CN100504365C - Miniature CT system with radioactive isotope as ray source - Google Patents
Miniature CT system with radioactive isotope as ray source Download PDFInfo
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- CN100504365C CN100504365C CNB2005100647099A CN200510064709A CN100504365C CN 100504365 C CN100504365 C CN 100504365C CN B2005100647099 A CNB2005100647099 A CN B2005100647099A CN 200510064709 A CN200510064709 A CN 200510064709A CN 100504365 C CN100504365 C CN 100504365C
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Abstract
A micro type of CT system using radioactive isotope as radiation source is prepared as setting rotation shaft of sample holding unit in sliding track of base and controlling its motion by stepping motor; connecting data collector separately to array detector and computer; using initial mass amount of 1 nanogram to 1 gram of Co-60, Ir-192, Tm-170 or Cs-137 set at center of W or Pb box as radiation source, setting ray outgoing pinhole on front end of box, using W or Pb metal sheet controlled by start-up switch as shielding switch set on path of ray outgoing, setting slit on front and back collimation components mode by W or Pb.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tomography and microsystems technology field, be particularly related to a kind of employing radioactive isotope as radiographic source, small items is carried out irradiation, and surveyed and digitizing with regard to its intensity in transmission, thereby to internal structure of body implement dynamic imaging with radioactive isotope as radiogenic minitype CT (ComputerTomograph-CT) system.
Background technology
In recent years, natural science and engineering development important trend is to stride forward towards microminiaturization.Along with the develop rapidly of micro-/ nano technology, microsystems technology miscellaneous and nano-device, pick-up unit etc. are suggested in succession.Micro-system is remarkable and common people have been produced irresistible temptation (Liu Jing, micrometer/nanometer yardstick thermal conduction study, Beijing: Science Press, 2000) with its cheap and performance.Can see that the size of current all kinds of micro-systems is just reduced unusually, and they have kept the identical even more performance with original big system simultaneously, various surprising achievements follow on sb.'s heels shoulder to shoulder.In fact, set up compact as far as possible system is the theme of engineering practice for many years always, and the effort that people make for this reason can be weighed with the technological innovation of global range.For producing fully meticulous system, countless time and funds are dropped into this type of Study on Technology.Can be made into quite compact integrated microoptical circuit system at present such as quotidian huge Experiments of Optics of, past system, its function of finishing can be equal to mutually with big system, and price is then quite cheap, and operation is very easy.In addition, also there is some other microtechnology to come out one after another, as (Liu Jing, micrometer/nanometer yardstick thermal conduction study, Beijing: Science Press, 2000) such as micro-energy resource system, microsensor, little imaging systems.The present invention focuses on the miniature imaging system of development in order to the inspected object inner structure, and this also is a kind of trial in the microsystems technology research boom.
We know that the function of object is that closely-related with its inner structure, common optical microscope is mainly used in the observation surface topography, but powerless to the detection of inner structure.People have been developed a series of alternative methods for this reason, as the stereoscope based on electrical impedance, magnetic field, sound, light, X ray, gamma-rays etc.In fact, after the roentgen found the X-ray and obtains the fluoroscopic image of staff, this very competent ray of object penetration just is introduced in photographed and imaging field, formed various technical products.
Because X ray, gamma-rays etc. penetrate the very capable of object, thereby can be used for interior of articles is had an X-rayed.Wherein, X ray generally is the bremstrahlen that is produced in the process of slowing down with matter interaction by high-velocity electrons, gamma-rays is discharged in the nuclear decay process by radioactive isotope mainly then that (peace continues and just waits work, cobalt-60 digital radiation imaging vanning detection system, Beijing: publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2003).In actinometry, when X, gamma-ray radiation photon and object take place to interact, photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering and electron pair can take place produce, X, when gamma-rays passes material, its photon can be partially absorbed; And, if differences such as the character of test substance and mass thicknesses, then surveying the last received signal intensity of screen can change to some extent, thereby measures these variations, just may extrapolate the heterogeneous texture characteristics of material inside, this is the ultimate principle (as shown in Figure 2) of radiant image.
