CN100504563C - Transfer device of all-optical wavelength based on lithium niobate fiber waveguide ring chamber - Google Patents
Transfer device of all-optical wavelength based on lithium niobate fiber waveguide ring chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN100504563C CN100504563C CNB2006101252240A CN200610125224A CN100504563C CN 100504563 C CN100504563 C CN 100504563C CN B2006101252240 A CNB2006101252240 A CN B2006101252240A CN 200610125224 A CN200610125224 A CN 200610125224A CN 100504563 C CN100504563 C CN 100504563C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a conversion device of full optical wavelength based on the lithium niobate optical waveguide ring cavity; it includes the first photocoupler, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, polarization controller, PPLN optical waveguide, photoisolator, the second photocoupler, the pump light wavelength selector and ring laser which forms the PPLN optical waveguide which are connected along the clockwise. The PPLN optical waveguide process the signal light and the pump light generated by lasing of the ring laser, it makes the non-linear effect occur to realize the wave-changing; the transforming idle light is output from the second photocoupler. The invention fully takes use of two cascading second order non-linear effect in PPLN optical waveguide to realize the conversion function of full optical wavelength, the wave-changing flexibility is improved greatly; the other hand it takes use of the inner ring laser to generate the pump light, the dependency of expensive outside cavity laser as the extraneous pump light source is shake off, the structure of the device is simple and easy to realize, the cost is decreased greatly, and the running is realizable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nonlinear optics frequency mixing technique field and full light signal processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of full optical wavelength converting device based on lithium niobate fiber waveguide ring antrum.
Background technology
All Optical Wave Converter can copy to the entrained information of optical wavelength on another optical wavelength fully, is indispensable Primary Component in following dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) optical-fiber network.The wavelength Conversion technology helps to realize that wavelength utilizes again, effectively carries out dynamic routing and selects, and reduces the network congestion blocking rate, and then can improve the dirigibility and the expandability of optical-fiber network.All Optical Wavelength Conversion technology commonly used at present mainly comprises: cross-gain modulation (XGM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), laser gain saturation effect, four-wave mixing (FWM), second order nonlinear effect or the like.In these schemes, wavelength Conversion technology based on period polarized counter-rotating lithium niobate (PPLN) passive optical waveguide second order nonlinear effect has unique advantages, its maximum characteristics are that response speed strictness fast and wavelength-conversion process is transparent, show as with the bit rate of signal and modulation format irrelevantly, thereby be subjected to various countries scientific worker's great attention in recent years.
At present aspect the wavelength Conversion of PPLN optical waveguide second order nonlinear effect, carrying out many very significant work both at home and abroad, mainly comprise based on direct difference frequency (DFG), based on cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG), based on cascade and the wavelength Conversion technology of frequency with difference frequency second orders such as (SFG+DFG) and cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction.Therefore DFG type wavelength Conversion is difficult to realize simultaneously pump light and the flashlight single mode transport in optical waveguide because pump light (0.77 μ m) and flashlight (1.5 μ m) are in different-waveband.SHG+DFG type wavelength Conversion has solved the difficulty that DFG type wavelength shifter runs into, and injects pump light and flashlight and is in 1.5 mu m wavebands together, can realize the All Optical Wavelength Conversion of 1.5 mu m wavebands.However, since the pump light wavelength response bandwidth that in the SHG+DFG process, is positioned at the accurate phase matching of frequency multiplication (SHG) process (QPM) wavelength place very narrow (～0.3nm), therefore, flashlight for fixing input, traditional SHG+DFG type wavelength shifter is difficult to realize changing the tunable output of idle light, and tunable wavelength Conversion is very important for the dirigibility that strengthens network management.SFG+DFG type wavelength Conversion can solve the problem that DFG type and traditional SHG+DFG type wavelength shifter are run into simultaneously, all incident lights all are in 1.5 mu m wavebands on the one hand, even also can realize tunable wavelength Conversion easily for the flashlight of fixed wave length input on the other hand.For example: people such as Y.H.Min in 2003 article " Tunable all-opticalwavelength conversion of 5 ps pulses by cascaded sum-and differencefrequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in a Ti:PPLN waveguide; " in Proc.OpticalFiber Communications Conf., vol.2, Mar., 23-282003, among the pp.767-768, it is that 10GHz, pulsewidth are the tunable wavelength conversion of the pulse light of 5ps that experiment has first been reported based on the SFG+DFG repetition frequency.Yet, in SHG+DFG that has reported and SFG+DFG type wavelength Conversion scheme, need to use expensive outside cavity gas laser as extraneous pump light source, particularly need use two extraneous pump light sources simultaneously, the cost that this has just increased the complicacy of wavelength shifter greatly and has improved system based on the wavelength Conversion of SFG+DFG.Although people such as C.Q.Xu are at article " Intracavity wavelength conversions employing a MgO-doped LiNbO
3Quasi-phase-matched waveguide and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier; " J.Opt.Soc.Amer.B, vol.20, No.10, pp.2142-2149, among the Oct.2003, proposed based on the conversion of the intracavity wavelength of SHG+DFG saving an extraneous pump light source, but since pump light be positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of SHG process thereby can't realize tunable intracavity wavelength conversion.In addition, up to the present the intracavity wavelength conversion based on SFG+DFG does not also have relevant research report because need save two extraneous pump light sources simultaneously.In addition, existing wavelength Conversion mostly also rests on single channel-single-channel wavelength Conversion, and the concern of the tunable wavelength conversion of the conversion of single channel-two-channel tunable wavelength, single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") and multichannel being changed etc. simultaneously the aspect is also fewer.Given this, how traditional SHG+DFG type wavelength Conversion scheme is improved the research using value that will have reality with the multi-functional wavelength shifter based on the PPLN ring cavity structure (single channel-single channel, single channel-double-channel, single channel-multiple channel tuned wavelength Conversion and multichannel are changed simultaneously) of realizing tunable function, how to design need not to inject extraneous pump light.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of full optical wavelength converting device based on lithium niobate fiber waveguide ring antrum, that this device has is simple in structure, cost is low, the characteristics of reliable and favorable expandability.
