Building anchor bolt
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building anchor bolt, relate to a kind of building anchor bolt.
Background technology
From first piece of crab-bolt of the fifties Germany invention, the research of crab-bolt, production and application have the history of five more than ten years.Along with carrying out of making of old housing reform, structural strengthening comprehensively, add the upgrading of the increasing of layer engineering, architecture indoor exterior decoration, diversified building curtain wall is installed, nuclear power station foundation and construction such as subway, subway, advantageously impels the fast development of back anchor connection technology.
In developed country and area, the application of crab-bolt is very extensive, has contained all civil engineerings such as building, road, bridge, subway, water conservancy and nuclear power station.Europe, Germany, France, the U.S., Japan and other countries have been carried out a large amount of research and experiments to the product and the application of crab-bolt in the world, constantly have novel crab-bolt product to come out.
In building structure, crab-bolt is because of the reliability and the installation flexibility of its anchoring, just progressively replace built-in fitting in many aspects, fix at shelf, use in a large number in the engineerings such as equipment installation, curtain wall installation, plug-in stone material, the anchoring of external wall outer insulation material, door and window installation, road guard, support of pipelines, architectural decoration and renovation of building, reinforcing, become a kind of product that has development prospect.
Intumescent and back cut type building anchor bolt belong to a series products, and advantage is easy for installation, and shortcoming is that swelling stress is concentrated, and the zone of swelling area is quite limited, generally is no more than the sectional area of crab-bolt screw rod.When crab-bolt during at pretension, crab-bolt has been enough to make the base material concrete to crack at the stress that zone of swelling produces.When crab-bolt load increased, crackle spread immediately.Although the situation of crackle diffusion is difficult for being found, actual conditions are that base material concrete part is thoroughly destroyed.When load continued or further strengthens, the concrete failure mode auger of base material embodied and resembles generation.
Please cooperate shown in Fig. 1,2, commonly use the analysis of building anchor bolt mechanical model.
When crab-bolt is subjected to external force F, certainly lead to power f balance with it between the zone of swelling of crab-bolt and the concrete (base material), like this could be effectively fixing by the member of anchoring.
Generally, C25 strength grade concrete is widely used, and the compression strength value of C25 is 25N/mm
2, i.e. 25Mpa.When selecting high strength grade concrete C55 for use, the compression strength value of C55 is 55N/mm
2, i.e. 55Mpa.Concrete is subjected to external force and does the time spent, and when the numerical value of pressure during less than the concrete standard intensity level, concrete is reliable, anchorage element safety.When the numerical value of pressure during greater than the concrete standard intensity level, concrete will be damaged or be destroyed at once, anchorage element danger.
At present, the building anchor bolt kind of commonly using has: foundation bevel-type crab-bolt is expanded in the back, end shallow embedding type crab-bolt, the follow-up expansion sleeve crab-bolt of moment of torsion control type, the follow-up dilating screw crab-bolt of moment of torsion control type, moment of torsion control type screw rod crab-bolt are expanded in the back.The mechanical property of above-mentioned all kinds of crab-bolts all can be described by Fig. 1.Obviously,, depend primarily on the crab-bolt zone of swelling of crab-bolt and coagulation soil phase effect by the member safety of anchoring whether, the size of the effective contact area of crab-bolt zone of swelling has directly embodied the security performance of anchoring in the same numeral concrete.From " mechanical design handbook " connect with fastening chapters and sections see that the zone of swelling maximum of foundation bevel-type crab-bolt is expanded in the back, when effectively contact area is maximum be: π (D
2-d
2)/4, wherein, D is concrete aperture, d is the crab-bolt screw diameter.
Be exemplified below:
Foundation bevel-type crab-bolt model: FZA22 * 125M16/60 is expanded in the back
D ≌ 16mm calculates crab-bolt screw rod sectional area S
d=201mm
2,
D ≌ 22mm calculates crab-bolt zone of swelling maximum contact area S
D=179mm
2,
Work as C35, when not ftractureing concrete, ignore the back gauge influence.Check in: tension Design of Bearing Capacity value N when the concrete cone lost efficacy
Rd, c=1.54 * 32.2 ≌ 50KN, local compression load N=50KN/179mm when calculating the inefficacy of concrete cone
2≌ 279Mpa, apparent: 1, C35 normal intensity value is 35N/mm
2, i.e. 35Mpa.The concrete part is subjected to the effect of 279Mpa load, causes the generation and the diffusion of concrete localized cracks, is the main cause that the concrete cone lost efficacy.2, only 249Mpa (50KN/201mm of the suffered load of foundation bevel-type crab-bolt is expanded in the back
2).And 8.8 grades building anchor bolt tensional load is 800Mpa.