Usually, radiographic source can adopt realizations such as X-ray production apparatus, nucleic and accelerator, the conventional carriers that is used to measure, write down radiation intensity distribution is that the position fast-response probe generally comprises sensitive film, video screen and " image intensifier " etc., the resolution of this type of position sensitive sensor even can be in micron dimension, thereby can be used for detecting micro-structure.But these classic methods have requirement to the time shutter, and the formality of acquisition image is more loaded down with trivial details.Different therewith is that real-time digital radiation imaging technology has preferably then overcome these shortcomings (peace continues and just waits work, cobalt-60 digital radiation imaging vanning detection system, Beijing: publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2003).Developing and obtained Computerized chromatographic (Computer Tomograph-CT) imaging device of the Nobel Prize first by Hounsfield etc. in 1971, is exactly the important breakthrough of digital radiation imaging technical elements.So far these class methods have been expanded many fields that are applied to, detect (peace continues and just waits work, cobalt-60 digital radiation imaging vanning detection system, Beijing: publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2003) as container.Particularly, China recent years also obtains a series of major progresses in this field, is radiation source as Kang Kejun etc. with the accelerator, two-truck mobile container inspecting system (Kang Kejun etc. have been invented, with the accelerator is the two-truck mobile container inspecting system of radiation source, Chinese invention patent 99122363.2; Kang Kejun etc., a kind of vehicle-mounted machine dynamic formula radiography detection system, Chinese invention patent 02146207.0); Peace continues just to wait and directly adopts radioactive isotope as radiation source, and (peace continues just etc., mobile gamma digital radiation imaging lossless detection method and device and uses thereof, Chinese invention patent 96102080.6 to have invented gamma digital radiation imaging the cannot-harm-detection device; Peace continues just etc., a kind of digital radiation image forming type apparatus for investigating lorge guest materials, Chinese invention patent 99110839.6) owing to avoided the construction of X-ray accelerator, thereby greatly simplification device structure and reduce equipment cost.More than device is just being brought into play important effect in the van container context of detection of department of customs.
Can see that the starting point of the device that set forth the front all concentrates on and develops on the large radiation imaging device.So far, develop the microminiaturized digital imaging apparatus that by above-mentioned approach and all rarely have report in the world.Belgium SkyScan company, adopt the principle of similar Medical CT,, release a class Miniature CT system by X ray microoptic and x-ray tomography reconstruct (CT) technology, because its novelty, this technology is just classified as 100 great sci-tech products by the Department of Science and Technology of European Union soon after proposition.This system is owing to the mechanism that still needs to be provided for producing X ray, thereby in fact overall volume can not be done very for a short time but regrettably.In addition, some other research institution also proposed some Miniature CT systems (Johnson, et al, Three-dimensionalmicrotomographic analysis system, United States Patent 5,402,460 in succession; In translate: three-dimensional microbedding is analysed image analysis system, United States Patent (USP) 5,402,460), but they need to produce the device of X-ray too, thereby also have as above said microminiaturized obstacle.
At above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention will be from new technology path, provide a kind of need not X ray mechanism or the microminiaturized CT system of accelerator, core of the present invention is directly to adopt radioactive isotope as radiation source, come object is directly had an X-rayed, thus the digital radiation imaging system of Shi Xianing even can accomplish the mobile phone size.Than the existing digital radiation imaging detection system that is used to detect large-sized object and based on the Miniature CT system of X ray, device provided by the invention is a kind of system of height microminiaturization, all obviously be different from existing device at aspects such as idea and even application, technical connotations, be expected playing a significant role aspect the test of small items.
A kind of important use that develops the minitype CT that thus may be embodied in biomedical aspect, such as the thin sight and the micromechanism problem that can adopt in this type of device investigation life system, and the allomeric function of itself and bion associated, thereby disclose corresponding biology rule.Remove this, it also is conspicuous that the detection in other respects of this type systematic is worth, numerous herein.Predictably, this microminiaturization, the CT device will inevitably go far towards carrying out of micro element research cheaply.The volume of digital radiation imaging device in the past is often too huge, and price is surprisingly high, only is used for utmost point special sector such as customs, medical institutions etc., has very big difficulty on applying.Miniature CT system provided by the invention can remedy these deficiencies, thereby has important generalization and application value.
