CN100500317C - High-strength aluminium, magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method based on numerical simulation - Google Patents
High-strength aluminium, magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method based on numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a high-strength aluminium and magnesium alloy isothermal extrusion method based on numerical analog. Said method is characterized by that it utilizes PID control principle and makes it be applied for extrusion deformation finite element analog modeling, and utilizes once analogy of deformation process of workpiece to be machined to accurately and effectively obtain isothermal extrusion speed curve. According to the property of workpiece to be machined the workpiece outlet object outlet temperature, the extrusion speed can be regulated according to the PID control principle so as to obtain analog isothermal extrusion speed change curve correspondent to the described workpiece to be machined, and said isothermal extrusion speed change curve obtained by means of analogy can be inputted into the control system of extruding machine to control speed of main plunger of extruding machine so as to make extrusion outlet temperature retain constant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials science field material processing technique method, the isothermal extruding control in particularly high-strength magnesium, the aluminum alloy heat extrusion process process.
Background technology
Extruding is that the metal stock that is placed in the container (recipient) is applied external force, makes it to flow out from specific nib, obtains a kind of plastic processing method of required section configuration and size.Non-ferrous metal such as aluminium, magnesium has series of advantages such as density is little, intensity height, and it is more and more important that it is used in fields such as automobile, electronics, building, aviation and industry.And pressing method is the important production method of this type of metal product of processing.
In extrusion process, extruding outlet temperature (being maximum temperature) is the parameter that people are concerned about most, and whether even, stable it be decision extrusion process success or failure and extruded product structure property key.The extruding outlet temperature depends primarily on the comprehensive effect of the factors such as heat conduction of extruding initial temperature, the heat exchange of being out of shape heat, fricative heat, workpiece and the surrounding environment (compression tool and atmosphere) that produce and workpiece inside.Because the complexity of process, the prediction and calculation of extruding outlet temperature become long-term puzzlement extruding worker's a difficult problem.
Traditional pressing method adopts constant extrusion speed, because a deflection of extruding is big, metal stock is inner and violent with the friction of Tool Room, about 90～95% mechanical energy is converted into plastic deformation heat and boundary friction heat in the extrusion process, the while deformed area is entirely recipient and seals, radiating condition is poor, makes that die temperature raises rapidly in the extrusion process, thereby influences the quality of extruded product.In extrusion process, too high in order to prevent temperature, extrusion speed is generally lower, has limited the production efficiency of extruding.In addition, conventional constant speed extruding also exists product along causing the microstructure and property of goods inhomogeneous owing to temperature distributing disproportionation is even on length and the section, and butt truncates and causes stock utilization to descend, and high temperature makes shortcomings such as the easier consume of mould in addition.
At the problems referred to above, people wish to adopt the isothermal extruding, promptly keep extrusion process middle outlet temperature to keep constant extrusion process to come converted products.In the actual production, the isothermal extruding is general adopts ingot casting gradient-heated or cooling method, is difficult to accurately determine by theory analysis but isothermal pushes required ingot casting thermograde value, so be difficult to produce a desired effect.And this method requires than higher automatic degree of production line, in case a certain link is obstructed, the thermograde in the ingot casting promptly changes rapidly.Also there is the direct temperature measurement of employing speed regulation method to realize the isothermal extrusion process in the reality, promptly the extruding outlet temperature that will measure by the online feedback system feeds back among the FPGA control system PCL of extruder, regulates extrusion axis speed according to the outlet temperature of actual measurement then and keeps the constant exit temperature.But owing to lack effective contactless temperature-measuring instrument, and existing Extruder Control, governing system delay of response, this method is not used widely industrial yet.