The present invention is drawn by above-mentioned analysis:
One, the ability of building anchor bolt tensional load can not demonstrate fully;
Two, it is quite limited that all kinds of building anchor bolts of commonly using effectively transmit the contact area of power, and to force non-cracking concrete to crack phenomenon very serious for habituation;
Three, the traditional expansion fashion of building anchor bolt must be broken, and effectively the concrete structure of protection is not destroyed, and demonstrates fully the good ability of building anchor bolt tensional load simultaneously, guarantees by the anchorage element safety.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of building anchor bolt, it can effectively protect concrete structure not to be destroyed, and demonstrates fully the good ability of building anchor bolt tensional load simultaneously, guarantees by the anchorage element safety.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is made up of nut, screw rod and two expansion pieces at least, screw rod has thread segment and bolt head, nut driving is on this thread segment, several expansion pieces are nested with one by one on the screw flight section, and the same end of each expansion piece forms several expansion pieces, and the corresponding adjacent expansion piece of the other end then forms lozenges, and the corresponding expansion piece of nut or screw rod also forms lozenges.
Wherein, thin in above-mentioned screw rod is divided into, outer thick two sections, the lining section be a thread segment, and outer section has the bolt head that is used to screw.
Above-mentioned bolt head directly is integrally formed in outer section of screw rod.
Outer section branch of above-mentioned bolt head and screw rod is body formed, offers internal thread hole in outer section end of screw rod, and the first end of bolt cooperates outer section that is fixed on screw rod with internal thread hole.
Above-mentioned each expansion piece is established several sections joint-cuttings and is formed several expansion pieces by cuing open towards an end of nut, and the corresponding expansion piece of nut forms lozenges.
Above-mentioned each expansion piece is established several sections joint-cuttings and is formed several expansion pieces by cuing open towards the first end of the bolt of screw rod, and the corresponding expansion piece of screw rod forms lozenges.
The two ends of above-mentioned each expansion piece all form at interval several expansion pieces, and the corresponding adjacent expansion piece in interval then forms lozenges, also form several expansion pieces on the nut at interval, and corresponding expansion piece also forms lozenges on the interval of nut and the screw rod.
Above-mentioned screw flight section also is connected to one group of screw rod, expansion piece and nut by threaded engagement.
The two ends of above-mentioned each expansion piece all form several expansion pieces at interval, and the corresponding adjacent expansion piece in interval then forms lozenges, and corresponding expansion piece also forms lozenges on the screw rod.
The lozenges that above-mentioned each expansion piece correspondence cooperates with it also forms approaching face.
After adopting said structure, when the present invention installs, on body of wall, hole, several expansion pieces are nested with on the screw flight section, and nut is spun on the screw flight section, more plug-in thing is hung on screw rod by on the position of bolt head, then, with nut inwardly, insert in the pre-drilled porthole together with expansion piece, screw rod, screw screw rod and get final product, perhaps inwardly bolt head, insert in the pre-drilled porthole together with expansion piece, screw rod, screw nut and get final product.
The present invention compares with the building anchor bolt of commonly using, and has the following advantages:
One, when identical base material concrete strength, adopt the present invention as securing member, can adopt the high strength crab-bolt, greatly promoted safety, lifeline.
Two, the present invention is under the expansion effectively and uniformly of a plurality of expansion pieces, produced multistage (near continuously) between a plurality of expansion pieces and body of wall on the face of cylinder of screw rod and cooperated closely.No matter substrate material variation or condition of construction force substrate material to produce crackle and cavity, can exist multistage the closely cooperating between a plurality of expansion pieces and base material that load is effectively disperseed on the face of cylinder of screw rod, thereby on securing member, obtain reliable fastening force.The present invention will be contained different substrate materials fields such as masonry, light weight concrete construction, steel concrete, stone material and metal construction, the multi-field crab-bolt of unlike materials such as more can derive nylon, plastics, stainless steel, carbon element and alloy steel, aluminum metal structure.
Three, the present invention is identical with the porthole diameter near the screw diameter in the metope hole, and crab-bolt shear stress is promoted a grade, and the dynamic load performance is that to commonly use all kinds of crab-bolts unrivaled.
