CN100506364C - Method for preparing fluorinated polyimide film for separating arene/alkane through permeating and steaming - Google Patents
Method for preparing fluorinated polyimide film for separating arene/alkane through permeating and steaming Download PDFInfo
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- CN100506364C CN100506364C CNB2007101177333A CN200710117733A CN100506364C CN 100506364 C CN100506364 C CN 100506364C CN B2007101177333 A CNB2007101177333 A CN B2007101177333A CN 200710117733 A CN200710117733 A CN 200710117733A CN 100506364 C CN100506364 C CN 100506364C
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Abstract
A fluorine-containing polyimide membrane preparation method for separation of infiltration vaporization aromatic hydrocarbon/alkane belongs to the infiltration vaporization aromatic membrane separation technical field. The prior polyimide membrane must carry out the crosslinking to restrict the swelling, with complex disposal process. The invention includes 1) synthesis of the fluorine-containing polyimide: the diamine monomer is added to the solvent on the condition of nitrogen and mixing and is then fully dissolved; after that, the dianhydride monomer 6FDA is added to carry out the polycondensation for 12 through 18 hours; after that, the acetic anhydrite and the triethylamine are added for the imidization reaction, and the final outcome is deposited in the water, which is dried for reserve; 2) preparation of the casting solution is as following: the uniform casting solution is dissolved in the solvent, filtrated and defoamed; 3) membrane scraping: the membrane is formed by flow casting on the glass plate. The fluorine-containing polyimide uniform membrane can be obtained after the solvent is volatile after 2 through 3 hours and dipped in the water for 1 through 2 hours. The invention has the advantages of simple process, good heat and chemical stability, mechanical performance of the selected material, and good separation effect.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method who can be used for the fluorinated polyimide film of infiltration evaporation aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separation, belong to the infiltrating and vaporizing membrane separation technology field.
Background technology:
Infiltration evaporation, or claim pervaporation (Pervaporation is called for short PV), be to be used for a kind of new membrane technology that liquid (gas) body mixture separates.It is under the promotion of component vapor partial pressure in liquid mixture, utilize the different realization separating process of component by dense film dissolving and diffusion velocity, its outstanding advantage is the task of separating that can be difficult to realize with low conventional methods such as energy consumption realization distillation, extraction and absorption.In the infiltration evaporation The Application of Technology, the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane system is one of challenging problem of tool, all significant in environmental protection and Chemical Manufacture: from the environmental protection angle, the volatilization of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene pollutes the environment in the fuel oil, the harm public health; From the Chemical Manufacture angle, in the cracking ethylene preparation process, the aromatic component in the naphtha not only can not be converted into alkene, also can coking influence heat transmit, thereby has only the arene content that reduces in the naphtha, could guarantee higher production efficiency.In addition, the thick product of many important chemical is aromatic hydrocarbons/paraffins mixture, also needs to reach product index by separation and purification.
At present, the method that industrial aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separation is taked usually is azeotropic distillation, extracting rectifying and three kinds of technologies of liquid-liquid extraction, these traditional handicrafts all ubiquity energy consumption big, the cost of investment height, the flow process complexity must add shortcomings such as auxiliary reagent and input concentration be range limited.The infiltration evaporation technology can be to closely boiling or the azeotropic system is separated effectively, and do not introduce other reagent in its operating process, and clean energy-saving is easy and simple to handle, remedied the shortcoming of traditional handicraft.
The main functional element of infiltration evaporation process is a film, and the performance of estimating infiltrating and vaporizing membrane mainly contains two indexs, the i.e. permeation flux of film and selectivity.
1) permeation flux, its definition is:
In the formula, M is the penetrating fluid quality that penetrates film; A is a membrane area, m
2T is the operating time, h; J is a permeation flux, kg/ (m
2H) or g/ (m
2H).
2) separation factor alpha, its definition is:
In the formula, A represents the penetrated preferably component; Y
AWith Y
BBe respectively the molar fraction of A and two kinds of components of B in penetrant; X
AWith X
BBe respectively the molar fraction of A and two kinds of components of B in the feed liquid.
Because infiltrating and vaporizing membrane both can be prepared into the dense film of homogeneous, also can make composite membrane, and the thickness of composite membrane was difficult to accurate mensuration, therefore, was the through performance of more different films, the transmission rates (kg/m of J=film commonly used
2H) * value of thickness (μ m) characterizes.