A kind of full optical wavelength converting device provided by the invention based on lithium niobate fiber waveguide ring antrum, it is characterized in that: this device comprises along clockwise direction first photo-coupler, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), Polarization Controller, PPLN optical waveguide, optoisolator, second photo-coupler and the pump light wavelength selector of light path connection successively, constitutes first annular cavity laser;
Wherein first photo-coupler is coupled to the light wave that enters, and by Polarization Controller the polarization state of light wave is adjusted after Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) amplifies again, enters the PPLN optical waveguide then; Pump light is by the inner sharp generation of penetrating of first annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide, and pump light is transmission successively along clockwise direction in ring cavity, and the pump light wavelength is determined by the pump light wavelength selector; The PPLN optical waveguide is used for flashlight and the inner sharp pump light of penetrating generation of first annular cavity laser are handled, and makes it that nonlinear effect take place and realizes wavelength Conversion; Optoisolator is used to guarantee the interior light wave of ring cavity one-way transmission along clockwise direction, and the conversion idle light that is converted to is exported from second photo-coupler;
Outer signals light is in the first photo-coupler injection device; The pump light wavelength selector comprises optical circulator, first adjustable optical attenuator and first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG; Second port of optical circulator links to each other with first adjustable optical attenuator, and first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG links to each other with first adjustable optical attenuator, and the first, the 3rd port of optical circulator links to each other with second, first photo-coupler respectively.
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that existing All Optical Wavelength Conversion technology exists, a kind of full optical wavelength converting device based on the optical waveguides ring-shaped cavity configuration of PPLN is provided.Two kinds of cascaded second-order nonlinear interactions that this device makes full use of in the PPLN optical waveguide are on the one hand realized multiple All Optical Wavelength Conversion function, the dirigibility that has improved wavelength Conversion greatly; The annular cavity laser of use device inside produces pump light on the other hand, has broken away from the past the dependence as extraneous pump light source of the outside cavity gas laser of costliness, and apparatus structure is simple, realize that easily cost reduces greatly, and reliable.Particularly, the present invention compares with device with existing wavelength Conversion technology and has following advantage:
One, compare based on the wavelength Conversion of the All Optical Wavelength Conversion of PPLN second order nonlinear effect and the modulation of based semiconductor image intensifer (SOA) cross-gain and cross-phase modulation etc. and based on the wavelength Conversion of optical fiber four-wave mixing and to have significant advantage.
(1), than semiconductor optical amplifier, the PPLN optical waveguide is a passive optical waveguide, therefore PPLN optical waveguide self can not introduced influence of Amplified Spontaneous Emission Noise in wavelength-conversion process;
(2), than the optical fiber four-wave mixing, PPLN has the carrying out that higher nonlinear factor helps nonlinear effect, and PPLN optical waveguide structure compactness is easy to integrated and modularization, dependable performance;
(3), abundant second order nonlinear effect such as frequency multiplication (SHG) and frequency (SFG), difference frequency (DFG) etc. and mutual cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction are arranged in the PPLN optical waveguide, as cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) and cascade and frequency and difference frequency (SFG+DFG), these have increased the alternative based on PPLN optical waveguide second order nonlinear effect wavelength Conversion greatly;
(4), the wavelength Conversion based on PPLN optical waveguide second order nonlinear effect also has the characteristics of the following desired wavelength converter:
1. ultrafast response speed (fs magnitude);
2. irrelevant with the bit rate and the modulation format of signal;
3. multi-wavelength is changed the dynamic mapping scope with broad simultaneously;
4. the spectrum and the counter-rotating of warbling can be used for dispersion compensation;
5. parameter amplifies;
6. transfer process does not have internal frequency and warbles.
