CN100511808C - Fuel battery and fuel storage for fuel battery - Google Patents

Fuel battery and fuel storage for fuel battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100511808C
CN100511808C CNB2005800097415A CN200580009741A CN100511808C CN 100511808 C CN100511808 C CN 100511808C CN B2005800097415 A CNB2005800097415 A CN B2005800097415A CN 200580009741 A CN200580009741 A CN 200580009741A CN 100511808 C CN100511808 C CN 100511808C
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fuel
accumulator tank
fuel cell
liquid fuel
supply
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CN1938891A (en
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须田吉久
长田隆博
山田邦生
神谷俊史
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Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

A small-size fuel battery preferably used as a power supply of a portable electronic device such as a portable telephone, a notebook computer, or a PDA. The fuel battery has a structure where unit cells are connected. Each unit cell is composed by forming an electrolyte layer in a fuel electrode body and an air electrode layer in the electrolyte layer. To each unit cell, a fuel supply body or a fuel electrode body having an infiltration structure connected to a fuel storage tank for storing a liquid fuel is connected to supply the liquid fuel to the unit cell. The liquid fuel storage tank contains a liquid fuel absorber composed of a porous body and/or a fiber bundle having a capillary force.

Description

Fuel cell and the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell and be used for the fuel reservoir of fuel cell, particularly be suitable for use as such as the small fuel cell of the power supply of portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computer, PDA and the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell.
Background technology
Generally speaking, fuel cell comprises: battery unit, wherein stacked air electrode layer, dielectric substrate and fuel electrode layer, fuel supplies, it is used for will be as the supply of fuel of reducing agent to fuel electrode layer, and air supply portion, it is used for will be as air supply of oxidant to air electrode layer, and, in this battery, electrochemical reaction takes place between fuel and airborne oxygen, extraneous so that power delivery is arrived.Various types of fuel cells are developed out.
Recent years, because the raising of environmental problem and energy saving consciousness, people begin one's study the clean energy resource of fuel cell as various uses.Say that especially people have begun to pay close attention to direct methanol fuel cell, its can be only by direct supply comprise the liquid fuel of first alcohol and water produce electric energy (referring to, for example document 1,2).
In these batteries, the known fuel cell that a kind of liquid fuel type arranged utilize capillary force supply fluid fuel (referring to, for example patent document 3 to 7).
In the liquid fuel type fuel cell of describing in each patent documentation, liquid fuel is fed to fuel electrode by capillary force from fuel reservoir in the above, does not therefore need to utilize pump to come pressure to carry liquid fuel, thereby has the advantage that size reduces.
This fuel liquid battery has only used the porous body that is arranged in the fuel reservoir and/or the capillary force of fibre bundle, thereby be suitable for reducing physical dimension, yet, because fuel directly is fed to fuel electrode with the form of liquid, therefore battery be loaded in the compact portable devices and the service condition of direction through changing on all directions of being everlasting of battery part under, in long-term use, fuel flowing in use will become imperfect, and the problem that the supply that fuel can take place is ended, thereby disturb the constant supply of fuel to dielectric substrate.
On the other hand, known to overcome the measure of above-mentioned defective, as example, the liquid fuel in a kind of fuel cell system is introduced in the battery by capillary force, liquid fuel subsequently in the fuel gasification layer gasification and be used (referring to, for example document 8).Yet, the problem that has the fuel slippage difference, this is one and demands improved basic problem urgently, and the fuel cell with said structure also relates to such problem, promptly, therefore be difficult to reduce the size of battery owing to there is the system that the liquid gasification is used as then fuel.
As previously mentioned, in conventional fuel cell, present situation is, directly to the fuel electrode fuel supplying time, liquid fuel is supplied astatically, thereby cause the output valve fluctuation in the operation, and be difficult to size with battery and be reduced to and be installed in the degree of keeping stability characteristic (quality) in the portable equipment simultaneously.
Have in the also superincumbent patent documentation 1 of storage and 8 with back fuel disclosed, but they be not disclosed in store after to processing with back fuel.
In addition, supply comprises that the liquid fuel of first alcohol and water produces in the fuel cell of electric energy only utilizing directly, need to improve auxiliary implement for example pump, electromagnetically operated valve, be used for the control device of controlling liquid fuel discharge amount, between propellant bottle and battery with to the discharge capacity transducer of battery rationing liquid fuel etc. (referring to, for example document 1,2).
Yet, provide such as utensils such as pump, electromagnetically operated valves, require to have electric energy driving pump, electromagnetically operated valve etc., therefore produce the problem that is difficult to reduce size.
In addition, known have deadweight that multiple measure utilizes liquid fuel and capillarity come to the battery supplied liquid fuel (referring to, for example patent document 3 to 7), but be used for system to the battery supplied liquid fuel at these, there is the problem that is difficult to the rationing liquid fuel.
In addition, there is following problems in previously described various types of traditional fuel holder that is used for fuel cell, promptly owing to the hold facility that liquid fuel is remained in the fuel storage part is less, therefore easily owing to cause liquid fuel drippage or leakage from fuel discharge outlet generation gas displacement.Say that especially compare with the material of adoring with printing ink, the liquid fuel that is used for fuel cell has low viscosity and low surface tension, therefore produced easy problem from fuel discharge outlet generation gas displacement.
On the other hand, fuel produces in the process of electric energy not by full consumption at fuel cell, and water or low-concentration liquid fuel produced by the form with spent fuel, perhaps can produce oxygenated fuel.For example, boron hydride is being used as in the battery of fuel, boron oxide is produced as spent fuel.
Carbon dioxide is dissolved in the spent fuel that produces in the electric energy production process.The bubble that produces because of the gas concentration lwevel rising causes electrode to contact with fuel, therefore must reclaim and remove spent fuel apace.Be used for the required size of the accumulator tank of spent fuel fuel reservoir no better than.In addition,, pump and electromagnetically operated valve need be installed between battery and spent fuel accumulator tank, and provide these utensils can produce such problem, promptly need to utilize electric energy operating pumps and electromagnetically operated valve in order to reclaim spent fuel.
As example, prior art as the spent fuel that is used for reclaiming fuel cell has a kind of structure example such as propellant bottle, and wherein in a single day liquid fuel is used and will returns in original jar, with the space of using tanks portion effectively (referring to, for example patent document 9 to 10).
Yet, in above-mentioned document, be used for from the feed mechanism of tanks portion fuel supplying and be used to reclaim the recovering mechanism of fuel not by open in detail, and they are different on technological concept with fuel cell of the present invention, liquid fuel among the present invention can not needed operating pumps and electromagnetically operated valve by rationing, and with after spent fuel can be reclaimed automatically.
In addition, the fuel liquid battery that above-described use is arranged in the capillary force of porous body in the fuel reservoir and/or fibre bundle is suitable for reducing structural size, yet, because fuel directly is fed to fuel electrode with the form of liquid, therefore under following service condition, be that battery is loaded in the compact portable devices, and the direction of battery part changes on all directions of being everlasting, then in long-term use, fuel flowing in use will become imperfect, and the problem that the supply that fuel can take place is ended, thereby disturb the constant supply of fuel to dielectric substrate.
Overcome the measure of above-mentioned defective as known being used to, as example, the liquid fuel in a kind of fuel cell system is introduced in the battery by capillary force, liquid fuel subsequently in the fuel gasification layer gasification and be used (referring to, for example document 8).Yet, the problem that has the fuel slippage difference, this is one and demands improved basic problem urgently, and the fuel cell with said structure also relates to such problem, promptly, therefore be difficult to reduce the size of battery owing to there is the system that the liquid gasification is used as then fuel.
In addition, known a kind of structure, wherein liquid fuel in a single day be used will return original jar in, with utilize it to release not use liquid fuel (referring to, for example document 9 to 11).Yet the state of the art is to be not used in the structure that reuses the fuel that returns immediately.
In such conventional fuel cell, the state of the art is, directly to the fuel electrode fuel supplying time, liquid fuel is supplied astatically, thereby cause the output valve fluctuation in the operation, and be difficult to size with battery and be reduced to and be installed in the degree of keeping stability characteristic (quality) in the portable equipment simultaneously.
In addition, be disclosed in aforementioned patent document 9 and 11 with the storage or the processing of fuel afterwards, but their clearly open reusing with back fuel.In addition, also have such problem, promptly when reusing liquid fuel, fuel whenever is used once its concentration will be reduced, and user and do not know the least concentration that liquid fuel can be used.
Patent documentation 1: 5-No. 258760 communiques of Japanese kokai publication hei (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 2: 5-No. 307970 communiques of Japanese kokai publication hei (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 3: 59-No. 66066 communiques of Japanese kokai publication sho (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 4: 6-No. 188008 communiques of Japanese kokai publication hei (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 5: 2003-No. 229158 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 6: 2003-No. 299946 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 7: 2003-No. 340273 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 8: 2001-No. 102069 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 9: 2003-No. 92128 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 10: 2004-No. 127905 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.);
Patent documentation 11: 2004-No. 199966 communiques of TOHKEMY (claim, execution mode etc.).
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention
Consider and reduce the problem and the state of the art that the size aspect exists in the previously described conventional fuel cell, first to the 5th aspect of the present invention is intended to address these problems, and the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fuel cell, wherein liquid fuel can directly be fed to fuel electrode with being stabilized, and the size of battery can reduce.
Consider that previously described tradition is used for the problem that the fuel reservoir of fuel cell exists, a sixth aspect of the present invention is intended to address these problems, and the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, wherein liquid fuel can be by efficient provision quantitatively to battery, and do not need to provide pump, electromagnetically operated valve, be used for control device, discharge capacity transducer of controlling liquid fuel discharge amount etc., and can reduce the size of fuel cell; In addition, also to provide corresponding fuel cell.
Consider that previously described tradition is used for the problem that the fuel reservoir of fuel cell exists, a seventh aspect of the present invention is intended to address these problems, and the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, wherein liquid fuel can be by efficient provision quantitatively to battery, and do not need to provide pump, electromagnetically operated valve, be used for control device, discharge capacity transducer of controlling liquid fuel discharge amount etc., and with after fuel can easily reclaim automatically, and do not need to provide independent with back fuel accumulator tank.
Consider the problem that exists in the previously described conventional fuel cell, a eighth aspect of the present invention is intended to address these problems, and the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fuel cell, wherein liquid fuel can directly be fed to fuel electrode with being stabilized, can easily reuse the spent fuel after using, the user finds exhausting of fuel easily, and the size of battery can reduce.
The technological means that the technical solution problem is taked
The inventor has carried out research repeatedly to previously described conventional art problem, found that the fuel cell that can realize above-mentioned purpose comprises such fuel cell, it has a plurality of connected battery units, each battery unit is by comprising structure (making) dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body of meticulous carbonaceous porous body, and making up (making) air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, wherein the supply of fuel part is directly connecting fuel storage groove (jar), to supply fuel to each battery unit, what have ad hoc structure is connecting an end of supply of fuel part with back liquid fuel accumulator tank, so just constructs first to the 5th aspect of the present invention.
In addition, the inventor has also successfully obtained to realize the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell and the fuel cell of above-mentioned purpose, wherein used the barrel type fuel reservoir that is connecting fuel battery main body removably, this fuel reservoir is provided with specific structure, constructs the of the present invention the 6th and the 7th aspect thus.
In addition, the inventor has also successfully obtained to realize the fuel cell of above-mentioned purpose, this fuel cell has a plurality of connected battery units, each battery unit is by comprising structure (making) dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body of meticulous carbonaceous porous body, and making up (making) air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, wherein the supply of fuel part is directly connecting liquid fuel accumulator tank (jar), to supply fuel to each battery unit, what have ad hoc structure is connecting an end of supply of fuel part with back liquid fuel accumulator tank, so just constructs a eighth aspect of the present invention.
That is to say, the present invention includes the content of following project (1) to (62).
(1) a kind of fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit forms by making up dielectric substrate and make up air electrode layer on the fuel electrode body on dielectric substrate, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, wherein, the liquid fuel with capillary force that is made of porous body or fibre bundle receives body to be contained in the described liquid fuel accumulator tank.
(2) as the described fuel cell of front project (1), wherein, described liquid fuel accumulator tank has removable barrel structure (cartridge structure).
(3) as front project (1) or (2) described fuel cell, wherein, liquid fuel is continuously supplied to the supply of fuel part by passing on body (feed) from described barrel structure, describedly passes on that body is made of porous body and/or fibre bundle and its capillary force is received the capillary force of body greater than described liquid fuel.
(4) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (1) to (3), wherein, the capillary force of described supply of fuel part or fuel electrode body is greater than described capillary force of passing on body.
(5) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (2) to (4), wherein, making the liquid fuel that infiltrates in described barrel structure be provided in the described fuel cell of supply of fuel part, the liquid fuel that infiltrates in described barrel structure is provided to the supply of fuel part by the liquid fuel conduit, this liquid fuel conduit is made by having visual transparent or semitransparent resin, and at least its with the contacted surface of liquid fuel on formation liquid fuel exclusion layer; See through the visible section be formed in the barrel structure visual observation liquid fuel conduit of assigning to, be detected by the signal that exhausts of the liquid fuel of barrel structure supply.
(6) as front project 5 described fuel cells, wherein, the inwall of described viewable portion is provided with smooth and has the part of trickle degree of irregularity, is available for users to the indicating device that tracer liquid runs out of gas by making up above-mentioned part, providing.
(7) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (2) to (6), wherein, be placed under the state of the position that is lower than described supply of fuel part in described barrel structure, liquid fuel can be continuously supplied.
(8) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (1) to (7), wherein, described liquid fuel is colored.
(9) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (1) to (8), wherein, usefulness back fuel accumulator tank is connecting an end of described supply of fuel part, and described barrel structure can be used as with back fuel accumulator tank.
(10) a kind of fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit forms by making up dielectric substrate and make up air electrode layer on the fuel electrode body on dielectric substrate, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, wherein, be used for liquid fuel is provided with collection body or valve from the organization of supply that the fuel storage groove is supplied to the supply of fuel part.
(11) as the described fuel cell of front project (10), wherein, described liquid fuel accumulator tank comprises removable barrel structure.
(12) as front project (10) or (11) described fuel cell, wherein, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
(13) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (10) to (12), wherein, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than liquid fuel.
(14) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (10) to (13), wherein, liquid fuel is continuously supplied to the supply of fuel part by passing on body from described barrel structure, and the described body that passes on is made of porous body and/or fibre bundle and has a capillary force.
(15) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (10) to (14), wherein, usefulness back fuel accumulator tank is connecting an end of described supply of fuel part, and described barrel structure can be used as with back fuel accumulator tank.
(16) as the described fuel cell of front project (10), wherein, by pushing described liquid fuel accumulator tank and/or described supply of fuel part, described valve is opened, with the liquid fuel to supply of fuel part supply fixed amount.
(17) as front project (10) or (16) described fuel cell, wherein, described liquid fuel accumulator tank is the barrel structure with valve.
(18) a kind of fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the liquid fuel accumulator tank that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, describedly be provided with the body that passes on that constitutes and have capillary force by porous body and/or fibre bundle with back fuel accumulator tank, with will be with back fuel by passing on body to back fuel accumulator tank discharging, and except being passed on part the floss hole of body process by airtight sealing.
(19) as the described fuel cell of front project (18), wherein, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body and/or fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel, this receives body to contact with the described body that passes on.
(20), wherein, describedly pass on the capillary force of body greater than the capillary force of described supply of fuel part with what back fuel received body as front project (18) or (19) described fuel cell.
(21) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (18) to (20), wherein, the described capillary force of receiving body with back fuel is greater than described capillary force of passing on body.
(22), wherein, be used for describedly receiving the discharging mechanism of body to be provided with collection body with back fuel with back fuel accumulator tank with being discharged into back fuel to be positioned at as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (18) to (21).
(23) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (18) to (22), wherein, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
(24) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (18) to (23), wherein, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than with the back liquid fuel.
(25) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (18) to (24), wherein, described is removable with back fuel accumulator tank.
(26), wherein, but describedly be provided with open-close lid with back fuel accumulator tank as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (18) to (25).
(27) a kind of fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part that is connected with the liquid fuel accumulator tank that is used for storaging liquid fuel and has an infiltration structure is connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, adopted following structure, promptly be provided with the body that passes on that constitutes and have capillary force by porous body and/or fibre bundle, with will be with back fuel by passing on body to back fuel accumulator tank discharging, described with after the fuel accumulator tank be open type.
(28) as the described fuel cell of front project (27), wherein, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body and/or fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel.
(29), wherein, describedly pass on the capillary force of body greater than the capillary force of described supply of fuel part with what back fuel received body as front project (27) or (28) described fuel cell.
(30) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (29), wherein, the described capillary force of receiving body with back fuel is greater than described capillary force of passing on body.
(31), wherein, be used for describedly receiving the discharging mechanism of body to be provided with collection body with back fuel with back fuel accumulator tank with being discharged into the back liquid fuel to be positioned at as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (30).
(32) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (31), wherein, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
(33) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (32), wherein, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than with the back liquid fuel.
(34) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (33), wherein, described is removable with back fuel accumulator tank.
(35), wherein, but describedly be provided with open-close lid with back fuel accumulator tank as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (34).
(36) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (27) to (35), wherein, describedly be provided with minute opening portion with back fuel accumulator tank, described with back fuel accumulator tank inner surface and near the surface free energy the described minute opening portion be controlled as be lower than with after the free energy of liquid fuel.
(37) as front project 1 to (36) arbitrary described fuel cell, wherein, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether (DME), formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
(38) a kind of fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, it is a barrel type fuel reservoir, and connecting fuel cell main body removably, wherein, described barrel type fuel reservoir is provided with the tanks that is used for storaging liquid fuel, be located at the tanks tip and have the liquid fuel discharge portion of unidirectional valve, be located at the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear on the described tanks, the liquid fuel that is stored in the tanks is pushed forward by the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear, with liquid fuel, and discharge the liquid fuel of fixed amount from the liquid fuel discharge portion to liquid fuel discharge portion supply fixed amount.
(39) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (38), wherein, described liquid fuel dipper crowding gear is provided with: be positioned at the rotary manipulation spare of tanks back, it comprises outside cylindrical elements and inserts the inboard cylindrical elements of the outside in the cylindrical elements in non-rotatable mode; Be located at the ratchet mechanism of the outside cylindrical elements elder generation end of rotary manipulation spare, it comprise the ratchet that is formed on the tanks inner surface and with the lock pawl of ratchet engagement; Screw rod in the inboard cylindrical elements of insertion rotary manipulation spare; Be located at the piston of screw rod elder generation end, it inserts in the tanks, thereby can be slided on the tanks inner surface by the front of the outstanding partition of tanks inwall one; Be formed on outer screw section and the negative thread portion engagement that is formed on inboard cylindrical elements front end on the screw rod outer surface, in the jack in the screw rod insertion partition, and can only longitudinally move with respect to inboard cylindrical elements; Outside cylindrical elements rotary manipulation by rotary manipulation spare, screw rod is rotated, thereby move forward by engagement with negative thread portion, and the liquid fuel by the described piston that is connected with the screw rod tip with fixed amount is fed to the liquid fuel discharge portion, and releases the liquid fuel of fixed amount from described liquid fuel discharge portion.
(40) as front project (38) or (39) described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, wherein, tanks has at least one oxygen and isolates resin bed.
(41) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (40), wherein, described oxygen is isolated resin bed and is comprised at least a in the following resin: the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride.
(42) as arbitrary described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell in the front project (38) to (41), wherein, tanks is made for (50) % or above material by light transmittance.
(43), wherein, be that the surface free energy with the contacted tanks wall of liquid fuel is controlled as the free energy that is lower than liquid fuel at least as arbitrary described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell in the front project (38) to (42).
(44) a kind of fuel cell, comprise fuel cell main body and the barrel type fuel reservoir that is being connected fuel cell main body removably, wherein, adopted following structure, be that fuel cell main body is connecting a plurality of battery units, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the outer surface of fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, described battery unit is connecting the supply of fuel part, this supply of fuel part is connecting as arbitrary described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell in the front project (38) to (43), with the supply liquid fuel.
(45) a kind of fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, it is a barrel type fuel reservoir, and connecting fuel cell main body removably, wherein, described barrel type fuel reservoir be provided be used for storaging liquid fuel and have tanks that spent fuel reclaims peristome, be located at the tanks tip and have unidirectional valve the liquid fuel discharge portion, be located at the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear on the described tanks, the liquid fuel that is stored in the tanks is pushed forward by the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear, with the liquid fuel to fuel cell main body discharging fixed amount; The spatial portion that is formed in the tanks by dipper crowding gear is used as the spent fuel accumulator tank, to be recovered in the usefulness back fuel that consumed in the fuel cell main body.
