CN100523456C - 减少和/或消除燃烧衬套组件中稀释空气泄漏的装置和方法 - Google Patents

减少和/或消除燃烧衬套组件中稀释空气泄漏的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN100523456C
CN100523456C CN200510003712.XA CN200510003712A CN100523456C CN 100523456 C CN100523456 C CN 100523456C CN 200510003712 A CN200510003712 A CN 200510003712A CN 100523456 C CN100523456 C CN 100523456C
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D·T·勒蒙
A·K·古普塔
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Abstract

要减少排放物和燃烧室之间排放物的变化就要减少或消除在燃气涡轮燃烧衬套组件中稀释空气泄漏路径的变化。用在接合处附加铆钉(44)减少衬套外壳(14)与文氏管外套(28)之间的泄漏路径。用一条在内外套法兰端部的周边焊缝(52)消除文氏管内外套(26,28)之间的泄漏路径。用配钻穿过衬套外壳(14)和文氏管(18)的重叠法兰(38,40)的孔(51,55)并且接着将它们铆接在一起的方法在同时保持到罩中心体(12)的精确的文氏管喉部区的情况下减少文氏管与外部衬套间的泄漏路径。

Description

减少和/或消除燃烧衬套组件中稀释空气泄漏的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及减少或消除燃气涡轮燃烧室中稀释空气泄漏路径的装置和方法,尤其涉及控制稀释空气泄漏以达到较低排放值的装置和方法。
背景技术
众所周知,燃气涡轮排放物中主要的燃烧产物是氮氧化物即NO和NO2通称为NOx,一氧化碳CO,及未燃烧的碳氢化物和其它粒子。为了减少排放物人们已提出并应用了各种系统。例如,过去已经应用了将水或蒸汽引喷入燃气涡轮燃烧室的燃烧区,从燃气涡轮排气中催化清除NOx与CO和干低NOx燃烧室。同样也采用了将压缩机排出的稀释空气引入燃烧室的衬套外壳及过渡件中的方法以减少排放物。
发明概述
按本发明所述的一方面,业已验证如何管理好燃气涡轮燃烧系统中的稀释空气是达到较低排放水平的重要方面。尤其,在形成燃烧室稀释空气管理系统的零件公差和组装方面存在已知的变化。那些变化严重地影响排放水平的变化。业已认为燃烧室中的几个区域特别是在燃烧室控制稀释空气进入的零件间连接处是对明显影响排放物的泄漏路径的变化起重要作用的。
按本发明所述的一个方面,在结构及组装方法方面业已对燃烧室,尤其衬套外壳和文氏管作了改进以减小稀释空气泄漏路径的变化,使燃烧室之间稀释空气泄漏量相对恒定被考虑在稀释空气控制系统中。特别是燃烧室包括一个位于罩中心体下游围绕双壁文氏管的衬套外壳。按本发明的一方面,文氏管外壁与衬套外壳相互间在文氏管下游以较近的圆周间隔用铆钉连接从而减少了泄漏路径并减小了相同燃烧室之间泄漏路径的变化。另一方面,内外文氏管壁重叠在一起形成了轴向延伸的环形法兰。两法兰沿环周焊接在一起堵塞了一条确定的泄漏路径。因此,防止了从前铆接在一起的两个法兰之间的稀释空气泄漏。再一方面,衬套外壳和文氏管壁法兰用预先在衬套外壳上钻好的孔作导向进行配钻而形成穿过文氏管法兰的孔。因此,铆钉被插入配钻的孔从而减小了稀释空气通过文氏管和衬套外壳间接合部的泄漏。
