Niobium particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnesium alloy technology of preparing, be specially a kind of plasticity Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Amorphous metallic material is because its unique atom arrangement, and promptly long-range is unordered and short range order makes it have excellent use properties, for example: high strength, high elastic limit and excellent corrosion resisting performance or the like.And magnesium-base amorphous alloy is owing to its high specific strength, special advantages such as be easy to recycle and become the new engineering material that has application prospect.In addition, China has abundant magnesium resource, more makes the magnesium-base amorphous metallic substance of R and D have realistic meaning.
But the distortion of amorphous alloy is a kind of distortion of height localization.Main deflection concentrates in several limited shear zones.Though the relative deformation in the shear zone can be very big, the amount of plastic deformation of amorphous alloy integral body is very limited.On the whole, amorphous alloy is a kind of hard brittle material.Magnesium-base amorphous alloy then is one of the most crisp several amorphous alloys, and its fracture mode can be considered to a kind of typical brittle rupture.This intrinsic fragility has greatly limited the practical application of magnesium-base amorphous alloy.
In order to improve the plasticity and toughness energy of amorphous alloy, people have been developed various amorphous alloy composite materials.Give birth to precipitated phase in various containing or add particle and the amorphous alloy composite material of fiber has all shown certain plasticity.At present, the main method of enhancing magnesium-base amorphous alloy is that interior life is separated out the toughness phase or hindered the expansion of shear zone to improve its plasticity by adding the high-hardness ceramic particle.But, because the size of interior living precipitated phase is limited, or the intrinsic fragility of ceramic particle, these methods are very limited to the inhibition of shear zone.The room temperature compressive plastic deformation amount of the magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material by the preparation of these methods only has 1%~3%.In order to make magnesium-base amorphous alloy become a kind of engineering materials of practicality, an urgent demand is sought and is more effectively strengthened means.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plasticity Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material and preparation method thereof, solve magnesium-base amorphous alloy fragility big, be prone to problem such as brittle rupture, finally obtain the magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material of high strength, high-ductility deformability.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The invention provides a kind of plasticity niobium particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material, the composition of this matrix material is Mg
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10(at.%) compound with the Nb particle, Nb particulate percent by volume V
fBe 4%~8%, Nb particulate granularity is 20~50 μ m.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned plasticity Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) with Cu, after three kinds of elements of Ag and Gd (weight purity>99.9%) mixed by the composition proportion weighing, arc melting was made master alloy in inert gas atmosphere;
(2) again with master alloy with after Mg mixes, induction melting is made Mg in inert gas atmosphere
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10(at.%) alloy;
(3) in inert gas atmosphere, with the Nb particle and the Mg of different volumes percentage ratio
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10Alloy liquid mixes, and the matrix material of induction stirring to obtain mixing;
(4) with matrix material alloy pig induction melting in inert gas atmosphere, and spray to cast obtains niobium particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material in copper mold.
Magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material prepared among the present invention confirms that through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DSC) the amorphous alloy composite material sample that is obtained has the feature of typical amorphous alloy.The Nb particulate adds the formation ability of both not damaged the amorphous alloy matrix, does not also change its thermodynamic behavior.Through being that to carry out strain rate be 2 * 10 for the composite sample of 2mm to diameter
-4s
-1The room temperature compression testing, and utilize scanning electron microscope (SEM) that the sample after the compression fracture is observed.
Performance index are:
Yield strength: σ
y=901 ± 30MPa (V
f=8%);
Amount of plastic deformation: ε
Plastic=12.1 ± 3% (V
f=8%).
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, the magnesium-base amorphous alloy of the present invention's employing is Mg
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10(at.%), Nb particulate percent by volume is 4%~8%.The Nb particulate adds the formation ability that does not change the amorphous alloy matrix, has kept the advantage of its high specific strength.The Nb particle of magnesium-base amorphous alloy and certain content is compared with typical amorphous alloy after the two is used, and Nb particle reinforced composite materials has higher intensity and plastic deformation ability.
2, the present invention has adopted that arc melting prepares that master alloy, induction melting prepare that magnesium-base amorphous alloy, Nb particle and magnesium-base amorphous alloy liquid electromagnetic mix, the induction melting spray to cast is to the medium step combination of copper mold, can obtain amorphous alloy composite material, preparation technology is simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the SEM Photomicrograph of matrix material.
Fig. 1 b is the X-ray diffraction curve of magnesium-base amorphous alloy and Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material.
Fig. 2 is the room temperature compression fracture curve of magnesium-base amorphous alloy and Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material.
Fig. 3 is the specimen surface SEM photo behind the fracture of composite materials.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in detail by the following examples.