The report that adopts computer simulation to obtain isothermal extrusion technology is also arranged recently, but for extrusion process, because deflection is big, make that the simulation process mesh distortion is serious, amount of calculation is big, and efficient is low.Under computer environment, extrusion process is carried out the length consuming time of analog computation repeatedly, be difficult to obtain engineering and use.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of traditional thermometric speed governing isothermal extrusion technique, in conjunction with PID control principle and three dimensional FEM simulation technology, employing is based on high-strength aluminium, the magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method of numerical simulation, extrudate performance in whole extrusion process is reached unanimity, reduce the section bar angularity significantly, thereby reduce the tension straingtening deflection of section bar, under the prerequisite that guarantees the profile size precision, the amount of warpage of wide cut section bar reduces, and improves the dimensional stability of extruded product.Simultaneously the power of die surface and variations in temperature are remained unchanged substantially, be of value to the service life that prolongs mould.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of high-strength aluminium based on numerical simulation, magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method, isothermal extrusion speed curve negotiating numerical simulation obtains: at first according to the workpiece to be processed performance, the initial temperature of extruding workpiece and tool and mould, the target setting outlet temperature, next the workpiece to be processed extrusion process used for forming is carried out numerical simulation one time, periodically detect the workpiece outlet temperature, after it departs from the target temperature of setting, adopt PID control at once, regulate extrusion speed continuously, finish up to extrusion process, and then accurately, draw the simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve that adapts with the described worker's for the treatment of workpiece performance efficiently, finally also will simulate the speed control system that isothermal extrusion speed change curve is input to extruder, the speed of controlling the extruder main plunger automatically makes the outlet temperature maintenance constant.
Described PID control is to be input variable with the deviation between target outlet temperature and the actual outlet temperature, is the control of output variable with extruder main plunger gait of march increment.
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law in the closed-loop control theory is adopted in described PID control, and wherein the control law of Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law is:
In the formula
---the control increment
K---sampling sequence number, k=0,1,2...
E (k)---the outlet temperature deviate of the k time sampling instant input
E (k-1)---the outlet temperature deviate of the k-1 time sampling instant input
E (k-2)---the outlet temperature deviate of the k-2 time sampling instant input
A＝K
P+K
I+K
D B＝K
P+2K
D C＝K
D
And K
P---proportionality coefficient
K
I---integral coefficient,
K
D---differential coefficient,
Control parameter K at PID described in the extrusion die draft experiment
P, K
I, K
DThe test trial and error procedure of adopting engineering to adjust in the method is adjusted to it.
After described pid control parameter is adjusted by the extrusion die draft experiment, can realize the PID control procedure of variable element according to temperature variations real time altering parameter value in extrusion process.
The concrete implementation step of described test trial and error procedure comprises:
(1) proportion control of adjusting earlier, the proportion control effect is big by changing to for a short time, observe the corresponding response of each time, fast until obtaining reaction, the response curve that overshoot is little, if system does not have steady-state error, perhaps steady-state error is in claimed range, and the response time meet the demands, then only need to adopt a proportion control to get final product, at this moment, can determine proportionality coefficient.
(2) under the control of proportional controller, steady-state error can not meet the demands, then need add integration control, when adjusting integral element, earlier the proportionality coefficient of selecting in the step (1) is reduced, can be reduced to originally 50%～80%, will put a higher value, the response curve of observation system the time of integration again; Then, reduce the time of integration, strengthen integral action, and corresponding adjusting proportionality coefficient, adjust repeatedly, examination is gathered repeatedly, obtaining satisfied response, thereby determines the parameter of ratio and integration.
(3) if through step (2), ratio-integration control can only be eliminated steady-state error, and dynamic process can not be satisfactory, then should add differential control, constitutes PID control.
During the Tuning PID Controller device, putting derivative time earlier is zero, then, strengthen derivative time gradually, and correspondingly change the proportionality coefficient and the time of integration simultaneously, examination is gathered repeatedly, up to obtaining satisfied temperature-responsive, the result who adjusts makes the settling time of control system short, and maximum deviation and overshoot are low, the constant temperature curve is straight, and static difference is less.
Design principle of the present invention is: the extrusion speed by the control extruder is the mould outlet temperature constant.The control method of described extrusion speed is: according to workpiece to be processed performance and extruding primary condition (as extrusion billet and tool temperature etc.), target setting outlet temperature.After actual outlet temperature departs from objectives outlet temperature, carry out PID control, regulate extrusion speed continuously, finish up to extrusion process, and then draw the simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve that adapts with the described worker's for the treatment of workpiece performance accurately and efficiently.And will simulate the speed control system that isothermal extrusion speed change curve is input to extruder, the speed of control extruder main plunger makes the outlet temperature maintenance constant in the actual production of almag.
