CN100510764C - Method and device for searching fault point of electric wire and cable - Google Patents
Method and device for searching fault point of electric wire and cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN100510764C CN100510764C CNB2006101033830A CN200610103383A CN100510764C CN 100510764 C CN100510764 C CN 100510764C CN B2006101033830 A CNB2006101033830 A CN B2006101033830A CN 200610103383 A CN200610103383 A CN 200610103383A CN 100510764 C CN100510764 C CN 100510764C
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Abstract
Disclosed are a method and a device for positioning broken points in cables and wires. The method employs the distributing capacity of the cables to be detected itself to position broken points via measuring current phase shift in cables. The inventive device comprises a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter sends searching signal to circuit to be detected, the receiver receives searching signal along the detected cables and searches the phase shift value of signal current, compares phase shift value to judge broken point sites.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point, especially can be with the method and the device of earth point and the accurate location of swinging cross point.
At present, known method and the device of searching electric wire and cable grounding and swinging cross point has following several:
First kind is the tracking signal intensity method.To the signal of searching that is sent alternation by line inspection bar, bar along the line is then followed the tracks of by receiver and is received this signal, judges the trouble spot by the variation of comparison signal intensity by transmitter.For example: transmitter is stronger to signal intensity between the trouble spot, cross the trouble spot after intensity die-off.But this method only is applicable to the low-impedance earthed system and the swinging cross (being dead ground connection, dead swinging cross) of minority.And most high resistance ground and swinging cross since lines over the ground between distributed capacitance and line distributed capacitance to the leakage current of searching signal leakage current, so change in signal strength is little before and after the trouble spot much larger than the trouble spot high resistant.For underground cable, cable laying depth also will directly influence received signal intensity, so can't come accurate fault location point with received signal intensity.
Second kind of pulse-echo echo method.This method only is applicable to cable.Search instrument and look into heart yearn to quilt and send a pulse signal, this signal wave is propagated to terminal along heart yearn, if be hampered anti-sudden change in the way, as broken string, short circuit, swinging cross, ground connection etc., then will produce reflection echo signal.The time of returning according to this reflected signal, the speed (velocity of wave) propagated in heart yearn of binding signal ripple can calculate the trouble spot distance again.For example: velocity of wave be multiply by again divided by two apart from equaling the echo reflection time in the trouble spot.But this method also only is applicable to the low-impedance earthed system and the swinging cross of minority, and for most high resistance ground and swinging cross, because the lines impedance variation is little, the echo reflection signal is too little, can't distinguish and is difficult to the location.In addition, even if low-impedance earthed system that minority can be surveyed or swinging cross, this method is just bigness scale also, and what it calculated is cable length apart from degree, will have than mistake apart from degree length with ground reality, and this is caused by factors such as cable laying camber and reserve levels.So this method is difficult to accurate fault location point.
The third is bridge method or parameter value method.This method also only is applicable to cable.Measure resistance or the parameter of heart yearn with electric bridge or parameter list, be scaled distance according to cable data again to the trouble spot.This method only is adapted at minority ground connection and swinging cross resistance to be stablized constant and not to have under the situation that other power supplys disturb and use, and is extremely unsettled for most high resistance grounds and its resistance of swinging cross, and has interference current to exist in the earth, thereby causes finishing measurement.In addition, even can measure the quiet earth of minority and swinging cross and to calculate distance, also cable length just, and have than mistake with ground actual range length, this is caused by factors such as cable laying camber and reserve levels, so the accurate fault location point of this method.
The 4th kind is effluve audition method.This method also only is applicable to cable.In looking into heart yearn, quilt sends high-voltage pulse by high pressure generator, this high pressure warp bar insulation bad place disruptive discharge, strong discharging sound will be sent, receive this discharge sound wave and combination discharge electric wave with acoustic detecting apparatus, because the two velocity of propagation difference, can judge the trouble spot distance according to the time interval of receiving both, the sound wave and the electric wave time interval are the trouble spot for point of discharge the most nearby.This method can only be applied to searching of high voltage power cable ground connection and swinging cross, can't use for low-voltage cable, may cause the damage of cable.Even if for high-tension cable, because the interference of outside noise and search the restriction of experience also is difficult to accurate fault location point.