The present invention prepares plasticity Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material as follows:
With Cu, after three kinds of elements of Ag and Gd (weight purity>99.9%) mix by the composition proportion weighing, in inert gas atmosphere, adopt conventional arc melting to make master alloy; Again with master alloy with after Mg mixes, in inert gas atmosphere, adopt conventional induction melting to make Mg
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10(at.%) alloy; In inert gas atmosphere, with the Nb particle (granularity is 20~50 μ m) and the Mg of different volumes percentage ratio
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10Alloy liquid mixes, and adopts the matrix material of conventional induction stirring to obtain mixing; The matrix material alloy pig is adopted conventional induction melting in inert gas atmosphere, and spray to cast obtains Nb particle enhanced magnesium-base amorphous alloy composite material, present embodiment rare gas element employing argon gas in copper mold.The copper mold concrete processing parameter of casting is as follows: the copper mold spray to cast is 10 in vacuum tightness
-3Pa, temperature are to carry out under 700 ℃ the condition.The SEM Photomicrograph of matrix material as shown in Figure 1a, as can be seen from the figure: the Nb particle of plasticity has hindered the motion and the expansion of shear zone effectively.By the homogeneous deformation of self, the nonhomogeneous strain that the Nb particle can absorb shear zone effectively and brought has also effectively promoted the germinating and the fork of secondary shearing band, feasible distortion is evenly distributed on the whole sample more, thereby has given sample good plastic deformation ability.
Embodiment 1
When at Mg
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10Add V in the alloy
fDuring=4% Nb particle, its room temperature compression fracture curve is seen the curve 2 among Fig. 2:
Yield strength: σ
y=839 ± 40MPa;
Amount of plastic deformation: ε
Plastic=5 ± 2.4%.
Embodiment 2
When at Mg
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10Add V in the alloy
fDuring=6% Nb particle,
Yield strength: σ
y=876 ± 40MPa;
Amount of plastic deformation: ε
Plastic=7 ± 3.2%.
Embodiment 3
When at Mg
65Cu
20Ag
5Gd
10Add V in the alloy
fDuring=8% Nb particle, its room temperature compression fracture curve is seen the curve 3 among Fig. 2:
Yield strength: σ
y=901 ± 30MPa;
Amount of plastic deformation: ε
Plastic=12.1 ± 3%.
Shown in Fig. 1 (b), from the diffraction curve of magnesium-base amorphous alloy (Nb granule content be zero) and present embodiment (Nb particle volume percentage composition is 8%) more as can be seen, the Nb particle adds the back and with matrix any chemical reaction does not take place, and does not also have obviously to influence the glass forming ability of amorphous alloy matrix.
Fig. 3 is the specimen surface SEM photo behind the fracture of composite materials.
Shown in Fig. 3 (a), the Nb particle of plasticity has hindered the motion and the expansion of shear zone effectively.Fig. 3 (b) shows the situation after shear zone moves to the Nb granule interior.By the homogeneous deformation of self, the nonhomogeneous strain that the Nb particle can absorb shear zone effectively and brought.Wherein inserting figure is the enlarged view of shear zone at particle and basal body interface place.Fig. 3 (c) shows the situation of a large amount of shear zone germinatings in distortion back.The Nb particulate adds germinating and the fork that has effectively promoted the secondary shearing band, makes distortion be evenly distributed in more on the whole sample.Inserting figure is the germinating of secondary shearing band and the enlarged view of fork situation.Fig. 3 (d) shows the situation of matrix material fracture surface.As seen on fracture surface, both there had been the typical vein columnar fracture of amorphous alloy matrix feature, had the tear face that forms after the shearing strain of plasticity Nb particle process intensive again.
Relevant comparative example 1
Single-phase magnesium-base amorphous alloy [J.Mater.Res.18 (2003) 1502 for H.Men, D.H.Kim].The about 800MPa of this YIELD STRENGTH, amount of plastic deformation is 0, its room temperature compression fracture curve is seen the curve 1 among Fig. 2.
Relevant comparative example 2
Give birth to the magnesium base amorphous matrix material [H.Ma, J.Xu, and E.Ma, Appl.Phys.Lett.83,2793 (2003)] of precipitated phase α-Fe in containing.This matrix material yield strength is near 1GPa, and amount of plastic deformation is about 1%.
Relevant comparative example 3
With the magnesium base amorphous matrix material of TiB ceramic particle enhanced [Y.K.Xu, H.Ma, J.Xu, E.Ma, Acta.Mater.53,1857 (2005)].This matrix material yield strength is near 1.3GPa, and amount of plastic deformation is about 1%~3%.
From embodiment 1-3 as can be seen, Nb particulate percent by volume Vf is 4%~8% o'clock, keeping amorphous alloy to form under the constant condition of ability, can obviously improve the intensity and the plasticity of matrix material; Compare with traditional amorphous alloy, the plasticity index of this matrix material has had tangible rising, has overcome the shortcoming of typical amorphous alloy brittle rupture.