The infiltration evaporation of aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separates that early stage research institute adopts mostly be nonpolar membrane materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene (as KucharskiM, et al, Int.Chem.Eng.1967,7:618), the flux ratio of these films is bigger, but poor selectivity.After research in, also there are many materials to be used, such as cellulose acetate, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol and polyallylamine copolymer or metallo-chelate, halo polyurethane or the like, the flux of these materials is bigger than normal and separation factor is on the low side, especially mechanical performance and poor chemical stability.
U.S. Exxon company has developed a series of polyester polymer and has been used for separation of methylbenzene/octane mixed system.Wherein, as crosslinked saturated polyester (U.S. Pat 5128439), when content of toluene is toluene/octane mixture of 20% during as feeding liquid, the permeation flux under 190 ℃ is 75.8kg μ mm
-2H
-1, separation factor is 6.1; Poly-polyarylate (U.S. Pat 5012036) under 150 ℃ is toluene/isooctane mixture of 20% to content of toluene, and permeation flux is 28.1kg μ mm
-2H
-1, separation factor is 7.4.
Polyimide film at first is used for gas with its excellent mechanical performance and heat endurance and separates, and has obtained good effect.In the infiltration evaporation separation process,, have a good application prospect because high temperature resistant, the anti-solvent of polyimide film so life cycle is longer, effectively reduces production cost.Polyimides refers to contain in the structure base polymer of imide group, generally also contain a large amount of phenyl ring simultaneously, strand presents rigidity, arranges closely to each other, and is in glassy state under the normal temperature, and its vitrification point and heat decomposition temperature are respectively more than 200 ℃ and 500 ℃.Because polyimides has excellent mechanical performance and heat endurance, therefore become the membrane material that has very much potentiality to be exploited in infiltration evaporation aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separation.In the molecular structure of especially fluorine-containing polyimide material, the existence of trifluoromethyl has increased the strand spacing, has limited molecular chain movement, thereby helps the infiltration of little molecule in polyimide film, and because-CF
3Group has shown good separating property to the compatibility of aromatic hydrocarbons so the fluorinated polyimide film takes off aromatic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane system.In existing technology, the diamine monomer that is adopted mostly is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine or 3, the 5-diaminobenzoic acid is (as Xu WY, et al., J Membr Sci, 2003,219,89-102), such film is because the volume and the polarity of side group are all bigger, cause molecules align tight, only at arene content than just showing bigger flux under the condition with higher, and must carry out crosslinked inhibition swelling, complex disposal process.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to the synthetic a kind of fluorinated polyimide film that can realize the infiltration evaporation separation of aromatic hydrocarbons/paraffins mixture, and test the Pervaporation Separation of the polyimide film of different fluorine content toluene/n-heptane and benzene/normal heptane.The diamine monomer that this fluorinated polyimide adopts is 2, two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] HFC-236fas and 2 of 2-, two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] propane of 2-, the phenylate key that has more softness than the diamine monomer that prior art adopted, help micromolecular seeing through, selected dianhydride monomer 4,4 '-hexafluoroisopropyli,ene-phthalic anhydride and diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride have bridging trifluoromethyl and oxygen atom structure, make the polyimide structures part be tending towards compact, the effect that suppresses swelling is arranged.The fluorinated polyimide that finally obtains has extraordinary heat endurance and chemical stability simultaneously, and cost is lower than prior art, has shown good separating property in infiltration evaporation aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separation process.
The preparation method who is used for the fluorinated polyimide film of infiltration evaporation aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separation of the present invention is characterized in that, comprises following feature:
1) fluorinated polyimide is synthetic
In nitrogen protection and churned mechanically there-necked flask are housed, add solvent, add diamine monomer again, treat diamine monomer dissolve fully form clear solution after, add dianhydride monomer again with the diamine monomer equimolar amounts; When dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer after at room temperature all dissolving forms homogeneous solution, it is moved in the ice-water bath reaction 12-18 hour, carried out imidization 12-18 hour with pipette adding acetic anhydride and triethylamine subsequently, obtain polyamic acid, wherein the consumption of acetic anhydride is 2 times of molal quantity of amic acid group, and the consumption of triethylamine is 0.3 times of molal quantity of amic acid group; The thickness polyimide solution that obtains poured in the precipitating reagent precipitate, obtain the product fluorinated polyimide through repeatedly washing, dry removing after desolvating again;
2) preparation of casting solution
The fluorinated polyimide of obtaining is dissolved in solvent, and course of dissolution continues finally to obtain in 24-48 hour the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent under stirring condition;
3) knifing
With the polyimide solution casting film-forming on glass plate that obtains, and under infrared lamp solvent flashing 2-3 hour, be placed on afterwards in the water and soaked 1-2 hour, at last film is stripped down from glass plate.
