Power supply inverter
Technical field
The invention belongs to power supply device, specifically, is a kind of power supply inverter of general generator.
Background technology
General generator mainly is used under the power-off condition, or there is not the environment of power supply, be the power consumption equipment power supply, in the logical machine generator is installed, the alternating current of conventional electric generators output forms DC power supply after the rectification of half control rectifier bridge, send to power supply inverter, the conventional power source inverter comprises inverter circuit, filter circuit, light driver for isolating and inverter controller, wherein the power end of inverter circuit obtains the DC power supply of half control rectifier bridge output, the control end of inverter circuit connects inverter controller through the light driver for isolating, the output output inversion electricity of inverter circuit is given the input of filter circuit, behind the filter circuit filter shape, its two output sine wave output voltages.Known single-phase generator is two utmost point synchronous generators, what take is that AVR adjusting rotor excitation current carries out pressure regulation, in order to guarantee that output rated voltage is identical with civil power with frequency, so no matter the rotating speed of generator is when being unloaded, semi-load or heavy duty, all being to be operated in fixing rotating speed, is 3000 rev/mins during output 50Hz, is 3600 rev/mins during output 60Hz, to cause certain energy waste, also not environmental protection like this; And inverter circuit sinusoidal waveform aberration rate is very big, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, Fig. 1 is that unloaded waveform, Fig. 2 are fully loaded waveform, common irregularity of wave form reaches about 20%, be difficult to be controlled at below 5% of national Specification, voltage and frequency fluctuation are big, and under-voltage do not have slowly or just with response speed overvoltage protection, and the demanding equipment of power quality is caused damage easily; The open and close machine of generator all needs artificial on-the-spot the intervention, controls also cumbersome.
The shortcoming of existing inverter is: big voltage of the aberration rate of output waveform and frequency fluctuation are big, and under-voltage do not have slowly or just with response speed overvoltage protection, and can't regulate power output according to load variations.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that prior art exists, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of power supply inverter, and it can reduce the aberration rate of output waveform, and can regulate power output according to load variations.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of power supply inverter, comprise inverter circuit, filter circuit, light driver for isolating and inverter controller, wherein inverter circuit output output inversion electricity is given the input of described filter circuit, the sine voltage of two output outputs of this filter circuit, it is characterized in that: described inverter controller is PIC microcomputer controller MCU, the first output PA of this PIC microcomputer controller MCU is connected the input of described smooth driver for isolating with the second output PB, the output of this light driver for isolating connects the control end of described inverter circuit;
PIC microcomputer controller MCU the first output PA and the impulse wave of the second output PB output voltage value stabilization, the frequency period of its impulse wave is constant, ripple is wide descending, ascending again, changes by sinusoidal rule.
Described smooth driver for isolating comprises first, second, third, fourth optocoupler, and described inverter circuit is an IGBT inversion H bridge, and this IGBT inversion H bridge comprises first, second, third, fourth switching tube;
Wherein the input of the first, the 3rd optocoupler is attempted by on the first output PA of described PIC microcomputer controller MCU, and the input of the second, the 4th optocoupler is attempted by on the second output PB of described PIC microcomputer controller MCU;
The output of described first optocoupler is connected with the negative pole of first diode, the positive pole of this first diode connects the grid of described first switching tube, the output of described second optocoupler is connected with the negative pole of second diode, the positive pole of this second diode connects the grid of described the 3rd switching tube, the output of described the 3rd optocoupler is connected with the negative pole of the 3rd diode, the positive pole of the 3rd diode connects the grid of described the 4th switching tube, the output of described the 4th optocoupler is connected with the negative pole of the 4th diode, the positive pole of the 4th diode connects the grid of described second switch pipe, and described first, second, the 3rd, the two ends of the 4th diode all are parallel with resistance respectively;
The source electrode of described the first, the 3rd switching tube is attempted by on the positive pole of DC high-voltage power supply, the drain electrode of described first switching tube connects the source electrode of second switch pipe, the drain electrode of described the 3rd switching tube connects the source electrode of the 4th switching tube, the drain electrode of described the second, the 4th switching tube is attempted by on the ground wire of DC high-voltage power supply, is connected with resistance respectively between the grid of described first, second, third, fourth switching tube and the drain electrode;
DC high-voltage power supply provides high power DC for the power end of IGBT inversion H bridge.DC high-voltage power supply forms DC power supply from the alternating current of generator output after the rectification of half control rectifier bridge.
The drain electrode of described first switching tube and the 3rd switching tube connects described filter circuit as the output of inverter circuit.