(46) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (45), wherein, described liquid fuel dipper crowding gear is provided with: be positioned at the rotary manipulation spare of tanks back, it comprises outside cylindrical elements and inserts the inboard cylindrical elements of the outside in the cylindrical elements in non-rotatable mode; Be located at the ratchet mechanism of the outside cylindrical elements elder generation end of rotary manipulation spare, it comprise the ratchet that is formed on the tanks inner surface and with the lock pawl of ratchet engagement; Screw rod in the inboard cylindrical elements of insertion rotary manipulation spare; Be located at the piston of screw rod elder generation end, it inserts in the tanks, thereby can be slided on the tanks inner surface by the front of the outstanding partition of tanks inwall one; Be formed on outer screw section and the negative thread portion engagement that is formed on inboard cylindrical elements front end on the screw rod outer surface, in the jack in the screw rod insertion partition, and can only longitudinally move with respect to inboard cylindrical elements; Outside cylindrical elements rotary manipulation by rotary manipulation spare, screw rod is rotated, thereby move forward by engagement with negative thread portion, and the liquid fuel by the described piston that is connected with the screw rod tip with fixed amount is fed to the liquid fuel discharge portion, and releases the liquid fuel of fixed amount from described liquid fuel discharge portion.
(47) as front project (45) or (46) described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, wherein, tanks has at least one oxygen and isolates resin bed.
(48) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (47), wherein, described oxygen is isolated resin bed and is comprised at least a in the following resin: the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride.
(49) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (48), wherein, described oxygen is isolated resin bed and is comprised resin molding, is depositing metal oxide on it; Described metal oxide comprise one of alum clay and silica or they the two; Described resin molding comprises one of following material: PETG, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, their compound.
(50) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (48), wherein, described oxygen is isolated resin bed and is comprised resin molding, is covered with diamond-like-carbon on it; Described resin molding comprises one of following material: PETG, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, their compound.
(51) as arbitrary described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell in the front project (48) to (50), wherein, tanks is made for (50) % or above material by light transmittance.
(52) a kind of fuel cell, comprise fuel cell main body and the barrel type fuel reservoir that is being connected fuel cell main body removably, wherein, described barrel type fuel reservoir be provided be used for storaging liquid fuel and have tanks that spent fuel reclaims peristome, be located at the tanks tip and have unidirectional valve the liquid fuel discharge portion, be located at the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear on the described tanks, the liquid fuel that is stored in the tanks is pushed forward by the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear, with the liquid fuel to fuel cell main body discharging fixed amount; Being recovered in by dipper crowding gear with back fuel of consuming in fuel cell main body is formed on spatial portion in the tanks as in the spent fuel accumulator tank.
(53) as the described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of front project (52), wherein, described fuel cell main body is provided with back fuel accumulator tank, and the described spent fuel that has unidirectional valve that is connecting in the tanks with back fuel accumulator tank reclaims peristome.
(54) a kind of fuel cell, it adopts following structure, be that fuel cell main body is connecting a plurality of battery units, each battery unit is by making up air electrode layer and form making up on the outer surface of fuel electrode body on dielectric substrate and the outer surface at dielectric substrate, described battery unit is connecting the supply of fuel part, this supply of fuel part is connecting as arbitrary described fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell in the front project (45) to (53), with the supply liquid fuel.
(55) a kind of fuel cell, wherein connecting a plurality of battery units, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the outer surface of fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, wherein, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, adopted following structure, promptly connecting described fuel storage groove with back fuel accumulator tank, and be provided to described fuel storage groove with back fuel, and can be used as liquid fuel once more.
(56) as the described fuel cell of front project (55), wherein, described liquid fuel accumulator tank is provided with the concentration sensor of tracer liquid fuel concentration.
(57) as front project (55) or (56) described fuel cell, wherein, one passes on body is arranged on described with in the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the described fuel storage groove.
(58) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (54) to (56), wherein, one passes on body is arranged on describedly with in the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the described fuel storage groove, in addition, also is provided with a collection body.
(59) as arbitrary described fuel cell in the front project (55) to (58), wherein, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
(60) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (55) to (59), wherein, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than with the back liquid fuel.
(61) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (55) to (60), wherein described with back fuel accumulator tank and/or described fuel storage groove, or with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, be removable.
(62) as the arbitrary described fuel cell of front project (55) to (61), wherein described with back fuel accumulator tank and/or described fuel storage groove, or with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, but be provided with open-close lid.
Effect of the present invention
According to first to the 5th aspect of the present invention, such fuel cell is provided, wherein liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit continuously, and the size of battery can reduce.
At these inventive aspects, can easily change by the fuel storage groove that removable barrel structure constitutes.
In a first aspect of the present invention, by using being connected of back fuel accumulator tank and supply of fuel part one end, and with the barrel structure as the fuel storage groove, can easily dispose the fuel after using, and liquid fuel is can be from the fuel storage groove stable and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit continuously, and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, even when fuel cell is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down.
Liquid fuel in being filled in the barrel structure is supplied in the fuel cell of supply of fuel part, the liquid fuel that is filled in the barrel structure is fed to the supply of fuel part by the liquid fuel conduit, this liquid fuel conduit is to make by having visual transparent or semitransparent resin, and wherein on the face that the liquid fuel exclusion layer is formed at least with liquid fuel contacts, one be used for can vision-based detection from the sign that exhausts of the liquid fuel of aforementioned barrel structure supply, with by being formed on the viewable portion observation liquid fuel conduit in the barrel structure, thus can by visual and easily tracer liquid fuel exhaust sign.
In addition, if the surface free energy on the surface of collection body is controlled as the value that is higher than liquid fuel, then liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit continuously.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a kind of fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell is provided, wherein liquid fuel can be by efficient provision quantitatively to battery, and do not need to provide pump, electromagnetically operated valve, be used for control device, discharge capacity transducer of controlling liquid fuel discharge amount etc., thereby can reduce the size of fuel cell; In addition, also provide corresponding fuel cell.
According to a seventh aspect of the invention, a kind of fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell is provided, wherein liquid fuel can be by efficient provision quantitatively to battery, and do not need to provide pump, electromagnetically operated valve, be used for control device, discharge capacity transducer of controlling liquid fuel discharge amount etc., and with after fuel can easily reclaim automatically, and do not need to provide independent with back fuel accumulator tank; In addition, also provide corresponding fuel cell.
According to an eighth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of fuel cell, wherein liquid fuel can directly be fed to fuel electrode with being stabilized, can easily reuse with the back spent fuel, and the size of battery can reduce.
In addition, provide a kind of fuel cell, wherein by arranging the concentration sensor of liquid fuel, the user finds exhausting of fuel easily.
In addition, a kind of fuel cell is provided, wherein pass on body and collection body having arranged with the connecting portion office between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, therefore can stably liquid fuel directly be fed to fuel electrode and reuse easily and use back fuel, and battery has excellent usability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of first aspect present invention, (b) is the oblique view of cell of fuel cell, (c) is vertical broken away view of cell of fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the remodeling example of first execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Fig. 3 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in second execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Fig. 4 is the signal oblique view of example of the detector tube of the use in second execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Fig. 5 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 3rd execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Fig. 6 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 4th execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Fig. 7 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of second aspect present invention, (b) is the oblique view of cell of fuel cell, (c) is vertical broken away view of cell of fuel cell.
Fig. 8 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the remodeling example of first execution mode of second aspect present invention.
Fig. 9 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in second execution mode of second aspect present invention.
Figure 10 is the vertical diagrammatic cross-section fragmentary that shows the fuel cell in the 3rd execution mode of second aspect present invention.
Figure 11 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of third aspect present invention, (b) is the part signal longitudinal sectional view of the major part of cell of fuel cell.
Figure 12 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in second execution mode of third aspect present invention, (b) is the local oblique view of cell of fuel cell, is the vertical broken away view and the oblique view of cell of fuel cell (c) and (d).
Figure 13 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 3rd execution mode of third aspect present invention.
Figure 14 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 4th execution mode of third aspect present invention.
Figure 15 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of fourth aspect present invention, (b) is the oblique view of cell of fuel cell, (c) is vertical broken away view of cell of fuel cell.
Figure 16 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in second execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
Figure 17 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 3rd execution mode of fourth aspect present invention, (b) be the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 4th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention, (c) be the partial sectional view of the mounting structure of battery unit.
Figure 18 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 5th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
Figure 19 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 6th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention, (b) is the schematic sectional view with another execution mode of back fuel accumulator tank.
Figure 20 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 7th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
Figure 21 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of fifth aspect present invention, (b) be the oblique view of cell of fuel cell, (c) be vertical broken away view of cell of fuel cell, (d) being the oblique view of using the Unclosing structure of back fuel accumulator tank, (e) is the longitudinal sectional view with the Unclosing structure of back fuel accumulator tank.
Figure 22 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in second execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
Figure 23 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 3rd execution mode of fifth aspect present invention, (b) be the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 4th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention, (c) be the partial sectional view of the mounting structure of battery unit.
Figure 24 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 5th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
Figure 25 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 6th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention, (b) is the schematic sectional view with another execution mode of back fuel accumulator tank.
Figure 26 (a) is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel cell in the 7th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention, (b) is the schematic sectional view with another execution mode of back fuel accumulator tank.
Figure 27 has shown the fuel cell in the 8th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention and has been contained in the body that receives in the fuel accumulator tank of back that wherein (a) is oblique view, (b) is vertical view, (c) is front view.
Figure 28 is the vertical schematic sectional view that shows the fuel reservoir in first execution mode of sixth aspect present invention.
Figure 29 is the partial, exploded perspective view of Figure 28.
The longitudinal sectional view of the state the when liquid fuel that Figure 30 shows the mode of operation of the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell among Figure 28 and fixed amount is fed to the liquid fuel discharge unit.
Figure 31 is the schematic sectional view of an example that shows the fuel cell execution mode of sixth aspect present invention, and the fuel reservoir that has shown fuel cell of the present invention is installed in the state on the fuel battery main body.
Figure 32 (a) and (b) be the oblique view and the longitudinal sectional view of the battery unit of fuel cell.
Figure 33 is the partial top view that shows the fuel reservoir of the fuel cell in second execution mode of sixth aspect present invention.
Figure 34 (a) and (b) show another execution mode of the unidirectional valve that is located in the liquid fuel discharge unit, wherein (a) is the longitudinal sectional view of closed check valve state, (b) is the longitudinal sectional view of one-way valve opens state.
Figure 35 (a) is the signal longitudinal sectional view that shows the fuel reservoir of the fuel cell in first execution mode of seventh aspect present invention, (b) is the longitudinal sectional view that spent fuel reclaims peristome.
Figure 36 is the partial, exploded perspective view of Figure 35.
The longitudinal sectional view of the state the when liquid fuel that Figure 37 shows the mode of operation of fuel reservoir of the fuel cell among Figure 35 and fixed amount is fed to the liquid fuel discharge unit.
Figure 38 is the schematic sectional view of an example that shows the fuel cell execution mode of seventh aspect present invention, and the fuel reservoir that has shown fuel cell of the present invention is installed in the state on the fuel battery main body.
Figure 39 is the vertical schematic diagram that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of eighth aspect present invention.
Figure 40 (a) is the oblique view of the battery unit in the fuel cell that is used among Figure 39, (b) is its local vertically cutaway view.
Figure 41 is the longitudinal sectional view that shows the fuel cell in second execution mode of eighth aspect present invention.
Figure 42 is the oblique view that shows the fuel cell in first execution mode of eighth aspect present invention.
Figure 43 (a) is the oblique view of the battery unit in the fuel cell that is used among Figure 42, (b) is its local longitudinal sectional view.
Description of reference numerals:
A: fuel cell
10: fuel storage groove (jar)
10a: pass on body
20: battery unit
30: the supply of fuel part
40: with back fuel accumulator tank (jar)
Embodiment
Explain the execution mode of first aspect present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
Fig. 1 (a) to (c) shows the fundamental mode (first execution mode) of fuel cell A, has shown the basic embodiment of first aspect present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1 (a) to (c), described fuel cell A is provided with: fuel storage groove 10, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel; Battery unit (cell of fuel cell) 20,20, they each be respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 23 and make up air electrode layer 24 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 21 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous (carbonaceous) porous body (material) on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23; Supply of fuel part 30, it is connecting described fuel storage groove 10 and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 40, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 30; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 20,20 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 30.
In the present embodiment, liquid fuel is received by being placed in receiving among the body 10a that sliver (sliver) in the fuel storage groove 10, porous body or fibre bundle constitute.
Receive the liquid fuel among the body 10a that receives to comprise the first alcohol and water, but liquid fuel is not confined to this especially, but so long as the compound that can be supplied to by acting as a fuel in the hereinafter described fuel electrode body obtain hydrogen ion (H efficiently at fuel storage groove 10 +) and electronics (e -) get final product.For example, also can use liquid fuel for example dimethyl ether (DME), ethanolic solution, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution, will depend on the structure of fuel electrode body certainly.
Have structure that the aforesaid liquid fuel of variable concentrations can fuel cell and characteristic and be used, and can working concentration be 1 to 100% liquid fuel for example.
The described body 10a that receives has no particular limits, as long as it can receive liquid fuel, and it can for example comprise by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.If necessary, according to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Above-described fuel storage groove 10 has no particular limits, as long as it has durability, at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, gas impermeability (at the gas impermeability of oxygen, nitrogen etc.), and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass.
In addition, the fuel storage groove preferably has light transmission, thereby can the remaining liquid fuel amount of visual observation.About make can visual observation remaining liq fuel quantity light transmission, if light transmittance be 50% or more than, though then its material and thickness how can both visual observation to contents.More preferably, if light transmittance be 80% or more than, then do not have any problem in actual use, and the visual of liquid fuel improves further.
In order to prevent that liquid fuel from leaking and gasification, and prevent that air from entering fuel reservoir, it is preferably made by the non-permeability material of gas, and more preferably, if its OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, then do not have any problem in actual use.
Fuel storage groove 10 is without any special restriction, as long as it has above characteristic, and it preferably has at the storage stability, durability and the light transmission that store liquid fuel within it.As example, it comprises metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, and synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass.
About the used material of fuel storage groove 10, preferable material comprises that (if not requiring photopermeability) is such as metals such as aluminium and stainless steels, synthetic resin, glass, and consider the visuality of remaining liq fuel quantity, the non-permeability of gas, cost in making and assembling reduces, the easness of making, it preferably includes single-layer resin structure or two or more multi-layered sandwich construction, described layer comprises single a kind of in the following resin or two or multiple: the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, more preferably, in above-mentioned resin, if its OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, and its light transmittance be 50% or more than, particularly 80% or more than, then preferably selected.
Particularly preferably, transmitance and light transmittance are not 80% or above ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride can to adopt the oxygen with above-mentioned characteristic.
Fuel storage groove 10 preferably includes two or more multi-layered sandwich construction, and comprise such two or more multi-layered sandwich construction ideally, wherein one deck is made by the material that comprises in the aforementioned resin group at least, and has non-permeability of gas and the light transmission of describing in front respectively.If the one deck at least in the sandwich construction is made by the resin with aforementioned properties (gas-premeable), remaining layer can be made by ordinary resin, like this, can not have problems in actual use.This sandwich construction can be made by extrusion molding, injection moulding, co-extrusion modling etc.
In addition, replacing by above-mentioned forming method as need provides at least one gas the non-layer that sees through, and also can provide gas the non-layer that sees through by the solution that applies the resin of selecting from aforementioned resin groups.In this painting method, compare such as forming manufacturing equipments such as extrusion molding, injection mouldings with above-described, no longer need special manufacturing equipment, and can make step by step.
The non-thickness that sees through layer of gas that provides by aforementioned each forming method and painting method is preferably 10 to 2000 μ m.If thickness then can not obtain the gas impermeability less than 10 μ m.On the other hand, if thickness surpasses 2000 μ m, the performance of then whole accumulator tank part for example light transmission is impaired with flexible meeting.
In addition, replacing by above-mentioned moulding or painting method as need provides gas the non-layer that sees through, also can by cover non-permeability thin-film component for example the non-permeability film of gas provide.The non-permeability thin-film component that covers preferably includes at least a by what select in following one group: metal forming is aluminium foil for example, and metal oxide is the deposit of alum clay and silica for example, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating material.As previously mentioned, the gas impermeability can cover described non-permeability thin-film component by the outer surface at fuel storage groove 10 provides.The thickness of described non-permeability thin-film component is preferably 10 to 2000 μ m, situation about describing as the front.If non-permeability thin-film component is not have a visual element, aluminium foil for example, then the non-permeability of gas can be not impaired degree on, the part of fuel storage groove is not by its covering, and coated one-tenth clathrate or strip, so that the detection window part to be provided.The non-permeability film of gas with light transmission can be coated on the described detection window part, to guarantee non-permeability of gas and visuality.
Previously described each battery unit 20 as battery unit has fuel electrode body 21, it comprises meticulous porous carbon column, the middle body of fuel electrode body has the breakthrough part 22 that is passed by supply of fuel part 30, and battery unit has such structure, be that dielectric substrate 23 is structured on the outer surface of described fuel electrode body 21, and air electrode layer 24 is structured on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23.The electromotive force that each battery unit 20 of fuel cell produces is the about 1.2V of each battery unit in theory.
The meticulous porous carbon column that constitutes described fuel electrode body 21 can be any type of, as long as it is the loose structure with meticulous intercommunicating pore, and it comprises the carbon composite shaped body that for example has three-dimensional net structure or point-like sintering structure and be made of amorphous carbon and powdered carbon, isotropism high density carbon forming materials body, carbon fiber system paper formed body, the active carbon forming body.Consider the reaction in the fuel electrode of easy control fuel cell, and further improve reaction efficiency that the carbon composite shaped body that comprises amorphous carbon and powdered carbon and have a meticulous intercommunicating pore is preferably adopted.
Being used to produce described powdered carbon with carbon complex of loose structure is preferably and is selected from following one group at least a (separately or two or more kinds of combinations): highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), kish, native graphite, electrographite, carbon nano-tube, fullerene (Fullerene).
Platinum ruthenium (Pt-Ru) catalyst, iridium ruthenium (Ir-Ru) catalyst and platinum tin (Pt-Sn) catalyst are formed on the outer surface of fuel electrode body 21 by following method, promptly utilize and contain above-mentioned metal ion or metal fine granular precursor for example the solution of metal complex infiltrates or impregnation process, reduce the method for handling then, also can utilize the electro-deposition method of metal fine granular.
Dielectric substrate 23 comprises having proton-conducting and the conductive amberplex of hydroxyl ion, for example based on the amberplex of fluorine, comprise Nafion (E.I.Du Pont Company's manufacturing), in addition, also comprise thermal endurance, the film that the methanol crossover inhibition is good, for example comprise as the inorganic compound of proton-conducting material with as the composite membrane of the polymer of membrane material, particularly with zeolite as inorganic compound, with the composite membrane of butylbenzene class rubber as polymer, and hydrocarbon graft copolymer membrane.
Air electrode layer 24 comprises the porous carbon plastid, and by following method carrying platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), this method is used the solution of the fine granular precursor that contains above-mentioned metal, and air electrode layer has loose structure on it.
Described supply of fuel part 30 has no particular limits, as long as connecting, it is used for receiving receiving body 10a and having the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 20 of the liquid fuel that is contained in fuel storage groove 10, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.In this case, if directly use back fuel directly to receive in the end of contact supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40, then do not have any problem, and shown in Fig. 2 (the remodeling example of Fig. 1), with supply of fuel part 30 contacted parts, constitute by sliver, porous body or fibre bundle and to pass on body (relaying core) 40a, to form with the back fuel discharge passage.
Be used to the reaction in the battery unit 20 of fuel cell by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 50 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel storage groove 10 with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the permission liquid fuel is fed to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 by supply of fuel part 30 reliably.
In the present embodiment among the fuel cell A that so constitutes, receive receiving under the effect of infiltration structure in capillary force of liquid fuel among the body 10a of fuel storage groove 10 to be introduced in the battery unit 20,20 of fuel cell by fuel electrode body 21 or supply of fuel part 30.In this case, can be provided with receive body 10a material identical pass on body (relaying core) 10b, as shown in Figure 2, the parts that link to each other with fuel electrode body 21 or supply of fuel part 30 as fuel storage groove 10.By the above-mentioned body 10b that passes on is set, can prevents that liquid fuel excessively is fed to battery unit 20, and pass on the capillary force of body 10b, supply that can controlling liquid fuel by control.
In the present embodiment, fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a), fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, and be set to the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (pass on body 40a), as Fig. 1 (a) or shown in Figure 2, capillary force＜fuel electrode the body 21 of fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a) and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, even when fuel cell A is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down.Preferably, described capillary force be configured to fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a) capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜, can obtain the steady flow of liquid fuel thus with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (pass on body 40a).
In addition, to pass on body 10b when being arranged in the fuel storage groove 10, as shown in Figure 2, the capillary force of body 10b of passing on is set at least, capillary force＜fuel electrode the body 21 of fuel storage groove 10 (receive body 10a and pass on body 10b) and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, prevent thus with after liquid fuel be back to the fuel storage groove.Preferably, each capillary force is set to, receive the capillary force of body 10a＜pass on body 10b capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a, thus, liquid fuel can produce stable flowing, no matter and the configuration of fuel cell (upper and lower or horizontal setting) how.
In addition, the fuel cell A of present embodiment can adopt such structure, and wherein liquid fuel can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.And do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
In addition, fuel electrode body 21 with infiltration structure directly and/or be connected the end of fuel storage groove 10 indirectly by the supply of fuel part 30 with 21 contacts of fuel electrode body, with to each cell of fuel cell 20,20 fuel supplying, can reduce to comprise the size of the fuel cell of a plurality of battery units thus.
