CN100508605C - Method for compressing video data and associated device - Google Patents
Method for compressing video data and associated device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100508605C CN100508605C CN 200410045930 CN200410045930A CN100508605C CN 100508605 C CN100508605 C CN 100508605C CN 200410045930 CN200410045930 CN 200410045930 CN 200410045930 A CN200410045930 A CN 200410045930A CN 100508605 C CN100508605 C CN 100508605C
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Abstract
A method for compressing video data containing plurality of frames each of which containing plurality of macro blocks, said method containing calculating the complexity of macro block in unary of frame, calculating the usable digit according to the complexity of said macro block in unary and macro block in last frame, calculating quantization coefficient of said macro block, then compressing macro block of said unary.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and relevant apparatus of compressed video data, particularly a kind of method of video coding system compressed video data and relevant apparatus.
Background technology
In video coding system, especially at the limited environment of communication bandwidth, for example: (Plain Old Telephone Service, POTS), during communication medium such as wireless transmission, bit rate control (rate control) is crucial problem to the application phone line.
Generally speaking, the major function of bit rate control is that the data bit rates that makes video encoder export can meet the bandwidth constraints of communication medium by the quantization parameter in the control of video encoder (coefficient of quantizer).Bit rate control can be divided into two levels, first frame level (framelevel), secondly is macroblock level (macroblock level).In the control of the bit rate of frame level, the figure place that a purpose frame that is about to encode/compress can dispose is that the type (for example intra, inter or bi-directional) that depends on this purpose frame reaches data buffering zone state at that time.In the bit rate control of macroblock level, be by the optimal dose coefficient that changes each macro block in this purpose frame, so that the result behind this purpose frame coding can meet the figure place of expection.
For the bit rate control that makes macroblock level can be more accurate, people such as Ribas-Corbera are in IEEETransaction on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.9, No.1, " the Rate Control in DCT Video Coding for Low-DelayCommunication " that February 1999 is delivered proposed a kind of bit rate control method based on lagrange's method of multipliers (Lagrange Multiplier).Preceding at coding one frame (frame), earlier all macro blocks (macroblock) in this frame are carried out Displacement Estimation (motion estimation), and all macro blocks of predicting this frame carry out remaining aggregated error value behind the bit shift compensation, with as the pairing complexity of this frame.Then, utilize the mode of finding the solution of lagrange's method of multipliers, calculate the optimal quantization coefficient of each macro block (macroblock) in this frame respectively.
Yet, because the bit rate control methods that the people proposed such as Ribas-Corbera before coding one frame, must all be carried out Displacement Estimation to all macro blocks in this frame earlier, so required operand is very huge.In addition, video coding system also need use a large amount of memories, keeps in the pairing motion vector of each macro block (motion vector) in this frame.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, one of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of compressed video data, can effectively reduce the complexity of computing and reduce the use amount of memory.
A kind of method of compressed video data is provided in the embodiments of the invention, and this video data includes a plurality of frames, and each frame all includes a plurality of macro blocks, and this method includes:
Calculate the complexity of a purpose macro block in the purpose frame;
According to the complexity of this purpose macro block, this purpose frame before this purpose macro block of compression available figure place and a former frame in the complexity of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position calculate the available figure place of this purpose macro block;
According to the available figure place of this purpose macro block, calculate a quantization parameter of this purpose macro block; And
Compress this purpose macro block according to this quantization parameter.
A kind of video compression device is provided in the embodiments of the invention, is used for compressing a video data that includes a plurality of frames, wherein, respectively this frame all includes a plurality of macro blocks, and this video compression device includes:
One complexity calculator is used for calculating the complexity of a purpose macro block in the purpose frame;
One Storage Media is coupled in this complexity calculator, is used for storing the complexity of a plurality of macro blocks in the former frame;
One bit rate controller, be coupled in this complexity calculator and this Storage Media, in order to according to the complexity of this purpose macro block, this purpose frame before this purpose macro block of compression available figure place and this former frame in the complexity of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position, calculate the available figure place of this purpose macro block, and produce a quantization parameter; And
One video compressing module is coupled in this bit rate controller, is used for compressing this purpose macro block according to this quantization parameter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram after a video data is simplified.
Fig. 2 is the video compression schematic representation of apparatus of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the video compression device of Fig. 2 according to one first bit rate controlling models compressed video data.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the video compression device of Fig. 2 according to one second bit rate controlling models compressed video data.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that the video compression device of Fig. 2 switches an embodiment who uses two kinds of bit rate controlling models.
