pressure that is produced during by transfer conduit with it falls to be compared, just a very little numerical value.
As discussed above, because the flow velocity of particle from the epimere to the hypomere is variable, therefore equipment of the present invention can be used as a solid velocity control device in the overall procedure.
In the lower end of transfer of granules pipe, the cross-sectional area that particle passed through must can be regarded the part in this cross section as a throttle structure less than the remainder of this conduit.For example, in the situation of circular pipe, its terminal internal diameter can be (27) part just as the number shown in Fig. 2 A less than the remainder of conduit.The effect of this throttle structure is to guarantee that when the pressure between two sections that transfer conduit connected equated basically, transfer conduit was permitted full by particle.And do not wait and gas is when upwards flowing when the pressure of these two sections, particle will be stayed among the conduit again.This is that making it to have constituted between two sections has the particle of certain altitude pillar because suitably selected the length and the volume of conduit (15) and conduit (16), so just explains as top, has prevented that particle is blown out.If there is not this throttle structure, particle will resemble the dilute phase by conduit so, and when set up pressure differential between two sections, and some is full of transfer conduit by particle, has so just lost meaning of the present invention.
In another embodiment of the present invention, use a high interface sensor the place of interface limitations transfer of granules catheter tip on being lower than of particle in the lock formula funnel section.If high interface point can be regulated in certain scope, so just can make the transfer amount of every batch of particle become adjustable.When the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section reaches high interface point, high interface sensor just sends a signal and gives controller (22), controller (22) just instructs the butterfly gate of going up wireway to cut out, and allow the butterfly gate of downtake still be in the position of cutting out thereupon.Air-flow approach between epimere and hypomere has just comprised upper and lower two transfer of granules pipes simultaneously like this, has so just stoped the particle flow in two transfer pipelines.When desiring to make this system transfer the beginning circulation time to from this hold mode (comprising two valves of closing), just the valve open of downtake, this has just begun the evacuation step of lock formula funnel section.
Why adopt high interface device, do not allow particle rise to the end of transfer of granules conduit, one of them reason is such, because in this case, the gas along conduit toward the upper reaches tends to stir the particle that is in the conduit lower end.This stirring may damage the physical property of particle.In order to address this problem, the another one method was also proposed, that is exactly in the boring of the position of conduit lower end.Like this, all or part of gas just passes through from these holes, because gas passes through from catalyst side, so just can not cause stirring.And the interface of catalyst just can not rise to more than that part of lower limit of holing on the conduit.
Claims (28)
1, one can make air-flow keep the method that upwards flows continuously basically in following technical process, said this technical process is as follows: an air-flow up, elder generation is by the hypomere of high pressure, epimere by low pressure then, at this moment there are some particles constantly to be joined epimere, and have some particles continuously to transfer to hypomere downwards through a lock formula funnel section simultaneously from epimere, going up the transfer of granules conduit by one between lock formula funnel section and the epimere is communicated with, and with hypomere between be communicated with by a following transfer of granules conduit, said method is characterized in that comprising:
(a) gas is led to into hypomere, gas is sentenced certain flow velocity in this and is upwards flowed into lock formula funnel section by following transfer of granules pipe, it stops particle to flow downward by following transfer of granules pipe, simultaneously, allow gas in the lock formula funnel section go up wireway and upwards flow into epimere by one, wireway is connected these two sections and the pressure between them is equated basically on this, so just can make particle flow into the bottom of epimere, last transfer of granules pipe, the bottom of lock formula funnel section reaches transfer of granules pipe down, forces till the particle flow of last transfer of granules pipe inflow lock formula funnel is prevented from up to the end that rises to the transfer of granules pipe owing to the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section;
(b) the interior pressure of lock formula funnel section is increased to basically equates with the pressure of hypomere, the method that is adopted is, the air-flow of wireway is closed in the pass, and allow the gas of hypomere flow into lock formula funnel section by downcomer, downtake has been connected these two sections and the pressure between them is equated basically, the transfer of granules pipe flows into hypomere downwards so just to force particle to pass through down, and force the gas of lock formula funnel section to flow to epimere downwards by last transfer of granules pipe with certain flow velocity, thereby can stop particle by last transfer of granules pipe to dirty; And
(c) granular boundary in lock formula funnel section drops to predetermined low interface point, close air-flow by downtake, and simultaneously set by step (a) described method set up an air-flow, therefore just can force particle to stop to flow into hypomere, and force particle to flow into lock formula funnel section from last transfer of granules pipe through following transfer of granules pipe.
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, its feature also is: comprising the whole circulation of step (a) to step C, is to rerun continuously with certain speed, makes the transfer velocity of particle from the epimere to the hypomere reach requirement.
3, a kind of air-flow that can make keeps the method that upwards flows continuously basically in following technical process; said technical process is as follows: this air-flow up is at first by a hypomere that contains particle; then with a speed that pre-determines scope by containing the epimere of particle; meanwhile; there are some particles down to transfer to hypomere from epimere; the pressure of hypomere is higher than the pressure of epimere herein; and the transfer of particle from the epimere to the hypomere; be to carry out in the real process of handling particle or gas, said method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(a) continuously gas is led to into hypomere;
(b) make the gas of hypomere upwards flow into lock formula funnel section by following transfer of granules pipe, this particle conduit makes between hypomere and the lock formula funnel section and is interconnected, gas to the upper reaches has certain speed, it can stop particle to pass through following transfer of granules pipe toward dirty, meanwhile, allow the gas of lock formula funnel section flow to epimere again by last wireway, this wireway has been connected these two sections and their pressure is equated basically, so just make the particle of epimere to flow into lock formula funnel section downwards by last transfer of granules pipe, this transfer of granules pipe makes between epimere and the lock formula funnel section and is interconnected;
(c) when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section rises to predetermined high interface point, increase the interior pressure of lock formula funnel section with the method for closing the upper conduit air-flow, force the gas of lock formula funnel section up to flow into epimere by last transfer of granules pipe, this updraft has certain flow velocity, stoped particle to flow downward via last transfer of granules pipe
(d) allow the gas of hypomere enter lock formula funnel section by downtake then, this wireway is connected these two sections and their pressure is equated basically, so just forces the particle of lock formula funnel section to enter hypomere by following transfer of granules pipe, and
(e) when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section drops to predetermined low interface point, close downtake and set up the air-flow of going up wireway simultaneously at once, so just set up the airflow route of step (b) again, thereby force from descending the transfer of granules pipe to stop to flow toward dirty particle, and force the grain flow of transfer of granules pipe to come out, enter lock formula funnel section.