Four, when wall body structure is more open (such as the body of wall of: old street and mature city building), crab-bolt of the present invention can prestresseds, make its multiple expansion spare expand in advance, and whole external diameter can strengthen indirectly, makes it fastening effectively object.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a stressed schematic diagram of commonly using building anchor bolt;
Fig. 2 commonly uses the effect schematic diagram that the concrete localized cracks appears after stressed in building anchor bolt;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 4 is the use schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 6 is the use schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 8 is the use schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 9 is the plane exploded view of the embodiment of the invention four;
Figure 10 is the combination schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention four;
Figure 11 is the plane exploded view of the embodiment of the invention five;
Figure 12 is the combination schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention five;
Figure 13 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention six;
Figure 14 is a stressed schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the effect schematic diagram that the concrete localized cracks appears after stressed in the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Shown in Fig. 3 and 5, be two kinds of forms of the present invention, form by nut 1, screw rod 2 and at least two expansion pieces 3 (number of expansion piece 3 can be decided according to need).
Thin in screw rod 2 is divided into, outer thick two section 21,22, in section 21 be thread segment, nut 1 is screwed on this thread segment, outer section 22 has the bolt head 23 that is used to screw, bolt head 23 can directly be integrally formed in outer section 22 of screw rod 2 as shown in Figure 3, also can be as shown in Figure 5 with outer section of screw rod 2 22 minutes body formed, internal thread hole 25 is offered in the end of section 22 outside screw rod 2, bolt head 23 1 ends cooperate with internal thread hole 25 and are fixed on screw rod 2 sections 22 end outward.The diameter of screw rod 2 outer sections 22 is consistent with the porthole diameter to be good (as shown in Figure 4).
Several expansion pieces 3 are nested with one by one on section 21 in the screw rod 2, and the same end of each expansion piece 3 by cut open establish several sections joint-cuttings form several expansion pieces 31 (this structure with commonly use structural similarity, so do not do three-dimensional icon), the corresponding adjacent expansion piece 31 of the other end then forms lozenges 32 and (also can form approaching face again by this lozenges 32 at expansion piece 31, expansion in order to expansion piece 31, this is common structure, so label does not describe in detail), outer section 22 corresponding expansion piece 31 of nut 1 or screw rod 2 also forms lozenges 11 and 24, specifically, shown in Fig. 3 and 4, each expansion piece 3 is established several sections joint-cuttings and is formed several expansion pieces 31 by cuing open towards an end of screw rod 2 bolt heads 23, outer section 22 corresponding expansion piece 31 of screw rod 2 forms lozenges 24, also can be as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, each expansion piece 3 is established several sections joint-cuttings and is formed several expansion pieces 31 by cuing open towards an end of nut 1, and nut 1 corresponding expansion piece 31 forms lozenges 11.
Shown in Fig. 7 and 9, be two kinds of forms more of the present invention for another example, also form by nut 1, screw rod 2 and at least two expansion pieces 3 (number of expansion piece 3 can be decided according to need).
Thin in screw rod 2 is divided into, outer thick two section 21,22, in section 21 be thread segment, nut 1 is screwed on this thread segment, outer section 22 has the bolt head 23 that is used to screw, bolt head 23 can directly be integrally formed in the end of screw rod 2 outer sections 22 as shown in Figure 7, also can be shown in Fig. 9,10 body formed with the end parts of screw rod 2 outer sections 22, internal thread hole 25 be offered in the end of section 22 screw rod 2 outside, and bolt head 23 1 ends cooperate with internal thread hole 25 and are fixed on outside the screw rod 2 sections 22 end.The diameter of screw rod 2 outer sections 22 is consistent with the porthole diameter to be good, as shown in Figure 8.
Several expansion pieces 3 are nested with one by one on section 21 in the screw rod 2, and each expansion piece 3 form several expansion pieces 31 (this structure with commonly use structural similarity, so do not do three-dimensional icon) and lozenges 32, concrete structure is shown in Fig. 7-10, the two ends of each expansion piece 3 all form several expansion pieces 31 at interval, the expansion piece 31 at each expansion piece 3 two ends is inserted in the interval of the expansion piece 31 of adjacent expansion piece 3, also form several expansion pieces 13 on the nut 1 at interval, expansion piece 13 also is inserted in the interval of the expansion piece 31 of adjacent expansion piece 3, and the corresponding adjacent expansion piece 31 in the interval of each expansion piece 3,13 form lozenges 32, and nut 1 also forms lozenges 11 and 24 with screw rod 2 corresponding expansion pieces 31.
