CN100521483C - Active clamped topology circuit of multi transformer - Google Patents
Active clamped topology circuit of multi transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN100521483C CN100521483C CNB2006100615995A CN200610061599A CN100521483C CN 100521483 C CN100521483 C CN 100521483C CN B2006100615995 A CNB2006100615995 A CN B2006100615995A CN 200610061599 A CN200610061599 A CN 200610061599A CN 100521483 C CN100521483 C CN 100521483C
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Abstract
The related active clamping topological circuit comprises: at least one transformer group every with two members, all primary sides connected in series to export two input wires with one connected to a main switch S1, the first end of secondary side paralleled directly to export a first output wire; for every transformer, the second end of first/second transformer secondary side parallels to export the first/second parallel line to pass switch S3/S4 and parallel with each other to export the second output line; and a clamping circuit with switch S2 and capacitor C1. This invention is simple and small volume, and benefit to heat dispersion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of switch power, more particularly, relate to a kind of active-clamp topological circuit that is applicable to the multiple transformers of low-voltage, high-current DC/DC converter.
Background technology
Along with modern very lagre scale integrated circuit (VLSIC) size constantly reduces to improve constantly with speed, higher requirement has also been arranged thereupon at the power supply to integrated circuit aspect volume miniaturization and the high power density.In computer and communication system, will adopt widely so-called distributed power supply system (Distributed Power System, DPS).In distributed power supply system, energy is dispensed to load end by the little current bus transmission of high pressure (as 48V), is transformed into directly offered load of low-voltage (as 3.3V or lower) by one or more levels DC/DC converter then.At present, the conversion efficiency of DC/DC converter requires high as much as possible, and standby current is as far as possible little, simultaneously, requires converter that very little size and flat structure are arranged.Low-voltage, high-current will be one of trend of middle low power power supply development.
Active clamping circuir extensive use in the DC/DC converter, active clamping circuir is composed in series by active device (power MOS switch tube is called clamp switch) and clamping capacitance, is connected in parallel on the winding two ends, the former limit of transformer of main switch or converter.Utilize clamping capacitance and metal-oxide-semiconductor output capacitance and Transformer Winding leakage inductance resonance, create the condition that the main switch no-voltage is opened, and at the main switch blocking interval, voltage by clamping capacitance clamps the main switch both end voltage on the certain numerical value level, substantially remain unchanged, thereby avoided voltage stress excessive on the switch.
Comparing nearest similar prior art with the present invention is the single phase transformer active clamping circuir, in concrete product application is arranged.
U.S. Patent No. US4441146 discloses a kind of active clamping circuir, and as shown in Figure 1: this circuit comprises 20, one auxiliary switches 21 of an electric capacity (distinguishing mutually with the main switch that the control transformer energy flows to) and ON-OFF control circuit 22.When the main switch closure, transformer is in during the ON, and this control circuit makes auxiliary switch be in opening; When main switch is opened, transformer is in during the OFF, and this control circuit makes auxiliary switch be in closure state.After auxiliary switch and the capacitances in series, be connected in parallel with the Transformer Winding composition.
U.S. Patent No. US5303138 discloses a provenance clamp circuit and has added the synchronous rectification self-powered.This converter comprises the rectifier of dc voltage input, transformer, switch, output loading, clamp circuit, connection secondary and output.Wherein rectifier comprises: synchronous rectifier and diode.As shown in Figure 2: clamp circuit comprises two synchronous rectifiers 205 and 206, wherein 206 can not have a negative impact to converter efficiency under low frequency of operation.
U.S. Patent No. US6081432 discloses a kind of active-clamp converter that uses synchronous rectification.As shown in Figure 3: main switch 102 is connected to DC input voltage 101 on the former limit 103 of transformer 104.Switch 102 is in during the Off, and reset switch 105 and reset voltage power supply 106 provide the reset voltage on the former limit 103.Reset voltage power supply 106 can be the electric capacity of storage reset voltage.This circuit also comprises filtering circuit 108, comprising: synchronous rectifier 109 and 110 (being generally MOS transistor), be used for receiving voltages and providing DC the inductance 111 and the electric capacity 112 of output for output 113 and 114 from secondary 107.The first end 107a of the control gate 109g of synchronous rectifier 109 and secondary 107, and the control gate 110g of synchronous rectifier 110 is connected to the second end 107b of secondary 107.Control circuit 116 is responded to 113 and 114 output voltage, and is provided for the control signal of control switch 102 and 105 at output 116a.Control circuit 116 is connected in the network 117 that wherein comprises time delay circuit 118 and time delay logical circuit 120.