Wherein ultrafast response speed and can strengthen the high speed signal of 40Gbit/s and above speed and various new type of modulation format signal (as return-to-zero code RZ to the irrelevant characteristic of signal bit rate and modulation format, Carrier-Suppressed Return-to-Zero CSRZ, differential phase keying (DPSK) sign indicating number DPSK, optical duo-binary sign indicating number ODB etc.) processing power, feasible wavelength Conversion based on PPLN optical waveguide second order nonlinear effect has potential advantage and application prospect in following high speed full optical signal processing technology.
Two, the present invention utilize based on cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect and the cascade of PPLN optical waveguide and improve to some extent on traditional SHG+DFG and SFG+DFG basis with difference frequency (SFG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect frequently and improve.
(1), inherited the advantage of traditional SHG+DFG and SFG+DFG, inject pump light and flashlight and be in 1.5 mu m wavebands together, overcome traditional direct difference frequency (DFG) second order nonlinear effect because pump light (0.77 μ m) and flashlight (1.5 μ m) are in different-waveband is difficult to the while carries out the difficulty of single mode transport in optical waveguide;
(2), traditional SHG+DFG pump light is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of frequency multiplication (SHG) process, responsive bandwidth very narrow (～0.3nm), be difficult to realize tunable wavelength Conversion for the flashlight of setted wavelength.The SHG+DFG of utilization of the present invention improves this, and flashlight is placed the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of SHG process, for the flashlight of fixing input, has realized the tunable output of conversion idle light by changing the pump light wavelength.In addition, by increasing the number of pump light, realized the tunable wavelength conversion of fixing input signal light single channel-double-channel and single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ");
(3) though, the SHG+DFG after improving realized tunable wavelength Conversion, that the tunable wave length scope of input signal light becomes is very narrow (～0.3nm), utilize SFG+DFG to address this problem.By using two pump lights and suitably regulate the tunable wavelength conversion that its wavelength can be realized variable input signal light easily, input signal light and output conversion idle light all can be in very wide scope tuning (〉 75nm).The SFG+DFG that the present invention utilizes has further realized the tunable wavelength conversion of variable input signal light single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") on this basis by increasing the number of pump light;
Three, the Wavelength converter based on the PPLN ring cavity of the present invention's proposition is simple in structure, realizes easily, and is with low cost, and stability is reliable.
(1), need not expensive outside cavity gas laser pump light is provided, pump light is produced by the annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide, use different pump light wavelength selectors can produce single pump light easily by flexible design, thereby multi-wavelength's translation function that double pumping action light and many pump light ways of realization are abundant can reduce the complicacy and the operating cost of device so greatly.For example, for the wavelength Conversion of single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type "), use a multi-wavelength selector switch just can save a plurality of outside cavity gas lasers, this has potential application value in following dense wave division multipurpose optical-fiber network.
(2), the polarization unevenness that built-in PPLN optical waveguide and Polarization Controller can increase ring cavity in the annular cavity laser, thereby can alleviate the HOMOGENEOUS BROADENING characteristic of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), use adjustable optical attenuator also can the balance gain of EDFA to compete in addition in the wavelength selector of ring cavity, these produce stable sharp stability of penetrating light and then assurance wavelength-conversion process for annular cavity laser is very favorable.
Four, apparatus of the present invention have good expandability.
(1), by changing the pump light wavelength selector in the annular cavity laser, can further realize input signal photofixation or variable single channel-three channel, single channel-four channel ... Deng the tunable wavelength conversion that is in various forms;
(2), the wavelength selector spare in the annular cavity laser can change flexibly.For example, for the multi-wavelength selector switch, dressing wave filter wherein can also use Mach-Ceng Deer time delay interferometer (MZ-DI), polarization maintaining optical fibre annular mirror (PMF-LM) etc. to have the device of dressing filter function except using Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of full optical wavelength converting device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is first kind of structural representation of full optical wavelength converting device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 (a) is two kinds of single wavelength selector spares (b);
Fig. 4 (a) is two kinds of dual wavelength selectors (b);
Fig. 5 is the multi-wavelength selector;
Fig. 6 is second kind of structural representation of full optical wavelength converting device of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the third structural representation of full optical wavelength converting device of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is based on the principle schematic of cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) flashlight fixed tuneable wavelength Conversion: (a) single channel-single channel tunable wavelength conversion, (b) single channel-double-channel tunable wavelength conversion, (c) single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") tunable wavelength conversion.
Fig. 9 is based on cascade and the principle schematic of frequency with the conversion of difference frequency (SFG+DFG) flashlight variable adjustable resonance wave length;
Figure 10 is based on cascade and the principle schematic of frequency with the conversion of the variable single channel-multichannel of difference frequency (SHG+DFG) flashlight (" broadcast type ") tunable wavelength;
Figure 11 is based on the principle schematic that cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) multichannel are changed simultaneously.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example.