Shown in Figure 11,12, be another kind of form of the present invention, also form by nut 1, screw rod 2 and at least two expansion pieces 3 (number of expansion piece 3 can be decided according to need).This embodiment is on the basis of Fig. 9,10 illustrated embodiments, thread segment (lining section) at screw rod 2 is connected to one group of screw rod 20, expansion piece 30 and nut 10 again by threaded engagement, the structure of screw rod 20, expansion piece 30 and nut 10 and screw rod 2, expansion piece 3 are similar with nut 1, so do not give unnecessary details.
When the present invention installs, as Fig. 4,6, shown in 8, on body of wall, hole, several expansion pieces 3 are nested with on section 21 in the screw rod 2, and with nut 1 be spun on screw rod 2 in the section 21 on, again plug-in thing A is hung on outer section 22 of screw rod 2, then, with nut 1 inwardly, together with expansion piece 3, screw rod 2 inserts in the pre-drilled porthole together, screw screw rod 2, several expansion pieces 3 are squeezed and produce distortion, expansion piece 31 outwards struts, screw rod 2 screw threads are produced constraint, produce self-lock force, be beneficial to screw rod 2 and screw, order is installed more convenient, when being threaded to expansion piece 31 and closely cooperating, even screw rod 2 with porthole, expansion piece 31 and porthole are firm, stably cooperate, if pulling screw rod 2, tension uniform be distributed in screw rod 2 in the section 21 on, stress distribution is even, thereby prevents that effectively screw rod 2 from loosing from porthole, and tensile strength is strong, reach the effect of standing screw 2, simultaneously, plug-in thing A is fastened on the screw rod 2 by bolt head 23, and, because the diameter of screw rod 2 outer sections 22 is obviously bigger than commonly using screw rod 2 ', so can promote the shear strength of screw rod 2 effectively.
And for example shown in Figure 13, it is another form of the present invention, also by nut 1, screw rod 2 and at least two expansion pieces 3 (number of expansion piece 3 can be decided according to need) are formed, this embodiment compares with the embodiment of front, section and outer section in its screw rod 2 is regardless of, and it is identical with common screw, on whole screw rod 2, has screw thread, nut 1 is screwed on this thread segment, screw rod 2 has bolt head 23, and several expansion pieces 3 are nested with one by one on the thread segment of screw rod 2, and the same end of each expansion piece 3 forms several expansion pieces 31, the corresponding adjacent expansion piece 31 of the other end then forms lozenges 32, and screw rod 2 corresponding expansion pieces 31 also form lozenges 24.When this embodiment installs, on body of wall, hole, with bolt head 23 inwardly, insert in the pre-drilled porthole, screw nut 1 and get final product together with expansion piece 3, screw rod 2.
The transmission analysis of power of the present invention is referring to shown in Figure 14,15:
The present invention is the segmented expansion owing to innovated unique expansion piece, make the present invention contain to commonly use the advantage of intumescent and back cut type building anchor bolt, abandoned shortcoming, the expansion area is greatly improved, the area of zone of swelling can accomplish to commonly use more than 10 times of crab-bolt sectional area, the crab-bolt zone of swelling passes to the reduction of the very big amplitude of the concrete load of base material, has guaranteed the concrete safety of base material, and the payload capability of crab-bolt is given a full play of.
Be exemplified below:
Expand foundation bevel-type crab-bolt model after 8.8 grades of the analogies: FZA22 * 125M16/60, d ≌ 16mm calculates crab-bolt screw rod sectional area S
d=201mm
2, expansion effective area of the present invention reaches S
D=2000mm
2The time, calculate concrete local compression load=50KN/2000mm
2≌ 25Mpa, as seen, when the C35 condition, what bore the concrete part is safe load.Under same case, promote supporting capacity 28.6%{ (35-25)/35}.
Promote back tension Design of Bearing Capacity value:
N=1.54 * 1.286 * 32.2 ≌ 64.3KN (concrete part bear be safe load)
Tension Design of Bearing Capacity value when the concrete cone after the lifting lost efficacy:
∵ N
Rd, c/ 2000mm
2The concrete cone lost efficacy during=279Mpa
∴ N
Rd, c=558KN this shows, concrete security performance is greatly improved.
The present invention adopts the multisection type design according to technical requirements, and the crab-bolt degree of depth increases (more than the 20d) greatly, and crab-bolt expansion area also improves at double along with the increase of the crab-bolt degree of depth, and the reliability of fastener and safety are fully credible.And, since the multisection type design, the lifting of the crab-bolt degree of depth and expansion area, near the chemical anchor bolts design pitch, the application space is enlarged the crab-bolt installing space, and in a word, the multipole multisection type intumescent of the present invention bar planting technology will be brought brand-new beginning.