CN100497190C - Low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device - Google Patents
Low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低位热能喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏海水淡化方法及装置,属于海水或苦咸水淡化技术领域。所述的海水淡化装置包括设有喷嘴和除沫器的喷雾蒸发室,其空气进口与气水分离器连接,并在连接管路上设有风机和加热器;多效蒸馏装置的首效加热蒸汽进、出口分别与喷雾蒸发室湿热空气出口、气水分离器中部端口连通,各效二次蒸汽作为下一效加热蒸汽,但末效二次蒸汽加压、加热后混入喷雾蒸发室排出的湿热空气;多效蒸馏装置的各效装置顶端与管壳式换热器的管程连通,底端与浓盐水管路连接。本发明利用低位热能作为淡化过程的能量来源,将喷雾蒸发和多效蒸馏技术耦合起来,实现了能源和资源的综合利用。
The invention discloses a low-level thermal energy spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device, belonging to the technical field of seawater or brackish water desalination. The seawater desalination device includes a spray evaporation chamber provided with a nozzle and a demister, the air inlet of which is connected to the gas-water separator, and a fan and a heater are arranged on the connecting pipeline; the first-effect heating steam of the multi-effect distillation device The inlet and outlet are respectively connected with the hot and humid air outlet of the spray evaporation chamber and the middle port of the gas-water separator. The secondary steam of each effect is used as the heating steam of the next effect, but the secondary steam of the last effect is pressurized and heated and mixed into the humid heat discharged from the spray evaporation chamber. Air; the top of each effect device of the multi-effect distillation device is connected with the tube side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the bottom is connected with the concentrated brine pipeline. The invention utilizes low-level thermal energy as an energy source in the desalination process, couples spray evaporation and multi-effect distillation technology, and realizes comprehensive utilization of energy and resources.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏海水淡化方法及装置,属于海水或苦咸水淡化技术领域。The invention relates to a spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device, belonging to the technical field of seawater or brackish water desalination.
背景技术 Background technique
随着我国社会和经济的发展,水资源短缺问题日益严峻,而海水及苦咸水淡化技术是解决缺水问题的有效手段。现有的工业化海水淡化方法分为热法(如多级闪蒸、多效蒸馏)和膜法(如反渗透)两大类。热法是利用热能使盐水产生相变,使水分蒸发出来,再通过冷凝得到淡水;热法淡化需要以蒸汽作为热源,能耗较高,需要配备蒸汽发生装置,设备造价高、投资大。膜法则是利用分离膜将盐水中的盐分截留或移除,进而得到淡水;膜法淡化过程都存在膜污染问题,需要定期清洗或更换膜组件,日常的操作和维护都比较复杂,因此对进料海水预处理的要求较为严格,预处理费用高。两种淡化方法产生的浓缩海水一般直接排放,虽然也可用于制盐及提取钾、镁等各类化学元素,但仍需要二次浓缩。With the development of our country's society and economy, the problem of water shortage is becoming more and more serious, and seawater and brackish water desalination technology is an effective means to solve the problem of water shortage. The existing industrial seawater desalination methods are divided into two categories: thermal methods (such as multi-stage flash evaporation, multi-effect distillation) and membrane methods (such as reverse osmosis). Thermal desalination uses thermal energy to cause a phase change in brine, evaporates water, and then condenses to obtain fresh water; thermal desalination requires steam as a heat source, which requires high energy consumption, and requires a steam generating device, which is expensive and requires a large investment. Membrane method is to use separation membrane to intercept or remove the salt in brine to obtain fresh water; there is membrane fouling problem in membrane desalination process, which requires regular cleaning or replacement of membrane components, and the daily operation and maintenance are more complicated, so the The requirements for raw seawater pretreatment are relatively strict, and the cost of pretreatment is high. The concentrated seawater produced by the two desalination methods is generally discharged directly. Although it can also be used to make salt and extract various chemical elements such as potassium and magnesium, it still needs secondary concentration.