The present invention also adopts a large amount of discrete detecting element forming array sensitive detection parts of arranging, replace traditional position sensitive sensor, can detect the radiation intensity of position respectively, and provide the corresponding dynamic digital signal in real time until image, can reflect the design feature of institute's detecting location thus.What Fig. 2 provided is the principle process of digital radiation imaging.Wherein behind the slit of the ray that sends of radiographic source by the preceding collimating apparatus that constitutes by two heavy metal plate, can form the beam of sheet, after this sheet beam passes checking matter, again through the slit of the back collimating apparatus that constitutes by two heavy metal plate equally, incide on the detector array, handle in conjunction with Computer signal by detector element, can reconstruct the internal information of object.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of height microminiaturization with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system; Mainly concentrate on the idea that develops the van container checkout equipment from being different from existing digital radiation imaging system, a kind of Highgrade integration and microminiaturized computerized tomography system are provided.This technique extension existing main equipment notion, be expected in the detection of small items, to play a significant role.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Provided by the invention with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, comprising:
Integrated successively radiation source 1, preceding collimating apparatus 2, sample clamping device or sample stage 3, back collimating apparatus 5 and the detector array 7 that is placed on the band mask switch on the base 8 in the insulated chamber 13; And
Data acquisition unit instrument 10 and computing machine 11; Perhaps data acquisition, processing and storage microchip 71 and liquid crystal micro display 79;
Described sample clamping device or sample stage 3 comprise: specimen holder or sample stage, and the fixing rotating shaft 31 of supporting specimen holder or sample stage is fixedly mounted on the slide rail 4 on the base 8, and described rotating shaft 31 is installed in the slide rail 4, and slides in described slide rail 4; Described specimen holder is provided with center pit 32;
The control gear driven by stepper motors of control sample clamping device or sample stage 3 motions;
Described data collecting instrument 10 connects detector array 7 and computing machine 11 respectively; Described data acquisition, processing and storage microchip 71 are connected detector array 7 and liquid crystal micro display 79 respectively;
Described radiation source (1) comprises Co-60, the iridium Ir-192 that is placed on radiation source casing center, thulium Tm-170 or caesium Cs-137, its initial mass from 1 nanogram in 1 gram scope.
The casing of described radiation source casing for making by tungsten or lead, its front end face is provided with the ray outgoing aperture 12 for the radiant rays outgoing; Described mask switch is one by the tungsten of starting switch control or the live metal sheet 67 of plumbous material, is arranged on the path of radiation source ray outgoing;
Collimating apparatus 2 and back collimating apparatus 5 are respectively by tungsten or the plumbous sheet metal of making before described, and described preceding collimating apparatus 2 is provided with first slit 21, and described back collimating apparatus 5 is provided with second slit 6;
Described insulated chamber 13 is the casing of 1cm to 1mm for the wall thickness of being made by tungsten or lead.
One transparent organic glass view window 14 is set on the upper surface of described insulated chamber 13.The overall dimensions of described insulated chamber 13 is that 30cm * 30cm * 30cm is to 2cm * 2cm * 2cm.The diameter of described ray outgoing aperture 12 is that 1cm is to 0.1mm.The global shape of described radiation source casing is square, right cylinder or spheroid; To 1cm * 1cm * 1cm scope, wall thickness is that 2cm is to 0.1mm to its overall dimensions at 5cm * 5cm * 5cm.Described detector array 7 is linear array scintillation crystal detectors, face battle array flat panel detector, image amplifier or digital X-ray cooled ccd camera.Described radiation source 1, detector array 7 are 1 to 6 pair.Described radiation source 1 becomes one with preceding collimating apparatus 2, and preceding collimating apparatus 2 is arranged on radiation source 1 outlet; Described back collimating apparatus 5, detector array 7, and data acquisition, processing and storage microchip 71, liquid crystal micro display screen 79 becomes one.
Employing radioactive isotope provided by the invention carries out irradiation to small items, and intensity in transmission surveyed and digitizing, thereby its inner structure is implemented microcomputer tomography (ComputerTomograph-CT) system of dynamic imaging, can comprise by following scheme implementation: radiation source defectoscope, shielding valve, preceding collimating apparatus, back collimating apparatus, insulated chamber, control gear, detector array, data collecting instrument, computing machine, stepper motor, example platform etc.Wherein, on the integrated in order base plate that is arranged in insulated chamber such as radiation source defectoscope, preceding collimating apparatus, example platform, back collimating apparatus, detector array; Example platform is connected with actuators such as control gear, stepper motor and circuit by rotating shaft, by computer control, can change the locus of sample as required, thereby obtain the image of different parts; Data collecting instrument connects detector array and computing machine, and data collecting instrument and computing machine be arranged in outside the insulated chamber, is convenient to operation.Whole system simple in structure, cost is low and easy and simple to handle, is a kind of portable minisize CT system of Highgrade integration.And in traditional macroscopic view or Miniature CT system, each parts all is to separate to be placed in the different large spaces, as provided by the present invention be radiographic source and all component packages are integrated into a technology path on the base plate with the isotope, so far also not reporting in scientific and technical literature and patented claim, is a kind of brand-new idea in little imaging system field.