在按本发明所述的一个优先实施例中,为燃气涡轮提供了一种燃烧衬套组件,包括一个罩中心体,一个围绕所述中心体的衬套外壳,多个在衬套外壳内并在中心体周围的主燃料喷嘴喷注室组件,一个位于罩中心体和喷嘴喷注室组件下游并固定于衬套外壳的文氏管,该衬套外壳有一个接收稀释空气进入文氏管和衬套外壳间充气室流入中心体下游稀释区的入口,该文氏管通常包括一般彼此径向间隔的环形内外套,外套自文氏管喉部向下游延伸,多个铆钉围绕衬套外壳在间隔的圆周位置连接衬套外壳和文氏管外套以减小稀释空气自充气室及衬套外壳和文氏管外套间的泄漏。
在按本发明所述的另一个优先实施例中,为燃气涡轮提供了一种燃烧衬套组件,包括一个罩中心体,一个围绕中心体的衬套外壳,多个在衬套外壳内并在中心体周围的主燃料喷嘴喷注室组件,一个位于罩中心体和喷嘴喷注室组件下游并固定于衬套外壳的文氏管,该衬套外壳有一个接收稀释空气进入文氏管和衬套外壳间充气室流入中心体下游稀释区的入口,该文氏管规定一个中心体下游的喉部区并通常包括大致彼此径向间隔的环形内外套,文氏管外套上有多个与充气室相通的用以使稀释空气在内外套间流动的孔,文氏管的内外套具有轴向向上游延伸径向朝衬套外壳方向延伸并终止于大致沿轴向延伸重叠的法兰的壁部及一条沿环周的密封重叠法兰以堵塞来自充气室的稀释空气泄漏的环形焊缝。
在按本发明所述的再一个优先实施例中,提供了一种用以消除或减少衬套外壳和文氏管间稀释空气泄漏的将环形文氏管固定于衬套外壳并沿燃气涡轮燃烧室衬套外壳内表面固定的方法,该文氏管具有一个一般沿轴向延伸的环形法兰,包括下列步骤:(a)在衬套外壳周围形成多个圆周间隔的铆钉孔,(b)将文氏管放入衬套外壳中使法兰对准在衬套外壳上形成的孔,(c)紧接着(b)用穿过衬套外壳的孔作导向形成穿过文氏管法兰的孔以及(d)将铆钉穿过对准的孔使衬套外壳与文氏管法兰铆接起来。
附图简述
图1是围绕燃烧室中心线的燃烧衬套组件的局部的半剖视图;
图2是取自于图1的2-2线的剖视图;
图3是图示文氏管的双壁及法兰结构的放大的局部剖视图;及
图4-7是图示文氏管和衬套外壳的铆接组装及形成配钻的铆钉孔的局部剖视图。
发明详细说明
现参看附图,尤其看图1,图示了一个燃烧衬套组件,通常由10所指,包括一个罩中心体12,一个衬套外壳14,一个主燃料喷嘴喷注室组件16及一个文氏管18。人们将会意识到燃烧衬套组件10在结构上是以中心线20为中心的圆柱形或环形且多个主燃料喷嘴16在以轴线20为中心的圆周上相互间隔地排列。一个旋流器22示为罩中心体12的一部分。衬套外壳14具有一个包括多个接收来自充气室(未示出),燃烧衬套组件与燃烧气流罩/壳体(也未示出)之间的压缩机排出的空气的周向间隔的孔24的入口。文氏管18由配置于衬套外壳14内的预先制成的双壁环形结构件组成并包括一个内衬26和一个外衬28。文氏管18具有一个与罩中心体12一起确定喉部区32的径向内顶点30。文氏管18的内外衬26和28包括分别轴向向上游延伸和径向向外朝喷注室组件16延伸的内外壁部34和36。该壁部34和36终止于一对分别转向一般沿轴向向下游方向延伸的法兰38和40。法兰由铆钉42以下述方式固定于衬套外壳14。文氏管18的外衬28也用多个圆周间隔的铆钉44固定于文氏管下游的衬套外壳14。最好如图1所示,衬套外壳14形成径向向内的凹形叠在文氏管18的外衬28上形成衬套外壳14和文氏管外套28相互固定的基本上凹形的带。