If consider also to transmit energy at the transformer reseting stage, i.e. the positive circuit of reversed excitation of voltage feed, as shown in Figure 4, outputting inductance L diminishes.
Low pressure output can make the no-load voltage ratio of transformer bigger, particularly high pressure input occasion (as 200V to 400V).No-load voltage ratio more then needs the former limit number of turn more, take bigger space.Big electric current exports required secondary winding and output line can take bigger PCB copper platinum space, can make the heating of printed board dress power supply BMP (BoardMounted Power) module simultaneously, and efficient reduces., the volume of BMP is more and more littler now, and quarter brick, 1/8 brick more and more account for main flow, and 1/16 brick also can account for very big market soon.Thereby to the output of big electric current, how in limited bulk, guaranteed efficiency and production technology (needing certain copper cash current density) are very crucial problems.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the no-load voltage ratio that can make transformer at the above-mentioned low pressure output of prior art is defective such as big, big electric current delivery efficiency reduction, and a kind of active-clamp topological circuit that is used for the multiple transformers of low-voltage, high-current DC/DC module is provided.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: construct a kind of active-clamp topological circuit of multiple transformers, comprising comprising at least one transformer group, comprise two transformers in each transformer group; Two incoming lines are derived in the series connection back, former limit of all transformers, are in series with main switch S1 on an incoming line therein; First end of all transformer secondary, first output line of deriving directly in parallel; In the different transformer group, second end of first transformer secondary, first parallel wire of deriving directly in parallel, second end of second transformer secondary, second parallel wire of deriving directly in parallel, described first parallel wire is parallel with one another and derive second output line after switch S 4 through switch S 3, described second parallel wire; Each transformer is operated in positive energizing mode; Also comprise clamp circuit.
In active-clamp topological circuit of the present invention, one or more described transformer group can be integrated in the integrated magnetic component.The magnetic core air gap of described transformer comprises the following method of opening: only open air gap at the edge; Only open air gap at center pillar; Edge and center pillar are all opened air gap.
In active-clamp topological circuit of the present invention, described clamp circuit comprises switch S 2 and capacitor C 1.Described clamp circuit can be selected a kind of of following connected mode: in parallel with described main switch S1; In parallel with winding two ends, the former limit of described transformer; One end is connected on described first parallel wire, and the other end is connected on described second parallel wire; One end is connected on described first parallel wire, and the other end is connected on described first output line.
In active-clamp topological circuit of the present invention, described switch S 1 and S2 are the crystal switch pipe; Described switch S 3 and S4 are synchronous rectifier or Schottky diode.When switch is synchronous rectifier, adopt self-powered; Described self-powered is directly to add that with transformer auxiliary winding drives.When switch is synchronous rectifier, can adopt him to drive; Described he to drive be to drive by adding drive circuit.
Implement the active-clamp topological circuit of multiple transformers of the present invention, have following beneficial effect: design of transformer is easily convenient, and transformer can replace outputting inductance, need not inductance; The parallel connection of the former limit series connection of each transformer secondary, no-load voltage ratio significantly reduces, and need not to account for very big space; Required device is few, and fabric swatch is easy, and conversion efficiency is higher; Heat distribution is even, is beneficial to very much heat radiation.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the topological diagram of existing a kind of active clamping circuir;
Fig. 2 is the circuit topology figure that active clamping circuir adds the synchronous rectification self-powered;
Fig. 3 is to use the circuit topology figure of the active-clamp converter of synchronous rectification;
Fig. 4 is the topological diagram of the positive circuit of reversed excitation of voltage feed;
Fig. 5 is the circuit topology figure of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the circuit topology figure of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the circuit topology figure of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the circuit topology figure of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the circuit topology figure of fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the circuit topology figure of sixth embodiment of the invention;
Main winding was as the example schematic of auxiliary winding when Figure 11 was self-powered;
Auxiliary winding needed the example schematic of winding separately when Figure 12 was self-powered;
Figure 13 a is a schematic diagram of only opening air gap in the magnetic core of transformer among the present invention at center pillar;
Figure 13 b is a schematic diagram of only opening air gap in the magnetic core of transformer among the present invention at the edge;
Figure 13 c is a schematic diagram of opening air gap in the magnetic core of transformer among the present invention at center pillar and edge;
Figure 14 is the circuit diagram of the positive circuit of reversed excitation of active-clamp dual transformer of the present invention;
Figure 15 is that secondary rectifying tube among Figure 14, continued flow tube drive waveforms, normal shock instead swash the exciting current of two transformers and the oscillogram of output voltage;
Figure 16 is the circuit topology figure of current reversal in the switching tube of first embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 5, be the first embodiment of the present invention, in this topological circuit, comprise a transformer group, wherein comprise two transformer T1 and T2; Two incoming lines 501 and 502 are derived in the series connection back, former limit of transformer T1 and T2, are in series with main switch S1 on incoming line 502; First end of transformer T1 and T2 secondary, first output line 504 of deriving directly in parallel; Second end of the secondary of first transformer T1 is derived first parallel wire 505, second end of second transformer secondary is derived second parallel wire 506, and described first parallel wire 505 is parallel with one another and derive second output line 503 after switch S 4 through switch S 3, second parallel wire 506.Clamp circuit comprises switch S 2 and capacitor C 1, is connected in parallel on main switch S1 two ends, forms former limit clamp.