Among the present invention, the radiographic source that is used for imaging can have multiple choices, such as adopting industrial conventional cobalt Co-60 defectoscope commonly used, its cobalt source radiation activity is little, can be below 11.1TBq (300Ci), and the thing that finally decays is stable isotope nickel (Ni), without any pollution, can be reclaimed by specialized company; The half life period of cobalt Co-60 is 5.27, and its energy of generally is mainly used to detect the metal of thickness greater than iron, brass and other intermediate density of 2.5cm 1.33 and 1.17MeV.In addition, radiographic source also can be selected for use in following a few class isotopes, as: in the scene that is starved of light mini-plant is detected, isotope iridium Ir-the 192nd, a kind of desirable radiographic source, its half life period is 74.3 days, gamma-rays is 0.31,0.47 and 0.6MeV, generally is mainly used to detect the steel that thickness is 3～75mm; In addition, also can select thulium Tm-170 for use, 129 days its half life period, gamma-rays 0.084,0.052MeV, generally being mainly used to detect thickness is the steel of 0.8mm or the aluminium of 13mm, can be used for the detection of intraware such as aircraft parts and compound substance; Certainly, also can select caesium Cs-137 for use, 30.1 its half life period, gamma-rays 0.66MeV.When above-mentioned various isotopes were used as the radiographic source of minitype CT provided by the invention, required amount was all minimum, thereby the danger that produces because of its radiation is very little.These radiographic sources are easy to produce in professional production enterprise, and the user can directly buy or entrusts customization according to needed various versions and size, and can regularly replace and be used for new imaging.So radiation component involved in the present invention is easy to realize.
In Miniature CT system provided by the invention, if when computing system (desktop computer or notebook computer) is big, except that computing machine, whole system can be positioned over the overall dimension scope in the insulated chamber of 30cm * 30cm * 30cm in 2cm * 2cm * 2cm; But during as if the collection of employing microdata, processing and storage chip substituting for computer system, then all parts all can be encapsulated in the insulated chamber, the Miniature CT system that becomes one.Insulated chamber generally adopts heavy metal such as tungsten or lead to make, and to isolate radiation, its wall thickness is that 0.2mm is to 1mm; The insulated chamber upper surface can be provided with a transparent organic glass view window, is used for the position of observation sample, its size at 6cm * 6cm to 0.5cm * 0.5cm scope; This view window can not be provided with yet.
Have certain radioactive isotope and be packaged in the container center place of radiation source defectoscope, container shapes can be square, right cylinder or spheroid, and to 1cm * 1cm * 1cm scope, wall thickness is that 2cm is to 1mm to size at 5cm * 5cm * 5cm.Because the emission of radiation source is isotropy, the present invention offers the aperture that leads to the external world (diameter arrives 0.1mm at 1cm) for the radiant rays outgoing on the right side of radiation source container, also be provided with mask switch on this path, the outgoing that is used to block or open ray.
Computer acquisition and processing can adopt desk-top computer or notebook computer to finish.Certainly, also data acquisition, processing and memory function can be integrated on the microchip, respective image then is presented on the miniature screen, develop thus the Miniature CT system that in addition can with the mobile phone sizableness.
The sample stage that is used for clamping or puts sample is fixed on the slide rail of insulated chamber bottom by rotating shaft, and between forward and backward collimating apparatus, can move in upper and lower, left and right, Stepping Motor Control lower edge or rotate.Thus, the relative position of the isotope ray by adjusting sample and outgoing can obtain the space structure of sample.
In apparatus of the present invention, detector array adopts common detector array to get final product, such as, in system, can adopt linear array scintillation crystal detectors, face battle array flat panel detector, image amplifier or high accuracy number X-ray cooled ccd camera (High Resolution Digital X-ray cooled CCD Camera) etc.And, the feasible processing micro-/ nano of current progress photodetector etc. becomes possibility, this makes the space exploration resolution of this device be expected further to be improved, and since this CT system at be tiny sampler, thereby the size of detector can do minimumly, and this also is the place different with the conventional digital radiation imaging apparatus.In this device, forward and backward collimating apparatus is made by metals such as tungsten, lead, and its center has the slit, sees through for ray.
In a word, all kinds of devices involved in the present invention and sensor all are easy to buy or make, thereby a whole set of Miniature CT system is not difficult to realize.