业已发现供给燃烧室的稀释空气的泄漏路径变化对排放物有明显影响且这些变化是由零件公差及零件组装所引起的。例如,有关的主要泄漏路径是在铆钉44区域衬套外壳14和文氏管18的外套28之间。人们将会看到通过孔24从燃烧衬套外供给环形空气室的压缩机排出的空气可能通过铆钉连接处泄漏,以前使用6个铆钉互相固定衬套外壳14和外套28。然而,业已发现对于各个相同的燃烧室通过铆钉连接处的泄漏量有变化并造成排放物将发生变化。至今那些由泄漏路径流量引起的排放物尚未被确定和控制。为了控制通过铆钉连接处的泄漏量给衬套外壳和外套28之间连接提供了以更近的圆周间隔分布的附加的铆钉。这些附加铆钉控制间隙并因此控制衬套外壳和外套间的泄漏量从而减小或消除通过连接部、泄漏量的变化。结果,如图2所示,至少用10个和最好12个或更多的铆钉44沿圆周相互间隔地固定衬套外壳14和文氏管18的外套28。人们将会意识到由于维修期间有时文氏管要从衬套外壳上拆下,故不能将衬套外壳和外套相互焊接在一起。因此需要在那些零件间采用一些非永久性的连接。
如上所指,有一条经文氏管外套28中的孔50使稀释空气从充气室46流入文氏管内外套26和28之间空间的附加的泄漏路径。这条附加的泄漏路径通过文氏管18的内外衬34和36各自的法兰38和40之间。虽然过去这些法兰38和40彼此接合并与衬套外壳14进行铆接,这些法兰间及从燃烧室衬套到相同燃烧衬套之间出现的可变间隙却导致了外表相同燃烧室有可变的排放物。为了减少排放物及消除同样燃烧室间排放物的变化,按本发明所提出的方法,将法兰38和40相互密封。这种密封最好是在法兰38和40间沿它们的端边及圆周连接部以焊缝52的形式实现(图3-7)。人们将会意识到用一条绕燃烧衬套圆周并在法兰38和40之间的焊缝,完全消除了以前的泄漏间隙。
再有一个泄漏间隙显然是在衬套外壳14与文氏管18的重叠法兰38和40之间。业已证明这些间隙在相同结构的燃烧室之间有变化并因此导致引起可变排放物的泄漏流量。同样,尽管为了维修和服务要将文氏管从衬套外壳拆下但仍必须使文氏管喉部区32保持在预定的范围内这一点是很重要的。在文氏管和衬套外壳的最初制造时,和在其寿命期间对燃烧室进行各种保养程序的整个过程中保养喉区也是重要的。
为了减小衬套外壳14和法兰38与40间的泄漏间隙及精确地保持喉部区32,铆钉孔42要配合成形例如配钻。以前,铆钉孔在另件加工阶段分别成形。即在文氏管法兰38和40与衬套外壳14组装前在这些另件上钻铆钉孔。然而,按本发明所述的方法,铆钉孔是配钻成形的。尤其,在另件加工阶段形成,最好是钻成穿过衬套外壳14的铆钉孔51。然后将在焊接好的法兰上还设有铆钉孔的文氏管18插入衬套外壳14,如图4所示。用量具精确地使文氏管在衬套外壳内定位以保证到罩中心体的喉部距离是精确的。一旦文氏管在衬套外壳内精确定位好,最好在以120°间隔的三个点将文氏管与衬套外壳进行点焊以便保证在最终组装时保持喉部区域的理想距离。在图5中临时点焊以53示意。在文氏管与衬套外壳相互被临时点焊的情况下,用先前穿过衬套外壳而成形的孔51作导向形成最好是钻成穿过文氏管18的重叠法兰38和40的铆钉孔55,如图6所示。这就保证了铆钉孔相互间的正确位置,减少了一旦使用铆钉后的泄漏路径并精确地保持了喉部区。如图7所示,然后将铆钉42穿过配钻的孔并随即将它们的罩焊于衬套外壳(54所指)。
虽然结合目前认为是最实际和优先的实施例说明了本发明,但应当理解本发明不限于公开的实施例,相反,要涵盖被包含在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的各种修改及等同结构。
燃烧衬套组件 10
罩中心体 12