Fig. 3 shows the fuel cell B of second execution mode of first aspect present invention.Second execution mode below and more in the execution mode of back, the parts that structure is identical and effect is identical among the fuel cell A of those of fuel cell and previously described first execution mode with Fig. 1 in identical Reference numeral represent, and omit explanation to them.
As shown in Figure 3, the difference of the fuel cell A in described fuel cell B and previously described first execution mode only is that the detector tube 10c that exhausts that is used for liquid fuel is located at fuel storage groove 10.
Exhaust detector tube 10c about what be used for liquid fuel, in using first execution mode be used for liquid fuel receive body 10a the time, receiving of liquid fuel is sightless, therefore the user is can not tracer liquid fuel depleted or be in the average level of consumption, the shortcoming of the power failure that therefore may occur happening suddenly.In order to prevent this situation, the detector tube 10c that exhausts that is located at the liquid fuel guide body 10d that receives among the body 10a and passes between the body 10b is the liquid fuel conduit, it forms by having visual transparent or semitransparent material, and flowed through by liquid fuel, thereby for fuel cell provides a structure, wherein as shown in Figure 3, the bottom of liquid fuel guide body 10d and pass on the top of body 10b and insert and to exhaust among the detector tube 10c.This transparent or semitransparent visible section 10e visual observation that makes it possible to see through fuel storage groove 10 exhausts detector tube 10c and whether lacks liquid fuel, can vision-based detection receive the liquid fuel among the body 10a to lack thus.
Described liquid fuel guide body 10d by with pass on body 10b identical materials and make.A plurality of body 10a that receive are located in the fuel storage groove 10, and the described detector tube that exhausts is located at corresponding liquid fuel discharge portion office of receiving body 10a... respectively, can detect thus and respectively receive the liquid fuel that occurs in the body to exhaust.
The described material that exhausts detector tube 10c has no particular limits, as long as it has at stored liquid fuel storage stability, durability and light transmission, and comprise for example for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG of glass and synthetic resin of inorganic material.Synthetic resin for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG is preferred especially, and its can adopt traditional forming technique for example injection moulding and extrusion molding make, can also utilize light chisel (stereo1ithography) technology to form complicated shape.
The important point is, the surface free energy that exhausts the part that contacts with liquid fuel (inwall) of detector tube 10c is configured to be lower than the free energy of liquid fuel, and this makes to reduce and exhausts detector tube 10c by the wetting wetability of liquid fuel.After liquid fuel within exhausted, liquid fuel was absorbed in fuel electrode body 21 or the supply of fuel part 30 immediately, and liquid fuel is not present in and exhausts among the detector tube 10c, so exhausting of liquid fuel can detect.Usually, the surface free energy that exhausts detector tube 10c can be controlled by utilizing surface modifier to handle, and described surface modifier can be the silicon resin coating that for example comprises as the dimethyl siloxane of skeleton, fluoro-containing coating, and fluorine resin coating.
Therefore whether in addition, the liquid fuel of Shi Yonging is transparent under many circumstances, exhaust detector tube 10c and also be difficult to tracer liquid fuel and exhaust even use in some cases.Under these circumstances, on the inwall that exhausts detector tube 10c, provide trickle degree of irregularity (concaveconvex structure) by utilizing file or laser processing, exhaust detector tube 10c thus and can present such state, wherein, exhaust detector tube 10c under the situation of liquid fuel and look it is transparent existing, look and blur and liquid fuel within exhausts detector tube 10c after exhausting.In addition, exhaust detector tube 10c and be provided with indicating section 10f, its by means of described small irregular structure by character or pattern for example " the using " among Fig. 4 indicate and exhaust, show by intelligible mode thus to exhaust.
In addition, can dye to liquid fuel with dyestuff, like this, the liquid fuel that exhausts among the detector tube 10c exhausts and can represent by the form and aspect variation.In this case, dyestuff and/or pigment can be used as colouring agent, and it is without any restriction, as long as can dissolve and be dispersed in the liquid fuel and to the not influence of generation of electric energy.For example, during liquid fuel within material methanol solution, the colouring agent that can adopt comprises by C.I.Solvent Yellow 61 is dissolved in the colouring agent for preparing in water or the methyl alcohol as colouring agent, or by use butyral resin or styrene acrylic resin with pigment for example phthalocyanine be dispersed in the distribution liquid for preparing in methyl alcohol or the water.
In addition, when use exhausts detector tube, the rank that exhausts the capillary force of detector tube 10c should be lower than receives the body 10a (comprising guide body 10d) and any one capillary force of body 10b of passing on, and can show exhausting of the liquid fuel that receives among the body 10a thus without delay.Except the situation that is subjected to thump, the liquid fuel that exhausts among the detector tube 10c can not be cut off, therefore in actual use can be without interruption without a doubt.
Fig. 5 shows the fuel cell C of the 3rd execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Difference between the fuel cell A in fuel cell C in the present embodiment and aforementioned first execution mode is that the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopts the form of replaceable barrel structure.
As shown in Figure 5, this barrel type liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 is such structures, it is installed in the supporting member 70, and comprises that cylindrical body portion 63, this body have maintaining part 61 that is used for forwardly keeping passing on body 10b and the cartridge part 62 that is securely fixed in the rear end.Formed such structure thus, i.e. infiltration has the body 10a that receives of liquid fuel to be contained in the body 63, and passes on body 10b and connecting and receive body 10a.Be connected the supply of fuel part 30 of dressing in supporting member 70 with the body 10b that passes on that receives body 10a to link to each other in this barrel type liquid fuel accumulator tank 60.Although not shown, can adopt such structure, wherein the tip of supply of fuel part 30 (direction of arrow among Fig. 5) is connecting a battery unit 20 of fuel cell, and is the same with aforementioned first execution mode.
In above-mentioned fuel cell C, receive the liquid fuel in body 10a of infiltration in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 that adopts the barrel structure is supplied to combustion row delivery member 30, and after receiving liquid fuel among the body 10a to be consumed and exhaust in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 of barrel structure adopted in infiltration, liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 was because of having the replacing easily of barrel structure.
Liquid fuel preferably is fed to supply of fuel part 30 from described liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 continuously, the same with the situation in aforementioned first execution mode, preferably pass on body 10b supply by having than what the porous body that receives the big capillary force of body 10a and/or fibre bundle constituted by aforementioned.In this case, fuel can be by without interruption, even be placed in barrel structure 60 under the situation of the position that is lower than supply of fuel part 30.
Fig. 6 shows the fuel cell D of the 4th execution mode of first aspect present invention.
Difference between the fuel cell C in fuel cell D in the present embodiment and aforementioned the 3rd execution mode is, liquid fuel exhaust sign can be easily on the liquid fuel accumulator tank that adopts replaceable barrel structure by visual observation, and it has and identical effect and the effect of fuel cell B in second execution mode.
In described fuel cell D, the liquid fuel (have coloring agent produce painted) of infiltration in barrel structure 60a is fed to supply of fuel part 30 by the liquid fuel conduit 64 and the body 10b that passes on, the liquid fuel conduit forms by having visual transparent or semitransparent material, and wherein by surface modifier with on the surface that the liquid fuel exclusion layer is formed at least with liquid fuel contacts, by being formed on the transparent or semitransparent part 65 on the barrel structure 60, can the described liquid fuel conduit 64 of visual observation, thereby detect the sign that exhausts, detect easily thus and exhaust by the liquid fuel of barrel structure 60a supply.
Although do not illustrate in the drawings, can adopt such structure, wherein the tip of supply of fuel part 30 (direction of arrow among Fig. 6) is connecting a battery unit 20 of fuel cell, and is the same with aforementioned the 3rd execution mode.In the present embodiment, preferably adopt supporting member 70 and transparent or semitransparent structure, to guarantee to observe the sign that exhausts of liquid fuel with visuality.
The fuel cell of first aspect present invention is not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
For example, the battery unit 20 of fuel cell has adopted cylinder form, but they also can have other shape, and is for example prismatic and tubular.They both can parallel connection also can be contacted and connect supply of fuel part 30.
In addition, the part of the fuel cell structure in each execution mode of front can be changed and be used mutually.For example, being used in the fuel storage groove of the replaceable barrel structure 60 in described the 3rd execution mode or the 4th execution mode discerned the barrel structure 60a that exhausts sign easily and can be mounted, to replace the liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 of aforementioned first execution mode.
In addition, the barrel structure 60 in described the 3rd execution mode is used effect after-burning material holder 40 in the end of the supply of fuel part 30 of described first execution mode, can easily change the fuel storage groove of using.
In addition, the barrel structure in each execution mode of front is used as the fuel storage groove, and is refilled carefully by means of suitable method with back fuel accumulator tank, can repeatedly be used as the fuel storage groove thus.
Fig. 7 (a) to (c) is the schematic diagram of the basic embodiment (first execution mode) of the fuel cell E of second aspect present invention, and Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the remodeling of this first execution mode.
Shown in Fig. 7 (a) to (c), fuel cell E is provided with: fuel storage groove 10, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel; Battery unit (cell of fuel cell) 20,20, they each be respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 23 and make up air electrode layer 24 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 21 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23; Supply of fuel part 30, it is connecting described fuel storage groove 10 and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 40, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 30; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 20,20 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 30.
In the present embodiment, liquid fuel is directly stored shown in Fig. 7 (a), and supply of fuel part 30 is located at the bottom of the fuel storage groove 10 that is used for storaging liquid fuel.Collection body 11 is provided with in the mode around described supply of fuel part 30, and fuel is by 30 supplies of supply of fuel part.
Shown in Fig. 8 (the remodeling example of Fig. 7), can obtain such structure, body (relaying core) 10a that wherein passes on is located at the bottom of fuel storage groove 10, collection body 11 to be arranging around passing on the mode of body 10a, with by pass on body 10a with pass on supply of fuel part 30 fuel supplying that body 10a links to each other with described.
The described body 10a that receives has no particular limits, as long as it is by sliver, porous body or fibre bundle constitute and have the infiltration structure and get final product, and it can for example comprise by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is provided with aptly.
Collection body 11 have with direct-liquid type (free ink) writing implement in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the fuel storage groove 10 liquid fuel because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel overflow that causes because of factors such as expansions is maintained between collection part 11a, the 11a... in the collection body 11, and returns fuel storage groove 10 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.
The material of collection body 11 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, and synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example.Synthetic resin for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG is preferred especially, and its can adopt traditional forming technique for example injection moulding and extrusion molding make, can also utilize the light chisel technology to form complicated shape.In addition, stand individual layer spare that extrusion operation obtains by stacked by the film that makes described synthetic resin, the collection body that is made of individual layer spare can replace aforementioned collection part 11a.
The important point is, the surface free energy of collection body 11 is arranged to be higher than the surface energy of liquid fuel, and this has strengthened collection body by the wetting wetability of liquid fuel, to improve the ability that keeps liquid fuel.The surface free energy of collection body can be controlled by plasma treatment, ozone treatment, surface modifier processing etc. usually.
The material of above-described fuel storage groove 10 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, light transmission, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass; And the fuel storage groove can adopt the structure identical with described first aspect present invention, therefore its description is omitted.
In addition, each fuel unit 20 can adopt the structure identical with described first aspect present invention, therefore its description is omitted.
Described supply of fuel part 30 has no particular limits, as long as it can insert the fuel storage groove 10 that is storing liquid fuel and have the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 20, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is provided with aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.By porous body or fibre bundle being used for of constituting receive with back fuel to receive body to be contained in described with back fuel accumulator tank 40 and connecting the end of supply of fuel part 30.As shown in Figure 8, the supply of fuel part can by pass on body 40a connecting in back fuel accumulator tank 40, receive with back fuel receive body by what porous body or fibre bundle constituted, described pass on body and be positioned at supply of fuel part 30 ends pass on body 10a homogeneity.
Be used to reaction in the battery unit 20 by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 50 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel storage groove 10 with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the permission liquid fuel is fed to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 by supply of fuel part 30 reliably from fuel storage groove 10.
In the present embodiment among the fuel cell E that so constitutes, receive the infiltration structure of liquid fuel by fuel electrode body 21 or supply of fuel part 30 in fuel storage groove 10 under the effect of capillary force, to be introduced in the battery unit 20,20.
In the present embodiment, fuel storage groove 10 (pass on body 10a), fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, and be set at least with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (pass on body 40a), capillary force＜fuel electrode the body 21 of fuel storage groove 10 (pass on body 10a) and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, even when fuel cell E is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down.Preferably, described capillary force be configured to fuel storage groove 10 (pass on body 10a) capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (pass on body 40a), can stablize thus and obtain continuously liquid fuel respectively from fuel storage groove 10 and each battery unit 20,20 to the flowing of back fuel accumulator tank, and can not cause liquid fuel adverse current or disturbance.
In addition, the fuel cell E of present embodiment can adopt such structure, and wherein liquid fuel can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.And do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
In addition, the supply of fuel part 30 that is directly connecting the end of fuel storage groove 10 and having an infiltration structure is connected to each cell of fuel cell 20,20 fuel supplying, can reduce to comprise the size of the fuel cell of a plurality of battery units thus.
In addition, shown the example when two battery units 20 are used in the present embodiment, yet, connect the purposes that the quantity of the battery unit 20 of (serial or parallel connection) can fuel cell and increase, to obtain the electromotive force of expection.
Therefore, fuel cell E in the present embodiment can change the barrel type into, and therefore provides a kind of undersized direct methanol fuel cell, and it can be as the power supply such as portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computers.
Fig. 9 shows the fuel cell F of second execution mode of second aspect present invention.In the execution mode below, the parts that structure is identical and effect is identical among the fuel cell E of those of fuel cell and previously described first execution mode with Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 in identical Reference numeral represent, and omit explanation to them.
As shown in Figure 9, the difference of the fuel cell in described fuel cell F and previously described first execution mode only is that the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopts the form of replaceable barrel structure.
As shown in Figure 9, this barrel type liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 is such structures, it is installed in the supporting member 70, and comprise cylindrical body portion 64, this body has tip maintaining part 61, it is keeping having and is passing on the collection body 11 of body 10a, is positioned at the maintenance body 62 of first end, and the cartridge part 63 that is securely fixed in the rear end.Liquid fuel is stored in the described body 64, and the body 10a that passes on inserts in the body.The body 10a that passes in this barrel type liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 connects the first end 30a of the supply of fuel part 30 of dressing in supporting member 70.Although not shown, can adopt such structure, wherein the tip of supply of fuel part 30 (direction of arrow among Fig. 9) is connecting battery unit 20,20..., and is the same with aforementioned first execution mode.
In the fuel cell F of second execution mode, what the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopted is the fuel storage groove 60 of barrel type, therefore under the situation that fuel cell main body is fixed it is changed easily.By the body 10a that passes in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 is contacted with supply of fuel part 30, just energy discharge liquid fuel is so that fuel battery operation.Therefore, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping (termination) and using is carried out easily, and liquid fuel can be stablized and supply continuously.
In addition, the fuel storage groove 60 of present embodiment is the barrel type, therefore can be used as with back fuel accumulator tank to be used again.Be replaced by and be located at by the body 10a that passes on that will be located in the described fuel storage groove 60 with the body that passes on that body 10a has identical capillary force that passes in the back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the fuel storage groove in this example is installed in an end of supply of fuel part 30, just can be used as back fuel accumulator tank.
Figure 10 shows the fuel cell G of the 3rd execution mode of second aspect present invention.
Difference between the fuel cell F in fuel cell G in the present embodiment and aforementioned second execution mode is, the collection body 15 of its collection body for constituting by stacked individual layer spare, this individual layer spare is tabular and extends, and in addition, the structure of barrel type fuel storage groove is also slightly different.This battery has identical effect and effect with the fuel cell B of aforementioned second execution mode.
Described collection body 15 works in the mode identical with collection body 11 in the aforementioned embodiments.A plurality of protuberances are formed on the surface of each individual layer spare 16,16... with suitable interval, adjacent monolayer part 16 is almost settled abreast with the interval of expection, protuberance on the adjacent monolayer part is overlapped, thus, be used to keep the space of overflow liquid fuel to be formed, all individual layer spares that produce these spaces contact with the pipeline of body 10a of passing on that is provided with that fuel for liquid flows through.
As shown in figure 10, what the fuel storage groove 80 of barrel type adopted is such structure, it is installed on the supporting member 70, and be made of cylindrical body 84, described body is provided with tip keeper 81, and it is formerly keeping passing on body 10a in the end, cartridge part 82, it is securely fixed in rearward end, and jar portion 83, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel.The body 10a that passes in the described barrel type fuel storage groove 80 is connecting the supply of fuel part 30 that is installed in the supporting member 70.Although not shown, can adopt such structure, wherein the tip of supply of fuel part 30 (direction of arrow among Figure 10) is connecting battery unit 20,20..., and is the same with aforementioned first execution mode.
In the fuel cell G of like this 3rd execution mode of the second aspect present invention of structure, what the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopted is the fuel storage groove 80 of barrel type, it is provided with collection body 15, this collection body works in the mode identical with previously described fuel cell E, be that collection body is made of the stacked individual layer spare that is the tabular extension, therefore under the situation that fuel cell main body is fixed, it changed with postcombustion easily.By the body 10a that passes in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 80 is contacted with supply of fuel part 30, just can discharge liquid fuel.Therefore, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping (termination) and using is carried out easily, and liquid fuel can be stablized and supply continuously.The liquid fuel accumulator tank 80 of present embodiment can be used effect after-burning material accumulator tank again, and is such in second execution mode as described above.
The fuel cell of second aspect present invention is not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
For example, battery unit 20 has adopted cylinder form, but they also can have other shape, and is for example prismatic and tubular.They both can parallel connection also can be contacted and connect supply of fuel part 30.
In addition, the part of the fuel cell structure in each execution mode of front can be changed and be used mutually.For example, the liquid fuel accumulator tank can have such structure, be that the fuel storage groove of the replaceable barrel structure 60 in described second execution mode or the barrel type fuel storage groove 80 in the 3rd execution mode can be mounted, to replace the liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 of aforementioned first execution mode.
In addition, the barrel structure in each execution mode of front is used as the fuel storage groove, and is refilled carefully by means of suitable method with back fuel accumulator tank, can repeatedly be used as the fuel storage groove thus.
Figure 11 (a) and (b) be the schematic diagram of the basic embodiment (first execution mode) of the fuel cell H of third aspect present invention.The parts identical with structure in the fuel cell of previously described first aspect present invention represent with identical Reference numeral, and omit the explanation to them.
As Figure 11 (a) with (b), fuel cell H is provided with: fuel storage groove 10, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel f; Battery unit (cell of fuel cell) 20,20, they each be respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 23 and make up air electrode layer 24 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 21 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23; Supply of fuel part 30, it is connecting described fuel storage groove 10 and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 40, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 30; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 20,20 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 30.
Be used as the liquid fuel f that is stored in the fuel storage groove 10 with used identical fuel in the previously described first aspect present invention, therefore omit explanation it.
In the present embodiment, liquid fuel is directly stored, and shown in Figure 11 (a), and is provided with the second fuel storage groove 15 in the bottom of fuel storage groove 10, is used for the storaging liquid fuel by valve member 12.Receive the porous body or the fibre bundle of liquid fuel to be placed in the second fuel storage groove 15, supply of fuel part 30 connecting by described be contained in that porous body in the second fuel storage groove 15 or fibre bundle constitute receive body 15a, with fuel supplying.
The described body 15a that receives has no particular limits, as long as it has the infiltration structure, and it can for example comprise by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.If necessary, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Valve member 12 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the fuel storage groove 10 liquid fuel because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein excessive liquid fuel remains in the second fuel storage groove 15 that has valve member 12, and ccontaining porous body or fibre bundle can prevent excessive fuel discharge temporarily in the second fuel storage groove 15.
The material of described valve member has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, and synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example.Synthetic resin for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG is preferred especially, and it can adopt traditional forming technique, and for example injection moulding and extrusion molding are made.
The material of fuel storage groove 10 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass.Owing to, therefore omit detailed explanation to it with used identical in the previously described first aspect present invention.
In addition, be used as battery unit 20, therefore omit explanation it with used identical battery unit in the previously described first aspect present invention.
Described supply of fuel part 30 has no particular limits, as long as connecting, it is used for receiving receiving body 15a and having the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 20 of the liquid fuel that is contained in the second fuel storage groove 15, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.Be contained in the accumulator tank 40 by receiving, and connecting an end of supply of fuel part 30 with the porous body of back fuel or the body 41 that receives that fibre bundle constitutes.
Be used to reaction in the battery unit 20 by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 50 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel storage groove 10 with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the permission liquid fuel is fed to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 by supply of fuel part 30 reliably.
Among the fuel cell H that so constitutes, valve member 12 opens and closes down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10 in the present embodiment; Pushing (heading into) by fuel storage groove 10 realizes opening of valve member 12, and thus, liquid fuel flows in the second fuel storage groove 15 so that interim the storage; Liquid fuel by valve member 12 flow in the second fuel storage groove 15 by receiving among the body 15a that porous body or fibre bundle constitute, and liquid fuel is introduced in the battery unit 20,20 by the infiltration structure of supply of fuel part 30.
This makes and can be fed in each battery unit 20 by fuel electrode body 21, and can be at fuel storage groove 10 pushings (heading into) supply fluid fuel stably afterwards.