In described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, used diamine monomer is 2, two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] HFC-236fas and 2 of 2-, one of two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] propane of 2-, used dianhydride monomer is 4, one of 4 '-hexafluoroisopropyli,ene-phthalic anhydride and diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
In described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, the mass fractions that dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer all dissolve formed homogeneous solution are 10-15%.
Used solvent is N in described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, N-dimethylacetylamide, N, any one in dinethylformamide and the N-methyl pyrrolidone.
In described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, used precipitating reagent be in water and the ethanol any one or multiple.
Described step 2) in the preparation of casting solution, used solvent is N, N-dimethylacetylamide, N, any one in dinethylformamide and the N-methyl pyrrolidone.
Feed side keeps normal pressure in the infiltration evaporation test, and osmotic lateral pressure is in 500Pa, and the penetrant quality is by the assay balance weighing, and composition is obtained by gas chromatographic analysis.
The resulting polyimide film of the present invention has good heat, chemical stability and mechanical performance, heat decomposition temperature is more than 500 ℃, hot strength is more than 60MPa, infiltration evaporation separation to aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane system simultaneously has good separating effect, separation factor is 5 when above, and permeation flux can reach 0.8kg μ mm
-2H
-1
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
In being housed, nitrogen protection and churned mechanically 250ml there-necked flask add 110ml DMAc (N; the N-dimethylacetylamide; handle through decompression distillation before using) and 10g diamine monomer BDAF (2; two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] HFC-236fas of 2-) (using the initial vacuum high temperature dehydration); after treating that diamine monomer dissolves the formation clear solution fully; add 8.57g dianhydride monomer 6FDA (4,4 '-hexafluoroisopropyli,ene-phthalic anhydride) (distillation is purified before using) again.After reactant at room temperature all dissolves and forms homogeneous solution, it is moved in ice-water bath reaction 12 hours, acetic anhydride and 1.2g triethylamine with pipette adding 8g carried out imidization 18 hours subsequently, the polyimide solution of the thickness that finally obtains poured in the deionized water be precipitated out, again through repeatedly taking out after the washing, 150 ℃ of dryings 10 hours remove desolvate after, obtain product fluorinated polyimide 6FDA-BDAF.
Get 9g6FDA-BDAF and be dissolved in 95g DMAc, dissolving is 24 hours under the magnetic agitation, finally obtains the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent.After casting solution removed by filter impurity, vacuum defoamation 1 hour.
Film liquid is cast in clean on glass, place that solvent flashing took out after 2 hours under the infrared lamp, place water to soak under the room temperature 1 hour.At last film is taken out from water and polyimide film is peeled off from glass plate.The thickness of the polyimide film 6FDA-BDAF that makes thus is 18 microns.
The hot property and the mechanical performance of the 6FDA-BDAF membrane material of employing method for preparing are as shown in table 1:
| Vitrification point (℃) | Weightless 10% temperature (℃) | Temperature when weight loss rate is maximum (℃) | 900 ℃ of residual mass fractions (%) | Hot strength (MPa) | Elongation at break (%) |
| 235 | 545 | 565 | 51.8 | 83.62 | 7.17 |
The hot property and the mechanical performance of table 1 6FDA-BDAF polyimide film
The polyimide film that adopts method for preparing to obtain is tested its aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane Pervaporation Separation, and charging employing toluene mass content is 20% toluene/n-heptane mixture, obtains separating resulting such as table 2 under the different temperatures:
Table 2 6FDA-BDAF polyimide film is to the separating property of toluene/n-heptane system
| Operating temperature (℃) | Penetrant toluene mass content (%) | Separation factor alpha | Permeation flux J (kg μ mm -2·h -1) |
| 65 | 62.97 | 6.49 | 0.66 |
| 70 | 62.192 | 6.47 | 0.81 |
| 75 | 59.95 | 5.64 | 0.87 |
| 80 | 59.14 | 5.44 | 1.08 |
| 85 | 58.35 | 5.28 | 1.16 |
Adopt this film to test its aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane Pervaporation Separation, charging employing benzene mass content is benzene/normal heptane mixture of 20%, obtains separating resulting such as table 3 under the different temperatures.
Table 3 6FDA-BDAF polyimide film is to the separating property of benzene/n-heptane system
| Operating temperature (℃) | Penetrant benzene mass content (%) | Separation factor alpha | Permeation flux J (kg μ mm -2·h -1) |
| 65 | 57.67 | 5.1 | 0.62 |
| 70 | 54.67 | 4.67 | 0.81 |
| 75 | 51.62 | 4.06 | 0.97 |
| 80 | 45.685 | 3.27 | 1.21 |
| 85 | 44.37 | 3.1 | 1.35 |
The separating property of polyimide film is similar to embodiment 1 with the variation of temperature rule among other embodiment.