In sum, searching the method for electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point and device at present, to be not easy to accurate fault location point, especially high resistance ground and swinging cross or ground connection and swinging cross resistance unstable or the trouble spot of big external interference arranged.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point, it can not only accurately be located low-impedance earthed system and swinging cross, and can or have the trouble spot of big external interference accurately to locate to high resistance ground and swinging cross or ground connection and swinging cross resistance instability.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is to be solved by such method: utilize by the distributed capacitance of line inspection bar self, come the fault location point by the variation of searching marking current phase shift on the lines diverse location.By transmitter to by line inspection bar and the earth or mutually the swinging cross bar constitute sew to send in the loop and search signal, by receiver along by line inspection bar received signal.Because by the existence of line inspection bar distributed capacitance and leak resistance, searching marking current with respect to searching signal voltage is being different by the phase shift on the line inspection bar diverse location, by transmitter to distal direction to the leakage point, phase shift reduces gradually, phase shift at the leakage point place is all littler than its elsewhere, promptly is partial to most resistive null value, cross the leakage point after, phase shift meeting sudden change becomes big, so just can accurately locate the leakage point place.Also can in being arranged, the electric line of branch judge accurately the trouble spot is in which branch with this method, because the electric current phase shift that has in the branch of trouble spot will be all littler than the phase shift in other branches, promptly be partial to most resistive null value, just the branch of decidable tape jam point thus, continue to search along this branch, until finding the trouble spot.
In addition, can also judge and search current direction by searching the electric current phase-shift value, when the electric current phase shift is between 0 °～90 °, current direction is a forward, and when the electric current phase shift surpassed 90 °, current direction was reverse, make a determination easily by circuit, the available then sense of hearing or visual signal indicate, promptly available auditory tone cues, also available light emitting diode indication or the like.Along by line inspection bar backtrack search, compare to determine the trouble spot by the current direction indication,, all can accurately be located no matter then be the leakage point in simple electric line distribution or the complicated netted electric line distribution by searching the electric current phase-shift value.
The device that utilizes said method to search electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point is like this design: this device is made up of transmitter and receiver, and transmitter produces searches the AC sine wave that signal comprises lower frequency and send main wave voltage ripple and by the main wave voltage ripple of transmission the wave voltage ripple is assisted in the transmission of upper frequency carrier modulation; The main wave voltage ripple of transmission is added to the loop of being looked into of sewing produce the main ripple current wave of transmission; Send main ripple current wave and can produced different phase shifts by line inspection bar diverse location with respect to sending main wave voltage ripple; Transmitter will send auxilliary ripple signal and send receiver to, form after the amplification filtering demodulation with the main wave voltage ripple of the transmission auxilliary ripple of the reception of homophase frequently together and separate harmonic; Receiver forms and sends the reception main wave voltage ripple of main ripple current wave with the frequency homophase along received the main ripple current wave of transmission by line inspection bar after amplification filtering; This is received main wave voltage ripple and receives auxilliary ripple and separate harmonic and send into phase-comparison circuit and carry out bit comparison mutually, can draw both phase difference values, just send main ripple current wave with respect to the phase-shift value that sends main wave voltage ripple; Bar along the line is measured comparison to the each point phase-shift value, can accurately judge and sew branch and the leakage point.
The auxilliary wave voltage ripple of the transmission that transmitter produced can be by the amplitude modulation type transmission auxilliary wave voltage ripple of the main wave voltage ripple of the transmission of lower frequency to the modulation of upper frequency carrier amplitude.