Crucial part of the present invention is the principle of in the past large-scale digital radiation imaging is applied to develop highly microminiaturized CT device, thereby provide a conception of species brand-new microminiature CT system, this is in an ideogenetic innovation aspect implementation method and the application to traditional radiant image technology.Though existing image-forming principle has partly been adopted in the realization of this device, but equipment is different from existing device fully on notion and intension and even application, so far, yet there are no report at home and abroad based on the radiogenic Miniature CT system of isotope, the integrated technology of this total system is expected to hew out a brand-new minitype CT instrument field.
Current, the research of minitype CT just progressively causes researchist's great attention in the world, but only has the miniature X-CT based on X-ray source to be developed so far, and, once proposition, just obtain general high praise; But because the operation of this type of device must have the device in order to generation X-ray, and the X-x-ray apparatus can not be done very for a short time on present level, thereby there is the difficulty that is difficult to go beyond in the further microminiaturization of its volume.The present invention is owing to directly adopt micro-radioactive isotope as radiographic source, thereby saved considerable X-ray production apparatus or the accelerator installation of spatial volume, simplified system architecture greatly, and can guarantee image quality preferably, its invention will increase by a cover strong tool for miniature imaging system field.
Miniature CT system provided by the invention is a concept nature breakthrough to the micro-system imaging technique.Serve as the radiogenic technology path of minitype CT along this employing radioactive isotope, also can expand out the Miniature CT system pattern of more practicability, be not limited in apparatus-form explained above, below only list numerical example.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the digital radiation imaging schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the synoptic diagram of band mask switch 67;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is for adopting the embodiment synoptic diagram of three pairs of radiation sources and detector array.
Accompanying drawing 6 is for adopting the embodiment synoptic diagram of slide rail type radiation source and detector array
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1: Fig. 1 carries out irradiation for employing radioactive isotope provided by the invention to small items, and intensity in transmission surveyed and digitizing, thereby its inner structure is implemented the structural representation of the microcomputer chromatographic imaging system of dynamic imaging, also is one embodiment of the present of invention.As seen from the figure, Miniature CT system provided by the invention comprises: radiation source 1; Preceding collimating apparatus 2; First slit 21 on the preceding collimating apparatus; Sample stage 3; Sample stage supporting revolving shaft 31; Slide rail 4; Back collimating apparatus 5; Second slit 6 on the back collimating apparatus; Detector array 7; Base 8; Circuit connection 9; Data collecting instrument 10; Computing machine 11; Ray outgoing aperture 12; Insulated chamber 13; Insulated chamber viewport 14; Isotope radiographic source 66; The live metal 67 of the tungsten material of mask switch.Wherein, on the integrated in order base 8 that is arranged in insulated chamber 13 such as radiation source 1, preceding collimating apparatus 2, sample stage 3, back collimating apparatus 5, detector array 7; Insulated chamber 13 is made up of base 8 and loam cake 72, and loam cake 72 can break away from base; Sample stage 3 is connected with control gear, stepper motor and circuit etc., by computing machine 11 controls; Data collecting instrument 10 connects detector array 7 and computing machines 7, and data collecting instrument 10 and computing machine 11 are arranged in outside the insulated chamber 13.Radiation source 1, slide rail 4 all are connected with circuit, can be by the switch motion of computer control on it.Whole system simple in structure, cost is low and easy and simple to handle, is a kind of portable minisize CT system of Highgrade integration.
Among the present invention, the radiographic source 1 that is used for imaging can have multiple choices, such as adopting industrial conventional cobalt Co-60 defectoscope commonly used, its cobalt source radiation activity is little, can be below 11.1TBq (300Ci), and the thing that finally decays is stable isotope nickel (Ni), without any pollution, can be reclaimed by specialized company; The half life period of cobalt Co-60 is 5.27, and its energy of generally is mainly used to detect the metal of thickness greater than iron, brass and other intermediate density of 2.5cm 1.33 and 1.17MeV.In addition, radiographic source also can be selected for use in following a few class isotopes, as: in the scene that is starved of light mini-plant is detected, isotope iridium Ir-192 is desirable radiographic sources, its half life period is 74.3 days, gamma-rays is 0.31,0.47 and 0.6MeV, generally is mainly used to detect the steel that thickness is 3～75mm; In addition, also can select thulium Tm-170 for use, 129 days its half life period, gamma-rays 0.084,0.052MeV, generally being mainly used to detect thickness is the steel of 0.8mm or the aluminium of 13mm, can be used for the detection of intraware such as aircraft parts and compound substance; Certainly, also can select caesium Cs-137 for use, 30.1 its half life period, gamma-rays 0.66MeV.When with above-mentioned various isotopes during as the radiographic source of minitype CT, required amount all minimum as at 1 nanogram to 1 gram scope, thereby the danger that causes because of its radiation is very little.These radiographic sources are easy to produce in professional production enterprise, and the user can directly buy or customize, and can regularly replace and be used for new imaging.So radiation component involved in the present invention is easy to realize.