Embodiment 2
Operation according to example 1 obtains the 6FDA-BDAF material.
Get 9g 6FDA-BDAF and be dissolved in 95g NMP, dissolving is 24 hours under the magnetic agitation, finally obtains the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent.After casting solution removed by filter impurity, vacuum defoamation 1 hour.
Film liquid is cast in clean on glass, place that solvent flashing took out after 3 hours under the infrared lamp, place water to soak under the room temperature 2 hours.At last film is taken out from water and polyimide film is peeled off from glass plate.The thickness of the polyimide film 6FDA-BDAF that makes thus is 17 microns.
Adopt this film to test its aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane Pervaporation Separation, it is 20% toluene/n-heptane mixture that the toluene mass content is adopted in charging, and under 85 ℃, permeation flux is 1.27kg μ mm
-2H
-1, separation factor is 4.36.
Embodiment 3
Operation according to example 1 obtains the 6FDA-BDAF material.
Get 9g 6FDA-BDAF and be dissolved in 95g DMF, dissolving is 24 hours under the magnetic agitation, finally obtains the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent.After casting solution removed by filter impurity, vacuum defoamation 1 hour.
Film liquid is cast in clean on glass, place that solvent flashing took out after 2.5 hours under the infrared lamp, place water to soak under the room temperature 2 hours.At last film is taken out from water and polyimide film is peeled off from glass plate.The thickness of the polyimide film 6FDA-BDAF that makes thus is 17 microns.
Adopt this film to test its aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane Pervaporation Separation, it is 20% toluene/n-heptane mixture that the toluene mass content is adopted in charging, and under 85 ℃, permeation flux is 0.64kg μ mm
-2H
-1, separation factor is 3.52.
Embodiment 4
In the there-necked flask that nitrogen protection and churned mechanically 250ml are housed, add 190ml DMF (N; handle through decompression distillation before dinethylformamide uses) and 10g diamine monomer BAPP (2; two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] propane of 2-) (using the initial vacuum high temperature dehydration); after treating that diamine monomer dissolves the formation clear solution fully; add 10.82g dianhydride monomer 6FDA (4,4 '-hexafluoroisopropyli,ene-phthalic anhydride) (distillation is purified before using) again.After reactant at room temperature all dissolves and forms homogeneous solution, it is moved in ice-water bath reaction 18 hours, acetic anhydride and 1.5g triethylamine with pipette adding 10g carried out imidization 12 hours subsequently, the polyimide solution of the thickness that finally obtains poured in the absolute ethyl alcohol be precipitated out, again through repeatedly taking out after the washing, 150 ℃ of dryings 10 hours remove desolvate after, obtain product fluorinated polyimide 6FDA-BAPP.
Get 9g 6FDA-BAPP and be dissolved in 95g DMAc, dissolving is 24 hours under the magnetic agitation, finally obtains the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent.After casting solution removed by filter impurity, vacuum defoamation 1 hour.
Film liquid is cast in clean on glass, place that solvent flashing took out after 2 hours under the infrared lamp, place water to soak under the room temperature 1 hour.At last film is taken out from water and polyimide film is peeled off from glass plate.The thickness of the polyimide film 6FDA-BAPP that makes thus is 18 microns.
The hot property and the mechanical performance of the 6FDA-BAPP film of employing method for preparing are as shown in table 4:
| Vitrification point (℃) | Weightless 10% temperature (℃) | Temperature when weight loss rate is maximum (℃) | 900 ℃ of residual mass fractions (%) | Hot strength (MPa) | Elongation at break (%) |
| 251 | 543 | 548 | 54.5 | 66.31 | 8.74 |
Adopt this film to test its aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane Pervaporation Separation, it is 20% toluene/n-heptane mixture that the toluene mass content is adopted in charging, and under 85 ℃, permeation flux is 0.54kg μ mm
-2H
-1, separation factor is 4.67.
Embodiment 5
In the there-necked flask that nitrogen protection and churned mechanically 250ml are housed, add 95ml NMP (handling through decompression distillation before using) and 10g diamine monomer BDAF (2; two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] HFC-236fas of 2-) (using the initial vacuum high temperature dehydration); after treating that diamine monomer dissolves the formation clear solution fully, add 5.98g dianhydride monomer ODPA (diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride) (distillation is purified before using) again.After reactant at room temperature all dissolves and forms homogeneous solution, it is moved in ice-water bath reaction 18 hours, acetic anhydride and 1.2g triethylamine with pipette adding 8g carried out imidization 18 hours subsequently, the polyimide solution of the thickness that finally obtains poured in the precipitating reagent (quality liquid mixture prepared such as absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water) be precipitated out, again through repeatedly taking out after the washing, 150 ℃ of dryings 10 hours remove desolvate after, obtain product fluorinated polyimide ODPA-BDAF.