The auxilliary wave voltage ripple of the transmission that transmitter produced can also be by the frequency modulation type transmission auxilliary wave voltage ripple of the main wave voltage ripple of the transmission of lower frequency to the modulation of upper frequency carrier frequency.
Sender to receiver transmits and sends auxilliary ripple signal, can adopt to be superimposed upon to send on the main wave voltage ripple to send in sewing the loop simultaneously, and receiver is along the mode that is received by line inspection bar.
Sender to receiver transmits and sends auxilliary ripple signal, also can adopt wireless mode to send, and receiver receives with wireless mode.
Sender to receiver transmits auxilliary ripple signal, also can adopt wired designated lane mode to transmit, and transmits and receives with a transfer wire between transmitter and receiver.
Receiver can receive with the clamp of inductive coil such as belt coil and search signal.
When searching the underground cable the leakage point, the electrode of the also available contact the earth of receiver such as metal are inserted the brazing filler metal receipts and are searched signal.
Be used to judge that the electric current phase-shift value of the leakage point can be indicated by visual signal, as light belt, as the numeral, indicate as pointer.
The electric current phase-shift value that is used to judge the leakage point can also be by circuitry stores, is calculated and relatively by circuit, provides indicator signal after judging the trouble spot automatically.
By the electric current phase-shift value also decidable search current direction, and the available sense of hearing and visual signal indicate, and as auditory tone cues, indicates as light emitting diode.
Adopt said method and device, utilize by the distributed capacitance of line inspection bar self, by the comparison of electric current phase-shift value, when searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point,, can both find the trouble spot accurately no matter be low-resistance or the ground connection of high resistant and swinging cross, method is simple and practical, and apparatus structure is simple.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is that the inventive method is searched trouble spot principle schematic on the single line bar.
Fig. 2 is that the inventive method is searched trouble spot principle schematic on branch's lines.
Fig. 3 is that the inventive method is searched underground cable trouble spot principle schematic.
Fig. 4 is that apparatus of the present invention are searched trouble spot embodiment synoptic diagram.
Among Fig. 1, L is the single line bar that has ground connection or mix line fault point X, trouble spot leak resistance R
X, the distributed capacitance of both sides, trouble spot lines equivalence respectively is C
1, C
2Send voltage source U and send the low-frequency ac sine-wave current if add one, so the D electric current I of ordering to sewing the loop at the D point
D=I
C1+ I
C2+ I
RX, electric current character is capacitive+resistive, the leading U Φ of phase place
DAngle, and 0 °＜Φ
D＜90 °, the electric current I that E is ordered
E=I
C2+ I
RX, electric current character is capacitive+resistive, the leading U Φ of phase place
EThe angle, but because of I
EValue compares I
DBe worth little I
C1Value, the capacity current value diminishes with the ratio of current in resistance property value, so Φ
E＜Φ
D, and 0 °＜Φ
E＜90 °, owing to be even distributed capacitance, so Φ
DTo Φ
EProgressively reduce, when crossing trouble spot X to F and put, the electric current I that F is ordered
F=I
C2, be pure capacity current, the leading U90 of phase place °, Φ
F=90 °, compare electric current phase-shift value Φ
E＜Φ
D＜Φ
F, and X point electric current phase-shift value is partial to resistive null value most, is the trouble spot so can judge the X point at once.Also we can say, along by line inspection bar by transmitting terminal when the marking current phase shift is searched in distal direction measurements, phase-shift value is during by the big value of micromutation, this puts is the leakage point, as the point of the X among the figure.