Realize when of the present invention computer acquisition and handle and to adopt desk-top computer or notebook computer to finish.Whole system is positioned over the overall dimension scope in the insulated chamber 13 of 30cm * 30cm * 30cm in 2cm * 2cm * 2cm except that computing machine 11 and data collecting instrument 10; Insulated chamber is made by heavy metals tungsten or lead, and its wall thickness is that 1cm is to 1mm; Insulated chamber 13 upper surfaces can be provided with a transparent organic glass view window 14, its size at 6cm * 6cm to 1cm * 1cm scope; This view window 14 can not be provided with yet.
As shown in Figure 3, radioactive isotope 66 is packaged in the center of radiation source casing 1, and its shape can be square, right cylinder or spheroid, and to 1cm * 1cm * 1cm scope, wall thickness is that 2cm is to 1mm to size at 5cm * 5cm * 5cm; Because the emission of radiation source is isotropy, the present invention adopts on radiation source 1 right side, set out the ray outgoing aperture 12 that leads to the external world (diameter arrives 0.1mm at 1cm) for isotope 66 radiant rays outgoing, this path is provided with the live metal sheet 67 of tungsten (or plumbous) matter of switch control, the outgoing that is used to block or open ray.
The sample stage 3 that is used for clamped sample is arranged on the slide rail 4 of insulated chamber 13 bottoms, and its center is a diameter at the hollow hole of centre 32 of 1mm to 5cm, is beneficial to ray and passes; Specimen holder can be made up of the on all four plain film of two chip architecture sizes, and testing sample is held between two plain films, again can be fixed by the screw on the plain film, also can adopt other similar mechanisms that tighten up certainly, and numerous herein.Center pit 32 can move in upper and lower, left and right, Stepping Motor Control lower edge or rotate between preceding collimating apparatus 2 and back collimating apparatus 5.Thus, the relative position of the isotope ray by adjusting sample and outgoing can obtain the space structure of sample.
In apparatus of the present invention, detector array 7 adopts conventional detector array to get final product, such as, in system, can adopt linear array scintillation crystal detectors, face battle array flat panel detector, image amplifier or high accuracy number X-ray cooled ccd camera (High Resolution Digital X-ray cooled CCD Camera) etc.And current progress has made processing micro-/ nano photodetector become possibility, and this makes the space exploration resolution of this device be expected further to be improved.In this device, forward and backward collimating apparatus 2,3 is made by heavy metals tungsten, lead, and its center has size in first slit 21, second slit 6 of 5mm * 5mm to 0.1mm * 0.1mm, sees through for ray.
Should be noted that generally should satisfy following requirement as isotope radiographic source 66 of the present invention: activity should be compatible with structured material less than 11.1TBq (300Ci), and can not impact the unfavorable factor in serviceable life to surrounding environment.And radiation source, detector array can be combined by 1 to 6 pair, and the position between radiation source and the detector array also can be mutually adjusted, and cooperatively interacts thus object is carried out the space tomography.
Employing radioactive isotope provided by the present invention is as radiographic source, small items is carried out the Miniature CT system of tomography, its use-pattern is as follows: open the loam cake 72 of insulated chamber 13, sample is clamped to center pit 32 places of specimen holder and fixes, open computing machine.So, by computer control, open the live metal sheet 67 of radiographic source 1, radiographic source promptly carries out radiation outside aperture 12, via first slit 21 of preceding collimating apparatus 2, arrive sample, arrive second slit 6 of back collimating apparatus 5 again, on detector array 7, can carry out digital reconstruction by data collecting instrument 10 and computing machine 11, obtain the inner structure of sample thus in real time.
