CN100498785C - Multidimensional data reading and writing method and apparatus in on-line analytical processing system - Google Patents

Multidimensional data reading and writing method and apparatus in on-line analytical processing system Download PDF

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CN100498785C
CN100498785C CNB2006101456534A CN200610145653A CN100498785C CN 100498785 C CN100498785 C CN 100498785C CN B2006101456534 A CNB2006101456534 A CN B2006101456534A CN 200610145653 A CN200610145653 A CN 200610145653A CN 100498785 C CN100498785 C CN 100498785C
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CN1949226A (en
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林志贤
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Kingdee Software China Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to many dimensions data read-write method and device in on-line analytical processing system. It includes the following steps: getting original data from the data source; setting each dimensionality member random combination for the original data; writing the metric value data of the combination and its corresponding original data in the internal memory; using the combination to read corresponding metric value data from the internal memory. It uses Hash table or array form to write in and read out while read-write data from the internal memory. The many dimensions data model is stored as Hash table form which is good for internal memory storing and inquiring. While read-write small data quantity, the Hash table takes up little internal memory space which will not be the bottle-neck of the system performance, realize small data quantity OLAP storing and inquiring based on internal memory.

Description

The method and apparatus of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of computer technology, be meant the method and apparatus of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system especially.
Background technology
In today of science and technology fast development, the data of the needs statistics in the social every field all rapidly increase, and the record of mass data, inquiry bring new developing direction for computer technology, and new technical task is provided.
Enterprise Resources Plan (ERP, Enterprise Recourse Planning) system is the new data management mode of bringing of enterprise.By ERP system, enterprise can use more efficiently, all kinds of resources of management enterprise.Store lot of data in the ERP database, from the analyzing and processing process, analyze the working time that generally needs the multilist operation, grows, if directly utilize existing data are made a strategic decision in the database of ERP operation system analysis and reasoning, will influence the efficient of ERP system, and cause busy network data transmission.Therefore need be in conjunction with on-line analysing processing system (OLAP, Online Analytic Processing).
The management decision personnel carry out multidimensional analysis from different angles, fast and flexible ground to the data the data warehouse by OLAP and handle.The OLAP system mainly comprises multidimensional on-line analysing processing system MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP) and concerns on-line analysing processing system ROLAP (Relational OLAP).From in logic, the OLAP abstract model comprises structural model and interrogation model, and structural model is represented the various objects of cube, and interrogation model is illustrated in these inquiries above object.During realization structural model and interrogation model are mapped as the physics realization model.In the OLAP structural model, core is the cube cube, i.e. cube (Cube).Contain a large amount of generation data and aggregated data among the Cube, aggregated data is by the decision of dimension hierarchical structure, and the complexity of dimension number, dimension number of members and hierarchical structure has determined the data volume of aggregated data.Wherein, dimension is the special angle of people's observed data, as time dimension, geography dimensionality etc.The user on certain dimension, can also have the level of detail different levels during observed data each describe aspect.As, time dimension comprises: date, month, season, year.Value during the member that comprises in the dimension on the dimension is the description of data position in certain dimension.As, " certain year is in such a month, and on such a day " is the description of position on time dimension.By each different dimensions, observation data more flexibly.Each data among the Cube are all corresponding to a member in each dimension, and the combination by member in each dimension can inquire corresponding data.
Data structure for multidimensional, olap server has different implementations in the storage of data with inquiring about, but mostly be applied to mass data, during processing, olap server stores in advance from the mass data in the data source, and generation Cube data, the user by olap server when different dimensions are carried out data analysis, the magnanimity Cube data that generate in the olap server are divided into a plurality of partial datas, a part of data are read at every turn and set up report data in the internal memory, after again the report data of setting up in the internal memory being combined into complete form, be shown on user's the terminal.
Above-mentioned when carrying out the OLAP data analysis, mainly be inquiry, the analysis that is applied to mass data, and the Cube data of inquiry generate in olap server.For the storage and the inquiry of small data quantity, if still adopt olap server to generate the Cube data, carry out inquiry, the analysis of Cube data again by olap server, will be to producing bigger waste on the olap server utilization ratio.And, also do not have total solution at present for inquiry, the analysis of small data quantity.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention reside in the method and apparatus that the read-write of multidimensional data in a kind of on-line analysing processing system is provided, with the storage that solves above-mentioned small data quantity and the problem of inquiry.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides the method for multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system, comprising:
When described multidimensional data is carried out query analysis, directly obtain primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
Extract the member from each dimension respectively, set the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and set up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
With described dimension member's combination in any key word Key as Hash table, with the metric data of described corresponding dimension member combination value Value as Hash table, the metric data of described combination and the described corresponding combination form with Hash table is written in the internal memory, from internal memory, reads corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
Wherein, described reading comprises:
Utilize described key word Key, from internal memory, read corresponding metric data.