In the fuel cell H of present embodiment, discharging valve member 12 opens and closes down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10, and fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping (termination) and using is carried out easily, and liquid fuel can be stablized and supply continuously.
In the present embodiment, fuel storage groove 10 (by what porous body or fibre bundle constituted receiving body 15a in the second fuel storage groove 15), fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, and with the back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41) capillary force be set at least, be fuel storage groove 10 (by what porous body or fibre bundle constituted receiving body 15a in the second fuel storage groove 15) capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt.Preferably, described capillary force be configured to fuel storage groove 10 (by what porous body or fibre bundle constituted receiving body 15a in the second fuel storage groove 15) capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41), can stablize thus and obtain continuously liquid fuel respectively from fuel storage groove 10 and each battery unit 20,20 to the flowing of back fuel accumulator tank, and can not cause liquid fuel adverse current or disturbance.
In the fuel cell H of present embodiment, each battery unit 20 adopts tabular (stratiform) structure, and therefore a lot of battery units can flow to along fuel and be connected in series, thereby can obtain to have the fuel cell of high electromotive force.Fuel cell can adopt such structure, and wherein liquid fuel can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.And do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
Therefore, fuel cell H in the present embodiment can change the barrel type into, and therefore provides a kind of undersized direct methanol fuel cell, and it can be as the power supply such as portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computers.
Figure 12 (a) to (d) is the fuel cell I of second execution mode of third aspect present invention.
As Figure 12 (a) with (b), the difference of the fuel cell in described fuel cell I and previously described first execution mode is, liquid fuel in the fuel storage groove 10 is directly to store, the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopts the form of replaceable barrel structure, comprise a liquid fuel inflow groove 14 that is arranged on fuel storage groove 10 bottoms by drain valve 13 in its supply of fuel mechanism, the second fuel storage groove 15 is arranged on the bottom that fuel flows into groove 14 by valve member 12,21 of fuel electrode bodies in each battery unit 20 are as porous body and be provided with the function of supply of fuel part 30 simultaneously, and battery unit 20 flows to along fuel and is connected in parallel.
Battery unit 20 has the structure shown in Figure 12 (b), and the fuel electrode body 21 that is positioned at the cylinder center is made of the porous body with capillary force identical with supply of fuel part 30, thereby makes fuel to flow to back fuel accumulator tank 40 from the second fuel storage groove 15.In the superincumbent structure, fuel electrode body 21 can have Figure 12 (c) and (d) shown in projecting form.
Among the fuel cell I that so constitutes, drain valve 13 and valve member 12 open and close down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10 in the present embodiment; Pushing (heading into) by fuel storage groove 10 realizes opening of drain valve 13, and thus, liquid fuel flows into liquid fuel flow and goes in the groove 14; And because valve member 12 is opened simultaneously, liquid fuel flows in the second fuel storage groove 15 so that interim the storage.This makes that being fed to liquid fuel in each battery unit 20 by fuel electrode body 21 has same function and effect in aforementioned first execution mode.
In the fuel cell I of second execution mode, fuel storage groove 10 is barrel types, therefore changes with postcombustion easily.Drain valve 13 and valve member 12 open and close by the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10, and fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping (termination) and using is carried out easily, and liquid fuel can be stablized and supply continuously.
In addition, in the fuel cell I of second execution mode, each battery unit 20 adopts loose structure, therefore no longer need supply of fuel part 30, thereby can obtain such fuel cell, promptly can realize the raising of the performance and the efficient of each battery unit, and reduce size.
Use the example of three battery units 20 to be shown in the present embodiment, and, connect the purposes that the quantity of the battery unit 20 of (serial or parallel connection) can fuel cell and increase, to obtain the electromotive force of expection.
Therefore, in the fuel cell I of present embodiment, whole fuel cell can be changed into the barrel type, and change fuel storage groove 10 into the barrel type, therefore a kind of undersized direct methanol fuel cell is provided, and it can be as the power supply such as portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computers.
Figure 13 shows the fuel cell J of the 3rd execution mode of third aspect present invention.Figure 14 shows the fuel cell K of the 4th execution mode of third aspect present invention.In the execution mode below, the parts that structure is identical and effect is identical in the fuel cell of those of fuel cell and previously described first execution mode with Fig. 5 in identical Reference numeral represent, and omit explanation to them.
Shown in Figure 13 and 14, the difference between the fuel cell D in described fuel cell J or K and aforementioned first execution mode only is, what be used for that the fuel storage groove of storaging liquid fuel adopts is the replaceable barrel structure 60 that has valve member.Difference between fuel cell J and the K is, is directly to infiltrate and be discharged in the supply of fuel part or by passing on body infiltration and being discharged in the supply of fuel part from the liquid fuel of barrel structure 60.
As shown in figure 13, the structure that is mounted in the supporting member 70 of the barrel type liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 in the 3rd execution mode.It comprises cylindrical body portion 62, and body elder generation end parts is installed with the tip maintaining part 61 of passing on part (relay element) 31 that is used to keep with supply of fuel part 30 one, and the rear end part of body seals.Valve member 65 is installed in the body 62.In the 4th execution mode, as shown in figure 14, the part that passes on not and supply of fuel part 30 form one, but remain in the tip maintaining part 62 as passing on part 32, the part 32 that passes on has with previously described and receives body 15a identical materials by what porous body and fibre bundle constituted.
Valve member 65 adopts such structure, and wherein, a drain valve is opened by the pushing (heading into) of liquid fuel accumulator tank 60, pass in the part 31 so that fuel is infiltrated up to, and drain valve cuts out after pushing stops.Although not shown, can adopt such structure, wherein the tip of supply of fuel part 30 (direction of arrow in Figure 13 and 14) is connecting battery unit 20,20, and is the same with aforementioned first or second execution mode.
In the fuel cell J of present embodiment of constructing like this, what the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopted is the fuel storage groove 60 of barrel type, therefore under the situation that fuel cell main body is fixed it is changed easily, with postcombustion.Maintaining part 62 is opened valve member 65 by pushing (heading into) operation, and the liquid fuel f in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 is infiltrated up in the supply of fuel part 30 by passing on part 31, and fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping (termination) and using is carried out easily, and liquid fuel can be stablized and supply continuously.
In the fuel cell K of the 4th execution mode, what the liquid fuel accumulator tank adopted is the fuel storage groove 60 of barrel type, therefore can change it under the situation that fuel cell main body is fixed, with postcombustion.By pushing (heading into) operation, the fuel storage groove contacts with the pushing portion 33 of supply of fuel part 30, and opening valve member 65, the liquid fuel f in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 is infiltrated up in the supply of fuel part 30 by passing on part 32, and fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping (termination) and using is carried out easily, and liquid fuel can be stablized and supply continuously.
In addition, the barrel structure in second to the 4th execution mode of front is used as the fuel storage groove, and is refilled carefully by means of suitable method with back fuel accumulator tank, can be used as the fuel storage groove once more thus.
In addition, after the fuel cell in first execution mode ran out, fuel storage groove 10 was refilled carefully by means of suitable method, thus can be inferior as fuel cell.
The fuel cell of third aspect present invention is not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
The part of the fuel cell structure in each execution mode of front can be changed and be used mutually.For example, can have such structure, the barrel type that is provided with valve member in promptly described the 4th execution mode 65 and the liquid fuel accumulator tank 60 of part 32 of passing on can be mounted, with liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 and the valve member 12 that replaces aforementioned first execution mode.
In addition, under the situation that liquid fuel is consumed fast, the fuel cell of the 4th execution mode pass on metallic or the resin system element that part 32 can be replaced by does not have the liquid fuel confining force, for example pipe or push rod, thus, at every turn can be to a large amount of liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supplies
Figure 15 (a) to (c) is the schematic diagram of the basic embodiment (first execution mode) of the fuel cell L of fourth aspect present invention.
Shown in Figure 15 (a) to (c), fuel cell L is provided with: fuel storage groove 10, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel; Battery unit (cell of fuel cell) 20,20, they each be respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 23 and make up air electrode layer 24 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 21 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23; Supply of fuel part 30, it is connecting described fuel storage groove 10 and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 40, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 30; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 20,20 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 30.In the structure that is adopted, described being provided with by what porous body with capillary force and/or fibre bundle constituted with back fuel accumulator tank 40 passed on body 40a, with by the described fuel draining of body after will using that pass on to back fuel accumulator tank 40, in addition, except hermetic being sealed by the part the described floss hole 40b that passes on body 40a process.
Be used as the liquid fuel that is stored in the fuel storage groove 10 with used identical fuel in the previously described first aspect present invention, therefore omit explanation it.
In the present embodiment, liquid fuel is received by being placed in receiving among the body 10a that sliver, porous body or fibre bundle in the fuel storage groove 10 constitute.The described body 10a that receives has no particular limits, as long as it can receive liquid fuel, and it can have the structure identical with supply of fuel part described later 30.
The material of fuel storage groove 10 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass.Owing to, therefore omit detailed explanation to it with used identical in the previously described first aspect present invention.
In addition, be used as battery unit 20, therefore omit explanation it with used identical battery unit in the previously described first aspect present invention.
Described supply of fuel part 30 has no particular limits, as long as connecting, it is used for receiving receiving body 10a and having the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 20 of the liquid fuel that is contained in fuel storage groove 10, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40 by passing on body 40a.What adopt is such structure, be that described being provided with by what porous body with capillary force and/or fibre bundle constituted with back fuel accumulator tank 40 passed on body 40a, with the fuel draining after will using to back fuel accumulator tank 40, and except hermetic being sealed by the part the described floss hole 40b that passes on body 40a process.In addition, receive the body 41 that receives to be arranged in by porous body or fibre bundle being used to of constituting, and passed in the lower end of body 40a in contact with in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 with back fuel.
Be used to reaction in the battery unit 20 by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 50 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel storage groove 10 with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the permission liquid fuel is fed to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 by supply of fuel part 30 reliably.
In the present embodiment among the fuel cell L that so constitutes, receive the infiltration structure of liquid fuel by supply of fuel part 30 among the body 10a of receiving in being placed in fuel storage groove 10 under the effect of capillary force, to be introduced in the battery unit 20,20.
In the present embodiment, describedly adopt such structure, promptly except hermetic being sealed by the part the described floss hole 40b that passes on body 40a process with back fuel accumulator tank 40; In addition, in the structure that is adopted, the fuel after using directly receives in the body 41 by being arranged in the passing on body 40a of supply of fuel part 30 1 ends.At least be fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a), fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, pass on body 40a, and with the back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41) capillary force be set to, capillary force＜fuel electrode the body 21 of fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a) and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a＜with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41), thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, when even fuel cell L is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down, and the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
In the respective embodiments described above, with back fuel accumulator tank 40, to be arranged in receiving body 41, being equipped with what receive body 41 in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 can be removable with back fuel accumulator tank 40.With back fuel accumulator tank 40 or be arranged in the body 41 that receives in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 and can discard with keeping intact so that discharge with after fuel.In addition, by to receive receive body 41 and pass among the body 40a with back fuel push, processing such as centrifugal action, gasification, can discharge with back fuel, in this case, with after the fuel accumulator tank can be used again.
In addition, be reused, then utilize can being filled to once more in the fuel storage groove 10 that preceding method discharges with back fuel if cause the concentration of the fuel that retains can be used as for any reason with the back propellant composition.
In addition, in the fuel cell L of present embodiment, fuel cell can adopt such structure, and wherein liquid fuel can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.And do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
In addition, the supply of fuel part 30 that is directly connecting the end of fuel storage groove 10 and having an infiltration structure is connected to each cell of fuel cell 20,20 fuel supplying, can reduce to comprise the size of the fuel cell of a plurality of battery units thus.
Figure 16 shows the fuel cell M of second execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.The parts that structure is identical and effect is identical among the fuel cell L of those of fuel cell and previously described first execution mode represent with identical Reference numeral, and omit the explanation (also is like this for the 3rd execution mode and execution mode subsequently) to them.
Difference between the fuel cell L in fuel cell M in the present embodiment and aforementioned first execution mode is, liquid fuel is by being received body 10a and pass on body 10b and be fed to supply of fuel part 30 by what being placed in that sliver, porous body or fibre bundle in the fuel storage groove 10 constitute.
In the present embodiment, at least be fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a), pass on body 10b, fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, pass on body 40a, and with the back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41) capillary force be set to, capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 of the capillary force of fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a)＜pass on body 10b and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a＜with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41), thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, when even fuel cell M is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down, and the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
Figure 17 (a) shows the fuel cell N of the 3rd execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
Shown in Figure 17 (a), the difference of fuel cell L in fuel cell N in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, liquid fuel is directly to store, and collection body 11 is arranged in the bottom of the fuel storage groove 10 that is used for storaging liquid fuel, with fuel supplying.
In the present embodiment, collection body 11 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the fuel storage groove 10 liquid fuel because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel overflow that causes because of factors such as expansions is maintained between collection part 11a, the 11a... in the collection body 11, and returns fuel storage groove 10 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.Fuel cell with previously described first execution mode in identical mode play a role.
Figure 17 (b) and (c) show the fuel cell O of the 4th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell L in fuel cell O in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, as Figure 17 (b) with (c), liquid fuel is directly to store, be provided with the second fuel storage groove 15 in the bottom of fuel storage groove 10, be used for storaging liquid fuel by valve member 12, be used for receiving the porous body of liquid fuel or fibre bundle to be contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, supply of fuel part 30 is connecting porous body or the fibre bundle that is contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, and tabular battery unit 20 is used.
In the present embodiment, valve member 12 opens and closes down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10, and thus, liquid fuel flows in the second fuel storage groove 15 so that interim the storage.This makes liquid fuel be fed in each battery unit 20 by supply of fuel part 30, and can obtain with described first execution mode in identical effect and effect.In addition, in the present embodiment, operate and fuel supplying by heading into of fuel storage groove 10, fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, the control of the supply of liquid fuel, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping using is carried out easily.
Figure 18 shows the fuel cell P of the 5th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell L in fuel cell P in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, as shown in figure 18, the liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 that is used for storaging liquid fuel adopts the form of replaceable barrel structure, comprise a liquid fuel inflow groove 14 that is arranged on the bottom by drain valve 13 in its supply of fuel part, the second fuel storage groove 15 is arranged on the bottom that fuel flows into groove 14 by valve member 12, be used for receiving the porous body of liquid fuel or fibre bundle to be contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, supply of fuel part 30 is connecting porous body or the fibre bundle that is contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, and battery unit 20 is connected in parallel.
In the present embodiment, drain valve 13 and valve member 12 open and close down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10; Thus, liquid fuel flows in the second fuel storage groove 15 so that interim the storage.This makes liquid fuel be fed in each battery unit 20 by supply of fuel part 30, and can obtain with described first execution mode in identical effect and effect.In addition, in the present embodiment, fuel storage groove 10 is barrel types, therefore changes with postcombustion easily.In addition, operate and fuel supplying by heading into of fuel storage groove 10, fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping using is carried out easily.
Figure 19 shows the fuel cell Q of the 6th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell M in fuel cell Q in the present embodiment and previously described second execution mode is, but is provided with open-close lid 42 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.
But the structure of open-close lid 42 comprises chimeric cover structure that threaded cover structure for example, articulated structure, conventional writing implement are used etc., as long as and have and make the antileakaging structure of employed liquid fuel, just can suitably be used.
In the present embodiment, fuel cell with previously described first execution mode in identical mode play a role, and to be contained in the body 41 that receives in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 be removable, thus with after liquid fuel discard easily.
In addition, be removable with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and can install large-sized with back fuel accumulator tank 40, shown in Figure 19 (b).
Can use back fuel accumulator tank 40 removable structures to comprise for example threaded cover structure, embedded structure, utilize the fixing of bolt etc. and the easy-off structure that realizes etc.
Figure 20 shows the fuel cell R of the 7th execution mode of fourth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell L in fuel cell R in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode only is, as shown in figure 20, collection body 45 is located at and the contacted periphery of passing on body 40a of supply of fuel part 30.
Collection body 45 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the liquid fuel in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel that refluxes easily is maintained between collection part 45a, the 45a... in the collection body, and returns with back fuel accumulator tank 40 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.
The material of collection body 45 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, and synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example.Synthetic resin for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG is preferred especially, and its can adopt traditional forming technique for example injection moulding and extrusion molding make, can also utilize the light chisel technology to form complicated shape.In addition, stand individual layer spare that extrusion operation obtains by stacked by the film that makes described synthetic resin, the collection body that is made of individual layer spare can replace aforementioned collection part 45a.
The important point is, the surface free energy of collection body 45 is arranged to be higher than the surface energy with the back liquid fuel, and this has strengthened collection body 45 by with the wetting wetability of back liquid fuel, to improve the ability that keeps with the back liquid fuel.The surface free energy of collection body 45 can be controlled by plasma treatment, ozone treatment, surface modifier processing etc. usually.
In the present embodiment, fuel cell with previously described first execution mode in identical mode play a role, and the capillary force of body 40a of passing on is configured to, fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a, thus, the liquid fuel that is not used in reaction can be stored in in the back fuel accumulator tank 40, and can not cause that liquid fuel by being back to each battery unit 20,20 with back fuel accumulator tank 40, is obstructed to prevent reaction.
In the present embodiment, be removable with back fuel accumulator tank 40, but perhaps can be provided with open-close lid with back fuel accumulator tank 40.Can discard with back fuel accumulator tank 40, to discharge with back fuel with keeping intact.In addition, use back fuel to discharge, in this case, can be used again with back fuel accumulator tank but open-close lid can be opened.
In addition, be reused, then utilize can being filled to once more in the fuel storage groove 10 that preceding method discharges with back fuel if cause the concentration of the fuel that retains can be used as for any reason with the back propellant composition.
But structure as open-close lid, in the fuel cell F of the 6th execution mode with the fuel accumulator tank employed structure of back, but in the 4th and the 5th execution mode, be used as the structure that also can be used as open-close lid from the valve arrangement of the discharging mechanism of the liquid fuel of fuel storage groove.
The fuel cell of fourth aspect present invention is not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
By for example that the usefulness back fuel accumulator tank in fuel storage groove in the 3rd to the 5th execution mode and the 6th and the 7th execution mode is combined, can freely change the form of fuel cell.
In addition, can also connect described in a plurality of as first to the 7th execution mode with back fuel accumulator tank, to improve storage capacity with back fuel accumulator tank.In this case, can from series connection and parallel connection, select suitable connected mode.
Figure 21 (a) to (e) is the schematic diagram of the basic embodiment (first execution mode) of the fuel cell S of fifth aspect present invention.
Shown in Figure 21 (a) to (e), fuel cell S is provided with: fuel storage groove 10, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel; Battery unit (cell of fuel cell) 20,20, they each be respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 23 and make up air electrode layer 24 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 21 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23; Supply of fuel part 30, it is connecting described fuel storage groove 10 and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 40, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 30; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 20,20 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 30.In the structure that is adopted, described being provided with by what porous body with capillary force and/or fibre bundle constituted with back fuel accumulator tank 40 passed on body 40a, with by the described fuel draining of body 40a after will using that pass on to back fuel accumulator tank 40, in addition, in the structure that is adopted, describedly open with back fuel accumulator tank 40.
Be used as the liquid fuel that is stored in the fuel storage groove 10 with used identical fuel in the previously described first aspect present invention, therefore omit explanation it.
In the present embodiment, liquid fuel is received by being placed in receiving among the body 10a that sliver, porous body or fibre bundle in the fuel storage groove 10 constitute.The described body 10a that receives has no particular limits, as long as it can receive liquid fuel, and it can have the structure identical with supply of fuel part described later 30 and gets final product.
The material of fuel storage groove 10 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass.Owing to, therefore omit detailed explanation to it with used identical in the previously described first aspect present invention.
In addition, be used as battery unit 20, therefore omit explanation it with used identical battery unit in the previously described first aspect present invention.
Described supply of fuel part 30 has no particular limits, as long as connecting, it is used for receiving receiving body 10a and having the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 20 of the liquid fuel that is contained in fuel storage groove 10, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40 by passing on body 40a.What adopt is such open architecture, be that described being provided with by what porous body with capillary force and/or fibre bundle constituted with back fuel accumulator tank 40 passed on body 40a, with the fuel draining after will using, and be provided with and expose the opening portion 40c that receives body 41 to a great extent, as Figure 21 (d) with (e), and the jack 40b that is used to pass on body 40a.In addition, receive the body 41 that receives to be arranged in by porous body or fibre bundle being used to of constituting, and passed in the lower end of body 40a in contact with in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 with back fuel.Can also be provided with rib 40d, to prevent receiving body to drop.
Be used to reaction in the battery unit 20 by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 50 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel storage groove 10 with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the permission liquid fuel is fed to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 by supply of fuel part 30 reliably.
In the present embodiment among the fuel cell S that so constitutes, receive the infiltration structure of liquid fuel by supply of fuel part 30 among the body 10a of receiving in being placed in fuel storage groove 10 under the effect of capillary force, to be introduced in the battery unit 20,20.