Embodiment 2: provided by the invention with radioactive isotope as radiogenic minitype CT, be not limited to above structure, can derive more multi-form minitype CT imaging system.Such as, functions such as data acquisition and processing, storage can be integrated on the chip piece, respective image then is presented on the miniature screen, what on overall dimensions and mobile phone, camera sizableness or littler Miniature CT system to developing thus.Further provide an embodiment herein.Its technology path is that foregoing each parts are integrated comprehensively, to dwindle the volume of whole system to greatest extent.In the present embodiment, we are with all parts such as radiographic source 1, forward and backward collimating apparatus 2,5, sample stage 3, detector 7, data acquisition process and storage microchip 71 and miniscope 79 is all integrated is encapsulated into together promptly become highly integrated minitype CT imaging system as shown in Figure 4.This structure looks that some looks like a camera or mobile phone, but its intension and function are obviously different fully.
In Miniature CT system as shown in Figure 4, preceding collimating apparatus 2 is made into one with radiographic source 1, can be on outgoing aperture 12 paths that fixed form directly is produced on radiographic source 1 herein, also can be made into aperture 21 can be about this outside surface, the situation of sliding on the left and right directions (not drawing among the figure), similarly, radiogenic inside also can make part hollow or other labyrinths, so, the CT of microminiaturization can adopt how effective structure, and large-scale CT is also not obvious owing to the effect promoting that the partial structurtes improvement is brought, thereby the choice is less on structural design; The form of sample stage 3 can adopt the form that is different from embodiment 1 used anchor clamps, can adopt the platform structure of a rotatable and lifting, can directly testing sample be put had an X-rayed on it like this to get final product; In addition, back collimating apparatus 6 also is made into one with detector 7, data acquisition and processing microchip 71, miniscope 79.Simultaneously, at the position, space of sample stage 3, can one plexiglass cover 73 be set as view window at upper surface.During test, plexiglass cover 73 can be started, small items to be measured is shelved on the upper surface of sample stage 3, open each electric switch 75 of Miniature CT system, can carry out perspective imaging and it dynamically is presented on the liquid crystal micro display 79 object.These images both can be stored in the storage chip for subsequent analysis, also can its signal directly be transferred to by cable and be handled on the giant-screen of common computer or notebook computer and show.As seen, adopt this palm imaging device, can obtain the space structure of object, the perspective camera that this belongs under a kind of new concept has enlarged the intension of traditional camera.
Among the above embodiment, selected material all can be identical with embodiment 1.But system dimension is because after selecting microchip, dwindled to a greater extent, wherein each parts relative size can be selected to cooperate as required, can be such as its side size range at 1nm between the 10cm, the size of a whole set of minitype CT of making thus can be at 10cm * 10cm * 10cm to 2cm * 2cm * 2cm scope.Like this, promptly realized the Miniature CT system of a Highgrade integration.Compare with the miniature X-ray CT of foregoing Belgian SkyScan company development, the present invention has reached real microminiaturization, and its volume is suitable with existing handset size even littler.This has expanded CT notion in the past technically greatly.
The Miniature CT system that employing radioactive isotope provided by the invention is set up has lot of advantages, and at first, the radiographic source consumption is well below the situation of large radiation imaging device, thereby uses fool proof; What it was the most outstanding is also advantageous in that, the size of whole system can be very little, thereby has broken through the technical thought of large-scale in the past CT or minitype CT, and is easy to promote the use of easily in a large amount of detection ranges; Also because these characteristics, make that the cost of apparatus of the present invention is very low, use more flexibly that applicable surface is wider.
Embodiment 3: provided by the invention with radioactive isotope as radiogenic minitype CT, also be not limited to the above situation that only is provided with tailored radiation source and detector array that provides, also can expand to 1 to 6 pair corresponding radiation source and detector array structure.What Fig. 5 provided is the Miniature CT system synoptic diagram that adopts three pairs of radiation sources 1 and detector array 7.Wherein, the every pair of radiation source and detector array are used for the perspective situation of the object that penetrated on transmission path by the ray that this radiation source sent is carried out digitalized image.Like this, the perspective result of comprehensive three pairs of radiation sources and detector array, it is collected carry out data analysis and image reconstruction in computing machine or the microchip, just can once obtain and on screen, demonstrate the whole interior structure of institute's observed objects, thereby obtain its whole spatial informations.