The invention provides and need not the extraneous full optical wavelength converting device that injects pump light based on the PPLN ring cavity structure, it is characterized in that built-in PPLN optical waveguide in annular cavity laser, utilize PPLN cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) and cascade and frequently realize multiple All Optical Wavelength Conversion function with two kinds of cascaded second-order nonlinear interactions of difference frequency (SFG+DFG).The main body of converter is based on the wavelength shifter of PPLN ring cavity, as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprises PPLN optical waveguide 1, and wavelength selector 2 and Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3 connect and compose the annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide successively.The light path trend of ring cavity inside is clockwise direction.Pump light is swashed by annular cavity laser inside penetrates generation, generates the wavelength Conversion of conversion output idle light realization flashlight to the conversion idle light thereby cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction takes place in the PPLN optical waveguide for flashlight and pump light.Can realize the All Optical Wavelength Conversion of multiple function by the concrete inner composition structure of selecting different wavelength Conversion mechanism and change annular cavity laser.
As shown in Figure 2, apparatus of the present invention comprise along clockwise direction first photo-coupler 4, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3, Polarization Controller 5, PPLN optical waveguide 1, optoisolator 6, second photo-coupler 7 and the pump light wavelength selector 2 of light path connection successively, constitute first annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide.Wherein, first photo-coupler 4 and second photo-coupler 7 externally provide flashlight input port and conversion idle light output port respectively.
Input signal light enters in this device through first photo-coupler 4, by Polarization Controller 5 its polarization state is adjusted after Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3 amplifies, and enters PPLN optical waveguide 1 then.Pump light is by the inner sharp generation of penetrating of first annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide, " Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3-Polarization Controller 5-PPLN optical waveguide 1-optoisolator 6-the second photo-coupler 7-pump light wavelength selector 2-the first photo-coupler 4-Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3 " passed through in pump light transmission along clockwise direction in ring cavity successively, wherein Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3 provides the pumping lase required gain, Polarization Controller light 5 is adjusted the pumping polarization state of light, optoisolator 6 guarantees the interior light wave of ring cavity one-way transmission along clockwise direction, the inside that pump light wavelength selector 2 is used to determine first annular cavity laser to produce is swashed and is penetrated the pumping light wavelength, and it can be single wavelength selector 2A, dual wavelength selector switch 2B or multi-wavelength selector switch 2C.Nonlinear effect realization wavelength Conversion takes place after entering PPLN optical waveguide 1 in the input signal light and the first annular cavity laser inner sharp pump light of penetrating generation therein, and the conversion idle light that is converted to is from 7 outputs of second photo-coupler.
Based on contrive equipment shown in Figure 2, can realize the input signal photofixation, need not to inject the tunable whole-optical wavelength Conversion of single channel-single channel, single channel-double-channel and the single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") of extraneous pump light.It is characterized in that flashlight and pump light generation cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect in PPLN optical waveguide 1: signal light wavelength is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of PPLN optical waveguide frequency multiplication (SHG) process, flashlight swashs pump light generation difference frequency (DFG) interaction of penetrating generation and generates the conversion idle light with first annular cavity laser is inner simultaneously by the frequency doubled light that frequency multiplication (SHG) process produces, and can change the idle light wavelength of conversion to realize tunable output by regulating the pump light wavelength.Input signal photofixation and be single channel, the channel number of output conversion idle light is by the decision of pump light number, and that use according to pump light wavelength selector in the ring cavity 2 is single wavelength selector 2A, dual wavelength selector switch 2B, or multi-wavelength selector switch 2C can correspondingly obtain the tunable wavelength conversion of single channel-single channel, single channel-double-channel and single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ").
Based on contrive equipment shown in Figure 2, when wherein pump light wavelength selector 2 use be dual wavelength selector switch 2B the time, can also realize that input signal light is variable, need not to inject the tunable whole-optical wavelength Conversion of extraneous pump light.It is characterized in that flashlight and two-way pump light generation cascade and frequency and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect in PPLN optical waveguide 1: the first via pump light of flashlight and the generation of first annular cavity laser passes through and frequency (SFG) process produces and frequency light, meanwhile, the second road pump light that first annular cavity laser produces with and frequently light generation difference frequency (DFG) interact and generate the conversion idle light, for the flashlight of variable input, can realize changing the tunable output of idle light by appropriate change two-way pumping light wavelength.
Shown in Fig. 3 (a), single wavelength selector 2A is made up of first adjustable optical attenuator 8 and first tunable optic filter 9.Light wave is transmission from right to left in this single wavelength selector.The wavelength of first tunable optic filter 9 in order to need to select, first adjustable optical attenuator 8 chooses wavelength to swash the luminous power of penetrating light to penetrating the loss and then the control of light in ring cavity in order to suitable adjusting.The position of first adjustable optical attenuator 8 and first tunable optic filter 9 can exchange.