The PID controller is a kind of linear controller, and it constitutes control deviation according to target outlet temperature value r (t) and actual outlet temperature value c (t)
e(t)＝r(t)-c(t)(1)
The PID controller constitutes the extrusion process controlled quentity controlled variable with ratio (P), integration (I) and the differential (D) of deviation by linear combination, and controlled device is controlled.Its control law is
K in the formula
P---proportionality coefficient T
I---integration time constant
T
D---u derivative time (t)---t is the outlet temperature output valve constantly
(2) formula is carried out discretization handle, with a series of sampling instant point K
TRepresent t continuous time,, replace differential with increment, the PID expression formula that can disperse to replace integration with formula:
K in the formula---sampling sequence number, k=0,1,2...
The outlet temperature output valve of u (k)---the k time sampling instant
E (k)---the outlet temperature deviate of the k time sampling instant input
E (k-1)---the outlet temperature deviate of the k-1 time sampling instant input
K
P---proportionality coefficient
K
I---integral coefficient,
K
D---differential coefficient,
Because it is little that the increment type control algolithm in the control algolithm of digital PID has the misoperation influence, can realize not having disturbance and switch, error does not have advantage such as add up, and so the present invention adopts the Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law, can get following formula according to formula (3) the recursion principle formula of sampling:
A=K in the formula
P+ K
I+ K
DB=K
P+ 2K
DC=K
D
Simultaneously, at the extruding non-linear process of complexity,, the engineering method of adjusting that does not rely on system model is applied to isothermal extruding control simulation model further to adjusting that pid control parameter carries out.K
P, K
I, K
DThree parameter values determine by the extrusion die draft experiment, and in extrusion process according to temperature variations real time altering parameter value, realize the PID control procedure of variable element.Draw the control parameter according to detailed process utilization experiment trial and error procedure, observe the temperature response curve of regulating extrusion process, gather examination repeatedly, till quality of regulation is satisfied with
The concrete implementation step of described test trial and error procedure comprises:
(1) proportion control of adjusting earlier, the proportion control effect is big by changing to for a short time, observe the corresponding response of each time, fast until obtaining reaction, the response curve that overshoot is little, if system does not have steady-state error, perhaps steady-state error is in claimed range, and the response time meet the demands, then only need to adopt a proportion control to get final product, at this moment, can determine proportionality coefficient.
(2) under the control of proportional controller, steady-state error can not meet the demands, then need add integration control, when adjusting integral element, earlier the proportionality coefficient of selecting in the step (1) is reduced, can be reduced to originally 50%～80%, will put a higher value, the response curve of observation system the time of integration again; Then, reduce the time of integration, strengthen integral action, and corresponding adjusting proportionality coefficient, adjust repeatedly, examination is gathered repeatedly, obtaining satisfied response, thereby determines the parameter of ratio and integration.
(3) if through step (2), ratio-integration control can only be eliminated steady-state error, and dynamic process can not be satisfactory, then should add differential control, constitutes PID control.
During the Tuning PID Controller device, putting derivative time earlier is zero, then, strengthen derivative time gradually, and correspondingly change the proportionality coefficient and the time of integration simultaneously, examination is gathered repeatedly, up to obtaining satisfied temperature-responsive, the result who adjusts makes the settling time of control system short, and maximum deviation and overshoot are low, the constant temperature curve is straight, and static difference is less.
Establish after the PID control method, this principle is incorporated in the three-dimensional finite element simulation software, simulate extruding in conjunction with concrete magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy extrusion section bar cross sectional shape and extrusion process parameters (as extrusion billet and tool temperature, initial compression speed etc.), realization is by the analog simulation under the computer environment, the constant compression temperature is simulated the isothermal extrusion speed curve that just draws this deformation process after finishing in advance.Pid control parameter is adjusted by the extrusion die draft experiment and is concentrated on the extruding starting stage.Can realize the PID control procedure of variable element according to outlet temperature situation of change real time altering parameter value in extrusion process behind the parameter tuning.This method can be predicted isothermal extrusion technology by extrusion process used for forming is once simulated just.Extrusion speed is adjusted timely in simulation extrusion process, and the virtual emulation technology can significantly reduce cost, saves the time of analyzing and debugging pressurizing unit, makes whole process convenient, reliable.