In the present embodiment, described with the such open architecture of back fuel accumulator tank 40 employings, the promptly described jack 40b that is provided with opening portion 40c and is used to pass on body 40a; In addition, in the structure that is adopted, the fuel after using directly receives in the body 41 by being arranged in the passing on body 40a of supply of fuel part 30 1 ends.At least be fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a), fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, pass on body 40a, and with the back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41) capillary force be set to, capillary force＜fuel electrode the body 21 of fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a) and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a＜with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41), thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, when even fuel cell S is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down, and the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
In the present embodiment, not airtight sealing with back fuel accumulator tank 40, therefore can be by gasification from receiving body 40a to be discharged into atmosphere with back fuel.Under the situation that fuel cell is used by short-term, less with the amount of back fuel, therefore can directly be discharged into atmosphere by gasification with back fuel.
In addition, even a large amount of when being discharged with back fuel, it also can be limited at, and mostly be most can be by the amount of receiving body 40a to receive, and that is received can be discharged into atmosphere by gasification in proper order with back fuel.
In the respective embodiments described above, with back fuel accumulator tank 40, to be arranged in receiving body 41 or being equipped with what receive body 41 in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 can be removable with back fuel accumulator tank 40.With back fuel accumulator tank 40 or be arranged in the body 41 that receives in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 and can discard with keeping intact so that discharge with after fuel.In addition, by to receive receive body 41 and pass among the body 40a with back fuel push, processing such as centrifugal action, gasification, can discharge with back fuel, in this case, with after the fuel accumulator tank can be used again.
In addition, in the fuel cell S of present embodiment, fuel cell can adopt such structure, and wherein liquid fuel can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.And do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
In addition, have end that the supply of fuel part 30 of infiltration structure directly connecting fuel storage groove 10 with to each cell of fuel cell 20,20 fuel supplying, can reduce to comprise the size of the fuel cell of a plurality of battery units thus.
Figure 22 shows the fuel cell T of second execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.The parts that structure is identical and effect is identical among the fuel cell S of those of fuel cell and previously described first execution mode represent with identical Reference numeral, and omit the explanation (also is like this for the 3rd execution mode and execution mode subsequently) to them.
Difference between the fuel cell S in fuel cell T in the present embodiment and aforementioned first execution mode is, liquid fuel is by being received body 10a and pass on body 10b and be fed to supply of fuel part 30 by what being placed in that sliver, porous body or fibre bundle in the fuel storage groove 10 constitute.
In the present embodiment, at least be fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a), pass on body 10b, fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, pass on body 40a, and with the back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41) capillary force be set to, capillary force＜fuel electrode body 21 of the capillary force of fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a)＜pass on body 10b and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a＜with the capillary force of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 41), thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, when even fuel cell T is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down, and the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
Figure 23 (a) shows the fuel cell U of the 3rd execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
Shown in Figure 23 (a), the difference of fuel cell S in fuel cell U in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, liquid fuel is directly to store, and collection body 11 is arranged in the bottom of the fuel storage groove 10 that is used for storaging liquid fuel, with fuel supplying.
In the present embodiment, collection body 11 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the fuel storage groove 10 liquid fuel because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel overflow that causes because of factors such as expansions is maintained between collection part 11a, the 11a... in the collection body 11, and returns fuel storage groove 10 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.Fuel cell with previously described first execution mode in identical mode play a role.
Figure 23 (b) and (c) show the fuel cell V of the 4th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell S in fuel cell V in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, as Figure 23 (b) with (c), liquid fuel is directly to store, be provided with the second fuel storage groove 15 in the bottom of fuel storage groove 10, be used for storaging liquid fuel by valve member 12, be used for receiving the porous body of liquid fuel or fibre bundle to be contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, supply of fuel part 30 is connecting porous body or the fibre bundle that is contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, and tabular battery unit 20 is used.
In the present embodiment, valve member 12 opens and closes down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10, and thus, liquid fuel flows in the second fuel storage groove 15 so that interim the storage.This makes liquid fuel be fed in each battery unit 20 by supply of fuel part 30, and can obtain with described first execution mode in identical effect and effect.In addition, in the present embodiment, operate and fuel supplying by heading into of fuel storage groove 10, fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, the control of the supply of liquid fuel, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping using is carried out easily.
Figure 24 shows the fuel cell W of the 5th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell S in fuel cell W in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, as shown in figure 24, liquid fuel is directly to store, the liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 that is used for storaging liquid fuel adopts the form of replaceable barrel structure, comprise a liquid fuel inflow groove 14 that is arranged on fuel storage groove 10 bottoms by drain valve 13 in its supply of fuel part, the second fuel storage groove 15 is arranged on the bottom that fuel flows into groove 14 by valve member 12, be used for receiving the porous body of liquid fuel or fibre bundle to be contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, supply of fuel part 30 is connecting porous body or the fibre bundle that is contained in the described second fuel storage groove 15, and battery unit 20 is connected in parallel.
In the present embodiment, drain valve 13 and valve member 12 open and close down at the bulldozing operation (heading into operation) of fuel storage groove 10; Thus, liquid fuel flows in the second fuel storage groove 15 so that interim the storage.This makes liquid fuel be fed in each battery unit 20 by supply of fuel part 30, and can obtain with described first execution mode in identical effect and effect.In addition, in the present embodiment, fuel storage groove 10 is barrel types, therefore changes with postcombustion easily.In addition, operate and fuel supplying by heading into of fuel storage groove 10, fuel cell can be operated thus.Like this, bring into use and the adjustment when stopping using is carried out easily.
Figure 25 shows the fuel cell X of the 6th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell T in fuel cell X in the present embodiment and previously described second execution mode is, shown in Figure 25 (a), but is provided with open-close lid 42 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.
But the structure of open-close lid 42 comprises chimeric cover structure that threaded cover structure for example, articulated structure, conventional writing implement are used etc., as long as and have and make the antileakaging structure of employed liquid fuel, just can suitably be used.
In the present embodiment, fuel cell with previously described first execution mode in identical mode play a role, and to be contained in the body 41 that receives in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 be removable, thus with after liquid fuel discard easily.
In addition, be removable with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and can install large-sized with back fuel accumulator tank 40, shown in Figure 25 (b).
Can use back fuel accumulator tank 40 removable structures to comprise for example threaded cover structure, embedded structure, utilize the fixing of bolt etc. and the easy-off structure that realizes etc.
Figure 26 shows the fuel cell Y of the 7th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
The difference of the fuel cell in fuel cell Y in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode only is, shown in Figure 26 (a), open type use with back fuel accumulator tank 40 in, collection body 45 is located at and the contacted periphery of passing on body 40a of supply of fuel part 30.
Collection body 45 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the liquid fuel in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel that refluxes easily is maintained between collection part 45a, the 45a... in the collection body, and returns with back fuel accumulator tank 40 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.
The material of collection body 45 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, and synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example.Synthetic resin for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG is preferred especially, and its can adopt traditional forming technique for example injection moulding and extrusion molding make, can also utilize the light chisel technology to form complicated shape.In addition, stand individual layer spare that extrusion operation obtains by stacked by the film that makes described synthetic resin, the collection body that is made of individual layer spare can replace aforementioned collection part 45a.
The important point is, the surface free energy of collection body 45 is arranged to be higher than the surface energy with the back liquid fuel, and this has strengthened collection body 45 by with the wetting wetability of back liquid fuel, to improve the ability that keeps with the back liquid fuel.The surface free energy of collection body 45 can be controlled by plasma treatment, ozone treatment, surface modifier processing etc. usually.
In the present embodiment, fuel cell with previously described first execution mode in identical mode play a role, and the capillary force of body 40a of passing on is configured to, fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40a, thus, the liquid fuel that is not used in reaction can be stored in in the back fuel accumulator tank 40, and can not cause that liquid fuel by being back to each battery unit 20,20 with back fuel accumulator tank 40, is obstructed to prevent reaction.
In the present embodiment, if being discharged with back fuel in a small amount then used back fuel can pass through the opening gasification of opening wide, thereby directly is discharged into atmosphere.
In addition, a large amount of during with back fuel in discharging, described lid can be opened, with discharging with back fuel.
But structure as open-close lid 42, can adopt in the fuel cell of the 6th execution mode with the employed structure of back fuel accumulator tank, in addition, but in the 4th and the 5th execution mode, be used as the structure that also can be used as open-close lid from the valve arrangement of the discharging mechanism of the liquid fuel of fuel storage groove.
In addition, can strengthen with the size of back fuel accumulator tank 40, and be offered the 40d of minute opening portion, 40d..., shown in Figure 26 (b) by break-through.In addition, but can be provided with open-close lid 42 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.If being discharged with back fuel in a small amount then used back fuel can pass through the opening gasification of opening wide, thereby directly is discharged into atmosphere.In addition, a large amount of during with back fuel in discharging, described lid can be opened, with discharging with back fuel.
In addition, be configured to be lower than surface energy, thus, can prevent that the form with liquid that is stored in in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 from leaking with back fuel with the surface energy of the periphery of the inboard of back fuel accumulator tank 40 and the 40d of minute opening portion.
This be because, be configured to be lower than surface energy with the surface energy of the periphery of the inboard of back fuel accumulator tank 40 and the 40d of minute opening portion with back fuel, therefore reduced by the wetting wetability of liquid fuel, thereby make and be difficult to from opening portion leakage with back fuel accumulator tank 40 with back fuel.
Figure 27 shows the fuel cell Z of the 8th execution mode of fifth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell A to G in fuel cell Z in the present embodiment and previously described each execution mode only is, consider that the amount with back fuel that is produced surpasses from using the situation of back fuel accumulator tank 40 to the discharge capacity of atmosphere, be provided with and receive body 41, it is shaped as and makes with the easier gasification of back fuel.
Shown in Figure 27 (a) to (c), receive body 41 to have fin shape, wherein, respectively receive the 41a of portion to form with predetermined interval, air layer 41b is located at and receives between the 41a of portion, thereby can will use the back fuel gasification in atmosphere more efficiently.
The installing space of body 40a of passing on both can be that the middle part also can be both sides.
The fuel cell of fifth aspect present invention is not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
For example, can being changed with back fuel accumulator tank of first to the 6th execution mode is the fuel accumulator tank afterwards of using that has collection body of the 7th execution mode, in addition, can also connect described in a plurality of as first to the 7th execution mode with back fuel accumulator tank, to improve storage capacity with back fuel accumulator tank.
Figure 28 to Figure 30 has shown the fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell in first execution mode of sixth aspect present invention.
Extremely shown in Figure 30 as Figure 28, the fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell in first execution mode of sixth aspect present invention is a barrel type fuel reservoir, it is connecting fuel cell main body removably, wherein fuel reservoir is provided with tanks portion (body) 10, it is used for storaging liquid fuel F, liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and it is located at the tip of tanks portion 10 and has unidirectional valve, and liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30, it is located in the tanks portion 10; The liquid fuel F that is stored in the tanks portion 10 is pushed forward by liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30, thereby supplies to liquid fuel discharge portion 20 with fixed amount, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is from 20 dischargings of liquid fuel discharge portion.
Tanks portion 10 adopts such structure, the liquid fuel discharge portion 20 that promptly has a unidirectional valve is located at that it is earlier distolateral, its middle part is the apotheca 11 that is used for storaging liquid fuel, and the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 that is used to discharge the liquid fuel of fixed amount is located at its rear side.
Tanks portion 10 preferably has durability, at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel F wherein, gas impermeability (at the gas impermeability of oxygen, nitrogen etc.).
In addition, the choosing of tanks quality award from the ministry has light transmission, thereby can the remaining liquid fuel amount of visual observation.About make can visual observation remaining liq fuel quantity light transmission, if light transmittance be 50% or more than, though then its material and thickness how can both visual observation to contents.More preferably, if light transmittance be 80% or more than, then do not have any problem in actual use, and the visual of liquid fuel improves further.
In order to prevent that liquid fuel from leaking and gasification, and prevent that air from entering fuel reservoir, it is preferably made by the non-permeability material of gas, and more preferably, if its OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, then do not have any problem in actual use.
About the used material of tanks portion 10, preferable material comprises that (if not requiring photopermeability) is such as metals such as aluminium and stainless steels, synthetic resin, glass, and consider the visuality of remaining liq fuel quantity, the non-permeability of gas, cost in making and assembling reduces, the easness of making, it preferably includes single-layer resin structure or two or more multi-layered sandwich construction, described layer comprises single a kind of in the following resin or two or multiple: the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, more preferably, in above-mentioned resin, if its OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, and its light transmittance be 50% or more than, particularly 80% or more than, then preferably selected.
Particularly preferably, transmitance and light transmittance are not 80% or above ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride can to adopt the oxygen with above-mentioned characteristic.
Tanks portion 10 preferably includes two or more multi-layered sandwich construction, and comprise such two or more multi-layered sandwich construction ideally, wherein one deck is made by the material that comprises in the aforementioned resin group at least, and has non-permeability of gas and the light transmission of describing in front respectively.If the one deck at least in the sandwich construction is made by the resin with aforementioned properties (gas-premeable), remaining layer can be made by ordinary resin, like this, can not have problems in actual use.This sandwich construction can be made by extrusion molding, injection moulding, co-extrusion modling etc.
In addition, replacing by above-mentioned forming method as need provides at least one gas the non-layer that sees through, and also can provide gas the non-layer that sees through by the solution that applies the resin of selecting from aforementioned resin groups.In this painting method, compare such as forming manufacturing equipments such as extrusion molding, injection mouldings with above-described, no longer need special manufacturing equipment, and can make step by step.
The non-thickness that sees through layer of gas that provides by aforementioned each forming method and painting method is preferably 10 to 2000 μ m.If thickness then can not obtain the gas impermeability less than 10 μ m.On the other hand, if thickness surpasses 2000 μ m, the performance of then whole jar of part for example light transmission can be impaired with flexibility.
In addition, replacing by above-mentioned moulding or painting method as need provides gas the non-layer that sees through, also can by cover non-permeability thin-film component for example the non-permeability film of gas provide.The non-permeability thin-film component that covers preferably includes at least a by what select in following one group: metal forming is aluminium foil for example, and metal oxide is the deposit of alum clay and silica for example, the diamond-like-carbon coating material.As previously mentioned, the gas impermeability can cover described non-permeability thin-film component by the outer surface in tanks portion 10 provides.The thickness of described non-permeability thin-film component is preferably 10 to 2000 μ m, situation about describing as the front.If non-permeability thin-film component is not have a visual element, aluminium foil for example, then the non-permeability of gas can be not impaired degree on, the part of tanks portion is not by its covering, and coated one-tenth clathrate or strip, so that the detection window part to be provided.The non-permeability film of gas with light transmission can be coated on the described detection window part, to guarantee non-permeability of gas and visuality.
Liquid fuel discharge portion 20 is installed in the elder generation of inboard of described tanks portion 10 by adapter 21 distolateral, and comprise separable upside element 23 with cylindrical inflow part 22 and the separable downside element 25 with cylindrical discharge mouth 24; In addition, adopt following structure, wherein, separable component 23,25 flowing into the reception room 29 that is formed for accommodating unidirectional valve 28 between part 22 and the floss hole 24 by being combined, described unidirectional valve comprises unidirectional valve member 26 and pushing spring 27, this pushing spring is made of helical spring, is used for pushing flow into unidirectional valve member 26 to part 22 1 sides.
By providing unidirectional valve 28 for described liquid fuel discharge unit 20, formed and be used for when use stops (non-use) and prevent the structure that enters such as foreign matters such as air, thereby can prevent that tanks portion 10 from air displacement taking place, and can prevent that liquid fuel F from leaking and splash.
The material that comprises the liquid fuel discharge unit 20 of unidirectional valve 28 has no particular limits, as long as it has durability, at stored liquid fuel storage stability and light transmission, and comprise: synthetic resin, for example ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride; Rubber, for example natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, 1,2-polybutadiene rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chlorosulfonation rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, silicon rubber, fluorocarbon rubber, polyurethane rubber; And elastomer.Can make by traditional injection moulding, sulfidization molding etc.
The liquid fuel identical with first aspect present invention can be used as liquid fuel F.
In sixth aspect present invention, liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 has no particular limits,, and can adopt structure miscellaneous as long as thereby the liquid fuel that is stored in the tanks portion 10 is promoted forward to supply and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is discharged from liquid fuel discharge portion 20 to liquid fuel discharge portion 20 with fixed amount by described liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30.
The liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 of present embodiment comprises: the rotary manipulation spare 33 that is positioned at the rear side of tanks portion 10, inboard cylindrical elements 32 in cylindrical elements constitutes by outside cylindrical elements 31 with outside non-rotatably being inserted in for it, in rotary manipulation spare 33, be located at the distolateral ridge wheel mechanism 36 of outside cylindrical elements 31 elder generations, it comprises ratchet 34 on the inner surface that is formed on tanks portion 10 and the lock pawl 35 that meshes with ratchet 34, in rotary manipulation spare 33, be inserted in the screw rod 40 of inboard cylindrical part 32 inboards, and the piston 50 that is located at the first end of screw rod 40, it inserts in the tanks portion 10, thereby can slide at tanks portion inner surface a front from the outstanding partition 12 of the inner surface of tanks portion 10.
Fitting projection 31a is formed on the aforementioned cylindrical elements 31, and the chimeric recess 10a of itself and tanks portion 10 is chimeric, and thus, outside cylindrical elements 31 is installed in the tanks portion 10 in rotatable but not removable mode.
Be formed on negative thread portion 37 engagements of outer screw section 41 and the front end that is formed on inboard cylindrical elements 31 on the outer surface of screw rod 40, screw rod 40 passes the jack 13 in the described partition 12, and can only be along the longitudinal movement with respect to inboard cylindrical elements 32.
Formed following structure, wherein, the rotary manipulation of the outside cylindrical elements 31 by rotary manipulation spare 33 rotates screw rod 40, thereby by and negative thread portion 37 between engagement move forward, the piston 50 that links to each other by tip with screw rod 40, the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is supplied to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is released from liquid fuel discharge portion 20.The liquid fuel F of the fixed amount of being released by piston 50 opens unidirectional valve 28 with pressure as shown in figure 30, and is fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is discharged (release) from liquid fuel discharge portion 20.Formed following structure, wherein, after the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is supplied, recovered state shown in Figure 28 by means of thrust piece 27, to prevent entering tanks portion 10 such as foreign matters such as air.
The fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell in the sixth aspect present invention that so constitutes, by ratchet mechanism 36, outside cylindrical elements 31 can only be along a direction with respect to 10 rotations of tanks portion, in addition, in the present embodiment, maintain specific rank by the anglec of rotation with rotary manipulation spare 33, the liquid fuel F of fixed amount can be discharged from.Can obtain such structure, wherein, when being rotated operation with special angle, can feel that by ridge wheel mechanism 36 snap fastener moves, and keeps the aforementioned specific anglec of rotation thus at every turn.Aft bulkhead area by the pitch of rotary manipulation spare 33, screw rod 40, the notch quantity of ratchet mechanism 36 (ratchet mechanism 36 whenever revolves the cam quantity that need cross that obtains that turns around), tanks portion 10, the discharge capacity of the liquid fuel that each snap fastener is discharged is controlled (pitch of discharge capacity=screw rod * 1/ notch quantity * aft bulkhead area), and it preferably is set to 5 μ l to 10ml.
When described outside cylindrical elements 31 rotated with respect to tanks portion 10, inboard cylindrical elements 32 was with 31 rotations of outside cylindrical elements.In this case, screw rod 40 prevents rotation by jack 12, so screw rod 40 moves forward.As a result, be stored in liquid fuel F in the tanks portion 10 and promoted by piston and be fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is discharged from liquid fuel discharge portion 20 with unidirectional valve 28 with fixed amount.
The fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell is connecting fuel cell main body N as shown in figure 31 removably and is being used.
That is to say, fuel cell main body N is provided with battery unit 60,60 as shown in figure 31, and they each be respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 63 and make up air electrode layer 64 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 62 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 63; Supply of fuel part 70, it is connecting described fuel reservoir A and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 80, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 70; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 60,60 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 70.Described fuel reservoir A comprises removable barrel structure, and has the structure on the supporting member 18 that is installed in fuel cell main body N.
Described fuel reservoir A is installed on the supporting member 18 of the fuel cell main body N that will link to each other with supply of fuel part 70.In this situation, if the surface free energy of each element is higher than the surface free energy of liquid fuel, then liquid fuel enters in the gap between the bound fraction easily, and the possibility of leak of liquid can improve.Therefore, the surface free energy of described each element preferably is controlled to be the surface free energy that is lower than liquid fuel, be at least with wall that liquid fuel F contacts on.The method that is used for the control surface free energy comprises that the wall that contacts with liquid fuel to tanks portion 10 carries out water repulsion film formation processing, promptly applies the water repellents that is formed by silicone or fluorine resin.
As Figure 32 (a) with (b), each battery unit 60 has fuel electrode body 61, it comprises meticulous porous carbon column, the middle body of fuel electrode body has the breakthrough part 62 that is passed by supply of fuel part 70, and battery unit has such structure, be that dielectric substrate 63 is structured on the outer surface of described fuel electrode body 61, and air electrode layer 64 is structured on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 63.The electromotive force that each battery unit 60 of fuel cell produces is the about 1.2V of each battery unit in theory.
Fuel unit 60 can adopt the battery unit identical with described first aspect present invention.