After the filtered circuit shaping of impulse wave of first, second, third, fourth switching tube output, generate sine wave, the wide part of its medium wave is shaped as sinusoidal wave crest, and the narrow part of ripple is shaped as trough.By PIC microcomputer controller MCU, IGBT inversion H bridge and filter circuit, the electric energy that generator produces is by inversion again, the sine waveform frequency of its output is fully by PIC microcomputer controller MCU, MCU can be according to the difference of environmental demand, adjust operating frequency and voltage, simultaneously, sine-shaped aberration rate has been suppressed in 2.5%, meets 5% national supply standard fully.
Described PIC microcomputer controller MCU is provided with test side A/D1, this test side A/D1 is connected with the output of dc voltage detector, described dc voltage detector is connected with the power end of described inverter circuit, and dc voltage detector obtains the input voltage value A of inverter circuit power end;
Described PIC microcomputer controller MCU also is provided with voltage detecting end A/D2, this voltage detecting end A/D2 is connected with the output of output voltage detector, two test sides of described output voltage detector are connected on two outputs of described filter circuit, and output voltage detector obtains the output voltage values B of filter circuit;
Memory stores in the described PIC microcomputer controller MCU has input reference voltage value A, output reference voltage value B, driving pulse frequency reference value C and driving pulse width reference value D.
Described PIC microcomputer controller MCU is provided with:
The device that is used to begin;
Be used to obtain the device of described input voltage value A ';
Be used to read the device of described input reference voltage value A;
Be used to judge that described A ' is whether more than or equal to the device of A;
If A ', then returns the described device that is used to obtain described input voltage value A ' less than A;
If A ' more than or equal to A, then carries out the device that is used to read described driving pulse frequency reference value C;
Compare the size of A ' and A, whether the electric energy that judging DC high-voltage power supply is exactly provided meets the generating requirement, and MCU will start the misoperation that can avoid surge voltage to cause after time-delay a period of time;
Be used to read the device of described driving pulse width reference value D;
Pulse frequency can be set as required in advance, and as 50Hz, 60Hz, the pulse frequency that satisfies varying environment is provided with requirement.Can also set driving pulse width reference value D in advance according to the load size, guarantee that generator is in optimum Working;
Be used to export the device of driving pulse;
Be used to obtain the device of output voltage values B ';
Be used to read the device of output reference voltage value B;
Be used to judge that described B ' is whether greater than the device of B;
If B ' greater than B, then carries out the device that is used to reduce driving pulse width reference value D;
Return the described device that is used to read described driving pulse width reference value D;
If B ' is not more than B, then carries out and be used to judge that described B ' is whether less than the device of B;
If B ' less than B, then carries out the device that is used to strengthen driving pulse width reference value D;
Return the described device that is used to read described driving pulse width reference value D;
If B ' equals B, then carry out the device that judges whether shutdown command;
According to the size of output reference voltage value B, adjust the size of output voltage values B ', make B ' value infinitely near the B value, guarantee that generator is in optimum Working;
If do not obtain shutdown command, then return the described device that is used to read described driving pulse width reference value D;
If acquisition shutdown command;
Then carry out and be used to the device that shuts down and finish.
Described PIC microcomputer controller MCU also is provided with current detecting end A/D3, this current detecting end A/D3 is connected with the output of output current detector, two test sides of this output current detector are serially connected on the circuit of output terminal of described filter circuit, and described PIC microcomputer controller MCU obtains the detected value of described output current detector.
The detected value of output current detector output is sent into PIC microcomputer controller MCU, and MCU compares current value and current protection value, when promptly close the first output PA and the second output PB greater than this value, stops to export impulse wave, the protection whole system.
The power end Vcc of described first optocoupler is connected with the negative pole of first bootstrap diode, the positive pole of this first bootstrap diode connects positive supply, the power end Vcc of first optocoupler also is connected with the positive pole of first bootstrap capacitor, the negative pole of this first bootstrap capacitor meets the logically potential end Vss of described first optocoupler, this logically potential end Vss also connect the drain electrode of described first switching tube;
The power end Vcc of described second optocoupler is connected with the negative pole of second bootstrap diode, the positive pole of this second bootstrap diode connects positive supply, the power end Vcc of second optocoupler also is connected with the positive pole of second bootstrap capacitor, the negative pole of this second bootstrap capacitor meets the logically potential end Vss of described second optocoupler, this logically potential end Vss also connect the drain electrode of described the 3rd switching tube;
The logically potential end Vss of described the 3rd, the 4th optocoupler connects together, and connects together with the drain electrode of described the second, the 4th switching tube.
Conventional optocoupler control switch Manifold technology; for avoiding the impact of reverse current to power supply and optocoupler; all be to adopt four-way power supply to be respectively four optocoupler power supplies; bootstrap diode and bootstrap capacitor have played the effect of insulation blocking; only need two road power supplys just can realize the safe power supply of four optocouplers; save taking up room of power supply, reduced cost.