As shown in Figure 6, in the second embodiment of the present invention, its circuit topology figure and first embodiment are similar, just transformer T1 among Fig. 5 and T2 are integrated among the integrated magnetic component T.Integrated magnetic flux is crossed design a plurality of magnetic elements is shared magnetic circuit, reduces the magnetic element volume, improves power density.By magnetic flux mutual superposition or the counteracting between the integrated magnetic circuit, reduce magnetic loss, reduce the interconnected quantity of big electric current between winding quantity and the winding, reduce copper loss, promote efficient.Reduce output current ripple; Control parasitic parameter (mainly being leakage inductance) is realized soft switch or is reduced electric stress; Improve the circuit electric property.Two incoming lines 601 and 602 are derived in the series connection back, former limit of integrated magnetic component T, are in series with main switch S1 on incoming line 602; First end of integrated magnetic component T secondary, first output line 604 of deriving directly in parallel; Second end of integrated magnetic component T secondary is derived first parallel wire 605 and second parallel wire 606 respectively, and described first parallel wire 605 is parallel with one another and derive second output line 603 after switch S 4 through switch S 3, second parallel wire 606.Clamp circuit comprises switch S 2 and capacitor C 1, is connected in parallel on main switch S1 two ends, forms former limit clamp.
In the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 5, the number of transformer group can be a plurality of among the figure, promptly can be 2,4 or more a plurality of transformer.Correspondingly can be that two, 4 or more a plurality of transformer are integrated in the magnetic cell among Fig. 6.Magnetic flux can be coupled in the magnetic cell, also can not interact.
As shown in Figure 7, in the third embodiment of the present invention, comprise two transformer group, promptly comprised four transformer T1, T2, T3 and T4.Wherein T1 and T4 have constituted first transformer group, and T2 and T3 have constituted second transformer group.Two incoming lines 701 and 702 are derived in the series connection back, former limit of all transformer T1, T2, T3 and T4, are in series with main switch S1 on incoming line 702.First end of the secondary of all transformer T1, T2, T3 and T4, first output line 704 of deriving directly in parallel; Second end of first transformer T2 of first transformer T1 in first transformer group and second transformer group first parallel wire 705 of deriving directly in parallel, second end of second transformer T4 in first transformer group and second transformer T3 of second transformer group is directly in parallel, and to derive first parallel wire, 706, the first parallel wires 705 parallel with one another and derive second output line 703 after switch S 4 through switch S 3, second parallel wire 706.By the clamp circuit that switch S 2 and capacitor C 1 are formed, be connected in parallel on main switch S1 two ends, form former limit clamp.
In aforementioned three embodiment, clamp circuit all is to adopt former limit clamp.In order to improve dynamic response, and can realize that magnetic isolates, can adopt secondary control, promptly use side edge clamp.As shown in Figure 8, in fourth embodiment of the invention, except that clamp circuit, its circuit topology is identical with first embodiment of the invention.Two incoming lines 801 and 802 are derived in the series connection back, former limit of transformer T1 and T2, are in series with main switch S1 on incoming line 802; First end of transformer T1 and T2 secondary, first output line 804 of deriving directly in parallel; Second end of the secondary of first transformer T1 is derived first parallel wire 805, second end of second transformer secondary is derived second parallel wire 806, and described first parallel wire 805 is parallel with one another and derive second output line 803 after switch S 4 through switch S 3, second parallel wire 806.Among the 4th embodiment, by the clamp circuit that switch S 2 and capacitor C 1 are formed, an end is connected on first parallel wire 805, and the other end is connected on second parallel wire 806, constitutes side edge clamp.