The reference numeral explanation
100 video datas
102,104 frames
110,120,130,140 fragments
112,114,116,122,124 macro blocks
126、132、134、136、142、144、146
200 video compression devices
210 complexity calculators
220 Storage Medias
230 bit rate controllers
240 video compressing modules
Embodiment
It is schematic diagram after a video data is simplified that Fig. 1 illustrates.Video data 100 comprises a frame (frame) 102 and a frame 104, each frame all has N macro block (macroblock), as 112,114,116,122,124,126,132,134,136,142,144,146 etc., and the macro block of the N in each frame can be divided into M fragment (slice), as 110,120,130,140 etc., so the macro block number in each fragment is W=N/M.
Please refer to Fig. 2, it illustrates the video compression schematic representation of apparatus into one embodiment of the invention.Video compression device 200 comprises a complexity (complexity) calculator 210, a Storage Media 220, a bit rate controller 230 and a video compressing module 240.On real the work, Storage Media 220 can be realized with a buffer (buffer) or a volatile storage.In order to reduce the required operand of compression process, video compression device 200 can't calculate indivedual complexities of all macro blocks in this frame earlier when compression one frame, but before the macro block of will encoding by the time/compress, just calculate the complexity of this macro block.To be example below, the method for compressed video data of the present invention will be described with the process of a purpose macro block 142 in the video compression device 200 coding/condensed frames 104.Wherein, for convenience of description for the purpose of, hypothesis goal macro block 142 is an i macro block in the frame 104.
Fig. 3 illustrate is the flow chart of video compression device 200 according to the first bit rate controlling models (rate model) compressed video data of one embodiment of the invention.Division is as follows now for its each step:
At first, in step 302, the complexity calculator 210 of video compression device 200 can calculate the complexity of purpose macro block 142.As previously mentioned, complexity calculator 210 can carry out Displacement Estimation (motion estimation) to macro block 142, and predicted macroblock 142 carries out remaining error amount behind the bit shift compensation, is used as macro block 142 pairing complexity S (i).On real the work, complexity calculator 210 can be realized with a Displacement Estimation and compensation (motion estimation and compensation) device, and in present embodiment, be to add up (sum of absolute differences, SAD) square the calculating of minimum value as complexity S (i) with Error Absolute Value.
Then, in step 304, bit rate controller 230 can be according to the complexity S (i) of macro block 142, the available figure place R (i) when coming calculation code/compressed macroblocks 142.Generally speaking, between frame 104 and the adjacent former frame 102, can have similar characteristic usually, comprise the distribution situation of each macro block complexity in the frame.So bit rate controller 230 in step 304, is a complexity of utilizing corresponding macro block in the former frame 102, the available figure place R (i) when coming calculation code/compressed macroblocks 142.For example in Fig. 1, the complexity S (i+1) that the macro block 144 in the frame 104 is not tried to achieve as yet is the complexity S with corresponding macro block 124 in the frame 102
P(i+1) replace, the complexity of macro block 146 then replaces with the complexity of the macro block in the frame 102 126, by that analogy.So the available figure place R (i) during coding/compressed macroblocks 142 can be expressed as:
Wherein, Rr is for before the coded macroblocks 142,104 surplus figure places that can be used to carry out image texture (texture) coding of frame; And SP (k) is the complexity for k macro block in the frame 102.
On real the work, video compression device 200 can be in the process of condensed frame 102, and the complexity of each macro block in the frame 102 is temporary in the Storage Media 220, carries out the computing of step 304 for bit rate controller 230.Thus, when calculating the available figure place R (i) of purpose macro block 142 according to formula (1), just do not need to try to achieve earlier the complexity of the macro block (as macro block 144,146 or the like) behind the macro block 142, and then can significantly reduce required operand.
In addition, formula (1) only is the embodiment that bit rate controller 230 of the present invention calculates the available figure place R (i) of purpose macro block 142.On real the work, according to notion of the present invention, bit rate controller 230 also can calculate R (i) according to following formula (2):
Then, in step 306, bit rate controller 230 can calculate a quantization parameter Q (i) of purpose macro block 142 according to the available figure place R (i) of the purpose macro block 142 that is calculated in the step 304.In the present embodiment, bit rate controller 230 is the quantization parameter Q (i) that calculate purpose macro block 142 according to following formula:
Wherein, the setting of K value and adjustment mode are known by those who familiarize themselves with the technology, so do not repeat them here.