Get 9g ODPA-BDAF and be dissolved in 95g DMAc, dissolving is 24 hours under the magnetic agitation, finally obtains the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent.After casting solution removed by filter impurity, vacuum defoamation 1 hour.
Film liquid is cast in clean on glass, place that solvent flashing took out after 2 hours under the infrared lamp, place water to soak under the room temperature 1 hour.At last film is taken out from water and polyimide film is peeled off from glass plate.The thickness of the polyimide film ODPA-BDAF that makes thus is 14 microns.
The hot property and the mechanical performance of the ODPA-BDAF film of employing method for preparing are as shown in table 5:
| Vitrification point (℃) | Weightless 10% temperature (℃) | Temperature when weight loss rate is maximum (℃) | 900 ℃ of residual mass fractions (%) | Hot strength (MPa) | Elongation at break (%) |
| 220 | 557 | 593 | 55.4 | 110 | 5.61 |
Adopt this film to test its aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane Pervaporation Separation, it is 20% toluene/n-heptane mixture that the toluene mass content is adopted in charging, and under 85 ℃, permeation flux is 0.1kg μ mm
-2H
-1, separation factor is 11.44.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method who is used for the fluorinated polyimide film of infiltration evaporation aromatic hydrocarbons/alkane separation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) fluorinated polyimide is synthetic
In nitrogen protection and churned mechanically there-necked flask are housed, add solvent, add diamine monomer again, treat diamine monomer dissolve fully form clear solution after, add dianhydride monomer again with the diamine monomer equimolar amounts; When dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer after at room temperature all dissolving forms homogeneous solution, it was moved in the ice-water bath reaction 12-18 hour, obtain polyamic acid; Add acetic anhydride with pipette subsequently and triethylamine carried out imidization 12-18 hour, obtain polyimides, wherein the consumption of acetic anhydride is 2 times of molal quantity of amic acid group, and the consumption of triethylamine is 0.3 times of molal quantity of amic acid group; The thickness polyimide solution that obtains poured in the precipitating reagent precipitate, obtain the product fluorinated polyimide through repeatedly washing, dry removing after desolvating again; Used diamine monomer is 2, two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] HFC-236fas and 2 of 2-, one of two [4-(4-amino-benzene oxygen) phenyl] propane of 2-, used dianhydride monomer is 4, one of 4 '-hexafluoroisopropyli,ene-phthalic anhydride and diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride;
2) preparation of casting solution
The fluorinated polyimide of obtaining is dissolved in solvent, and course of dissolution continues finally to obtain in 24-48 hour the polyimide solution of homogeneous transparent under stirring condition;
3) knifing
With the polyimide solution casting film-forming on glass plate that obtains, and under infrared lamp solvent flashing 2-3 hour, be placed on afterwards in the water and soaked 1-2 hour, at last film is stripped down from glass plate.
2. according to the preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, the mass fractions that dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer all dissolve formed homogeneous solution are 10-15%.
3. according to the preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: used solvent is N in described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, N-dimethylacetylamide, N, any one in dinethylformamide and the N-methyl pyrrolidone.
4. according to the preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1) fluorinated polyimide synthetic, used precipitating reagent be in water and the ethanol any one or multiple.
5. according to the preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in the preparation of casting solution, used solvent is N, N-dimethylacetylamide, N, any one in dinethylformamide and the N-methyl pyrrolidone.
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| CN103127846B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of asymmetric polyimide film for separating of methyl cyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene |
| CN107866088B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2021-04-06 | 南京工业大学 | Membrane method-rectification coupling separation and recovery method for gel fiber solvent and extractant |
| CN109821426B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-08-03 | 天津理工大学 | Preparation method and application of polyimide film containing binaphthyl structure |
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| CN111146019B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2022-03-01 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of porous hydrogel film electrode |
| CN115253697B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-12-26 | 天津膜天膜科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of nanofiltration membrane capable of efficiently removing hardness |
| CN114854060A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-05 | 天津大学 | Preparation method of fluorine-containing polyimide membrane for gas separation |
| CN116144176B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-08-15 | 山东华夏神舟新材料有限公司 | Polyimide composition, film, preparation method and application thereof |
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