Beneficial effect: can regulate the corresponding work frequency according to different regions, make generator be operated in the optimum efficiency state, simultaneously, reduce the sine-shaped aberration rate of generator, also save taking up room of power supply, reduce cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the unloaded waveform of existing generator output;
Fig. 2 is the fully loaded waveform of existing generator output,
Fig. 3 is a theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of light driver for isolating, IGBT inversion H bridge and filter circuit;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of optocoupler;
Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of PIC microcomputer controller MCU;
Fig. 7 is the output waveform of PA, PB end among the PIC microcomputer controller MCU, and the contrast of the sine wave after other filter circuit shaping figure.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of power supply inverter, comprise inverter circuit 5, filter circuit 6, light driver for isolating 11 and inverter controller 2, wherein inverter circuit 5 outputs output inversion electricity is given the input of described filter circuit 6, the sine voltage of two output outputs of this filter circuit 6, it is characterized in that: described inverter controller 2 is PIC microcomputer controller MCU, the first output PA of this PIC microcomputer controller MCU is connected the input of described smooth driver for isolating 11 with the second output PB, the output of this light driver for isolating 11 connects the control end of described inverter circuit 5;
The impulse wave of the first output PA of PIC microcomputer controller MCU and the second output PB output voltage value stabilization, the frequency period of its impulse wave is constant, and ripple is wide descending, ascending again, changes by sinusoidal rule.
MCU adopts 8 low single-chip microcomputer PIC16F883 of performance high price, and antijamming capability is strong, and abundant A/D interface is arranged, and enhancement mode CCP and ISP communication function, can use its inner hardware just can produce the control of SPWM waveform and frequency acquisition easily.
Shown in Fig. 3,4,5, described smooth driver for isolating 11 comprises first, second, third, fourth optocoupler U7, U8, U9, U10, described inverter circuit 5 is an IGBT inversion H bridge, and this IGBT inversion H bridge comprises first, second, third, fourth switching tube Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4;
Wherein the input of the first, the 3rd optocoupler U7, U9 is attempted by on the first output PA of described PIC microcomputer controller MCU, and the input of the second, the 4th optocoupler U8, U10 is attempted by on the second output PB of described PIC microcomputer controller MCU;
The output of the described first optocoupler U7 is connected with the negative pole of the first diode D14, the positive pole of this first diode D14 connects the grid of the described first switching tube Q1, the output of the described second optocoupler U8 is connected with the negative pole of the second diode D16, the positive pole of this second diode D16 connects the grid of described the 3rd switching tube Q3, the output of described the 3rd optocoupler U9 is connected with the negative pole of the 3rd diode D17, the positive pole of the 3rd diode D17 connects the grid of described the 4th switching tube Q4, the output of described the 4th optocoupler U10 is connected with the negative pole of the 4th diode D18, the positive pole of the 4th diode D18 connects the grid of described second switch pipe Q2, described first, second, the 3rd, the 4th diode D14, D16, D17, the two ends of D18 all are parallel with resistance respectively;
The source electrode of described the first, the 3rd switching tube Q1, Q3 is attempted by on the positive pole of DC high-voltage power supply, the drain electrode of the described first switching tube Q1 connects the source electrode of second switch pipe Q2, the drain electrode of described the 3rd switching tube Q3 connects the source electrode of the 4th switching tube Q4, the drain electrode of described the second, the 4th switching tube Q2, Q4 is attempted by on the ground wire of DC high-voltage power supply, is connected with resistance respectively between the grid of described first, second, third, fourth switching tube Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and the drain electrode;
DC high-voltage power supply provides high power DC for the power end of IGBT inversion H bridge.DC high-voltage power supply forms DC power supply from the alternating current of generator output after 3 rectifications of half control rectifier bridge.
The drain electrode of described first switching tube Q1 and the 3rd switching tube Q3 connects described filter circuit 6 as the output of inverter circuit 5.
As shown in Figure 7, after filtered circuit 6 shapings of impulse wave of first, second, third, fourth switching tube Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 output, generate sine wave, the wide part of its medium wave is shaped as sinusoidal wave crest, and the narrow part of ripple is shaped as trough.By PIC microcomputer controller MCU, IGBT inversion H bridge and filter circuit 6, the electric energy that generator produces is by inversion again, the sine waveform frequency of its output is fully by PIC microcomputer controller MCU, MCU can be according to the difference of environmental demand, adjust operating frequency and voltage, simultaneously, sine-shaped aberration rate has been suppressed in 2.5%, meets 5% national supply standard fully.