In addition, because the amplitude of variation of the quantization parameter of front and back two macro blocks has certain limit usually, therefore, the Q (i) that is tried to achieve according to formula (3) needs through revising.With the Moving Picture Experts Group-2 is example, and the amplitude of variation of the quantization parameter of front and back two macro blocks can not be outside [2,2].Therefore, in step 306, bit rate controller 230 can be revised the quantization parameter of purpose macro block 142 in addition according to following formula:
Q′(i)＝saturate(Q(i-1)+saturate(Q(i)-Q(i-1)，-2，2)，1，31)(4)
Wherein, Q (i-1) is the quantization parameter of the last macro block 136 of purpose macro block 142, and Q ' is purpose macro block 142 revised quantization parameters (i), and y=saturate (x, a, b) equation be representative if x＜during a, y=a then; If x〉b, then y=b; Otherwise y=x.
Next, video compressing module 240 can carry out step 308, the action that the quantization parameter Q ' of the purpose macro block 142 that is transmitted according to bit rate controller 230 (i) encodes/compresses purpose macro block 142.After the 142 coding/compressions of purpose macro block are finished, just can draw the purpose macro block 142 real coding figure place R ' that use (i).
In order to keep the accuracy of the first above-mentioned bit rate controlling models, in step 310, video compression device 200 can according to the coding figure place R ' of purpose macro block 142 (i), quantization parameter Q ' (i) and complexity S (i) upgrade the parameter of this first bit rate controlling models in the bit rate controller 230, for example Rr, K value or the like, this one more new element be to know for those who familiarize themselves with the technology extensively knows, so do not give unnecessary details.
At last, carry out step 312, judge after purpose macro block 142, whether to also have macro block to need compression,, then to stop the flow process of video compression if do not have.In the present embodiment, 200 actions that can repeat abovementioned steps 302 to 310 of video compression device to next macro block 144.
Please refer to Fig. 4 (simultaneously with reference to figure 1).Fig. 4 is the flow chart of video compression device 200 according to the second bit rate controlling models (rate model) compressed video data of one embodiment of the invention.Being convenient and understanding, below is that example illustrates with the process of coding/compression purpose macro block 142 equally, and hypothesis goal macro block 142 is an i macro block of frame 104 equally, and its affiliated purpose fragment (slice) 140 is a j fragment of frame 104.Division is as follows now for each step of Fig. 4:
At first, before coding purpose fragment 140, bit rate controller 230 can carry out step 402 earlier, calculates the available figure place R of purpose fragment 140
S(j).Generally speaking, because the complexity distribution scenario of adjacent two fragments in the same frame is very approaching usually, therefore, bit rate controller 230 can utilize total complexity S of all macro blocks in the last fragment 130
S(j-1), the total complexity S that replaces all macro block the unknowns in the purpose fragment 140
S(j).And utilize the complexity S of corresponding fragment in the former frame 102
SPReplace and be positioned at after the purpose fragment 140, still the complexity of uncoded other fragments.In the present embodiment, bit rate controller 230 is to calculate R according to following formula
S(j):
Wherein, Rr is for before the coding purpose fragment 140,104 surplus figure places that can be used to carry out image texture (texture) coding of frame; And S
SP(h) be total complexity for all macro blocks of h fragment in the frame 102.
Then, in step 404, complexity calculator 210 can calculate the complexity S (i) of purpose macro block 142.Its mode is identical in fact with abovementioned steps 302, does not give unnecessary details now.
In step 406, bit rate controller 230 is according to the complexity S of purpose macro block 142 (i) equally, calculates its available figure place R (i).Precisely because computing is as follows:
Wherein, RSr (j) is for before the coded macroblocks 142, purpose fragment 140 surplus available figure place; SP (k) then is similarly the complexity of k macro block in the frame 102.In the present embodiment, because purpose macro block 142 is first macro block of purpose fragment 140, so RSr (j) can equal R
S(j).In like manner, in another embodiment, formula (6) also can be revised as:
Be with the difference of abovementioned steps 304, in step 406, the available figure place R (i) of purpose macro block 142 is to multiply by the branch rate of the complexity S (i) of macro block 142 to the total complexity of residue macro block in the purpose fragment 140 by the available figure place RSr (j) surplus the purpose fragment 140 under it.Such account form can make the bit rate change after video compression device 200 of the present invention compresses slighter.
Following step 408 to 410, with aforesaid step 306 to 308 identical in fact, so repeat no more.And step 412 and abovementioned steps 310 are also very similar, and difference only is that step 412 upgraded a parameters R Sr (j) more, that is the purpose fragment surplus available figure place.