喷雾蒸发淡化技术则避免了上述问题,该技术的原理为:将盐水呈雾状喷向热气流,使盐水中的水分迅速变为水蒸汽,于是盐水被高度浓缩或盐水中的盐分形成固体颗粒沉淀而与水分分离开来,再通过冷却含有水蒸汽的热气流就可以制得淡水。这种淡化方法在日常的操作中,不像膜法那样需要复杂的维护,也不需要配备专门用于产生蒸汽的装置,其优点还包括:可以使用低位热能作为能源,盐水浓缩比高,且对进料盐水预处理的要求较低等。研究表明,利用喷雾蒸发淡化技术,海水中95%以上的水分都可以被分离出来,沉淀出的盐分含水量很低,甚至能够直接形成固体结晶物,可以方便地用于制盐或者提取其它各类化学元素。但是喷雾蒸发淡化工艺中,为了制取淡水,含有水蒸汽的热气流在冷却过程需要使用大量的冷却水,每生产1kg淡水需要的冷却水量少则7kg左右,多则20kg以上,该技术的推广因此受到了一定的限制。The spray evaporation desalination technology avoids the above problems. The principle of this technology is: spray the brine in the form of mist to the hot air, so that the water in the brine quickly turns into water vapor, so the brine is highly concentrated or the salt in the brine forms solid particles Precipitation separates from water, and fresh water can be produced by cooling a hot air stream containing water vapor. In daily operation, this desalination method does not require complicated maintenance like the membrane method, nor does it need to be equipped with a special device for generating steam. The requirements for the pretreatment of the feed brine are relatively low. Studies have shown that by using spray evaporation desalination technology, more than 95% of the water in seawater can be separated, and the precipitated salt has a very low water content, and can even directly form solid crystals, which can be conveniently used for salt production or for extraction of various other substances. class of chemical elements. However, in the spray evaporation desalination process, in order to produce fresh water, a large amount of cooling water is required in the cooling process of the hot gas stream containing water vapor. The amount of cooling water required to produce 1 kg of fresh water ranges from about 7 kg to more than 20 kg. The promotion of this technology Therefore subject to certain restrictions.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏海水淡化方法,它将喷雾蒸发和多效蒸馏技术耦合起来,实现能源和资源的综合利用。The object of the present invention is to provide a spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation seawater desalination method, which couples spray evaporation and multi-effect distillation technology to realize comprehensive utilization of energy and resources.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏海水淡化装置。Another object of the present invention is to provide a spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation seawater desalination device.
本发明的目的是通过下述的技术方案加以实现的。The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
一种喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏海水淡化装置,其特征在于:A spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation seawater desalination device, characterized in that:
i)该装置包括一个喷雾蒸发室,在喷雾蒸发室内腔的左侧安装有盐水喷嘴,喷嘴的进口与盐水储罐出口连接,并在连接管路上设有泵;i) The device includes a spray evaporation chamber, a brine nozzle is installed on the left side of the spray evaporation chamber cavity, the inlet of the nozzle is connected to the outlet of the brine storage tank, and a pump is provided on the connecting pipeline;
j)喷雾蒸发室左侧壁上的空气进口与立式的气水分离器上端口连接,并在气水分离器至喷雾蒸发室的连接管路上依次设有风机和加热器一;j) The air inlet on the left side wall of the spray evaporation chamber is connected to the upper port of the vertical gas-water separator, and a fan and a heater 1 are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline from the gas-water separator to the spray evaporation chamber;
k)喷雾蒸发室底部设有高浓盐水出口,右侧壁上设有湿热空气出口,湿热空气出口前设有除沫器;k) The bottom of the spray evaporation chamber is provided with a high-concentration brine outlet, the right side wall is provided with a hot and humid air outlet, and a demister is installed in front of the hot and humid air outlet;
1)多效蒸馏装置的首效装置的加热蒸汽进、出口分别与喷雾蒸发室湿热空气出口、气水分离器中部端口连通,其余各效装置加热蒸汽进口均与上一效装置的二次蒸汽出口连通;1) The heating steam inlet and outlet of the first effect device of the multi-effect distillation device are respectively connected with the hot and humid air outlet of the spray evaporation chamber and the middle port of the gas-water separator, and the heating steam inlets of the other effect devices are connected with the secondary steam of the previous effect device. export connectivity;