Shown in Fig. 4 (a), dual wavelength selector switch 2B is made up of first, second adjustable optical attenuator 8,12, first, second tunable optic filter 9,13 and the 3rd, the 4th photo-coupler 14,15.When transmitting from right to left, light wave at first is divided into two-way parallel transmission up and down through the 3rd photo-coupler 14 in this dual wavelength selector switch, set out on a journey successively through first adjustable optical attenuator 8 and first tunable optic filter 9, following road is successively through second adjustable optical attenuator 12 and second tunable optic filter 13, and the two-way light wave is then through the 15 coupling outputs of the 4th photo-coupler up and down.First, second tunable optic filter 9,13 are respectively applied for the sharp light wavelength of penetrating of two-way in the decision annular cavity laser, first adjustable optical attenuator 8 is used for suitably regulating and controlling the sharp luminous power of penetrating light of first tunable optic filter, 9 decisions, and second adjustable optical attenuator 12 is used for suitably regulating and controlling the sharp luminous power of penetrating light of second tunable optic filter, 13 decisions.The position of first adjustable optical attenuator 8 and first tunable optic filter 9 can exchange, and the position of second adjustable optical attenuator 12 and second tunable optic filter 13 can exchange.
Dual wavelength selector switch 2B also can adopt the structure shown in Fig. 4 (b), is made up of optical circulator 10, first, second adjustable optical attenuator 8,12 and first, second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 11,16.Light path trend when light wave transmits in this dual wavelength selector switch from right to left has two-way.The first via is " optical circulator 10 port a-optical circulators 10 port b-first adjustable optical attenuators 8-the first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 11-the first adjustable optical attenuator 8-optical circulator 10 port b-optical circulators 10 port c ", wherein the reflectance spectrum of first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 11 determines the first via to swash and penetrates light wavelength, select for use the first different Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs 11 can change the sharp light wavelength of penetrating of the first via, first adjustable optical attenuator 8 is used to regulate and control the first via and swashs the luminous power of penetrating light; The second the tunnel is " optical circulator 10 port a-optical circulators 10 port b-first adjustable optical attenuators 8-the first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 11-the second adjustable optical attenuator 12-the second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 16-the second adjustable optical attenuator 12-the first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 11-the first adjustable optical attenuator 8-optical circulator 10 port b-optical circulators 10 port c ", wherein the reflectance spectrum of second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 16 determines the second road sharp light wavelength of penetrating, select for use the second different Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs 16 can change the second road sharp light wavelength of penetrating, first, second adjustable optical attenuator 8,12 is used to regulate and control the second the road and swashs the luminous power of penetrating light.
It should be noted that, Fig. 4 (a) first, second adjustable optical attenuator 8 in (b), 12 can increase the sharp unevenness of penetrating the light wave loss of two-way in the ring cavity, thereby can weaken the HOMOGENEOUS BROADENING characteristic of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), the use of polarization device such as Polarization Controller in the ring cavity and PPLN optical waveguide also can be introduced unevenness in addition, these can guarantee to obtain stable dual wavelength and swash and to penetrate, and are very useful for the stability that strengthens wavelength-conversion process therefore.
As shown in Figure 5, multi-wavelength selector switch 2C is made up of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 17, bandpass filter 18 and Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon 19.Light wave is transmission from right to left in this multi-wavelength selector switch.Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon 19 is equivalent to a comb filter, with the main body that has constituted the multi-wavelength selector switch after bandpass filter 18 is connected.Multi-wavelength swashs the wavelength spacing of penetrating and determines that by Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon 19 number of excitation wavelength then depends on the bandwidth of bandpass filter 18.The position of bandpass filter 18 and Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon 19 can exchange.Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 17 provides gain for sharp the penetrating of the multi-wavelength of ring cavity inside.
As shown in Figure 6, when realizing that input signal light is variable, when need not to inject the tunable wavelength conversion of extraneous pump light single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type "), apparatus of the present invention are set up multi-wavelength selector switch 20 to constitute the dicyclo cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide on Fig. 2 basis.Second annular cavity laser of setting up is formed by connecting by first photo-coupler 4, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3, Polarization Controller 5, PPLN optical waveguide 1, optoisolator 6, second photo-coupler 7 and multi-wavelength selector switch 20 light path successively in the counterclockwise direction, multi-wavelength selector switch 20 wherein is in order to produce the multichannel pump light, and its structure is identical with the structure of multi-wavelength selector switch 2C.The structure of first annular cavity laser is identical with Fig. 2, and the light path trend is clockwise direction, but pump light wavelength selector 2 wherein is single wavelength selector 2A.
Input signal light enters in this device through first photo-coupler 4.Two annular cavity lasers swash respectively penetrates one the road and the multichannel pump light, and Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3 provides gain, and optoisolator 6 guarantees the one-way transmission of light path in two annular cavity lasers.The inner sharp pump light of penetrating generation of flashlight and two annular cavity lasers enters PPLN optical waveguide 1 through Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 3 amplifications and after Polarization Controller 5 adjustment polarization states, nonlinear effect takes place therein realize wavelength Conversion, the conversion idle light that is converted to is from 7 outputs of second photo-coupler.