Then, carry out step 414.Finish if all macro blocks of purpose fragment 140 have all compressed, then carry out step 416.If also have other macro blocks to need compression in the purpose fragment 140, then video compression device 200 can repeat the action of abovementioned steps 404 to 412 to next macro block (for example macro block in the present embodiment 144).
At last, in step 416, whether video compression device 200 can also have other fragments to need compression in the judgment frame 104, if do not have, then stops the flow process of video compression; If have, then video compression device 200 can repeat the action of abovementioned steps 402 to 414 to next fragment.
Aforementioned two kinds of bit rate controlling models respectively have its advantage, and for example, when video compression device 200 used the first bit rate controlling models, the video quality after the compression was good when using the second bit rate controlling models usually.On the other hand, when video compression device 200 used the second bit rate controlling models, the standard deviation (that is amplitude of fluctuation) of the bit rate change after the compression was little when using the first bit rate controlling models usually.Therefore, the aforementioned two kinds of bit rate controlling models of the also changeable use of video compression device 200 of the present invention are to obtain video quality after the compression and the balance between the bit rate change degree.
Fig. 5 illustrate is switched the flow chart of an embodiment who uses two kinds of bit rate controlling models into video compression device 200.Division is as follows now for its each step:
In step 502, video compression device 200 can one default bit rate controlling models, for example aforesaid first, second bit rate controlling models or other bit rate controlling models, all macro blocks in the purpose of the encoding fragment 140.
After all macro blocks in the purpose fragment 140 have all been finished coding/compression, carry out step 504, whether also have other fragments to need compression in the judgment frame 104, if do not have, then stop the flow process of video compression; If have, then carry out step 506 and 508.
In step 506, bit rate controller 230 can testing goal fragment 140 and the similitude Cs of last fragment 130 on complexity.For example, in the present embodiment, bit rate controller 230 is to calculate in purpose fragment 140 and the last fragment 130, and the absolute value sum of the complexity difference of corresponding macro block is used as the similitude Cs of two fragments, and its arithmetic expression is as follows:
On the other hand, in step 508, bit rate controller 230 can testing goal fragments 140 with former frame 102 in similitude Cf on the complexity of relative fragment 120.For example: in the present embodiment, bit rate controller 230 is to calculate in purpose fragment 140 and the fragment 120, and the absolute value sum of the complexity difference of corresponding macro block is used as the similitude Cf of two fragments, and its arithmetic expression is as follows:
Then, in step 510, bit rate controller 230 can compare the size of Cs and Cf, with corresponding fragment 120 in last fragment 130 on the approaching same frame 104 of the complexity of judging macro block in the purpose fragment 140 or the former frame 102.
In the present embodiment, if Cf greater than (or equaling) Cs, represents the complexity distribution scenario of each macro block in the purpose fragment 140 near the fragment in the former frame 102 120.So next video compression device 200 can carry out step 514, according to the aforesaid first bit rate controlling models, all macro blocks in next fragment (not shown) of the purpose fragment 140 of encoding/compress.Otherwise, if Cf less than Cs, then represents the complexity distribution scenario of each macro block in the purpose fragment 140 near last fragment 130.Therefore, next video compression device 200 can carry out step 512, according to aforesaid second controlling models, and all macro blocks in next fragment of the purpose fragment 140 of encoding/compress.
Thus, use the disclosed two kinds of bit rate controlling models in front by switching, video compression device 200 of the present invention not only can significantly reduce required operand, and the video quality after can accurately controlling the bit rate after the compression and taking into account compression.And it is noted that, the account form of aforementioned Cs and Cf only for one embodiment of the invention not to exceed.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to claim of the present invention change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. the method for a compressed video data, this video data includes a plurality of frames, and each frame all includes a plurality of macro blocks, and this method includes:
Calculate the complexity of a purpose macro block in the purpose frame;
According to the complexity of this purpose macro block, this purpose frame before this purpose macro block of compression available figure place and a former frame in the complexity of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position calculate the available figure place of this purpose macro block;
According to the available figure place of this purpose macro block, calculate a quantization parameter of this purpose macro block; And
Compress this purpose macro block according to this quantization parameter.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein, calculate this purpose macro block and can be ratio according to the complexity sum of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position in the complexity of this purpose macro block and this former frame with the step of figure place, and this purpose frame calculates the available figure place of this purpose macro block in the available figure place of compression before this purpose macro block.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein, calculate this purpose macro block and can be ratio according to the complexity sum of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position in the complexity of this purpose macro block and this purpose macro block and the former frame with the step of figure place, and this purpose frame calculates the available figure place of this purpose macro block in the available figure place of compression before this purpose macro block.