The present invention also provides the method for multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system, comprising:
When described multidimensional data is carried out query analysis, directly obtain primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
Extract the member from each dimension respectively, set the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and set up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
Member's the corresponding Multidimensional numerical of whole combination in any in foundation and each dimension in internal memory, with the corresponding metric data of described combination write with the corresponding memory headroom of described array index in, from internal memory, read corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
Wherein, described reading comprises:
Utilize described array index, from internal memory, read corresponding data.
The present invention also provides the device of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system, comprising:
Data acquisition unit when being used for that described multidimensional data carried out query analysis, directly obtains primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
The combination generation unit is used for extracting the member from each dimension respectively, sets the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and sets up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
The memory read-write unit, be used for described dimension member's combination in any key word Key as Hash table, with the metric data of described corresponding dimension member combination value Value as Hash table, the metric data of described combination and the described corresponding combination form with Hash table is written in the internal memory, from internal memory, reads corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
Wherein, described memory read-write unit is used to utilize described key word Key, reads corresponding metric data from internal memory.
The present invention also provides the device of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system, comprising:
Data acquisition unit when being used for that described multidimensional data carried out query analysis, directly obtains primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
The combination generation unit is used for extracting the member from each dimension respectively, sets the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and sets up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
The memory read-write unit, the corresponding Multidimensional numerical of whole combination in any that is used for member in internal memory foundation and each dimension, with the corresponding metric data of described combination write with the corresponding memory headroom of described array index in, from internal memory, read corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
Wherein, described memory read-write unit is used to utilize described array index, reads corresponding metric data from internal memory.
Method and apparatus of the present invention, the OLAP storage and the inquiry that have solved small data quantity are all handled storage and the inquiry of the OLAP of small data quantity in internal memory.In internal memory, read and write multidimensional data, the multidimensional data model is stored with the form of Hash table, help the storage and the inquiry of internal memory more.And for the read-write of small data quantity, Hash table committed memory space is little, can not produce bottleneck to system performance, has ideally solved OLAP storage and inquiry based on the small data quantity of internal memory.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the data structure diagram of dimension member relation in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the corresponding relation figure of dimension member and data in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
No matter are transregional company, enterprise or government bodies today of global economy fast development, all can have every day lot of data to need to handle, and these data comprise each classification, as producing and selling, routine office work etc.The decision maker makes a strategic decision to market sale, manufacturing schedule by the mass data that generates is analyzed.But for some small company, the data of the generation of every day are less, if use the OLAP system of big type analysis mass data, then can waste bigger system resource.
Elaborate the process of thought of the present invention and specific implementation below, the present invention is mainly used in the OLAP of the embedded small data quantity of internal memory.For the multidimensional data that generates, the present invention carries out analyzing and processing with combination and the data storage corresponding with it of member in each dimension in internal memory.Referring to Fig. 1,
Key step of the present invention comprises:
Step S101: from data source, obtain out primary data;
Step S102: member's combination in any in each dimension in the setting primary data;
Step S103: the metric data in the corresponding primary data with it of described combination are written in the internal memory, utilize described combination from described internal memory, to read corresponding metric data.
Provide specific embodiments of the invention below.
For the data that company produces, need the dimension (Dimension) of preliminary setting data, dimension: being the special angle of people's observed data, is the generic attribute when considering a problem, and community set constitutes a dimension (time dimension, geography dimensionality etc.).
The level of dimension (Level): be that certain special angle (be certain dimension) of people's observed data can also exist different each of level of detail to describe the aspect.As: time dimension: date, month, season, year.
The member of dimension (Member): the value on the dimension is the description of data position in certain dimension.As: " certain year is in such a month, and on such a day " is the description of position on time dimension.
By each different dimensions, observation data more flexibly.The hierarchical relationship of each dimension is to store with the data structure of tree type, is convenient to like this carry out gathering and assembling of data.
Provide specific embodiments of the invention below.For ease of more clearly understanding the present invention, dimension is example with the three-dimensional in an embodiment of the present invention.