Based on contrive equipment shown in Figure 6, can realize that input signal light is variable, need not to inject the tunable whole-optical wavelength Conversion of the single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") of extraneous pump light.It is characterized in that flashlight and pump light generation cascade and frequency and difference frequency (SFG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect in PPLN optical waveguide 1: the single pump light of flashlight and the generation of first annular cavity laser passes through and frequency (SFG) process produces and frequency light, meanwhile, the multichannel pump light that second annular cavity laser set up produces with and frequently light generation difference frequency (DFG) thus interact and generate the multipath conversion idle light, single channel flashlight for variable input, by appropriate change first, second annular cavity laser sharp penetrated the tunable output that the pump light wavelength can be realized multichannel conversion idle light, i.e. variable single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") tunable wavelength conversion of input signal light.
As shown in Figure 7, when All Optical Wavelength Conversion that the multichannel that will realize need not injecting extraneous pump light is changed simultaneously, apparatus of the present invention are the same with Fig. 6, also are to set up multi-wavelength selector switch 20 to constitute the dicyclo cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide on Fig. 2 basis.When different with Fig. 6, there is not extraneous input signal light among Fig. 7.The multichannel that multi-wavelength selector switch 20 produces among Fig. 6 swashs that to penetrate light be the multichannel pump light, and the multichannel that multi-wavelength selector switch 20 produces among Fig. 7 swashs penetrates light and regard multiple signals light as.Can realize need not injecting the multichannel of extraneous pump light changes simultaneously based on Fig. 7 contrive equipment, it is characterized in that pump light and multiple signals light generation cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect in PPLN optical waveguide 1: the single pump light of first annular cavity laser generation is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of PPLN optical waveguide frequency multiplication (SHG) process, and pump light passes through the frequency doubled light of frequency multiplication (SHG) process generation and exported by second photo-coupler 7 with multiple signals light generation difference frequency (DFG) interaction and generation multipath conversion idle light that second annular cavity laser produces simultaneously.Flashlight is a multichannel, and the conversion idle light also is that multichannel and number equate with flashlight, has promptly realized multi channel conversion simultaneously.
Respectively the principle of work of apparatus of the present invention is described in further detail below.
One, based on fixing single channel-single channel, single channel-double-channel and single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") the tunable wavelength conversion of PPLN ring cavity flashlight
1, wavelength Conversion principle
1.1, single channel-single channel
Shown in Fig. 8 (a), based on cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect: flashlight 21 is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of PPLN optical waveguide frequency multiplication (SHG) process, flashlight 21 generates frequency doubled light 22 through frequency multiplication (SHG) process, meanwhile, pump light 23 interacts with frequency doubled light 22 generation difference frequencies (DFG) and obtains changing idle light 24.According to principle of conservation of energy, the wavelength of flashlight 21, frequency doubled light 22, pump light 23 and conversion idle light 24 satisfies following relational expression:
SHG：1/λ
SH＝2/λ
S
DFG：1/λ
i＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
P (1)
SHG+DFG：1/λ
i＝2/λ
S-1/λ
P
1.2, single channel-double-channel
Shown in Fig. 8 (b), ultimate principle is identical with single channel-single channel wavelength Conversion, promptly based on SHG+DFG: flashlight 21 is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of PPLN optical waveguide frequency multiplication (SHG) process, 22 whiles and two-way pump light 23 of frequency doubled light that flashlight 21 generates by frequency multiplication (SHG) process, 25 difference frequency (DFG) takes place interacts, thereby generate two-way conversion idle light 24,26.Input signal light has only one the tunnel, and output conversion idle light becomes two-way, therefore corresponding single channel-two-channel wavelength Conversion.According to principle of conservation of energy, the wavelength of flashlight 21, frequency doubled light 22, two-way pump light 23,25 and two-way conversion idle light 24,26 satisfies following relational expression:
SHG：1/λ
SH＝2/λ
S
DFG：1/λ
i1＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
P1
SHG+DFG：1/λ
i1＝2/λ
S-1/λ
P1 (2)
DFG：1/λ