4, in accordance with the method for claim 3, its feature also is: comprise that step (b) is to rerun continuously with certain speed to the whole circulation of step (e), this speed can make the moving speed of the transfer of particle from the epimere to the hypomere reach requirement.
5; can make air-flow in following technical process, keep the device that upwards flows continuously basically; said technical process is as follows: this air-flow up is at first by a hypomere; pass through epimere with a speed that pre-determines scope then; meanwhile; there are some particles to shift to hypomere from epimere; and the realization of this transfer; neither need to remove to contact particle with the parts of any activity; can not produce significantly influence to the pressure of epimere or hypomere yet; and; the transfer of particle from the epimere to the hypomere is to carry out in the real process of handling particle or gas, and the feature of said equipment comprises:
(a) epimere that contains particle, this section kept the pressure of an independent variable, claims first pressure;
(b) hypomere that contains particle, this section kept the pressure of an independent variable, claims second pressure, and this pressure is higher than the first above-mentioned pressure;
(c) lock formula funnel section, it be positioned under the epimere and hypomere on,
(d) device to the continuous air feed of hypomere;
(e) go up the transfer of granules conduit for one, the lower end of this conduit has a throttle structure, and makes between epimere and the lock formula funnel section and interconnect;
(f) following transfer of granules conduit, the lower end of this conduit has a throttle structure, and makes between lock formula funnel section and the hypomere and interconnect;
(g) a last wireway and a last butterfly gate, this valve is contained on the said conduit, and this wireway is connected between epimere and the lock formula funnel section;
(h) downtake and a following butterfly gate, this valve is contained on the said conduit, and this conduit is connected between lock formula funnel section and the hypomere;
(i) control device, this device can play following effect: butterfly gate is opened and following butterfly gate is closed in the instruction, so that make particle begin to flow to lock formula funnel section; When the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section has been raised to the peak that allows, can measure, and instruction goes up that butterfly gate is closed and following butterfly gate opens, so that make the particle inflow hypomere in the lock formula funnel section at once; When the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section drops to predetermined low interface point, can measure, and the instruction particle flows into lock formula funnel section again at once.
6, according to the described equipment of claim 5, wherein the feature of said control device comprises:
(a) device that can produce signal and carry this signal, this signal can instruct the particle of epimere to begin down to shift;
(b) granular boundary sensor, when the granular boundary in the lock formula funnel section dropped to predetermined low points, it can measure at once, and sends a signal;
(c) can control the device of above-mentioned two butterfly gate position of the switch, used control mode is to allow a valve open and another valve closing, so that control has entered the route that the gas of hypomere is walked, allow air-flow or by down transfer of granules pipe and last wireway, perhaps by downtake and last transfer of granules pipe, the device of gauge tap position is reacted to interface signals and above-mentioned enabling signal, and these reactions are as follows:
(ⅰ) one when receiving above-mentioned enabling signal, the butterfly gate of immediate instruction downtake is opened, make the particle of lock formula funnel section flow to hypomere by following transfer of granules pipe, and instruct the butterfly gate of going up wireway to close, force gas by last transfer of granules pipe with certain flow velocity to the upper reaches, so just can stop particle to flow down by last transfer of granules pipe, and
(ⅱ) one when receiving above-mentioned interface signals, the butterfly gate of immediate instruction downtake is closed, the transfer of granules pipe upwards flows with certain flow velocity to force gas to pass through down, so just can stop particle to flow down by following transfer of granules pipe, and instruct the butterfly gate of going up wireway to open, make the particle of epimere flow into lock formula funnel section by last transfer of granules pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86101728.5A CN1005247B (en) | 1986-03-17 | 1986-03-17 | Method and apparatus for maintaining gas flow during trasfer of solids |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86101728.5A CN1005247B (en) | 1986-03-17 | 1986-03-17 | Method and apparatus for maintaining gas flow during trasfer of solids |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86101728A CN86101728A (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| CN1005247B true CN1005247B (en) | 1989-09-27 |
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ID=4801497
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86101728.5A Expired CN1005247B (en) | 1986-03-17 | 1986-03-17 | Method and apparatus for maintaining gas flow during trasfer of solids |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1005247B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1139528C (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2004-02-25 | 中国石化集团洛阳石油化工工程公司 | Method and equipment for transporting solid particles |
| DE102008005704A1 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Uhde Gmbh | Process and installation for the removal of slag from a slag bath tank, in particular in synthesis gas recovery |
| CN102580615B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-11-12 | 云南冶金集团股份有限公司 | Sealing liquid filling device and horizontal pressure leaching reaction system |
| CN110361305A (en) * | 2018-03-03 | 2019-10-22 | 西南石油大学 | The Drilling Fluid Technique for Deep reservoir protection solid phase material addition to be degraded based on solid particle size and compensation process |
-
1986
- 1986-03-17 CN CN86101728.5A patent/CN1005247B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN86101728A (en) | 1987-09-30 |
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