As shown in Figure 9, in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, except that clamp circuit, its circuit topology is identical with second embodiment of the invention.Two incoming lines 901 and 902 are derived in the series connection back, former limit of integrated magnetic component T, are in series with main switch S1 on incoming line 902; First end of integrated magnetic component T secondary, first output line 904 of deriving directly in parallel; Second end of integrated magnetic component T secondary is derived first parallel wire 905 and second parallel wire 906 respectively, and described first parallel wire 905 is parallel with one another and derive second output line 903 after switch S 4 through switch S 3, second parallel wire 906.Clamp circuit comprises that switch S 2 and capacitor C 1, one end are connected on first parallel wire 905, and the other end is connected on second parallel wire 906, constitutes side edge clamp.
As shown in figure 10, in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, except that clamp circuit, its circuit topology is identical with fifth embodiment of the invention.Two incoming lines 1001 and 1002 are derived in the series connection back, former limit of integrated magnetic component T, are in series with main switch S1 on incoming line 1002; First end of integrated magnetic component T secondary, first output line 1004 of deriving directly in parallel; Second end of integrated magnetic component T secondary is derived first parallel wire 1005 and second parallel wire 1006 respectively, and described first parallel wire 1005 is parallel with one another and derive second output line 1003 after switch S 4 through switch S 3, second parallel wire 1006.Clamp circuit comprises that switch S 2 and capacitor C 1, one end are connected on first parallel wire 1005, and the other end is connected on first output line 1004, constitutes side edge clamp.
S1 in the foregoing description and S2 are switching tube, and commonly used is for the crystal switch pipe, as MOSFET, and IGBT etc.S3 and S4 are switching tube or diode (diode also is a kind of switching tube), and commonly used is MOSFET or Schottky diode etc.When adopting synchronous rectifier, can adopt self-powered, also can adopt him to drive.Self-powered is meant directly and adds that with transformer auxiliary winding drives that he drives and is meant that adding certain drive circuit drives.In some cases, if electric pressure meets the demands, then main winding also can be used as auxiliary winding, as shown in figure 11.In other cases, need to twine separately auxiliary winding, as shown in figure 12.
The master control of switch is made as PWM control, resonance control or soft switch technique among the present invention; Adopt complementary control in the control, i.e. D, 1-D control.
The former limit series connection secondary parallel connection of multiple transformers is highly suitable for the application scenario that high voltage input and low-voltage is exported big electric current.After the parallel connection of the former limit series connection of a plurality of transformers secondary, symmetrical a normal shock transformer and an anti-violent change depressor have been constituted in the circuit.In order all to press, the magnetizing inductance of positive and negative laser depressor must equate, so the magnetic core of transformer all need leave identical air gap.The magnetic core air gap has the different methods of opening.With the EE magnetic core is example, can take following one of method (g that opens
2Expression center pillar air gap, and g
1And g
3Represent the left and right edges air gap respectively): only open air gap and center pillar is not opened air gap at the edge, shown in Figure 13 a, g wherein
2=0; Only open air gap and air gap is not opened at the edge at center pillar, shown in Figure 13 b, 0=g
1=g
3＜g
2Three magnetic posts are all opened air gap, and institute's air gap of opening is identical, shown in Figure 13 c, and g
1=g
2=g
3Other magnetic core such as EI result are similar.Different air gaps is opened method different design results: promptly magnetic flux is close coupling, or weak coupling.Winding also has different winding positions and method, and to open method relevant with air gap for this.And winding also can have multiple integrated or method for splitting (as long as guaranteeing circuit and magnetic circuit equivalence).
The circuit of above-described multiple transformers all is the no-output inductance, and equivalence is on former limit for it, and the transformer of being opened a way by secondary replaces.The circuit of above multiple transformers all is a current feed, it is current mode, the advantage of this transformer working method be can be automatically to or remanent magnetism saturated by iron core the excessive phenomenon of primary winding current that may cause limit, shortcoming is responsive more to the leakage inductance of transformer, makes switching tube produce higher voltage in the moment that turns on and off easily.When Application Design, to give one's full attention to this point.All adopt flat surface transformer in the DC/DC module at present, can do leakage inductance very little.
Figure 14 is the circuit diagram of the positive circuit of reversed excitation of active-clamp dual transformer of the present invention, and transformer is an ideal transformer among the figure.The sense of current of switching tube is opposite with Fig. 5 among Figure 14, its at two transformers place directly in parallel for output voltage just, this is also opposite with Fig. 5.Figure 15 is that secondary rectifying tube among Figure 14, continued flow tube drive waveforms, normal shock instead swash the exciting current of two transformers and the oscillogram of output voltage.