i2＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
P2
SHG+DFG：1/λ
i2＝2/λ
S-1/λ
P2
1.3, single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ")
Shown in Fig. 8 (c), ultimate principle is identical with single channel-single channel and single channel-double-channel wavelength Conversion, promptly based on SHG+DFG: flashlight 21 is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of PPLN optical waveguide frequency multiplication (SHG) process, flashlight 21 generates frequency doubled light 22 by frequency multiplication (SHG) process, difference frequency (DFG) interaction takes place with frequency doubled light 22 in multichannel pump light 27 simultaneously, thereby generates multipath conversion idle light 28.Input signal light has only one the tunnel, and output conversion idle light becomes multichannel, has promptly realized the wavelength Conversion of single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ").According to principle of conservation of energy, the wavelength of flashlight 21, frequency doubled light 22, multichannel pump light 27 and multipath conversion idle light 28 satisfies following relational expression:
SHG：1/λ
SH＝2/λ
S
DFG：1/λ
i1＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
P1
SHG+DFG：1/λ
i1＝2/λ
S-1/λ
P1
…… (3)
……
……
DFG：1/λ
in＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
Pn
SHG+DFG：1/λ
in＝2/λ
S-1/λ
Pn
2, the tunable principle of wavelength Conversion
Intrinsic characteristic according to SHG+DFG process in the PPLN optical waveguide, the light wave tunable range that is in the accurate phase matching wavelengths of frequency multiplication (SHG) process place is very narrow, traditional wavelength Conversion scheme pump light based on SHG+DFG is positioned at accurate phase matching wavelengths place, though the input signal light wavelength can change, be difficult to realize tunable wavelength Conversion for the fixing flashlight of importing in the scope of broad.The present invention places accurate phase matching wavelengths place with flashlight, according to formula (1), for given signal light wavelength, just can realize single channel-single-channel tunable wavelength conversion easily by changing the pump light wavelength; According to formula (2),, can realize single channel-two-channel tunable wavelength conversion easily by regulating two-way pumping optical wavelength for the input signal light of fixed wave length; According to formula (3),, just can realize single channel-multi channel tunable wavelength conversion at an easy rate by changing multichannel pump light wavelength for given signal light wavelength.
Two, based on the variable tunable wavelength conversion of PPLN ring cavity flashlight
1, wavelength Conversion principle
As shown in Figure 9, based on cascade and frequency and difference frequency (SFG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect: need two pump lights 23,25 to participate in.Flashlight 21 for variable input, regulating first pump light 23 wavelength satisfies itself and flashlight 21 wavelength or approximately satisfies and the accurate phase-matching condition of frequency (SFG) process, this moment, the wavelength of first pump light 23 and flashlight 21 was approximate about the accurate phase matching wavelengths symmetry of frequency multiplication (SHG) process, flashlight 21 passes through and (SFG) process generation frequently and frequency light 29 with first pump light 23, meanwhile, second pump light 25 is with 29 generation difference frequencies (DFG) interactions obtain changing idle light 30 with frequency light.According to principle of conservation of energy, flashlight 21, first pump light 23 and frequently the wavelength of light 29, second pump light 25 and conversion idle light 30 satisfy following relational expression:
SFG：1/λ
SF＝1/λ
S+1/λ
P1
DFG：1/λ
i＝1/λ
SF-1/λ
P2 (4)
SFG+DFG：1/λ
i＝1/λ
S+1/λ
P1-1/λ
P2
2, the tunable principle of wavelength Conversion
For based on the fixing tunable wavelength conversion of SHG+DFG flashlight, because flashlight is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of frequency multiplication (SHG) process, so the very little (three dB bandwidth～0.3nm) of the variable range of signal light wavelength.By contrast, for wavelength Conversion based on SFG+DFG, when flashlight 21 wavelength shifts, as long as it is constant with the wavelength of maintenance and frequency light 29 to pass through the wavelength of suitable first pump light 23 of adjusting, thereby satisfy or approximately satisfy and the accurate phase-matching condition of (SFG) process frequently, flashlight 21 wavelength can variation in the wavelength coverage of non-constant width (three dB bandwidth〉75nm).According to formula (4), when keeping and light 29 wavelength are constant frequently, the wavelength of first pump light 23 is by the decision of input signal light 21 wavelength, and conversion idle light 30 wavelength are then by second pump light 25 wavelength decision.Can realize of the tunable wavelength conversion of variable input signal light easily by the wavelength of two pump lights 23,25 of suitable adjusting to variable output conversion idle light.