m)多效蒸馏装置末效装置的二次蒸汽出口与首效装置加热蒸汽进口连通,并在末效装置二次蒸汽出口至首效装置加热蒸汽进口的连接管路上依次设有压缩机和加热器二;m) The secondary steam outlet of the final effect device of the multi-effect distillation device is connected with the heating steam inlet of the first effect device, and a compressor and a heater are arranged in sequence on the connecting pipeline from the secondary steam outlet of the final effect device to the heating steam inlet of the first effect device. device two;
n)多效蒸馏装置除首效外的其余各效装置加热蒸汽冷凝水出口均与淡水管路连接;n) The outlets of the heating steam condensed water of the multi-effect distillation units except the first effect are all connected to the fresh water pipeline;
o)多效蒸馏装置的各效装置顶端与换热器的管程连通,底端与浓盐水管路连接,其中浓盐水管路上设有一支路与盐水储罐连通;o) The top of each effect device of the multi-effect distillation device is connected to the tube side of the heat exchanger, and the bottom end is connected to the concentrated brine pipeline, wherein a branch is provided on the concentrated brine pipeline to communicate with the brine storage tank;
p)换热器的壳程与气水分离器下端口连通。p) The shell side of the heat exchanger communicates with the lower port of the gas-water separator.
利用上述喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏海水淡化装置的海水淡化方法,其特征在于包括以下过程:Utilize the seawater desalination method of above-mentioned spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation seawater desalination device, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
h)空气由风机输送至加热器一,被加热后进入喷雾蒸发室;同时,盐水储罐中的浓盐水由泵输送至喷嘴,然后呈雾状喷洒于喷雾蒸发室的内腔中,与热气流接触并发生汽化;h) The air is transported by the fan to the heater 1, and enters the spray evaporation chamber after being heated; at the same time, the concentrated brine in the brine storage tank is transported to the nozzle by the pump, and then sprayed in the inner cavity of the spray evaporation chamber in the form of mist, and is mixed with the heat The gas flow contacts and vaporizes;
i)盐水雾滴汽化得到的水蒸汽与空气混合,形成的湿热空气通过除沫器后排出喷雾蒸发室;汽化后剩余的盐水雾滴在喷雾蒸发室底部浓缩、凝结为高浓盐水,并由喷雾蒸发室底部出口排出;i) The water vapor obtained from the vaporization of salt water droplets is mixed with air, and the hot and humid air formed passes through the demister and then discharged out of the spray evaporation chamber; after vaporization, the remaining salt water droplets are concentrated and condensed into high-concentration salt water at the bottom of the spray evaporation chamber, and are produced Discharge from the outlet at the bottom of the spray evaporation chamber;
j)由喷雾蒸发室排出的湿热空气进入多效蒸馏装置的首效装置的加热管,用作多效蒸馏装置的热源;湿热空气中的水分在多效蒸馏装置首效装置加热管内冷凝,冷凝水与空气一起排入气水分离器;j) The hot and humid air discharged from the spray evaporation chamber enters the heating pipe of the first effect device of the multi-effect distillation device, and is used as a heat source of the multi-effect distillation device; the moisture in the hot and humid air is condensed in the heating pipe of the first effect device of the multi-effect distillation device. Water and air are discharged into the air-water separator;
k)空气从气水分离器上端口排出并重新引入风机循环使用;水从气水分离器下端口排出,进入换热器的壳程并用于预热管程的进料盐水;k) Air is discharged from the upper port of the gas-water separator and reintroduced into the fan for recycling; water is discharged from the lower port of the gas-water separator, enters the shell side of the heat exchanger and is used to preheat the feed brine of the tube side;
1)预热后的进料盐水平流进入多效蒸馏装置的各效,蒸发浓缩后的浓盐水自各效装置的底部出口排入浓盐水管路,其中浓盐水的一部分排入盐水储罐,各效产生的二次蒸汽作为下一效的加热蒸汽;1) The preheated feed salt flows horizontally into each effect of the multi-effect distillation device, and the concentrated brine after evaporation is discharged into the brine pipeline from the bottom outlet of each effect device, and a part of the brine is discharged into the brine storage tank. The secondary steam generated by each effect is used as the heating steam for the next effect;
m)多效蒸馏装置末效二次蒸汽经压缩机压缩、加热器二加热后,与喷雾蒸发室排出的湿热空气混合;m) After the final effect secondary steam of the multi-effect distillation device is compressed by the compressor and heated by the second heater, it is mixed with the hot and humid air discharged from the spray evaporation chamber;
n)多效蒸馏装置除首效外的各效加热蒸汽冷凝水排入淡水管路。n) The condensed water of the heating steam of each effect except the first effect of the multi-effect distillation device is discharged into the fresh water pipeline.