With the data instance of Express Mail Service company, when carrying out olap analysis, need from data source, to obtain earlier data, data source can be a database or with the data of all kinds of format software storages.After obtaining primary data, take out the dimension member in the primary data, member's combination in any in each dimension in the setting primary data is by the corresponding relation generation dimension member combination of dimension member and metric data and the corresponding relation of metric data.As, the data that Express Mail Service company produces comprise three dimensions, are respectively source, route and time.The hierarchical relationship of each dimension is referring to Fig. 2.The dimension member in source comprises: aviation, sea route, highway, four members of railway; The dimension member of route comprises: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, six members of South America; The dimension member of time comprises: the first quarter, the second quarter, the third season, fourth quarter four members.Take out a member on each dimension arbitrarily, the combination of composition is called tuple, as (aviation, Africa, the first quarter); (aviation, South America, the second quarter) etc.Corresponding to one group of metric data, in these group metric data, comprise one or more data in each tuple.
The member in each dimension and the corresponding relation of data are referring to Fig. 3.In Fig. 3, dimension member and corresponding data show with cubical form.In cube, three dimensions and two metrics are arranged, what the cell in the cube was stored is metric, metric is represented factual data.The cell corresponding as tuple (aviation, Africa, the first quarter) is 190 and 99/02/17 to two metrics should be arranged, and (aviation, South America, the second quarter), corresponding cell was 490 and 99/06/03 to two metrics should be arranged.Each cell in the cube is also corresponding to a member on each dimension.Because the present invention finally is applied to small data quantity, therefore in whole cube, data quantity stored is sparse.At OLAP, in the time of in storing internal memory into, the easiest, quick with the form storage of Hash table based on the small data quantity of internal memory.In each speech like sound,, when calling hash function, all can automatically the form of data with Hash table be stored in the internal memory as JAVA, VC++ or the like.
During storage, can be with the key word Key of tuple, with the Value value of metric as hash function as hash function.The specific implementation code is as follows:
Public?void?put(Object?key,Object?value);
Public?Object?get(Object?key);
Wherein, put and get function are used for storage and reading of data.Tuple and metric are stored as Hash table, do not need the hierarchical relationship of special processing dimension; During reading of data, can from internal memory, read corresponding data according to key word key by the get function.
Hash table is a kind of data structure of searching fast of can realizing, need carry out a series of and comparison key word when searching record.Lookup method is to be based upon on the basis of comparison, the number of comparisons that the efficient of searching depends in the search procedure to be carried out.
Ideal situation is directly to find the record that needs, and therefore must set up a kind of definite corresponding relation between memory location of writing down and its key word, makes each key word corresponding with unique memory location of storage data.
Hash function can have multiple corresponding relation between the memory location of record and its key word when realizing, every kind of corresponding relation is being searched the advantage that all has on speed and the efficient separately.When setting up corresponding relation, need to determine earlier the Key value, promptly determine a Key value, determine the address of data in internal memory by the Key value by the member who forms each tuple.The mode of determining is mainly by following several, as:
Immediately allocating method is directly the Key value to be stored data as the address in the internal memory.The characteristics of this mode are to calculate simply, and conflict is minimum.
Digital analysis method is that some numerical digits with Key are as the address in the internal memory.
Middle square method, be with Key several of centres after squared as the address in the internal memory.
Jackknife method is that the Key value is divided into the identical several parts of figure place (figure place of last part can different), gets the stack of this several sections and (casting out carry) then as the address in the internal memory.
Leaving remainder method is the Key value to be not more than the long number of Hash table table by certain to remove back gained remainder be memory address.
Random number method is to select a random function, with the random function value of Key value as memory address.
Hash function mostly is a corresponding relation of determining memory address and storage data by above-mentioned several functions when determining the corresponding relation of Key value and Value value.
The user is carrying out OLAP when operation, and the member on each dimension can pass through father node shown in Figure 2, promptly gathers the member on the rank, and obtaining that child node is positioned at is the Key value of member on the dimension and the Value value that need gather.As:
Gathering other member of level first half of the year on the query time dimension, during the corresponding metric of the tuple of forming with aviation, Africa (aviation, Africa, the first half of the year), find out two child nodes (aviation, Africa, the first quarter) in (aviation, Africa, the first half of the year) and the Key value of (aviation, Africa, the second quarter) earlier, the metric in (aviation, Africa, the first half of the year) just can gather by the pairing Value value of the Key value gathering of inquiry (aviation, Africa, the first quarter) and (aviation, Africa, the second quarter) and obtains.Can handle by the hierarchical relationship of node between father node in the dimension and the child node during realization.