4. the step of the method for claim 1, wherein calculating the quantization parameter of this purpose macro block is according to the available figure place of this purpose macro block and the quantization parameter of a last macro block, calculates a quantization parameter of this purpose macro block.
5. the step of the method for claim 1, wherein calculating the available figure place of this purpose macro block includes in addition:
Calculate the available figure place of the affiliated purpose fragment of this purpose macro block.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, this step of calculating the available figure place of this purpose macro block is the complexity of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and the available figure place of this purpose fragment in this purpose fragment in the complexity, former frame according to this purpose macro block, calculates the available figure place of this purpose macro block.
7. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of the available figure place of the purpose fragment under this purpose macro block of this calculating includes in addition:
According to the total complexity and the residue available figure place of this purpose frame before this purpose fragment of compression of all fragments after this purpose fragment relevant position and this position in the complexity of last fragment in this purpose frame, the former frame, calculate the available figure place of this purpose fragment;
Wherein the complexity of each fragment is the complexity sum of a plurality of macro blocks in this fragment.
8. the method for claim 1 is first macro block of its affiliated purpose fragment as if this purpose macro block wherein, and this method includes in addition:
Detect one first fragment and the similitude of one second fragment on complexity respectively, and this first fragment and the similitude of one the 3rd fragment on complexity; And
According to the result that similitude detects, judge whether to calculate the available figure place of this purpose fragment;
Wherein, this first fragment is the last fragment for this purpose fragment in this purpose frame, and this second fragment is the last fragment for this first fragment in this purpose frame, and the 3rd fragment is a fragment that corresponds to this first fragment in the former frame for this purpose frame.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it includes in addition:
If the similitude of this first fragment and this second fragment is lower than the similitude of this first fragment and the 3rd fragment, then according to the ratio of the complexity sum of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position in the complexity of this purpose macro block and the former frame, and this purpose frame calculates the available figure place of this purpose macro block in the available figure place of compression before this purpose macro block.
10. video compression device is used for compressing a video data that includes a plurality of frames, and wherein, respectively this frame all includes a plurality of macro blocks, and this video compression device includes:
One complexity calculator is used for calculating the complexity of a purpose macro block in the purpose frame;
One Storage Media is coupled in this complexity calculator, is used for storing the complexity of a plurality of macro blocks in the former frame;
One bit rate controller, be coupled in this complexity calculator and this Storage Media, in order to according to the complexity of this purpose macro block, this purpose frame before this purpose macro block of compression available figure place and this former frame in the complexity of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position, calculate the available figure place of this purpose macro block, and produce a quantization parameter; And
One video compressing module is coupled in this bit rate controller, is used for compressing this purpose macro block according to this quantization parameter.
11. video compression device as claimed in claim 10, wherein this bit rate controller is the ratio according to the complexity sum of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position in the complexity of this purpose macro block and this purpose macro block and the former frame, and this purpose frame calculates the available figure place of this purpose macro block in the available figure place of compression before this purpose macro block.
12. device as claimed in claim 10, wherein, calculate this purpose macro block and can be ratio according to the complexity sum of all macro blocks after this purpose macro block opposite position and this position in the complexity of this purpose macro block and the former frame with the step of figure place, and this purpose frame calculates the available figure place of this purpose macro block in the available figure place of compression before this purpose macro block.
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| CN102238382B (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2013-09-25 | 联咏科技股份有限公司 | Bit rate control method and device for image compression |
| CN102231825B (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-04-24 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Bite rate control method and apparatus thereof |
| CN101977309B (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-07-25 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Code rate control method and device thereof |
| US10057599B2 (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2018-08-21 | Mediatek Inc. | Method for performing image processing control with aid of predetermined tile packing, associated apparatus and associated non-transitory computer readable medium |
| CN107087169B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2019-11-12 | 建荣半导体（深圳）有限公司 | A kind of compression method, UVC video equipment and electronic equipment |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| MPEG-2视频编码流的码率变换技术的研究. 王建松，俞斯乐.通信学报，第20卷第5期. 1999 |
| MPEG-2视频编码流的码率变换技术的研究. 王建松，俞斯乐.通信学报，第20卷第5期. 1999 * |
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