衬套外壳 14
主燃料喷嘴喷注室组件 16
文氏管 18
中心轴线 20
旋流器 22
孔 24
内衬 26
外衬 28
径向内顶点 30
喉部区 32
内外壁部 34,36
法兰 38,40
铆钉 42
铆钉 44
环形充气室 46
孔 50
铆钉孔 51
焊缝 52
临时点焊 53
铆钉头 54

Claims (10)

1.一种燃气涡轮的燃烧衬套组件包括:
一个罩中心体;
一个围绕所述中心体的衬套外壳;
多个在该衬套外壳内围绕该中心体的主燃料喷嘴喷注室组件;
一个在罩中心体和喷嘴喷注室组件下游并被固定于所述衬套外壳的文氏管;
所述衬套外壳具有一个用以接收稀释空气进入该文氏管和该衬套外壳间的充气室以流入该中心体下游的稀释区的入口;
所述文氏管限定一个中心体下游的喉部区并通常包括径向彼此间隔的环形内外套;
所述文氏管外套具有多个与所述充气室连通使稀释空气在该文氏管内外套间流动的孔;
所述文氏管的所述内外套具有沿轴向上游并径向朝所述衬套外壳方向延伸而终止于各自的沿轴向延伸的重叠的法兰的壁部;和
一条环绕这些重叠的法兰并密封这些重叠的法兰之间以防止来自所述充气室的稀释空气泄漏流动的环形焊缝。
2.按权利要求1所述的燃烧衬套组件,其特征在于,所述法兰沿背离所述中心体和所述喷嘴喷注室的轴向下游方向延伸。
3.按权利要求1所述的燃烧衬套组件,其特征在于,所述的文氏管外套自形成所述文氏管一部分的文氏管喉部向下游延伸;
所述的文氏管外套具有多个与所述充气室相通以使稀释空气在文氏管内外套间流动的孔。
4.按权利要求1所述的燃烧衬套组件,其特征在于,所述的文氏管外套自形成所述文氏管一部分的文氏管喉部向下游延伸,多个铆钉围绕所述衬套外壳在间隔的圆周位置上相互连接所述衬套外壳和所述文氏管外套,以减少稀释空气自该充气室和该衬套外壳与文氏管外套之间的泄漏流量。
5.按权利要求4所述的燃烧衬套组件,其特征在于,在该衬套外壳周围所述铆钉的数量至少是10个,并彼此等间隔地围绕该衬套外壳。
6.按权利要求4所述的燃烧衬套组件,其特征在于,在该衬套外壳周围所述铆钉的数量至少为12个,并彼此等间隔地围绕该衬套外壳。
7.一种将一环形文氏管沿燃气涡轮燃烧室的衬套外壳的内表面并固定于其上以消除或减少该衬套外壳和文氏管间稀释空气泄漏量的方法,该文氏管具有大致沿轴向延伸的环形法兰,包括下列步骤:
(a)在衬套外壳周围形成多个沿圆周间隔的铆钉孔;
(b)将文氏管安置在该衬套外壳中,使该法兰与该衬套外壳上形成的这些孔对准;
(c)紧接步骤(b)后,利用穿过该衬套外壳的孔作导向,形成穿过该文氏管法兰的孔;以及
(d)将铆钉穿过这些对准的孔,将该衬套外壳与文氏管法兰彼此铆接起来。
8.按权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,顺序执行步骤(a)-(d),以及在步骤(b)后且在步骤(c)前将文氏管外壁法兰点焊到衬套外壳。
9.按权利要求8所述的方法,包括将铆钉的头焊接到衬套外壳。
10.按权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,文氏管具有终止于重叠的法兰的内和外套;和步骤(b)包括将文氏管安置在该衬套外壳中,使该法兰与该衬套外壳上形成的这些孔对准,步骤(c)包括利用在该衬套外壳上形成的孔作导向,形成穿过两个法兰的孔,以及步骤(d)包括将铆钉穿过这些对准的孔,将该衬套外壳与法兰彼此铆接起来。
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