The present invention adopts the isothermal extrusion speed curve that is obtained, directly import the control system of extruder, utilize the change of extrusion speed to control the constant of workpiece maximum temperature, the temperature difference on extruding outlet variation of temperature and the goods cross section all is controlled at ± 10 ℃ scope in.Performance reaches unanimity before and after making extrudate extrusion process, reduces the section bar angularity significantly, thereby reduces the tension straingtening deflection of section bar, and under the prerequisite that guarantees the profile size precision, the amount of warpage of wide cut section bar reduces.The power and the variations in temperature of die surface remain unchanged substantially, are of value to the service life that prolongs mould, improve the dimensional stability of extruded product.Extruder production efficiency improves more than 20 ~ 25%.
Description of drawings
AZ31 magnesium alloy cross section bar simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve among Fig. 1 embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 implements that AZ31 magnesium alloy cross section bar isothermal is squeezed in different crush stroke place workpiece temperature distribution schematic diagram in 1; Wherein (a) is isothermal crush stroke 40mm place workpiece temperature distribution schematic diagram, (b) is isothermal crush stroke 120mm place workpiece temperature distribution schematic diagram;
AZ31 magnesium alloy hollow square tube simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve among Fig. 3 embodiment 2;
The variation schematic diagram of AZ31 magnesium alloy hollow square tube isothermal extrusion process extruding force and die surface power among Fig. 4 embodiment 2;
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The temperature control that waits of the unlubricated extrusion process of AZ31 magnesium alloy cross section bar flat-die is simulated.Select the highest goal temperature T of workpiece
0Value is 400 ℃, and the blank initial temperature is 350 ℃, and the temperature of compression tool (recipient, dummy block and mould) is made as 300 ℃.Initial compression speed is made as 8mm/s.After 1000 steps of analog computation, workpiece begins extrusion die, rises to 401 ℃ rapidly in 1230 maximum temperatures that go on foot workpiece, begins to add the control of PID this moment.Because variations in temperature is bigger, the sampling period should get short in to improve the continuity of control accuracy and control as far as possible at the control initial stage, and the fetch cycle is 20 step-lengths, corresponding to extrusion axis displacement S=0.4mm.In the time of after extruding reached for 3000 steps, the fetch cycle is 50 step-lengths, corresponding to extrusion axis displacement S=1mm.Formula (4) is applied in these warm-extrusion dies plans T
kBe the instantaneous maximum temperature of workpiece in the crush stroke when sampling for the k time, sampling period T is made as crush stroke S, e (k)=T
0-T
kAs long as determine K
P, K
I, K
DAnd S, three deviation of measuring value just can draw control increment mouth u (k) before and after using.
Utilize method that the experiment examination gathers the pid parameter of this simulation process to be adjusted according to the pid parameter principle of adjusting, when a usage ratio is regulated, K
PGet the value between 0～20, reaction speed of the more little control of its value is slow more, and temperature reaches target temperature value needs the long period, and also is difficult to the target temperature value that reaches stable, promptly all has static difference in long crush stroke.K
PGet greater than 20 value or bigger, fluctuation has appearred in temperature, the control unstability, can not be stable reach target temperature value, regulate so add integration on this basis, promptly PI regulates, and gets a K who determines
PValue constantly increases K then
IValue, promptly increase the effect of integration, K
IWhen getting the value between 0～5, control still exists certain static difference, K in a long time
IWhen getting the value between 5～10, static difference has obtained good elimination, and the maximum temperature of workpiece can be good at being stable at target temperature value.Therefore this simulation isothermal extrusion experiment does not need to add derivation regulating action again, adopts PI to regulate.Get K by constantly gathering examination, drawing on this basis
P=7, K
ITemperature control in=7 o'clock obtains response speed faster, and can eliminate static difference, has obtained the good temperature control effect that waits.
Finally draw simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve as shown in Figure 1.In the Simulation result extrusion process during different crush stroke in die orifice and the blank temperature inside (see figure 2) that reaches unanimity that distributes.Simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve is input in the Extruder Control device pushes, die temperature is constant in 400 ± 5 ℃, obtains uniform and stable, the flawless extruding cross of performance section bar before and after the extrusion process.Rate curve by input can push repeatedly, and production efficiency improves 20～25%.