Described supply of fuel part 70 has no particular limits, as long as it can insert in floss hole 24 of fuel reservoir A and have the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 60, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 60, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 70 with back fuel accumulator tank 80.In this case, if directly use back fuel directly to receive in the end of contact supply of fuel part 70, then do not have any problem with back fuel accumulator tank 80.Yet, with supply of fuel part 70 contacted bound fractions, can be provided with by what sliver, porous body or fibre bundle constituted and pass on body, to form with the back fuel discharge passage.
Be used to the reaction in the battery unit 60 of fuel cell by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 70 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 80, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 90 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel reservoir A with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 80, wherein, the liquid fuel of fixed amount is fed to each corresponding battery unit 60,60 by supply of fuel part 70 from fuel reservoir A reliably.
In the present embodiment among the fuel reservoir A that so constitutes, rotation by rotary manipulation spare 33, the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20 from fuel reservoir A, and is introduced in the battery unit 60,60 by the infiltration structure of supply of fuel part 70.
In this one side of the present invention,, can discharge the liquid fuel F of fixed amount by the anglec of rotation of rotary manipulation spare 33 in the fuel reservoir A of fuel cell is fixed on specific rank.In order to keep the specific anglec of rotation, adopted following structure, can by described ridge wheel mechanism 36 feel when promptly being rotated operation with special angle at every turn and the snap fastener action therefore realize the fixed amount discharging easily.
In addition, in the structure that is adopted, after the liquid fuel F of fixed amount was fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, unidirectional valve 28 returned state shown in Figure 28 under the effect of thrust piece 27, entered tanks portion 10 to prevent foreign matters such as air.Like this, can prevent fuel leak and splash, and fuel cell can begin operation.
In addition, be 50% or above material and/or have one deck oxygen at least and isolate the material of resin bed and constitute tanks portion 10 with light transmittance, can improve storge quality, and make the user observe discharge capacity easily, serviceability further improves simultaneously.
In the fuel cell that constitutes as mentioned above, adopted following structure, promptly the liquid fuel of fixed amount can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.And do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
Therefore, in the fuel cell of aforementioned embodiments, the entire portion of fuel cell can be transformed into barrel, therefore a kind of undersized fuel cell is provided, it can be as the power supply such as portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computers.
In the above-described embodiment, shown the example when two battery units 60 are used in the present embodiment, yet, connect the purposes that the quantity of the battery unit 60 of (serial or parallel connection) can fuel cell and increase, to obtain the electromotive force of expection.
The fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of sixth aspect present invention and fuel cell are not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
For example, for example, battery unit 60 has adopted cylinder form, but they also can have other shape, and is for example prismatic and tubular.They both can parallel connection also can be contacted and connect supply of fuel part 70.
In the above in the execution mode of Miao Shuing, the present invention explains in the mode of direct methanol fuel cell, yet, the present invention is not limited to previously described direct methanol fuel cell, as long as but meet the following conditions, the fuel reservoir that is fuel cell is the fuel reservoir of barrel type, it is connecting fuel cell main body removably and is being provided with the tanks portion that is used for storaging liquid fuel, be located at the tip of tanks portion and have the liquid fuel discharge portion of unidirectional valve and be located at liquid fuel dipper crowding gear in the tanks portion, and, be stored in that liquid fuel in the tanks portion is pushed forward by the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear and the liquid fuel of fixed amount is fed to the liquid fuel discharge portion, so that the liquid fuel of fixed amount is discharged from the liquid fuel discharge portion.The present invention can be applied to polymer membranous type fuel cell equally, comprises the recombinant type fuel cell.
Figure 33 is the partial top view of another example of the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of sixth aspect present invention.
Difference between the fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell in the present embodiment and the fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell of front execution mode only is, along vertically being formed with protuberance 31a, 31a and/or being positioned at scale datum line 31b, the 31b at protuberance 31a, 31a middle part (centre) of the outside cylindrical elements 31 of rotary manipulation spare 33, and mark part 14 is located on the surface of rear side of tanks portion 10; Fuel reservoir B is suitable for using in the mode identical with fuel reservoir A.
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell in the present embodiment, if the outside cylindrical elements 31 of rotary manipulation spare 33 revolves (360 degree) the liquid fuel F by floss hole 24 discharging certain amount 0.1ml that turns around, then (there is not the liquid fuel discharging at the mark part 14 that a protuberance 31a is adjusted at as benchmark, discharge capacity is 0) situation under, rotation outside cylindrical elements 31 can give off the liquid fuel of 0.0125ml next protuberance 31a is adjusted to the mark part 14 as benchmark; By 8 times protuberance 31a is adjusted to mark part 14 as benchmark, can finishes the rotation of a whole circle.In the present embodiment, by article one datum line 31b is adjusted to mark part, can obtain the discharge capacity of 0.00625ml.
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell in the present embodiment, display aforementioned protuberance 31a and/or datum line 31b and the mark part 14 that is used for scale by printing, the discharge capacity of the easier definite liquid fuel of sensation that Billy obtains with snap fastener.
Figure 34 shows another execution mode of liquid fuel discharge unit 20.Liquid fuel discharge unit 20 in the present embodiment is with the difference of the execution mode shown in Figure 28 to 30, the unidirectional valve member 26 that is located in the liquid fuel discharge unit 20 comprises ball valve, but and separable upside element 23 adopts is the structure of firm attachment ball valve; The liquid fuel discharge unit is suitable for using in the mode identical with execution mode shown in Figure 28.
In addition, fuel cell main body is by make up dielectric substrate on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body, and making up air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, yet, the structure of fuel cell main body is not limited thereto, on the contrary, fuel cell main body can adopt for example following structure, the carbonaceous porous body that wherein has conductivity is as host material, obtain battery unit by on host material, forming each electrode/electrolyte/electrode layer, or form assembly by connecting two or more described battery units, wherein liquid fuel is infiltrated up in the host material by the supply of fuel part, and the electrode surface that is formed on the host material outer surface is exposed in the air.
Figure 35 to Figure 38 has shown fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell and the fuel cell N in first execution mode of seventh aspect present invention.
Extremely shown in Figure 38 as Figure 35, the fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell in first execution mode is the barrel type fuel reservoir that is connecting fuel cell main body removably, wherein this fuel reservoir is equipped with tanks portion (body) 10, it has the spent fuel that is used for storaging liquid fuel and reclaims peristome 14, be located at the tip of tanks portion 10 and have the liquid fuel discharge unit 20 of unidirectional valve, and be located at the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 in the tanks portion 10; The liquid fuel F that is stored in the tanks portion 10 is pushed forward by liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30, thereby supplies to liquid fuel discharge portion 20 with fixed amount, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is from 20 dischargings of liquid fuel discharge portion; The spatial portion that is arranged in tanks portion 10 15 that is formed by dipper crowding gear is used as the spent fuel accumulator tank, is used for being stored in the usefulness back fuel that fuel cell main body was consumed.
Tanks portion 10 adopts such structure, the liquid fuel discharge portion 20 that promptly has a unidirectional valve is located at that it is earlier distolateral, its middle part is the apotheca 11 that is used for storaging liquid fuel, and the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 that is used to discharge the liquid fuel of fixed amount is located at its rear side.
Tanks portion 10 preferably has durability, at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel F wherein, gas impermeability (at the gas impermeability of oxygen, nitrogen etc.).
In addition, the choosing of tanks quality award from the ministry has light transmission, thereby can the remaining liquid fuel amount of visual observation.About make can visual observation remaining liq fuel quantity light transmission, if light transmittance be 50% or more than, though then its material and thickness how can both visual observation to content.More preferably, if light transmittance be 80% or more than, then do not have any problem in actual use, and the visual of liquid fuel improves further.
In order to prevent that liquid fuel from leaking and gasification, and prevent that air from entering fuel reservoir, it is preferably made by the non-permeability material of gas, and more preferably, if its OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, then do not have any problem in actual use.
About the used material of tanks portion 10, preferable material comprises that (if not requiring photopermeability) is such as metals such as aluminium and stainless steels, synthetic resin, glass, and consider the visuality of remaining liq fuel quantity, the non-permeability of gas, cost in making and assembling reduces, the easness of making, it preferably includes single-layer resin structure or two or more multi-layered sandwich construction, described layer comprises single a kind of in the following resin or two or multiple: the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, more preferably, in above-mentioned resin, if its OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, and its light transmittance be 50% or more than, particularly 80% or more than, then preferably selected.
Particularly preferably, transmitance and light transmittance are not 80% or above ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride can to adopt the oxygen with above-mentioned characteristic.
Tanks portion 10 preferably includes two or more multi-layered sandwich construction, and comprise such two or more multi-layered sandwich construction ideally, wherein one deck is made by the material that comprises in the aforementioned resin group at least, and has non-permeability of gas and the light transmission of describing in front respectively.If the one deck at least in the sandwich construction is made by the resin with aforementioned properties (gas-premeable) (oxygen separator), remaining layer can be made by ordinary resin, like this, can not have problems in actual use.This sandwich construction can be made by extrusion molding, injection moulding, co-extrusion modling etc.
In addition, replacing by above-mentioned forming method as need provides at least one gas the non-layer that sees through, and also can provide gas the non-layer that sees through by the solution that applies the resin of selecting from aforementioned resin groups.In this painting method, compare such as forming manufacturing equipments such as extrusion molding, injection mouldings with above-described, no longer need special manufacturing equipment, and can make step by step.
The thickness of isolating (gas is non-to be seen through) layer by the oxygen that aforementioned each forming method and painting method provide is preferably 10 to 2000 μ m.If thickness then can not obtain the gas impermeability less than 10 μ m.On the other hand, if thickness surpasses 2000 μ m, the performance of then whole jar of part for example light transmission can be impaired with flexibility.
In addition, replacing by above-mentioned moulding or painting method as need provides oxygen to isolate (the non-layer that sees through of gas), also can by cover non-permeability thin-film component for example the non-permeability film of gas provide.The non-permeability thin-film component that covers preferably includes at least a by what select in following one group: metal forming is aluminium foil for example, and metal oxide is the deposit of alum clay and silica for example, the diamond-like-carbon coating material.As previously mentioned, the gas impermeability can cover described non-permeability thin-film component by the outer surface in tanks portion 10 provides.The thickness of described non-permeability thin-film component is preferably 10 to 2000 μ m, situation about describing as the front.If non-permeability thin-film component is not have a visual element, aluminium foil for example, then the non-permeability of gas can be not impaired degree on, the part of tanks portion is not by its covering, and coated one-tenth clathrate or strip, so that the detection window part to be provided.The non-permeability film of gas with light transmission can be coated on the described detection window part, to guarantee non-permeability of gas and visuality.
Liquid fuel discharge portion 20 is installed in the elder generation of inboard of described tanks portion 10 by adapter 21 distolateral, and comprise separable upside element 23 with cylindrical inflow part 22 and the separable downside element 25 with cylindrical discharge mouth 24; In addition, adopt following structure, wherein, separable component 23,25 flowing into the reception room 29 that is formed for accommodating unidirectional valve 28 between part 22 and the floss hole 24 by being combined, described unidirectional valve comprises unidirectional valve member 26 and pushing spring 27, this pushing spring is made of helical spring, is used for pushing flow into unidirectional valve member 26 to part 22 1 sides.
By providing unidirectional valve 28 for described liquid fuel discharge unit 20, formed and be used for when use stops (non-use) and prevent the structure that enters such as foreign matters such as air, thereby can prevent that tanks portion 10 from air displacement taking place, and can prevent that liquid fuel F from leaking and splash.
The material that comprises the liquid fuel discharge unit 20 of unidirectional valve 28 has no particular limits, as long as it has durability, at stored liquid fuel storage stability and light transmission, and comprise: synthetic resin, for example ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, PETG, Merlon, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride; Rubber, for example natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, 1,2-polybutadiene rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chlorosulfonation rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, silicon rubber, fluorocarbon rubber, polyurethane rubber; And elastomer.Can make by traditional injection moulding, sulfidization molding etc.
The liquid fuel identical with first aspect present invention can be used as liquid fuel F, therefore omits the detailed explanation to it.
In seventh aspect present invention, liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 has no particular limits,, and can adopt structure miscellaneous as long as thereby the liquid fuel F that is stored in the tanks portion 10 is promoted forward to supply and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is discharged from liquid fuel discharge portion 20 to liquid fuel discharge portion 20 with fixed amount by described liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30.
The liquid fuel dipper crowding gear 30 of present embodiment comprises: the rotary manipulation spare 33 that is positioned at the rear side of tanks portion 10, inboard cylindrical elements 32 in cylindrical elements constitutes by outside cylindrical elements 31 with outside non-rotatably being inserted in for it, in rotary manipulation spare 33, be located at the distolateral ridge wheel mechanism 36 of outside cylindrical elements 31 elder generations, it comprises ratchet 34 on the inner surface that is formed on tanks portion 10 and the lock pawl 35 that meshes with ratchet 34, in rotary manipulation spare 33, be inserted in the screw rod 40 of inboard cylindrical part 32 inboards, and the piston 50 that is located at the first end of screw rod 40, it inserts in the tanks portion 10, thereby can slide at tanks portion inner surface a front from the outstanding partition 12 of the inner surface of tanks portion 10.
Fitting projection 31a is formed on the aforementioned cylindrical elements 31, and the chimeric recess 10a of itself and tanks portion 10 is chimeric, and thus, outside cylindrical elements 31 is installed in the tanks portion 10 in rotatable but not removable mode.
Be formed on negative thread portion 37 engagements of outer screw section 41 and the front end that is formed on inboard cylindrical elements 31 on the outer surface of screw rod 40, screw rod 40 passes the jack 13 in the described partition 12, and can only be along the longitudinal movement with respect to inboard cylindrical elements 32.
Formed following structure, wherein, the rotary manipulation of the outside cylindrical elements 31 by rotary manipulation spare 33 rotates screw rod 40, thereby by and negative thread portion 37 between engagement move forward, the piston 50 that links to each other by tip with screw rod 40, the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is supplied to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is released from liquid fuel discharge portion 20.The liquid fuel F of the fixed amount of being released by piston 50 opens unidirectional valve 28 with pressure as shown in figure 35, and is fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is discharged (release) from liquid fuel discharge portion 20.Formed following structure, wherein, after the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is supplied, recovered state shown in Figure 35 by means of thrust piece 27, to prevent entering tanks portion 10 such as foreign matters such as air.
Formed following structure, wherein, the spent fuel that has unidirectional valve in inside reclaims peristome 14 and is used for being stored in the usefulness back fuel that fuel cell main body was consumed, this spent fuel reclaim peristome directly (or passing through adapter) be located at the sidepiece of described tanks portion 10, by elastomer for example the sealing ring 16 made of silicone rubber hermetic seal gap between screw rod 40 and the tanks portion 10, be contained in reliably in the tanks portion 10 with the spent fuel that will reclaim.
The spatial portion 15 that constitutes the spent fuel accumulator tank is formed in the tanks portion 10 by being located at the sealing ring 16 in the tanks portion 10 and the piston 50 of dipper crowding gear 30, this spatial portion 15 is such space segments, and it makes volume increase to formation spent fuel accumulator tank gradually by dipper crowding gear 30.
The unidirectional valve that is installed in the described spent fuel recovery peristome 14 is made of the small size unidirectional valve, and its structure is identical with the described unidirectional valve 28 that is installed in the liquid fuel discharge portion 20.In the present embodiment, shown in Figure 35 (b), the separable downside element 14d that it comprises the separable upside element 14b with cylindrical inflow part 14a and has cylindrical discharge part 14c, in addition, adopt following structure, wherein, separable component 14b, 14d flowing into the reception room 14c that is formed for accommodating unidirectional valve 14g between part 14a and the discharge unit 14c by being combined, described unidirectional valve comprises thrust piece 14f, described thrust piece is used for pushing flow into unidirectional valve member 14e to part 14a one side by being made of helical spring.
By providing unidirectional valve 14g for described spent fuel reclaims peristome 14, formed and be used for when use stops (non-use) and prevent the structure that enters such as foreign matters such as air, thereby can prevent that spent fuel from taking place to leak and splash from the spent fuel recovery section 15 of tanks portion 10.
In the present embodiment, owing to there is screw rod 40, the volume of the spent fuel accumulator tank (spatial portion) 15 forms by moving of piston 50 is less than the volume of the liquid fuel of discharge, but, owing to the propellant composition in the liquid fuel for example methyl alcohol be consumed along with electric energy produces, so this spatial portion can reclaim spent fuel fully.
At the fuel reservoir A that is used for fuel cell that so constitutes, by ratchet mechanism 36, outside cylindrical elements 31 can only be along a direction with respect to 31 rotations of tanks portion, in addition, in the present embodiment, maintain specific rank by the anglec of rotation with rotary manipulation spare 33, the liquid fuel F of fixed amount can be discharged from.In order to keep the aforementioned specific anglec of rotation, can adopt such structure, wherein, when being rotated operation with special angle, can feel that by ridge wheel mechanism 36 snap fastener moves at every turn.Aft bulkhead area by the pitch of rotary manipulation spare 33, screw rod 40, the notch quantity of ratchet mechanism 36 (ratchet mechanism 36 whenever revolves the cam quantity that need cross that obtains that turns around), tanks portion 10, the discharge capacity of the liquid fuel that each snap fastener is discharged is controlled (pitch of discharge capacity=screw rod * 1/ notch quantity * aft bulkhead area), and it preferably is set to 5 μ l to 10ml.
When described outside cylindrical elements 31 rotated with respect to tanks portion 10, inboard cylindrical elements 32 was with 31 rotations of outside cylindrical elements.In this case, screw rod 40 prevents rotation by jack 12, so screw rod 40 moves forward.As a result, be stored in liquid fuel F in the tanks portion 10 and promoted by piston and be fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, and the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is discharged from liquid fuel discharge portion 20 with unidirectional valve 28 with fixed amount.Be used to the spent fuel accumulator tank by the spatial portion 15 in the tanks portion 10 of dipper crowding gear 30 formation as previously mentioned.
The A of tanks portion that is used for fuel cell is connecting fuel cell main body N as shown in figure 38 removably and is being used.
That is to say, fuel cell main body N is provided with battery unit 60,60 shown in figure 32, and they are respectively to form by making up dielectric substrate 63 and make up air electrode layer 64 on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body 62 that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 63; Supply of fuel part 70, it is connecting described fuel reservoir A and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 80, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 70; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 60,60 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 70.Described fuel reservoir A comprises removable barrel structure, and has the structure on the supporting member 18 that is installed in fuel cell main body N.
Described fuel reservoir A by supporting member 18 and supply of fuel part 70 be installed in fuel cell main body N on.In this situation, if the surface free energy of each element is higher than the surface free energy of liquid fuel, then liquid fuel enters in the gap between the bound fraction easily, and the possibility of leak of liquid can improve.Therefore, the surface free energy of described each element preferably is controlled as the surface free energy that is lower than liquid fuel, be at least with wall that liquid fuel F contacts on.The method that is used for the control surface free energy comprises that the wall that contacts with liquid fuel to tanks portion 10 carries out water repulsion film formation processing, promptly applies the water repellents that is formed by silicone or fluorine resin.
As Figure 32 (a) with (b), each battery unit 60 has fuel electrode body 61, it comprises meticulous porous carbon column, the middle body of fuel electrode body has the breakthrough part 62 that is passed by supply of fuel part 70, and battery unit has such structure, be that dielectric substrate 63 is structured on the outer surface of described fuel electrode body 61, and air electrode layer 64 is structured on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 63.The electromotive force that each battery unit 60 of fuel cell produces is the about 1.2V of each battery unit in theory.
Fuel unit 60 can adopt the battery unit identical with described first aspect present invention.
Described supply of fuel part 70 has no particular limits, as long as it can insert in floss hole 24 of fuel reservoir A and have the infiltration structure that makes described fuel liquid can be fed to corresponding battery unit 60, the supply of fuel part comprises for example by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.According to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 60, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 70 with back fuel accumulator tank 80.In this case, if directly use back fuel directly to receive in the end of contact supply of fuel part 70, then do not have any problem with back fuel accumulator tank 80.Yet, with supply of fuel part 70 contacted bound fractions, can be provided with by what sliver, porous body or fibre bundle constituted and pass on body, to form with the back fuel discharge passage.
Be used to the reaction in the battery unit 60 of fuel cell by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 70 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 80, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 90 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel reservoir A with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 80, wherein, the liquid fuel of fixed amount is fed to each corresponding battery unit 60,60 by supply of fuel part 70 from fuel reservoir A reliably.
In the present embodiment, the end that inside is provided with the fuel recovery passage 95 of recovery tube is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank 80, so that from reclaiming residual liquid fuel with back fuel accumulator tank 80, the other end is connecting the described spent fuel that has unidirectional valve in inside and is reclaiming opening portion 14.
Capillary force with back fuel accumulator tank 80 is set to, fuel electrode body 61 and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 61 contacted supply of fuel parts 70＜usefulness back fuel accumulator tank 80, thus can be from being fed to each corresponding battery unit 60,60 and can not causing backflow with back fuel accumulator tank 80 with back fuel, and the liquid fuel that is not used to react is stored in the accumulator tank 80, to prevent to hinder reaction.