In Fig. 2, L
1, L
2, L
3Be respectively three branches of node Y, have only L
2The leakage point Z is arranged in the branch, and leak resistance is R
Z, the distributed capacitance equivalence in each branch is C, when by L
1Branch road adds searches signal voltage source U, and when far-end was searched, G place current phase lead angle was Φ by transmitting terminal
G, 0 °＜Φ
G＜90 °, look into to node Y place branch road and be divided into L
2And L
3, measure L respectively
2The electric current phase shift of branch road I place is Φ
I, L
3The electric current phase shift at branch road H place is Φ
H, relatively the phase-shift value size of three branch roads is respectively Φ
I＜Φ
G＜Φ
H, Φ
IMinimum promptly more is partial to resistive null value than the phase shift of other branch roads, that is to say L
2The ratio minimum of the capacity current value in the branch road and current in resistance property value, then the leakage point is just at L
2On the branch road, should continue along L
2The Zhi Luxiang far-end is searched, and abandons L
3Branch road.Until the leakage point of finding on the single line bar.When along L
2Look into point, can find the ascending sudden change of Z point both sides phase-shift value, Φ to Z
KΦ
J, then decidable Z point is a leakage point.
In Fig. 3, L
4Be underground cable, certain heart yearn is sewed ground connection at the W point, and leak resistance is R
W, W point both sides distributed capacitance over the ground are C.Add one at heart yearn top and send voltage source U, send the low-frequency ac sine-wave current, measure leakage current I to sewing the loop
RAt ground resistance R
GroundOn potential difference (PD) U
RAnd distributed capacitance leakage current I
CAt ground resistance R
GroundOn potential difference (PD) U
C, just can draw the electric current phase-shift value of each point on the cable pathway, the place of being partial to resistive null value in phase shift most is the earth point place.Also can judge in conjunction with current direction, because the leakage current divergent shape diffusion spherical in shape that in the earth is the center of circle with the leak source, so the current direction of being surveyed on the leakage point face of land all is around the sensing of the center of circle with the leakage point correspondence position, if for watching conveniently, but the people is for putting upside down the current direction indication, then just in time become the sensing the leakage point and become the indication of the leakage point direction, we can say so as certain point on the land cable pathway, this point is all pointed in the leakage point direction indication all around, and when resistive null value all was partial in the electric current phase shift, this point was the relative position of underground the leakage point.
Fig. 4 is for searching trouble spot embodiment, lines L
5On high resistant the leakage point Q is arranged, leak resistance is R
QWhen searching, the output line of transmitter (1) added to sew the loop, in the loop, send and search signal, search signal and send main wave voltage ripple (5) by lower frequency simple alternating current ripple and sent main wave voltage ripple (5) and the amplitude modulation type of upper frequency carrier amplitude modulation is sent auxilliary wave voltage ripple (6) or sent main wave voltage ripple (5) and the frequency modulation type of upper frequency carrier frequency modulation is sent assist wave voltage ripple (7) and form.Send main wave voltage ripple (5) and in lines, form transmission main ripple current wave (8), owing to distributed capacitance C and leak resistance R in the lines
QExistence, sending main ripple current wave (8) is different with the phase differential that sends main wave voltage ripple (5) on the lines diverse location, sends main wave voltage ripple (5) Φ in advance at the M place main ripple current wave of transmission (8)
M, be Φ at the N place
N, be Φ at the P place
P, and Φ
N＜Φ
M＜Φ
PIn order to measure this different phase-shift value, transmitter (1) is also wanted to transmit to receiver (2) simultaneously to send auxilliary wave voltage ripple (6) or (7), promptly may be superimposed on and send main wave voltage ripple (5) and go up in the loop, to send simultaneously to form and send auxilliary ripple current wave and receive by receiver (2), also can transmit with wireless mode separately, receiver (2) receives with wireless mode, and also available wire directly transmits.Receiver (2) edge is searched signal with inductive coil (3) as the clamp reception of belt coil by line inspection bar, will acquisition receive main wave voltage ripple (9) after the feeble signal amplification filtering, itself and the main ripple current wave of transmission (8) frequency homophase together; The auxilliary ripple signal that receiver (2) receives forms the auxilliary ripple of reception through demodulation and separates harmonic (10), it and the main wave voltage ripple of transmission (5) frequency homophase together, to receive auxilliary ripple and separate harmonic (10) and receive main wave voltage ripple (9) and send into phase-comparison circuit and carry out bit comparison mutually, both phase differential promptly are the phase shifts that the main ripple current wave of transmission (8) sends main wave voltage ripple (5) relatively.The electric current phase shift of M place is Φ
M, the phase shift of N place is Φ
N, the phase shift of P place is Φ
P, and Φ
N＜Φ
M＜Φ
PPress the leakage point analytic curve (11) analysis, the electric current phase shift is reduced gradually by transmitting terminal to Q place, and is all littler than its elsewhere in the phase shift of Q place, promptly is partial to most resistive null value.Cross the sudden change of Q point back and become big, there be resistive sewing in decidable Q place, and the Q point is a leakage point.For ease of watching, phase-shift value can indicate with different forms, or striation or numeral or pointer indication or the like.Also can be in intelligence instrument with its value storage, the participation circuit calculates and relatively, provides the trouble spot indicator signal after the differentiation automatically.