Embodiment 2:
Wall thickness is that the temperature control that waits of the AZ31 magnesium alloy hollow square tube divergent die extrusion process of 1.5mm is simulated.The target temperature value of selecting workpiece to go out die orifice 4mm place is 400 ℃, and the blank initial temperature is 350 ℃, and the temperature of compression tool (recipient, dummy block and mould) is made as 300 ℃, and initial compression speed is 3mm/s.When simulation proceeded to for 1700 steps, workpiece was full of the seam chamber, and workpiece begins extrusion mould-outlet, workpiece temperature rises rapidly, and the temperature that goes out the die orifice place at 2900 steps place's workpiece reaches 402 ℃, begins to add the control of PID this moment, sampling period is got 100 step-lengths, i.e. extrusion axis displacement S=0.2mm.Square tube extruding outlet temperature is responsive more to the variation of extrusion speed, so scale parameter K
PLess.And only using K
PWhen value was controlled, whole process still existed static difference, and control can not reach stable state.Regulate so add integration on this basis, get a K who determines
PValue constantly increases K
IValue, promptly increase the effect of integration, K
IWhen the value of getting between 0～5, static difference has obtained good elimination, and the workpiece outlet temperature can be good at being stable near the target temperature value.Get K by constantly gathering examination, drawing
P=4, K
ITemperature control in=4 o'clock obtains response speed faster, and can eliminate static difference, has obtained the good temperature control effect that waits.When simulation proceeded to for 15000 steps, the fluctuation of temperature was less, and the fetch cycle is 200 step-lengths, corresponding to extrusion axis displacement S=0.4mm.Fluctuation appears in temperature when 35800 steps, therefore the control parameter has been carried out adjusting again, obtains K
P=2, K
I=2 control, and obtain stabilization preferably.When extruding reached for 41000 steps, do not influence again under the successional condition of control for increasing computational speed, the cycle was 500 steps, corresponding to extrusion axis displacement S=1mm.When 54000 steps, control procedure begins to occur static difference, and control can not reach stable state, obtains K
P=1, K
I=1 controls, and has all obtained better controlled up to the extruding end temp.
The temperature of the measurement point of workpiece can be good at being stabilized near the target temperature in the The whole control adjustment process, and its steady-state error is ± 2 ℃, obtains the good temperature control effect that waits.Extruding force is littler than conventional extruding, can improve extruding efficient.The surperficial stressed of mould tends towards stability in whole process, helps improving the dimensional stability (see figure 4) of product.Squeeze out the product of function admirable, homogeneous according to the simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve (see figure 3) that is obtained, extruding production efficiency is improved.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of high strength alumin ium alloy or magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method based on numerical simulation, extrusion speed by control extruder main plunger makes the workpiece outlet temperature constant, it is characterized in that, isothermal extrusion speed change curve obtains by numerical simulation, the control method of described extrusion speed is: according to the workpiece to be processed performance, set workpiece export goal temperature, the initial temperature of workpiece and the temperature of compression tool, then the workpiece to be processed extrusion process used for forming is carried out disposable simulation, periodically detect workpiece simulation outlet temperature, when it departs from described export goal temperature, adopt PID control at once, regulate extrusion speed continuously, finish up to extrusion process, draw the simulation isothermal extrusion speed change curve that adapts with described workpiece to be processed performance by numerical simulation, simulate isothermal extrusion speed change curve the most at last and be input to the speed control system of extruder, that the workpiece outlet temperature is kept is constant for the extrusion speed of control extruder main plunger in the actual production of aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
2, according to claim 1 described high strength alumin ium alloy or magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method based on numerical simulation, it is characterized in that, described PID control is to be input variable with the deviation set between workpiece export goal temperature and the practical work piece outlet temperature, is the method control of output variable with the extrusion speed increment of extruder main plunger.