Described fuel recovery passage 95 is the streams that can produce the capillary force degree, and it is set to, fuel electrode body 61 and/or with the capillary force of the contacted supply of fuel part 70 of fuel electrode body＜with the capillary force of the capillary force of the receiving body＜fuel recovery passage 95 of back fuel accumulator tank 80, thus, can not cause backflow with back fuel, and the liquid fuel that is not used to react is stored in the accumulator tank 80, to prevent to hinder reaction.In addition, can form such structure, wherein use back fuel, comprise residual fuel, can be recovered to once more in the spatial portion 15 in the tanks portion 10.
In the fuel cell N that uses the fuel reservoir A that so constitutes, rotation by rotary manipulation mechanism 33, the liquid fuel F of fixed amount is fed to liquid fuel discharge unit 20 from fuel reservoir A, and is introduced in the battery unit 60,60 by the infiltration structure of supply of fuel part 70.
In this one side of the present invention,, can discharge the liquid fuel F of fixed amount by the anglec of rotation of rotary manipulation spare 33 in the fuel reservoir A of fuel cell is fixed on specific rank.In order to keep the specific anglec of rotation, adopted following structure, can by ridge wheel mechanism 36 feel when promptly being rotated operation with special angle at every turn and the snap fastener action therefore realize the fixed amount discharging easily.
In addition, in the structure that is adopted, after the liquid fuel F of fixed amount was fed to liquid fuel discharge portion 20, unidirectional valve 28 returned state shown in Figure 35 under the effect of thrust piece 27, entered tanks portion 10 to prevent foreign matters such as air.Like this, can prevent fuel leak and splash, and fuel cell can begin operation.
When utilizing fuel cell to produce electric energy, fuel is not by full consumption, and water or low concentration fuel produce with the form of spent fuel.In the present embodiment, spent fuel is stored in in the back fuel accumulator tank 80, reclaims opening portion 14 by fuel recovery passage 95 and spent fuel with unidirectional valve then and is recycled in the spent fuel accumulator tank (spatial portion) 15 that is produced by dipper crowding gear in the tanks portion 10.Be used for receiving the fuel of spent fuel to receive body can be contained in spent fuel accumulator tank (spatial portion) 15 in advance.
Spent fuel recovery opening portion 14, sealing ring 16 and piston 50 that spent fuel accumulator tank (spatial portion) 15 is had unidirectional valve hermetic seal, therefore, by moving forward the fuel of piston 50, be transformed into negative pressure in the spent fuel accumulator tank (spatial portion) 15 with the discharging fixed amount.Like this, fuel cell of the present invention has such structure, wherein spent fuel can reclaim opening portion 14 and by automatically from be recovered to the spent fuel accumulator tank (spatial portion) 15 by the dipper crowding gear generation the tanks portion 10 with back fuel accumulator tank 80 by fuel recovery passage 95 and the spent fuel with unidirectional valve, and does not need to provide pump or electromagnetically operated valve.
In the present invention, with light transmittance is 50% or above material and/or have one deck oxygen at least and isolate the material of resin bed and constitute tanks portion 10, thereby can improve storge quality, and make the user observe discharge capacity easily, serviceability further improves simultaneously.
In the fuel cell of formation like this of the present invention, liquid fuel is battery unit such as efficient provision quantitatively, and can not gasify, and do not need to provide pump, electromagnetically operated valve, be used for control device, discharge capacity transducer of controlling liquid fuel discharge amount etc., thereby obtain such fuel cell and the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell, wherein, automatically reclaimed easily with back fuel, and do not needed the spent fuel accumulator tank that provides independent.In addition, fuel cell can reduce size.
Therefore, in the fuel cell of aforementioned embodiments, the entire portion of fuel cell can be transformed into barrel, therefore a kind of undersized fuel cell is provided, it can be as the power supply such as portable electric appts such as mobile phone, notebook computers.
In addition, shown the example when two battery units 60 are used in the present embodiment, yet, connect the purposes that the quantity of the battery unit 60 of (serial or parallel connection) can fuel cell and increase, to obtain the electromotive force of expection.
The fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of seventh aspect present invention and fuel cell are not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
For example, for example, battery unit 60 has adopted cylinder form, but they also can have other shape, and is for example prismatic and tubular.They both can parallel connection also can be contacted and connect supply of fuel part 70.
In the above in the execution mode of Miao Shuing, the present invention explains in the mode of direct methanol fuel cell, yet, the present invention is not limited to previously described direct methanol fuel cell, as long as but meet the following conditions, be that fuel reservoir is the fuel reservoir of barrel type, it is connecting fuel cell main body removably and is being provided with the tanks portion that is used for storaging liquid fuel, be located at the tip of tanks portion and have the liquid fuel discharge portion of unidirectional valve and be located at liquid fuel dipper crowding gear in the tanks portion, and, be stored in that liquid fuel in the tanks portion is pushed forward by the liquid fuel dipper crowding gear and the liquid fuel of fixed amount is fed to the liquid fuel discharge portion, so that the liquid fuel of fixed amount is discharged from the liquid fuel discharge portion; The spatial portion 15 that is produced by dipper crowding gear in the tanks portion is used as the spent fuel recycling can, to be contained in the usefulness back fuel that was consumed in the fuel cell main body.The present invention can be applied to polymer membranous type fuel cell equally, comprises the recombinant type fuel cell.
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell of the sixth aspect present invention shown in Figure 33 can be used as another execution mode according to the fuel reservoir that is used for fuel cell of seventh aspect present invention, and the execution mode of the liquid fuel discharge unit of the sixth aspect present invention shown in Figure 34 also can be used.
In addition, fuel cell main body is by make up dielectric substrate on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body, and making up air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, yet, the structure of fuel cell main body is not limited thereto, on the contrary, fuel cell main body can adopt for example following structure, the carbonaceous porous body that wherein has conductivity is as host material, obtain battery unit by on host material, forming each electrode/electrolyte/electrode layer, or form assembly by connecting two or more described battery units, wherein liquid fuel is infiltrated up in the host material by the supply of fuel part, and the electrode surface that is formed on the host material outer surface is exposed in the air.
Figure 39 shows the fundamental mode of direct methanol fuel cell A (the following fuel cell that only is called), has shown the basic embodiment of eighth aspect present invention.
As shown in figure 39, described fuel cell A is provided with: fuel storage groove 10, and it is used for storaging liquid fuel; Battery unit 20,20, they each be respectively by making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate and the outer surface at dielectric substrate and form making up on the outer surface of the fuel electrode body that comprises meticulous carbonaceous porous body; Supply of fuel part 30, it is connecting described fuel storage groove 10 and is having the infiltration structure; And with back fuel accumulator tank 40, it is located at an end of described supply of fuel part 30; Described fuel cell has such structure, and promptly described each battery unit 20,20 is connected in series, and fuel is supplied in proper order by supply of fuel part 30.In addition, be provided with fuel feed passage 60, it is from extending to fuel storage groove 10 with back fuel accumulator tank 40.
Be used as the liquid fuel that is stored in the fuel storage groove 10 with used identical fuel in the previously described first aspect present invention.
In the present embodiment, the liquid fuel that comprises methanol solution is received by being placed in receiving among the body 10a that sliver, porous body or fibre bundle in the fuel storage groove 10 constitute.Receive body 10a to have no particular limits, as long as can receive liquid fuel; The body that receives that has same structure with the supply of fuel part of describing later 30 can be used.
The material of fuel storage groove 10 has no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example, and glass.With used identical in the previously described seventh aspect present invention.The structure of fuel storage groove 10 can adopt single layer structure and sandwich construction.
As Figure 39 (a) with (b), previously described each battery unit 20 as battery unit has fuel electrode body 21, it comprises meticulous porous carbon column, the middle body of fuel electrode body has the breakthrough part 22 that is passed by supply of fuel part 30, and battery unit has such structure, be that dielectric substrate 23 is structured on the outer surface of described fuel electrode body 21, and air electrode layer 24 is structured on the outer surface of dielectric substrate 23.The electromotive force that each battery unit 20 of fuel cell produces is the about 1.2V of each battery unit in theory.
In addition, be used as battery unit 20, therefore omit explanation it with used identical battery unit in the previously described first aspect present invention.
Described supply of fuel part 30 by pass on body 10b connecting be used for receiving the liquid fuel that is stored in fuel storage groove 10 receive body 10a.Described supply of fuel part 30 and receive body 10a to have no particular limits, as long as it can receive liquid fuel, and it can for example comprise by felt, sponge, the porous body that constitutes such as sintered bodies such as resin particle sintered body and resin fibre sintered bodies with capillary force, and one of comprise in the following material or two or the fibre bundle of more kinds of combinations: natural fiber, the animal hair fiber, the polyacetals resinoid, propylene resin, polyester resin, polyamide-based resin, the polyurethanes resin, polyolefin resin, polythylene resin, polycarbonate resin, the polyethers resin, the polyhenylene resinoid.If necessary, according to the liquid fuel amount that is fed to each battery unit 20, the porosity of described porous body and fibre bundle is selected aptly.
Be arranged in an end of supply of fuel part 30 with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and by constituting with described fuel storage groove 10 identical materials.Receive the body 40b that receives to be placed in accumulator tank 40 by porous body or fibre bundle being used for of constituting, and connecting an end of supply of fuel part 30 by passing on body 40a with back fuel.
Be used to the reaction in the battery unit 20 of fuel cell by the liquid fuel of supply of fuel part 30 supply, and because fuel duty is associated with fuel consumption, therefore have the liquid fuel that unreacted just is discharged into the battery unit outside hardly, so needn't be in fuel outlet side set handling system as traditional liquid fuel type fuel cell.On the contrary, what the present invention adopted is such structure, and when the fuel that is supplied for mode of operation was excessive, the liquid fuel that is not used to react can be stored in the accumulator tank 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.
The element of mark 50 expression comprises a web frame, its with fuel storage groove 10 with combine with back fuel accumulator tank 40, and the permission liquid fuel is fed to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 by supply of fuel part 30 reliably.
Fuel feed passage 60 is connecting described fuel storage groove 10, is used for to 10 supplies of fuel storage groove with back fuel, so that it is used as liquid fuel once more.Particularly, the supply of fuel part 60a that is made of porous body or fibre bundle that has same structure with supply of fuel part 30 is arranged in the fuel feed passage that is being connected with back fuel accumulator tank 40 and fuel storage groove 10, so that the residual fuel of the after-burning material accumulator tank 40 that reuses to use by oneself; And following structure is used, and promptly the end of supply of fuel part 60a is connecting with back fuel and receives body 40b, and the drippage spare 60b that is arranged in the other end introduces fuel storage groove 10.Fuel feed passage 60 is by making with fuel storage groove 10 identical materials.
In the present embodiment among the fuel cell A that so constitutes, receive the infiltration structure of liquid fuel by supply of fuel part 30 among the body 10a of receiving in being placed in fuel reservoir 10 under the effect of capillary force, to be introduced in the battery unit 20,20.
In the present embodiment, the body 40b that receives that is made of sliver, porous body or fibre bundle is placed in in the back fuel accumulator tank 40, to receive with back fuel.In this example, if receive body 40b directly to contact the end of supply of fuel part 30 directly to receive with back fuel, then do not have any problem, yet, with supply of fuel part 40 contacted bound fractions, can be provided with by what sliver, porous body or fibre bundle constituted and pass on body 40a, with formation lead to receive body 40b with the back fuel discharge passage.
In addition, in the present embodiment, at least be fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a), fuel electrode body 21 and/or with fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30, be set to back fuel accumulator tank 40 (the receiving body 40b) and the capillary force of fuel feed passage 60, the capillary force of fuel storage groove 10 (receiving body 10a)＜(pass on body 10b capillary force)＜fuel electrode body and/or with the capillary force of the contacted supply of fuel part 30 of fuel electrode body＜(pass on body 40a capillary force)＜with the capillary force of the capillary force＜fuel feed passage 60 (supply of fuel part 60a) of back fuel accumulator tank 40 (receiving body 40b), thus, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each corresponding battery unit 20 from fuel storage groove 10 continuously, 20 and can not cause and reflux and interrupt, when even fuel cell A is positioned in any state (angle) or turned upside down, and with the back fuel can be supplied in the fuel storage groove 10.
In fuel feed passage 60, be not provided with under the situation of supply of fuel part 60a, fuel feed passage 60 whenever is controlled to be the degree of the passage that can produce capillary force, and capillary force is set to, the fuel electrode body and/or with the capillary force of the contacted supply of fuel part 30 of fuel electrode body＜the receive capillary force of capillary force＜fuel feed passage 60 of body 40b, thereby will never reflux with back fuel, and the liquid fuel that is not used to participate in reaction can be stored in the reservoir vessel 40, to prevent to hinder reaction.In addition,, comprise residual fuel, can turn back to once more in the fuel reserve container 10 with back fuel.
In the present embodiment, as previously mentioned, the capillary force of each element in the fuel cell is set to, fuel receives the capillary force of capillary force＜fuel feed passage 60 (supply of fuel part 60a) of body 10a, therefore, if fuel receives body 10a to contact with fuel feed passage 60 or supply of fuel part 60a, fuel will receive body 10a to flow to fuel feed passage 60 or supply of fuel part 60a from material, thereby will never be back in the fuel storage groove 10 with back fuel.Therefore, importantly, do not adopt to make fuel receive body 10a and fuel feed passage 60 or the contacted structure of supply of fuel part 60a.In the present embodiment, employing be such structure, wherein, as shown in figure 39, be provided with drippage part 60b, be used for using the back fuel droplet to fall fuel storage groove 10.
In the present embodiment, be used for respective liquid fuel for example the strength of fluid transducer 70 of methyl alcohol can be arranged in fuel storage groove 10 or be arranged in fuel storage groove 10 receive body 10a, and with back fuel accumulator tank 40 or be arranged in and receive body 40b with back fuel accumulator tank 40.Like this, fuel can be used liquid fuel for example methyl alcohol no longer can produce the degree of electric energy, and can form such structure, promptly when reaching the concentration of this degree, the user is easily by finding exhaust (termination signal) of fuel from the instruction unit 71 of concentration sensor 70.
In addition, if described is free modular or inserted type with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank 40 and/or fuel storage groove 10 or fuel storage groove 40 and the fuel storage groove 10, then they can be removed, so fuel storage groove 10, change easily with back fuel accumulator tank 40 and the connecting portion between them.
In addition, lid to be opened/closed can be located at described with in back fuel accumulator tank 40 and/or the fuel storage groove 10, or is located at the connecting portion place between fuel storage groove 40 and the fuel storage groove 10, and this makes and can prevent to enter such as foreign matters such as dust.
In the fuel cell A of present embodiment, adopted such structure, wherein liquid fuel can be supplied and supply more glibly, and can not gasify, and do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser, therefore can reduce the size of fuel cell.
In addition, the supply of fuel part 30 with infiltration structure is connecting the end of fuel storage groove 10, with directly or by passing on body 10b to each cell of fuel cell 20,20 fuel supplying, can reduce to comprise the size of the fuel cell of a plurality of battery units thus.
Figure 41 shows the fuel cell B of second execution mode of eighth aspect present invention.In the execution mode of back, the parts that structure is identical and effect is identical among the fuel cell A of those of fuel cell and previously described first execution mode with Figure 39 in identical Reference numeral represent, and omit explanation to them.
The difference of fuel cell A in fuel cell B in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, as shown in figure 41, liquid fuel directly is stored in the fuel storage groove 10, collection body 15 is arranged in the bottom of fuel storage groove 10, with by passing on body 10b to supply of fuel part 30 supply fluid fuel, directly be stored in in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 with back fuel, the body 40b that passes on that is made of sliver, porous body or fibre bundle is located at and supply of fuel part 30 contacted connecting portions, and collection body 42 is located at and passes on the periphery of body 40b.
Collection body 15 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the fuel storage groove 10 liquid fuel because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel overflow that causes because of factors such as expansions is maintained in the gap of (between the fin) between collection part 15a, the 15a... in the collection body 15, and returns fuel storage groove 10 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.
In addition, collection body 45 have with the straight liquid type writing utensil in the identical structure of parts used, and prevent from directly to be stored in the liquid fuel in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 because of atmospheric pressure and variations in temperature excessive emissions to supply of fuel part 30, and can adopt such structure, wherein the liquid fuel that refluxes easily is maintained in the gap between collection part 45a, the 45a... in the collection body 45, and returns with back fuel accumulator tank 40 from collection body after getting back to common atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Collection body 14 and 45 material have no particular limits, as long as it has at the storage stability that is stored in liquid fuel wherein, durability, and it can comprise metal for example aluminium and stainless steel, and synthetic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG for example.Synthetic resin for example polypropylene, polyethylene and PETG is preferred especially, and its can adopt traditional forming technique for example injection moulding or light chisel technology make, to form complicated shape.In addition, stand individual layer spare that extrusion operation obtains by stacked,, form collection body thus to replace the collection part that aforementioned injection moulding or light chisel technology are made by the film that makes synthetic resin.
The important point is, the surface free energy of described collection body 15 and collection body 45 is arranged to be higher than the surface energy with the back liquid fuel, and this has strengthened collection body by with the wetting wetability of back liquid fuel, to improve the ability that keeps with the back liquid fuel.The surface free energy of collection body can be controlled by plasma treatment, ozone treatment, surface modifier processing etc. usually.
The same with the situation of fuel cell A in aforementioned first execution mode, in the fuel cell B of second execution mode, the capillary force of body 40b of passing on is configured to, fuel electrode body 21 and/or with the capillary force of the capillary force of fuel electrode body 21 contacted supply of fuel parts 30＜pass on body 40b, thus, can not be back to each corresponding battery unit 20,20 with back fuel from fuel storage groove 40, and the liquid fuel that is not used in reaction can be stored in the fuel storage groove 40, is obstructed to prevent reaction.
In addition, be provided with fuel feed passage 60, and supply of fuel part 60a is located in it and is connecting fuel storage groove 10 so that reuse the fuel that remains in in the back fuel accumulator tank 40.In the present embodiment, receive body not to be located at in the back fuel accumulator tank 40 with back fuel, this point is different from first execution mode, therefore, flow channel in supply of fuel part 60a and the fuel feed passage 60 can be provided, and need not consider the capillary force of supply of fuel part 30.
In addition, in second execution mode, be used for respective liquid fuel for example the strength of fluid transducer 70 of methyl alcohol can be arranged in fuel storage groove 10 or with back fuel accumulator tank 40.Like this, fuel can be used liquid fuel for example methyl alcohol no longer can produce the degree of electric energy, and can form such structure, promptly when reaching the concentration of this degree, the user finds exhausting of fuel by the instruction unit 71 from concentration sensor 70 easily.
Figure 42 and 43 shows the fuel cell C of the 3rd execution mode of eighth aspect present invention.
The difference of fuel cell A in fuel cell C in the present embodiment and previously described first execution mode is, have high conductivity and can utilize capillary force to receive porous carbon to be used as battery support such as liquid fuels such as methanol aqueous solutions, and each electrode/electrolyte/electrode layer is established in its surface, to form battery unit.In the above-described embodiment, liquid fuel is infiltrated up to top from the bottom.
In the fuel cell C of above-mentioned execution mode, as shown in figure 43, carbonaceous porous body with conductivity is used as host material 25, four battery units 29 are respectively to wait each layer (MEA) to prepare by form electrode (fuel electrode) 26/ electrolyte, 27/ electrode (air electrode) 28 that has with the aforementioned first execution mode same structure on the surface of host material 25, and described battery unit is connected in series.
The carbonaceous porous body that is used as host material 25 in the present embodiment has conductivity, and as the permeating medium of liquid fuel and gas and the bearing part of fuel (following only be called every characteristic).Its material has no particular limits, as long as possess top characteristic, and comprises for example amorphous carbon, the compound of amorphous carbon and powdered carbon, isotropism high density carbon forming materials body, carbon fiber system paper formed body, active carbon forming body.Consider the easness of mouldability, cost and acquisition expection physical characteristic, it preferably is made of the compound of amorphous carbon or amorphous carbon and powdered carbon.
Amorphous carbon fire carbonization yield rate when obtaining be 5% or more than, and be at least a acquisition that is selected from the following raw material by firing: thermoplastic resin, for example polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated vinyl chloride resin class, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate ester copolymer, thermosetting resin, for example phenol resin, furane resins, imide resin class, epoxy resin, and natural polymer modulus material, for example cellulose, gum arabic.
Powdered carbon comprises and for example is selected from least a in following one group of material: graphite, and by the pitch that the further destructive distillation of tarry material is obtained, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbonaceous mesophase spherules.
The compound of described amorphous carbon and powdered carbon is to obtain like this, promptly based on total amount, the controlled amorphous carbon material of the particle diameter of 50 to 100 weight % mixes with the powdered carbon of 0 to 50 weight %, under 700 ℃ or above temperature mixture is carried out carbonization treatment then in inert atmosphere.
In order advantageously to represent aforementioned every characteristic, the preferred average pore size of carbonaceous porous body as host material 25 is 1 to 100 μ m, porosity is 10 to 85%, and its intensity that preferably has the liquid infiltration property (function of infiltration liquid) that obtains because of capillarity and be enough to keep self shape.In the present embodiment, what adopted is that average pore size is 20 μ m, and porosity is 55%, and has the liquid infiltration property that obtains because of capillarity and be enough to keep the intensity of self shape.
Preferably, what adopted is that average pore size is 5 to 70 μ m, and porosity is 20 to 70%, and has the liquid infiltration property that obtains because of capillarity.