To searching of underground cable the leakage point, except that can using above-mentioned method of searching the electric wire the leakage point, go back the avaivable electrode method and search.By transmitter (1) to sew the loop send search marking current after, receiver (2) is separated by as the plug in pricker of metal with two electrodes (4) along the cable pathway and is inserted in the earth, directly receive the potential difference (PD) that the cable the leakage point forms on ground resistance to the leakage current of the earth spherical diffusion, and compare to determine the leakage point by current direction and electric current phase-shift value.Have only current direction by any to around spread diffluence, and the diffusion the electric current phase shift all be partial to most resistive null value, this puts pairing underground cable place is the leakage point.
Claims (16)
1, a kind of method of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point is characterized in that: transmitter (1) generation is searched signal and is comprised that the AC sine of lower frequency sends main wave voltage ripple (5) and by sending main wave voltage ripple (5) the wave voltage ripple assisted in the transmission of upper frequency carrier modulation; To send main wave voltage ripple (5) adds to the loop of being looked into of sewing and produce to send main ripple current wave (8), the distributed capacitance of electric wire and cable self is looked in utilization, sends main ripple current wave (8) with respect to sending main wave voltage ripple (5) and is being looked into electric wire and the cable diverse location can produce different phase shifts; Transmitter (1) will send auxilliary wave voltage ripple and send receiver (2) to, form after the amplification filtering demodulation with the main wave voltage ripple of transmission (5) the auxilliary ripple of the reception of homophase frequently together and separate harmonic (10); Receiver (2) is received transmission main ripple current wave (8) along looking into electric wire and cable, forms and send the reception main wave voltage ripple (9) of main ripple current wave (8) with the frequency homophase after amplification filtering; This is received main wave voltage ripple (9) and receives auxilliary ripple and separate harmonic (10) and send into phase-comparison circuit and carry out bit comparison mutually, can draw both phase difference values, just send main ripple current wave (8) with respect to the phase-shift value that sends main wave voltage ripple (5); Electric wire is looked on the edge and cable is measured comparison to the each point phase-shift value, can accurately judge and sew branch and the leakage point.
2, a kind of device that uses method described in the claim 1 to search electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point, it is made up of transmitter (1) and receiver (2), and the signal of searching that transmitter (1) produces comprises that the AC sine of lower frequency sends main wave voltage ripple (5) and by sending main wave voltage ripple (5) the wave voltage ripple assisted in the transmission of upper frequency carrier modulation; To send main wave voltage ripple (5) adds to the loop of being looked into of sewing and produce to send main ripple current wave (8); Send main ripple current wave (8) and looked into electric wire and the cable diverse location can produce different phase shifts with respect to sending main wave voltage ripple (5); Transmitter (1) will send auxilliary wave voltage ripple and send receiver (2) to, form after the amplification filtering demodulation with the main wave voltage ripple of transmission (5) the auxilliary ripple of the reception of homophase frequently together and separate harmonic (10); Receiver (2) is received transmission main ripple current wave (8) along looking into electric wire and cable, forms and send the reception main wave voltage ripple (9) of main ripple current wave (8) with the frequency homophase after amplification filtering; This is received main wave voltage ripple (9) and receives auxilliary ripple and separate harmonic (10) and send into phase-comparison circuit and carry out bit comparison mutually, can draw both phase difference values, just send main ripple current wave (8) with respect to the phase-shift value that sends main wave voltage ripple (5); Electric wire is looked on the edge and cable is measured comparison to the each point phase-shift value, can accurately judge and sew branch and the leakage point.
3, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: the auxilliary wave voltage ripple of the transmission that transmitter (1) is produced is by the amplitude modulation type transmission auxilliary wave voltage ripple (6) of the main wave voltage ripple of the transmission of lower frequency (5) to the modulation of upper frequency carrier amplitude.
4, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: the auxilliary wave voltage ripple of the transmission that transmitter (1) is produced is by the frequency modulation type transmission auxilliary wave voltage ripple (7) of the main wave voltage ripple of the transmission of lower frequency (5) to the modulation of upper frequency carrier frequency.
5, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: transmitter (1) transmits to receiver (2) and sends auxilliary wave voltage ripple, employing is superimposed upon the main wave voltage ripple of transmission (5) and upward sends in sewing the loop simultaneously, and receiver (2) is along being looked into the mode that electric wire and cable receive.
6, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: transmitter (1) transmits to receiver (2) and sends auxilliary wave voltage ripple, adopts wireless mode to send, and receiver (2) receives with wireless mode.
7, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: transmitter (1) transmits to receiver (2) and sends auxilliary wave voltage ripple, adopt wired designated lane mode to transmit, transmit and receive with a transfer wire between transmitter (1) and receiver (2).
8, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: receiver (2) receives to search with inductive coil (3) and sends main ripple current wave (8).
9, search the device of electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: described inductive coil be clamp with inductive coil (3).
10, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: when searching the underground cable the leakage point, receiver (2) receives transmission main ripple current wave (8) with the electrode (4) of contact the earth.
11, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 10, it is characterized in that: described electrode (4) is plugged in pricker for metal.
12, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: be used to judge that the electric current phase-shift value of the leakage point is indicated by visual signal.
13, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 12, it is characterized in that: visual signal is light belt, numeral or pointer.
14, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: the electric current phase-shift value that is used to judge the leakage point is by circuitry stores, calculated and relatively by circuit, provides indicator signal after judging the trouble spot automatically.
15, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: judge by the electric current phase-shift value and search current direction, and indicate with the sense of hearing and visual signal.
16, according to the device of searching electric wire and Method of Cable Trouble Point described in the claim 15, it is characterized in that: described visual signal is designated as the light emitting diode indication.
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| CNB2006101033830A CN100510764C (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2006-07-24 | Method and device for searching fault point of electric wire and cable |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101033830A CN100510764C (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2006-07-24 | Method and device for searching fault point of electric wire and cable |
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| CN100510764C true CN100510764C (en) | 2009-07-08 |
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| CN101446616B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2012-07-04 | 田振国 | Method for finding fault point of cable or pipeline and device thereof |
| WO2012049294A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Abb Research Ltd | Fault direction parameter indicator device using only current and related methods |
| CN102207533A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-05 | 陕西化建工程有限责任公司 | Method for searching fault of power cable |
| CN105445622B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-06-25 | 武汉精伦电气有限公司 | A kind of resistance algorithm method based on prediction phase-shifting technique improvement |
| CN107271854B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2023-08-29 | 北京航天光华电子技术有限公司 | Dual-redundancy equipotential cable network mixed wire testing device and testing method |
| CN110667383A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-01-10 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Monitoring system for detecting high-voltage circuit of vehicle and vehicle |
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