Three, change based on the variable single channel-multichannel of PPLN ring cavity flashlight (" broadcast type ") tunable wavelength
1, wavelength Conversion principle
As shown in figure 10, the variable tunable wavelength conversion of ultimate principle and flashlight is identical, and based on cascade and frequently and difference frequency (SFG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect promptly: the wavelength Conversion of single channel-n channel needs the participation of n+1 road pump light 23,31.For variable input signal light 21, the wavelength of adjusting first via pump light 23 satisfies itself and flashlight 21 wavelength or is similar to accurate phase-matching condition satisfied and frequency (SFG) process, this moment, the wavelength of first via pump light 23 and flashlight 21 was approximate about the accurate phase matching wavelengths symmetry of frequency multiplication (SHG) process, flashlight 21 and first via pump light 23 by and frequently (SFG) process generate with frequency light 29 simultaneously and difference frequencies (DFG) take place other n road pump light 31 thus interaction obtains the n road changes idle light 32.According to principle of conservation of energy, the wavelength of flashlight 21, first via pump light 23 and frequency light 29, other n road pump light 31 and n road conversion idle light 32 satisfies following relational expression:
SFG：1/λ
SF＝1/λ
S+1/λ
P。
DFG：1/λ
i1＝1/λ
SF-1/λ
P1
SFG+DFG：1/λ
i1＝1/λ
S+1/λ
P0-1/λ
P1
…… (5)
……
……
DFG：1/λ
in＝1/λ
SF-1/λ
Pn
SFG+DFG：1/λ
in＝1/λ
S+1/λ
P0-1/λ
Pn
2, the tunable principle of wavelength Conversion
Be similar to based on the variable tunable wavelength conversion of SFG+DFG flashlight, according to formula (5), for given signal light wavelength, when keeping and light 29 wavelength are constant frequently, first via pump light 23 wavelength are by the decision of input signal light 21 wavelength, and n road conversion idle light 32 wavelength are determined by n road pump light 31 wavelength accordingly.Wavelength by suitable adjusting first via pump light 23 and other n road pump light 31 just can be realized the conversion of the variable single channel-multichannel of flashlight (" broadcast type ") tunable wavelength at an easy rate.
Four, change simultaneously based on PPLN ring cavity multichannel
1, wavelength Conversion principle
As shown in figure 11, based on cascade frequency multiplication and difference frequency (SHG+DFG) second order nonlinear effect: pump light 23 is positioned at the accurate phase matching wavelengths place of frequency multiplication (SHG) process, pump light 23 generates frequency doubled light 33 through frequency multiplication (SHG) process, meanwhile, difference frequency (DFG) interaction takes place with frequency doubled light 33 and obtains corresponding n road conversion idle light 35 in n road flashlight 34, has promptly realized multi channel while wavelength Conversion.According to principle of conservation of energy, the wavelength of pump light 23, frequency doubled light 33, n road flashlight 34 and n road conversion idle light 35 satisfies following relational expression:
SHG：1/λ
SH＝2/λ
P
DFG：1/λ
i1＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
S1
SHG+DFG：1/λ
i1＝2/λ
P-1/λ
S1
…… (6)
……
……
DFG：1/λ
in＝1/λ
SH-1/λ
Sn
SHG+DFG：1/λ
in＝2/λ
P-1/λ
Sn
In a word, apparatus of the present invention can realize need not to inject the multiple All Optical Wavelength Conversion function of extraneous pump light flexibly, the tunable whole-optical wavelength Conversion of single channel-double-channel and single channel-multichannel (" broadcast type ") particularly, these have great importance for the development that promote All Optical Wavelength Conversion new technology new equipment.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of full optical wavelength converting device based on lithium niobate fiber waveguide ring antrum, it is characterized in that: this device comprises along clockwise direction first photo-coupler (4), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (3), Polarization Controller (5), PPLN optical waveguide (1), optoisolator (6), second photo-coupler (7) and the pump light wavelength selector (2) of light path connection successively, constitutes first annular cavity laser;
Wherein first photo-coupler (4) is coupled to the light wave that enters, and by Polarization Controller (5) polarization state of light wave is adjusted after Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (3) amplifies again, enters PPLN optical waveguide (1) then; Pump light is by the inner sharp generation of penetrating of first annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide, and pump light is transmission along clockwise direction in ring cavity, and the pump light wavelength is determined by pump light wavelength selector (2); PPLN optical waveguide (1) is used for flashlight and the inner sharp pump light of penetrating generation of first annular cavity laser are handled, and makes it that nonlinear effect take place and realizes wavelength Conversion; Optoisolator (6) is used to guarantee the interior light wave of ring cavity one-way transmission along clockwise direction, and the conversion idle light that is converted to is exported from second photo-coupler (7);
Outer signals light is in first photo-coupler (4) injection device; Pump light wavelength selector (2) comprises optical circulator (10), first adjustable optical attenuator (8) and first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (11); Second port (b) of optical circulator (10) links to each other with first adjustable optical attenuator (8), first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (11) links to each other with first adjustable optical attenuator (8), and the first, the 3rd port (a, c) of optical circulator (10) links to each other with second, first photo-coupler (7,4) respectively.
2, full optical wavelength converting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this device also comprises multi-wavelength selector switch (20), and multi-wavelength selector switch (20) comprises Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), bandpass filter and Fabry-Perot etalon; The input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is as the input end of multi-wavelength selector switch (20), and the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) links to each other with bandpass filter or Fabry-Perot etalon;
The input end of multi-wavelength selector switch (20) links to each other with the output terminal of second photo-coupler (7), and the output terminal of multi-wavelength selector switch (20) links to each other with the input end of first photo-coupler (4), constitutes second annular cavity laser of built-in PPLN optical waveguide.
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| CN110967790B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-12-31 | 济南量子技术研究院 | Optical fiber coupling method for PPLN waveguide device, waveguide device and single photon detector |
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