Figure 16 is the circuit topology figure of current reversal in the switching tube of first embodiment of the invention.As shown in figure 16, two transformer secondary place directly in parallel for output voltage just, opposite with voltage shown in Figure 5.
A kind of multiple transformers active-clamp topological circuit that is applicable to low-voltage, high-current DC/DC module that the present invention proposes is having remarkable advantages aspect cost and the efficient.All transformers can be designed to the same, thereby very convenient, and transformer can replace outputting inductance.The parallel connection of the former limit series connection of each transformer adopting secondary can make no-load voltage ratio significantly reduce, and the former like this limit number of turn seldom need not to account for very big space.Owing to adopt a plurality of transformers, output current and power are shared by several transformers again, and each transformer only bears very little electric current and power, so design is more flexible in limited bulk, fabric swatch is easy, can guarantee less copper cash current density, and conversion efficiency is higher.In addition, this circuit heat distribution is even, is beneficial to very much heat radiation.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of active-clamp topological circuit of multiple transformers is characterized in that,
Comprising at least one transformer group, comprise two transformers in each transformer group;
Two incoming lines are derived in the series connection back, former limit of all transformers, are in series with main switch S1 on an incoming line therein;
First end of all transformer secondary, first output line of deriving directly in parallel;
In the different transformer group, second end of first transformer secondary, first parallel wire of deriving directly in parallel, second end of second transformer secondary, second parallel wire of deriving directly in parallel, described first parallel wire is parallel with one another and derive second output line after switch S 4 through switch S 3, described second parallel wire;
Each transformer is operated in positive energizing mode; Also comprise clamp circuit; Wherein, first end of first transformer secondary is the different name end, and second end is an end of the same name; First end of second transformer secondary is an end of the same name, and second end is the different name end.
2, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one transformer group is integrated in the integrated magnetic component.
3, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the magnetic core air gap of described transformer comprises the following method of opening: only open air gap at the edge; Only open air gap at center pillar; Or edge and center pillar are all opened air gap.
4, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described clamp circuit comprises switch S 2 and capacitor C 1.
5, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described clamp circuit is in parallel with described main switch S1.
6, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described clamp circuit is in parallel with winding two ends, the former limit of described transformer.
7, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, an end of described clamp circuit is connected on described first parallel wire, and the other end is connected on described second parallel wire.
8, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, an end of described clamp circuit is connected on described first parallel wire, and the other end is connected on described first output line.
9, active-clamp topological circuit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described switch S 1 and S2 are the crystal switch pipe; Described switch S 3 and S4 are synchronous rectifier or Schottky diode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100615995A CN100521483C (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2006-07-07 | Active clamped topology circuit of multi transformer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100615995A CN100521483C (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2006-07-07 | Active clamped topology circuit of multi transformer |
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| CN100521483C true CN100521483C (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8279636B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-10-02 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Flyback converter with forward converter reset clamp |
| CN106452093A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-02-22 | 深圳市英威腾电气股份有限公司 | DC/DC converter |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4441146A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1984-04-03 | Vicor Corporation | Optimal resetting of the transformer's core in single ended forward converters |
| US5303138A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-04-12 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Low loss synchronous rectifier for application to clamped-mode power converters |
| JP2003199337A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-11 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | Dc-dc converter |
| CN1667927A (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-14 | 全汉企业股份有限公司 | Asymmetric half-bridge flyback converter |
-
2006
- 2006-07-07 CN CNB2006100615995A patent/CN100521483C/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4441146A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1984-04-03 | Vicor Corporation | Optimal resetting of the transformer's core in single ended forward converters |
| US5303138A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-04-12 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Low loss synchronous rectifier for application to clamped-mode power converters |
| JP2003199337A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-11 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | Dc-dc converter |
| CN1667927A (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-14 | 全汉企业股份有限公司 | Asymmetric half-bridge flyback converter |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 一种具有输入端电容均压的串-并型双管正激组合变换器研究. 石健将，严仰光，何湘宁.中国电机工程学报，第24卷第12期. 2004 |
| 一种具有输入端电容均压的串-并型双管正激组合变换器研究. 石健将，严仰光，何湘宁.中国电机工程学报，第24卷第12期. 2004 * |
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Address after: Nanshan District Xueyuan Road in Shenzhen city of Guangdong province 518055 No. 1001 Nanshan Chi Park B2 building 1-4 floor, building 6-10 Patentee after: Vitamin Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 518057 Nanshan District science and Technology Industrial Park, Guangdong, Shenzhen Branch Road, No. Patentee before: Aimosheng Network Energy Source Co., Ltd. |