As shown in Figure 3, described PIC microcomputer controller MCU is provided with test side A/D1, this test side A/D1 is connected with the output of dc voltage detector 10, described dc voltage detector 10 is connected with the power end of described inverter circuit 5, and dc voltage detector 10 obtains the input voltage value A of inverter circuit 5 power ends;
Described PIC microcomputer controller MCU also is provided with voltage detecting end A/D2, this voltage detecting end A/D2 is connected with the output of output voltage detector 7, two test sides of described output voltage detector 7 are connected on two outputs of described filter circuit 6, and output voltage detector 7 obtains the output voltage values B of filter circuit 6;
Memory stores in the described PIC microcomputer controller MCU has input reference voltage value A, output reference voltage value B, driving pulse frequency reference value C and driving pulse width reference value D.
As shown in Figure 6, described PIG microcomputer controller MCU is provided with:
The device that is used to begin;
Be used to obtain the device of described input voltage value A ';
Be used to read the device of described input reference voltage value A;
Be used to judge that described A ' is whether more than or equal to the device of A;
If A ', then returns the described device that is used to obtain described input voltage value A ' less than A;
If A ' more than or equal to A, then carries out the device that is used to read described driving pulse frequency reference value C;
Compare the size of A ' and A, whether the electric energy that judging DC high-voltage power supply is exactly provided meets the generating requirement, and MCU will start the misoperation that can avoid surge voltage to cause after time-delay a period of time;
Be used to read the device of described driving pulse width reference value D;
Pulse frequency can be set as required in advance, and as 50Hz, 60Hz, the pulse frequency that satisfies varying environment is provided with requirement.Can also set driving pulse width reference value D in advance according to the load size, guarantee that generator is in optimum Working;
Be used to export the device of driving pulse;
Be used to obtain the device of output voltage values B ';
Be used to read the device of output reference voltage value B;
Be used to judge that described B ' is whether greater than the device of B;
If B ' greater than B, then carries out the device that is used to reduce driving pulse width reference value D;
Return the described device that is used to read described driving pulse width reference value D;
If B ' is not more than B, then carries out and be used to judge that described B ' is whether less than the device of B;
If B ' less than B, then carries out the device that is used to strengthen driving pulse width reference value D;
Return the described device that is used to read described driving pulse width reference value D;
If B ' equals B, then carry out the device that judges whether shutdown command;
According to the size of output reference voltage value B, adjust the size of output voltage values B ', make B ' value infinitely near the B value, guarantee that generator is in optimum Working;
If do not obtain shutdown command, then return the described device that is used to read described driving pulse width reference value D;
If acquisition shutdown command;
Then carry out and be used to the device that shuts down and finish.
As shown in Figure 3, described PIC microcomputer controller MCU also is provided with current detecting end A/D3, this current detecting end A/D3 is connected with the output of output current detector 8, two test sides of this output current detector 8 are serially connected on the circuit of output terminal of described filter circuit 6, and described PIC microcomputer controller MCU obtains the detected value of described output current detector 8.
The detected value of current detector 8 outputs is sent into PIC microcomputer controller MCU, and MCU compares current value and current protection value, as the first output PA that promptly closes greater than this value and the second output PB, stops to export impulse wave, the protection whole system.
As shown in Figure 4, the power end Vcc of the described first optocoupler U7 is connected with the negative pole of the first bootstrap diode D13, the positive pole of this first bootstrap diode D13 connects positive supply, the power end Vcc of the first optocoupler U7 also is connected with the positive pole of the first bootstrap capacitor C52, the negative pole of this first bootstrap capacitor C52 meets the logically potential end Vss of the described first optocoupler U7, this logically potential end Vss also connect the drain electrode of the described first switching tube Q1;
The power end Vcc of the described second optocoupler U8 is connected with the negative pole of the second bootstrap diode D15, the positive pole of this second bootstrap diode D15 connects positive supply, the power end Vcc of the second optocoupler U8 also is connected with the positive pole of the second bootstrap capacitor C54, the negative pole of this second bootstrap capacitor C54 meets the logically potential end Vss of the described second optocoupler U8, this logically potential end Vss also connect the drain electrode of described the 3rd switching tube Q3;
The logically potential end Vss of described the 3rd, the 4th optocoupler U9, U10 connects together, and connects together with the drain electrode of described the second, the 4th switching tube Q2, Q4.
Conventional optocoupler control switch Manifold technology; for avoiding the impact of reverse current to power supply and optocoupler; all be to adopt four-way power supply to be respectively four optocoupler power supplies; bootstrap diode and bootstrap capacitor have played the effect of insulation blocking; only need two road power supplys just can realize the safe power supply of four optocouplers; save taking up room of power supply, reduced cost.
Its operation principle is:
The first output PA of PIC microcomputer controller MCU and second output PB output impulse wave, the power of this waveform and voltage are amplified by IGBT inversion H bridge, IGBT inversion H bridge amplification kinetic energy from generator 1 and three-phase half control rectifier bridge 3, the filtered circuit 6 of impulse wave that IGBT inversion H bridge amplifies output is shaped to the little electric current of aberration rate and outwards carries.