3, according to claim 1 described high strength alumin ium alloy or magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method based on numerical simulation, it is characterized in that, the Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law in the closed-loop control theory is adopted in described PID control, and wherein the control law of Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law is:
Δu(k)＝Ae(k)-Be(k-1)+Ce(k-2)
Δ u (k) in the formula---control increment
K---sampling sequence number, k=0,1,2...
E (k)---the workpiece outlet temperature deviate of the k time sampling instant input
E (k-1)---the workpiece outlet temperature deviate of the k-1 time sampling instant input
E (k-2)---the workpiece outlet temperature deviate of the k-2 time sampling instant input
A＝K
P+KI+K
D B＝K
P+2K
D C＝K
D
And K
P---proportionality coefficient
K
I---integral coefficient,
K
D---differential coefficient,
Wherein, T is the sampling period, T
1Be integration time constant, T
DBe derivative time.
4, according to claim 3 described high strength alumin ium alloy or magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method, it is characterized in that, in the control parameter K of Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law described in the extrusion die draft experiment based on numerical simulation
P, K
I, K
DThe test trial and error procedure of adopting engineering to adjust in the method is adjusted to it.
5, according to claim 4 described high strength alumin ium alloy or magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion method based on numerical simulation, it is characterized in that, the control parameter of described Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pid control law is adjusted by the extrusion die draft experiment, concentrate on the extruding starting stage, can realize the PID control procedure of variable element according to workpiece outlet temperature situation of change real time altering parameter value in extrusion process behind the parameter tuning.
6, according to claim 4 or 5 described high strength alumin ium alloy or magnesium alloy equi-temperature extrusion methods, it is characterized in that the concrete implementation step of described test trial and error procedure comprises based on numerical simulation:
(1) proportion control of adjusting earlier, the proportion control effect is big by changing to for a short time, observe the corresponding response of each time, fast until obtaining reaction, the response curve that overshoot is little, if system does not have steady-state error, perhaps steady-state error is in claimed range, and the response time meet the demands, then only need to adopt a proportion control to get final product, at this moment, can determine proportionality coefficient;
(2) under the control of proportional controller, steady-state error can not meet the demands, and then need add integration control, when adjusting integral element, earlier the proportionality coefficient of selecting in the step (1) is reduced, and will put a higher value, the response curve of observation system the time of integration again; Then, reduce the time of integration, strengthen integral action, and corresponding adjusting proportionality coefficient, adjust repeatedly, examination is gathered repeatedly, obtaining stable response, thereby determines proportionality coefficient and integral coefficient;
(3) if through step (2), proportion control and integration control can only be eliminated steady-state error, and there is error in dynamic process, then should add differential control, constitute PID control;
During the Tuning PID Controller device, putting derivative time earlier is zero, then, strengthens derivative time gradually, and correspondingly changes the proportionality coefficient and the time of integration simultaneously, and examination is gathered repeatedly.
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| CN101329290B (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-01-19 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for forecasting different constituent elements segregation distribution in the multi-constituent element alloy graining process |
| CN102601152B (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2014-03-26 | 北京科技大学 | Method for realizing synthermal extrusion through technological parameter combination control |
| CN103279596B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2017-04-05 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of variable speed control warm extrusion method based on numerical simulation |
| CN103949489B (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-01-20 | 中南大学 | A kind of Isothermal Extrusion rate curve acquisition methods based on numerical simulation |
| CN104959395B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-04-26 | 广西大学 | Isothermal extrusion processing method of square pipe aluminum alloy section |
| CN105045233B (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-09-19 | 国电科学技术研究院 | The Optimization Design of PID controller based on time metric in Power Plant Thermal system |
| CN107262547A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of temperature intelligence controlling device of extruder Isothermal Extrusion |
| CN107808064B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2021-04-27 | 武汉理工大学 | Optimization design method of short-flow extrusion forming process of blast furnace tuyere front-end cap body |
| CN108246845B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江申吉钛业股份有限公司 | Titanium alloy plate isothermal bending process optimization method |
| CN110069031B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2023-12-19 | 湖北大学 | High-temperature sensitive pressure sensing control system and method |
| CN112947629B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-03-22 | 北京京仪自动化装备技术有限公司 | Semiconductor temperature control equipment and temperature control method |
| CN114632833A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-17 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Isothermal extrusion die and extrusion method thereof |
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