With the Hash table storage, the space hold of storage is less, and utilization factor is higher, and is difficult for OLAP causes system when realizing based on internal memory performance bottleneck.
The present invention is a kind of incessantly in the mode that tuple and its corresponding metric are written in the internal memory, and the mode of multiple realization is arranged, and can also be written in the internal memory in the mode of array.When the mode with array was written in the internal memory, all tuples that need in advance each dimension member can be formed were distributed corresponding memory headroom.The corresponding array dimension of each dimension, the combination of the corresponding tuple of the subscript value in each space in the array.The storage space of the subscript value corresponding stored unit in space is used for the data of being stored in the array.
The storage mode of array and Hash table is different, and array need take the space of all each tuple correspondences in advance, because the data of small data quantity are sparse in whole array, can cause the waste of certain space.Hash table is continuous allocation space in data storage along with the continuous storage of data.Therefore, when internal memory writes data, can more can improve system effectiveness than the form of array with the form of Hash table, because the memory headroom that takies is few, system can use more memory headroom to finish other work.
The present invention also provides the device of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system, comprising:
Data acquisition unit 401 is used for extracting primary data from data source, and is sent to combination generation unit 402 and memory read-write unit 403;
Combination generation unit 402 is used for utilizing primary data to set each dimension member's combination in any, and described combined information is sent to memory read-write unit 403;
Memory read-write unit 403 is used for the metric data of described combination and its corresponding primary data are written in the internal memory, utilizes described combination reading corresponding data from described internal memory.
In device of the present invention, described memory read-write unit 402 is used for the key word Key of described combination in any as Hash table, with the value Value of described corresponding metric data, described combination and the described corresponding metric data form with Hash table is written in the internal memory as Hash table.
In device of the present invention, described memory read-write unit 403 is used to utilize described key word Key, reads corresponding metric data from internal memory.
In device of the present invention, described memory read-write unit 403 is used for the corresponding Multidimensional numerical of whole combination in any of member in internal memory foundation and each dimension;
With the corresponding metric data of described combination write with the corresponding memory headroom of described array index in.
In device of the present invention, described memory read-write unit 403 is used to utilize described array index, reads corresponding metric data from internal memory.
For method and apparatus of the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1, the method for multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system is characterized in that, comprising:
When described multidimensional data is carried out query analysis, directly obtain primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
Extract the member from each dimension respectively, set the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and set up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
With described dimension member's combination in any key word Key as Hash table, with the metric data of corresponding dimension member combination value Value as Hash table, the metric data of described combination and the described corresponding combination form with Hash table is written in the internal memory, from internal memory, reads corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reading comprises:
Utilize described key word Key, from internal memory, read corresponding metric data.
3, the method for multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system is characterized in that, comprising:
When described multidimensional data is carried out query analysis, directly obtain primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
Extract the member from each dimension respectively, set the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and set up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
Member's the corresponding Multidimensional numerical of whole combination in any in foundation and each dimension in internal memory, with the corresponding metric data of described combination write with the corresponding memory headroom of described array index in, from internal memory, read corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described reading comprises:
Utilize described array index, from internal memory, read corresponding data.
5, the device of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system is characterized in that, comprising:
Data acquisition unit when being used for that described multidimensional data carried out query analysis, directly obtains primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
The combination generation unit is used for extracting the member from each dimension respectively, sets the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and sets up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
The memory read-write unit, be used for described dimension member's combination in any key word Key as Hash table, with the metric data of corresponding dimension member combination value Value as Hash table, the metric data of described combination and the described corresponding combination form with Hash table is written in the internal memory, from internal memory, reads corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
6, device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described memory read-write unit is used to utilize described key word Key, reads corresponding metric data from internal memory.
7, the device of multidimensional data read-write in a kind of on-line analysing processing system is characterized in that, comprising:
Data acquisition unit when being used for that described multidimensional data carried out query analysis, directly obtains primary data from data source; Wherein, described primary data is divided into a plurality of dimensions, and each dimension comprises a plurality of members;
The combination generation unit is used for extracting the member from each dimension respectively, sets the combination in any of each dimension member in the described primary data, and sets up the mapping relations between dimension member combination and the metric data;
The memory read-write unit, the corresponding Multidimensional numerical of whole combination in any that is used for member in internal memory foundation and each dimension, with the corresponding metric data of described combination write with the corresponding memory headroom of described array index in, from internal memory, read corresponding metric data according to dimension member combination during inquiry.
8, device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described memory read-write unit is used to utilize described array index, reads corresponding metric data from internal memory.
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