Embodiment 4: provided by the invention with radioactive isotope as radiogenic minitype CT, also a pair of radiation source and detector array can be produced on the slide rail of annular, thereby it slides by control, implements the whole imaging to a plurality of angles of object, also can obtain the one-piece construction of object thus.What Fig. 6 provided is the Miniature CT system synoptic diagram that adopts slide rail type radiation source and detector array, adjust radiation source (1) and detector array (7) position on slide rail (dotted line loop section) as required, promptly the internal structure of body that ray penetrated is carried out imaging, by repeatedly rotating, also can obtain the whole interior structural information of object thus.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, comprising:
Integrated successively radiation source (1), preceding collimating apparatus (2), sample clamping device or sample stage (3), back collimating apparatus (5) and the detector array (7) that is placed on the band mask switch on the base (8) in the insulated chamber (13); And
Data acquisition instrument (10) and computing machine (11); Perhaps data acquisition, processing and storage microchip (71) and liquid crystal micro display (79);
Described sample clamping device or sample stage (3) comprising: specimen holder or sample stage, the fixing rotating shaft (31) of supporting specimen holder or sample stage, be fixedly mounted on the slide rail (4) on the base (8), described rotating shaft (31) is installed in the slide rail (4), and slides in described slide rail (4); Described specimen holder is provided with center pit (32);
The control gear driven by stepper motors of control sample clamping device or sample stage (3) motion;
Described data acquisition instrument (10) connects detector array (7) and computing machine (11) respectively; Described data acquisition, processing and storage microchip (71) are connected detector array (7) and liquid crystal micro display (79) respectively;
Described radiation source (1) comprises the Co-60 that is placed on radiation source casing center, iridium Ir-192, thulium Tm-170 or caesium Cs-137, its initial mass from 1 nanogram in 1 gram scope;
The casing of described radiation source casing for making by tungsten or lead, its front end face is provided with the ray outgoing aperture (12) for the radiant rays outgoing; Described mask switch is one by the tungsten of starting switch control or the live metal sheet (67) of plumbous material, is arranged on the path of radiation source ray outgoing;
Collimating apparatus (2) and back collimating apparatus (5) are respectively by tungsten or the plumbous sheet metal of making before described, and described preceding collimating apparatus (2) is provided with first slit (21), and described back collimating apparatus (5) is provided with second slit (6);
Described insulated chamber (13) is the casing of 1cm to 1mm for the wall thickness of being made by tungsten or lead.
2, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that, a transparent organic glass view window (14) is set on the upper surface of described insulated chamber (13).
3, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that the overall dimensions of described insulated chamber (13) is that 30cm * 30cm * 30cm is to 2cm * 2cm * 2cm.
4, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that the diameter of described ray outgoing aperture (12) is that 1cm is to 0.1mm.
5, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that the global shape of described radiation source casing is square, right cylinder or spheroid; To 1cm * 1cm * 1cm scope, wall thickness is that 2cm is to 0.1mm to its overall dimensions at 5cm * 5cm * 5cm.
6, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that described detector array (7) is linear array scintillation crystal detectors, face battle array flat panel detector, image amplifier or digital X-ray cooled ccd camera.
7, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that described radiation source (1), detector array (7) are 1 to 6 pair.
8, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that described radiation source (1) and preceding collimating apparatus (2) become one, preceding collimating apparatus (2) is arranged on radiation source (1) outlet; Described back collimating apparatus (5), detector array (7), and data acquisition, processing and storage microchip (71), liquid crystal micro display screen (79) becomes one.
9, by claim 1 described with radioactive isotope as radiogenic Miniature CT system, it is characterized in that described radiation source (1) and detector array (7) are produced on the annular slide rail.
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| CNB2005100647099A CN100504365C (en) | 2005-04-18 | 2005-04-18 | Miniature CT system with radioactive isotope as ray source |
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| EP2760028B1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2018-12-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Radiation generator |
| CN103728324B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-08-17 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of nuclear fuel assembly nondestructive detection device for high-energy X-ray |
| CN104198579A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-10 | 中国航天科工集团第六研究院四十六所 | Continuous multi-negative-film flaw-detecting system based on CT (Computed Tomography) system and use method |
| RU2719322C1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2020-04-17 | КьюЭсЭй ГЛОБАЛ ИНК. | Low-density spherical irridium source |
| CN113229839A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-08-10 | 西北工业大学 | Linear collimator matched with linear array X-ray detector of bone densitometer |
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| WO2005001457A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-06 | Tsinghua University | Gamma radiation imaging system for non-destructive inspection of the luggage |
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| CN2819219Y (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-09-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Miniature CT apparatus with radioactive isotope as radioactive source |
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| JP2000338251A (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2000-12-08 | Hitachi Medical Corp | Ri-imaging device |
| WO2005001457A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-06 | Tsinghua University | Gamma radiation imaging system for non-destructive inspection of the luggage |
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