If aforementioned average pore size (1 to 100 μ m) and porosity (10 to 85%) drop on outside the described scope, the shortcoming of then bringing be influence conductivity, as the permeating medium of liquid fuel and gas and as the bearing part of fuel, therefore do not wish so.
The host material that is obtained can be further processed, and for example air oxidation, electrochemical oxidation etc. are to strengthen liquid infiltration performance.
Have aforementioned every characteristic and have and expect that the carbonaceous porous body 25 in continuous hole can be made like this, wherein, the particle of previously described hot-melt resin is devoted in the mould with arbitrary shape, makes their fusings by heating, in inert atmosphere they is fired then.Carbonaceous porous body with the continuous hole of expection also can be made like this, wherein, to mixing and mix as the resin of bond with as the graphite of powdered carbon, mixture is pulverized and granulation, put it in the mould with arbitrary shape, so that it is pressed, in inert atmosphere, it is fired then.
Carbonaceous porous body as host material 25 adopts writing board shape as shown in figure 43 in the present embodiment, and has aforementioned every characteristic on the whole.Host material 25 at least the part have conductivity and/or at least the part comprise the carbonaceous porous body.
The battery unit 29 of present embodiment can followingly form, wherein, dielectric film 27 is clipped between fuel electrode 26 and the air electrode 28, this fuel electrode is to obtain by apply Pt-Ru/C on the surface of the host material 25 with aforementioned every characteristic, and this air electrode is by applying the Pt/C catalyst and utilizing hot press that it is suppressed and make on sheet carbonaceous porous body.
As Figure 43 (a) with (b), described battery unit 29 is provided with pore element 35, and it has air and flow of liquid through hole 36,36..., is used to outgas and quickens the infiltration of liquid fuel on the upper surface of host material 25.
Utilization is configured to the aforementioned electric pool unit 29 of barrel type, can improve the attended operation efficient between battery unit 29 and the electrical connector, and, improve battery performance thus by making space cavityization between the battery unit increase the convection current and the diffusion velocity of air or liquid fuel.
In the present embodiment, described battery unit 29,29... are installed on the supply of fuel keeper 32, and the latter is connecting by supply of fuel part 30 and receives body 10a in the liquid fuel accumulator tank 10, thereby the interval between each battery unit is by equalization.By providing about equal intervals of 1 to 20mm at described each battery unit 29,29..., between battery unit the air of convection current and diffusion or fuel flow and concentration can homogenizing, thereby can realize the stabilisation of the output of the homogenizing of output of each battery unit and fuel cell.To obtain high output in order upgrading, can suitably to utilize small-sized fans and make Forced Air Convection by air.
In the fuel cell C that constructs as mentioned above, adopted such structure, promptly realize the infiltration of liquid fuel, and the electrode surface that forms on the outer surface is exposed to air by the carbonaceous porous body of each battery unit 29.Liquid fuel can be as shown in Figure 4 forward, backward or the side direction infiltration, no matter each battery unit vertically is level, vertically or tilt.Like this, liquid fuel can be stablized and directly be fed to each battery unit 29 from liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 continuously, and can not cause and splash, and can produce electric energy thus.
By a plurality of described battery units are arranged, can the expansion electrode area, to increase the electric energy output density of per unit volume.By they are arranged, so that the gap maintains between the battery unit, as shown in figure 42, can be with described gap with acting on the passage of supplying air.
In the present embodiment, adopted such structure, wherein, comprise that interim use fuel storage groove 42 that the fuel that is used to receive with back fuel receives body is connecting pore element 35, the 35... of battery unit 29 upper ends by supply of fuel part 60a, spent fuel directly returns fuel and receives body 10a.
The same with the situation of fuel cell A in aforementioned first execution mode, in the fuel cell C of present embodiment, the capillary force of each element of fuel cell is configured to, fuel receives the capillary force of capillary force＜fuel feed passage 60 (supply of fuel part 60a) of body 10a, therefore, if fuel receives body 10a directly to contact with fuel feed passage 60 or supply of fuel part 60a, then fuel can receive body 10a to flow to fuel feed passage 60 or supply of fuel part 60a from fuel, thereby will never be back in the fuel storage groove 10 with back fuel.Therefore, importantly, do not adopt to make fuel receive body 10a and fuel feed passage 60 or the contacted structure of supply of fuel part 60a.In the present embodiment, employing be such structure, wherein, supply of fuel part 60a is provided with drippage part 60b, the fuel that is used for using the back fuel droplet to fall fuel storage groove 10 receives body 10a.
In the fuel cell C of above-mentioned execution mode, carbonaceous porous body with conductivity is used as host material 25, and adopted following structure, wherein, each battery unit 29 is respectively to wait each layer to prepare by form electrode 26/ electrolyte 27/ electrode 28 on the surface of host material 25, and described battery unit is installed on the keeper 32, so that liquid fuel is infiltrated up in the host material 25, and the electrode surface that is formed on the outer surface of host material 25 is exposed to air.Host material 25 is used as permeating medium, the battery support of electrode collector, liquid fuel or gas, and is stored in liquid fuel in the fuel storage groove 10 and is introduced in the battery unit 29 by impregnation and is used for producing electric energy.
In the present embodiment, host material 25 has afore-mentioned characteristics, promptly has conductivity, and is used as the permeating medium and the battery support of liquid fuel or gas.Therefore, liquid fuel can not leak into the outside, no matter and fuel cell C be vertically or horizontal setting, liquid fuel can both stablize and directly be fed to battery unit 29 from liquid fuel accumulator tank 10 continuously, and can not occur interrupting.
In the fuel cell C of present embodiment, since used by the carbonaceous porous body constitute, have the required conductivity of electrode collector, as the permeating medium and the battery support of liquid fuel or gas, so may just not need to have adopted spacer, and do not need to use special auxiliary implement for example pump, hair-dryer, propellant gasifier, condenser.Therefore, formed such structure, wherein, utilized no longer occupied space as gas or liquid fuel convection current and diffusion place, liquid fuel can be supplied glibly, and can not gasify.Like this, fuel cell can reduce size, and can obtain to reuse easily the fuel cell with the back liquid fuel.
In the present embodiment, major part as the surface of the host material 25 of porous supporting member can be used as electrode, and the porous carbon of host material 25 also is used as the collector body of fuel electrode simultaneously, thereby the electrical connection between the battery unit realizes in their end easily.
In addition, in the present embodiment, be used for respective liquid fuel for example the strength of fluid transducer 70 of methyl alcohol can be arranged in fuel storage groove 10 or be arranged in fuel storage groove 10 receive body 10a, and with back fuel accumulator tank 40 or be arranged in and receive body 40b with back fuel accumulator tank 40.Like this, fuel can be used liquid fuel for example methyl alcohol no longer can produce the degree of electric energy, and can form such structure, promptly when reaching the concentration of this degree, the user finds exhausting of fuel by the instruction unit 71 from concentration sensor easily.
Fuel cell of the present invention is not limited to previously described each execution mode, and can make the change of various degree in the scope of technological thought of the present invention.
For example, battery unit 20 has adopted cylinder form, but they also can have other shape, and is for example prismatic and tubular.They both can parallel connection also can be contacted and connect supply of fuel part 30.
In the above in the execution mode of Miao Shuing, the present invention explains in the mode of direct methanol fuel cell, yet, the present invention is not limited to previously described direct methanol fuel cell, as long as but meet the following conditions, be to connect a plurality of battery units in the fuel cell, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the outer surface of fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part is connecting the fuel reservoir that is used for storaging liquid fuel and is having the infiltration structure, or the fuel electrode body is connecting described each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, and an end of supply of fuel part is connecting with the back fuel reservoir; Wherein, can adopt such structure, promptly connect fuel reservoir, be supplied to fuel reservoir and can be used as liquid fuel once more with back fuel with the back fuel reservoir.The present invention can be applied to polymer membranous type fuel cell equally, comprises the recombinant type fuel cell.
Embodiment
Explain sixth aspect present invention and the 7th aspect below with reference to embodiment, but sixth aspect present invention and the 7th aspect are not limited to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell based on Figure 28 to 30 and Figure 33 is used.
Employed is liquid fuel F, tanks portion 10, and liquid fuel discharge unit 20, and liquid dipper crowding gear 30 constitute respectively in the following manner.
Liquid fuel:
The methanol aqueous solution of 10 weight %, charging quantity: 5ml.
Tanks portion 10:
Be made of pet resin, OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, light transmittance be 80% or more than, wall thickness: 1mm.
Liquid fuel discharge unit 20:
The material of separable upside element 23 and separable downside element 25: polypropylene, the material of unidirectional valve 26: polypropylene, thrust piece 27: helical spring, floss hole diameter: 2mm.
Liquid dipper crowding gear 30:
The material of outside cylindrical elements 31: polypropylene, the material of inboard cylindrical elements 32: polypropylene, the material of screw rod 40: ABS, the material of piston 50: silicon rubber.
Liquid fuel F is from discharging from floss hole 24 with fixed amount: the outside cylindrical elements 31 of rotary manipulation spare 33 revolves turn around (360 degree) discharges 0.1ml.
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell with above-mentioned structure is actually used.That is to say, verified, (there is not the liquid fuel discharging at the mark part 14 that a protuberance 31a is adjusted at as benchmark, discharge capacity is 0) situation under, the outside cylindrical elements 31 that rotates described rotary manipulation spare 33 can give off the liquid fuel of 0.0125ml from the floss hole 24 of liquid fuel discharge unit 20 next protuberance 31a is adjusted to the mark part 14 as benchmark.In addition, have been found that in above-mentioned rotary manipulation (emissions operation), can feel the snap fastener of ratchet mechanism 36; And confirm the discharge capacity of liquid fuel easily.In addition, verified, remain on hand at the fuel reservoir B that will be used for fuel cell, floss hole 24 is transferred to downwards, and about the shake, liquid fuel can not revealed.
Embodiment 2
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell based on Figure 35 to 37 and Figure 33 is used.
Employed is liquid fuel F, tanks portion 10, and liquid fuel discharge unit 20, and liquid dipper crowding gear 30 constitute respectively in the following manner.
Liquid fuel:
The methanol aqueous solution of 10 weight %, charging quantity: 5ml.
Tanks portion 10:
Be made of pet resin, OTR oxygen transmission rate (corresponding oxygen impermeability) is 100cc25 μ m/m 224hratm (25 ℃, 65%RH) or below, light transmittance be 80% or more than, wall thickness: 1mm.
Liquid fuel discharge unit 20:
The material of separable upside element 23 and separable downside element 25: polypropylene, the material of unidirectional valve 26: polypropylene, thrust piece 27: helical spring, floss hole diameter: 2mm.
Liquid dipper crowding gear 30:
The material of outside cylindrical elements 31: polypropylene, the material of inboard cylindrical elements 32: polypropylene, the material of screw rod 40: ABS, the material of piston 50: silicon rubber.
Liquid fuel F is from discharging from floss hole 24 with fixed amount: the outside cylindrical elements 31 of rotary manipulation spare 33 revolves turn around (360 degree) discharges 0.1ml.
The fuel reservoir B that is used for fuel cell with above-mentioned structure is actually used.That is to say, verified, (there is not the liquid fuel discharging at the mark part 14 that a protuberance 31a is adjusted at as benchmark, discharge capacity is 0) situation under, the outside cylindrical elements 31 that rotates described rotary manipulation spare 33 can give off the liquid fuel of 0.0125ml from the floss hole 24 of liquid fuel discharge unit 20 next protuberance 31a is adjusted to the mark part 14 as benchmark.In addition, have been found that in above-mentioned rotary manipulation (emissions operation), can feel the snap fastener of ratchet mechanism 36; And confirm the discharge capacity of liquid fuel easily.In addition, verified, remain on hand at the fuel reservoir B that will be used for fuel cell, floss hole 24 is transferred to downwards, and about the shake, liquid fuel can not revealed.
In addition, verified, by being that an end of the silicon rubber tubulation (length 100mm) of 2mm links to each other with the floss hole 24 of liquid fuel discharge unit 20 with internal diameter, making the other end and spent fuel reclaim peristome links to each other, rotate the liquid fuel of the outside cylindrical elements 31 of described rotary manipulation spare 33 with discharging 0.5ml then, liquid fuel is recycled in the spatial portion 15 of tanks portion 10.
Industrial applicibility
At fuel cell according to the present invention be used for the fuel reservoir of fuel cell, Liquid fuel can be stablized and directly supply from the fuel storage groove continuously, and the fuel electricity The pond can reduce size, thereby can be used as such as mobile phone, notebook computer, PDA Power supply Deng portable electric appts.

Claims (61)

1. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, wherein, the liquid fuel with capillary force that is made of porous body or fibre bundle receives body to be contained in the described liquid fuel accumulator tank, and the capillary force of described supply of fuel part or fuel electrode body is received the capillary force of body greater than described liquid fuel.
2. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described liquid fuel accumulator tank has removable barrel structure.
3. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, liquid fuel is continuously supplied to the supply of fuel part by passing on body from described liquid fuel accumulator tank, described pass on that body is made of porous body or fibre bundle and its capillary force greater than described liquid fuel receive the capillary force of body, less than the capillary force of described supply of fuel part or fuel electrode body.
4. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, liquid fuel is continuously supplied to the supply of fuel part by passing on body from described liquid fuel accumulator tank, described pass on that body is made of porous body and fibre bundle and its capillary force greater than described liquid fuel receive the capillary force of body, less than the capillary force of described supply of fuel part or fuel electrode body.
5. fuel cell as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, making the liquid fuel that infiltrates in described barrel structure be provided in the described fuel cell of supply of fuel part, the liquid fuel that infiltrates in described barrel structure is provided to the supply of fuel part by the liquid fuel conduit, this liquid fuel conduit is made by having visual transparent or semitransparent resin, and at least its with the contacted surface of liquid fuel on formation liquid fuel exclusion layer; See through the visible section be formed in the barrel structure visual observation liquid fuel conduit of assigning to, be detected by the signal that exhausts of the liquid fuel of barrel structure supply.
6. fuel cell as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the inwall of described viewable portion is provided with smooth and has the part of trickle degree of irregularity, is available for users to the indicating device that tracer liquid runs out of gas by making up above-mentioned part, providing.
7. fuel cell as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, is placed under the state of the position that is lower than described supply of fuel part in described barrel structure, and liquid fuel can be continuously supplied.
8. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described liquid fuel is colored.
9. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, usefulness back fuel accumulator tank is connecting an end of described supply of fuel part, and the barrel structure that described liquid fuel accumulator tank is had is used as with back fuel accumulator tank.
10. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
11. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, wherein, the liquid fuel with capillary force that is made of porous body and fibre bundle receives body to be contained in the described liquid fuel accumulator tank, and the capillary force of described supply of fuel part or fuel electrode body is received the capillary force of body greater than described liquid fuel.
12. fuel cell as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
13. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit forms by making up dielectric substrate and make up air electrode layer on the fuel electrode body on dielectric substrate, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, wherein, be used for liquid fuel is provided with collection body or valve from the organization of supply that the fuel storage groove is supplied to the supply of fuel part.
14. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described liquid fuel accumulator tank comprises removable barrel structure.
15. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
16. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than liquid fuel.
17. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that liquid fuel is continuously supplied to the supply of fuel part by passing on body from described liquid fuel accumulator tank, the described body that passes on is made of porous body or fibre bundle and has a capillary force.
18. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, usefulness back fuel accumulator tank is connecting an end of described supply of fuel part, and the barrel structure that described liquid fuel accumulator tank is had is used as with back fuel accumulator tank.
19. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, by pushing described liquid fuel accumulator tank or described supply of fuel part, described valve is opened, with the liquid fuel to supply of fuel part supply fixed amount.
20. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, by pushing described liquid fuel accumulator tank and described supply of fuel part, described valve is opened, with the liquid fuel to supply of fuel part supply fixed amount.
21. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described liquid fuel accumulator tank is the barrel structure with valve.
22. fuel cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
23. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the liquid fuel accumulator tank that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, describedly be provided with the body that passes on that constitutes and have capillary force by porous body or fibre bundle with back fuel accumulator tank, with will be with back fuel by passing on body to back fuel accumulator tank discharging, and except being passed on part the floss hole of body process by airtight sealing.
24. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body or fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel, this receives body to contact with the described body that passes on.
25. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body and fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel, this receives body to contact with the described body that passes on.
26. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described capillary force of passing on body is greater than the capillary force of described supply of fuel part.
27. fuel cell as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, the described capillary force of receiving body with back fuel is greater than described capillary force of passing on body.
28. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, is used for describedly receiving the discharging mechanism of body to be provided with collection body with back fuel accumulator tank with back fuel with being discharged into back fuel to be positioned at.
29. fuel cell as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
30. fuel cell as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than with the back liquid fuel.
31. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described is removable with back fuel accumulator tank.
32. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, but describedly is provided with open-close lid with back fuel accumulator tank.
33. fuel cell as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
34. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the liquid fuel accumulator tank that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, describedly be provided with the body that passes on that constitutes and have capillary force by porous body and fibre bundle with back fuel accumulator tank, with will be with back fuel by passing on body to back fuel accumulator tank discharging, and except being passed on part the floss hole of body process by airtight sealing.
35. fuel cell as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
36. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part that is connected with the liquid fuel accumulator tank that is used for storaging liquid fuel and has an infiltration structure is connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, adopted following structure, promptly be provided with the body that passes on that constitutes and have capillary force by porous body or fibre bundle, with will be with back fuel by passing on body to back fuel accumulator tank discharging, described with after the fuel accumulator tank be open type.
37. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body or fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel.
38. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body and fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel.
39. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, described capillary force of passing on body is greater than the capillary force of described supply of fuel part.
40. fuel cell as claimed in claim 37 is characterized in that, the described capillary force of receiving body with back fuel is greater than described capillary force of passing on body.
41. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, is used for describedly receiving the discharging mechanism of body to be provided with collection body with back fuel accumulator tank with back fuel with being discharged into the back liquid fuel to be positioned at.
42. fuel cell as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
43. fuel cell as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than with the back liquid fuel.
44. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, described is removable with back fuel accumulator tank.
45. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, but describedly is provided with open-close lid with back fuel accumulator tank.
46. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36, it is characterized in that, describedly be provided with minute opening portion with back fuel accumulator tank, described with back fuel accumulator tank inner surface and near the surface free energy the described minute opening portion be controlled as be lower than with after the free energy of liquid fuel.
47. fuel cell as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
48. fuel cell, wherein a plurality of battery units are connected, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on dielectric substrate forms, the supply of fuel part that is connected with the liquid fuel accumulator tank that is used for storaging liquid fuel and has an infiltration structure is connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, adopted following structure, promptly be provided with the body that passes on that constitutes and have capillary force by porous body and fibre bundle, with will be with back fuel by passing on body to back fuel accumulator tank discharging, described with after the fuel accumulator tank be open type.
49. fuel cell as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body or fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel.
50. fuel cell as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that, described with back fuel accumulator tank be provided with by porous body and fibre bundle constitute and have a capillary force receive body with back fuel.
51. fuel cell as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that, liquid fuel is to be selected from least a in following one group: methanol solution, dimethyl ether, formic acid, hydrazine, ammonia solution, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride aqueous solution.
52. fuel cell, wherein connecting a plurality of battery units, each battery unit is by make up dielectric substrate on the outer surface of fuel electrode body, and making up air electrode layer on the outer surface of dielectric substrate forms, wherein, the supply of fuel part or the described fuel electrode body that are connected with the fuel storage groove that is used for storaging liquid fuel and have an infiltration structure are connecting each battery unit with the supply liquid fuel, one end of supply of fuel part is connecting with back fuel accumulator tank, wherein, adopted following structure, promptly connecting described fuel storage groove with back fuel accumulator tank, and be provided to described fuel storage groove with back fuel, and can be used as liquid fuel once more.
53. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, described liquid fuel accumulator tank is provided with the concentration sensor of tracer liquid fuel concentration.
54. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, one passes on body is arranged on described with in the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the described fuel storage groove.
55. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, one passes on body is arranged on describedly with in the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the described fuel storage groove, in addition, also is provided with a collection body.
56. fuel cell as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that, described collection body is made by injection moulding or light chisel, and perhaps described collection body is made of individual layer spare.
57. fuel cell as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that, the surface free energy on the surface of described collection body is controlled as the free energy that is higher than with the back liquid fuel.
58. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, and is described with back fuel accumulator tank or described fuel storage groove, or with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, is removable.
59. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, and is described with back fuel accumulator tank and described fuel storage groove, or with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, is removable.
60. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, and is described with back fuel accumulator tank or described fuel storage groove, or with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, but be provided with open-close lid.
61. fuel cell as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, and is described with back fuel accumulator tank and described fuel storage groove, or with the connecting portion between back fuel accumulator tank and the fuel storage groove, but be provided with open-close lid.
CNB2005800097415A 2004-02-02 2005-02-02 Fuel battery and fuel storage for fuel battery Expired - Fee Related CN100511808C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP025648/2004 2004-02-02
JP025650/2004 2004-02-02
JP2004025647A JP4716658B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2004-02-02 Direct methanol fuel cell
JP025647/2004 2004-02-02
JP025651/2004 2004-02-02
JP025649/2004 2004-02-02
JP314108/2004 2004-10-28
JP341576/2004 2004-11-26
JP369786/2004 2004-12-21

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