其中,in,
上述的加热器二为太阳能集热器,或者使用低位热能作为热源的间壁式换热器。The above-mentioned heater two is a solar heat collector, or a partition heat exchanger using low-level thermal energy as a heat source.
上述的加热器二所使用的低位热能热源为地热或工厂废热。The low-level thermal energy heat source used by the above-mentioned
上述的加热器二的水蒸汽出口温度为60~250℃。The water vapor outlet temperature of the above-mentioned heater two is 60-250°C.
上述的多效蒸馏装置4的效数为1效至20效。The number of effects of the above-mentioned multi-effect distillation device 4 is 1 effect to 20 effects.
上述的换热器为管壳式结构或板框式结构。The above-mentioned heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube structure or a plate-and-frame structure.
上述的加热器一为太阳能集热器,或者使用低位热能作为热源的间壁式换热器。The above-mentioned heater one is a solar heat collector, or a partitioned wall heat exchanger using low-level thermal energy as a heat source.
上述的加热器一所使用的低位热能热源为地热或工厂废热。The low-level thermal energy heat source used by the above-mentioned heater 1 is ground heat or factory waste heat.
上述的加热器一的空气出口温度为60~250℃。The air outlet temperature of the above-mentioned heater one is 60-250°C.
本发明使用低位热能作为热源,有利于降低海水淡化的成本;在传统的多效蒸馏海水淡化工艺的基础上,通过喷雾蒸发的方法进一步从浓盐水中提取淡水,产生的高浓盐水还可用于制盐及钾、镁等化学元素的提取等海水综合利用过程,不仅提高了淡水产量,也有利于降低海水综合利用的成本,具有广泛的应用前景。The present invention uses low-level thermal energy as a heat source, which is beneficial to reduce the cost of seawater desalination; on the basis of the traditional multi-effect distillation seawater desalination process, fresh water is further extracted from concentrated brine by spray evaporation, and the produced high-concentration brine can also be used for The seawater comprehensive utilization process such as salt production and the extraction of potassium, magnesium and other chemical elements not only increases the freshwater production, but also helps to reduce the cost of comprehensive utilization of seawater, and has broad application prospects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置组成示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the device of the present invention.
图中:In the picture:
1-喷雾蒸发室;2-除沫器;3-加热器二;4-多效蒸馏装置;5-压缩机;6-换热器;7-气水分离器;8-喷嘴;9-泵;10-盐水储罐;11-风机;12-加热器一。1-spray evaporation chamber; 2-demister; 3-heater two; 4-multi-effect distillation device; 5-compressor; 6-heat exchanger; 7-gas-water separator; 8-nozzle; 9-pump ; 10-brine storage tank; 11-fan; 12-heater one.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图并通过具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments.
实施例1:Example 1:
a)空气由风机11输送至加热器一12,被加热到100℃后进入喷雾蒸发室1;同时,盐水储罐10中的浓盐水由泵9输送至喷嘴8,然后呈雾状喷洒于喷雾蒸发室1的内腔中,与热气流接触并发生汽化;a) The air is transported by the
b)盐水雾滴汽化得到的水蒸汽与空气混合,形成的湿热空气通过除沫器2后排出喷雾蒸发室1;汽化后剩余的盐水雾滴在喷雾蒸发室1底部浓缩、凝结为高浓盐水,并由喷雾蒸发室1底部出口排出;高浓盐水用于制盐及钾、镁等化学元素的提取;b) The water vapor obtained from the vaporization of salt water droplets is mixed with air, and the hot and humid air formed passes through the
c)由喷雾蒸发室1排出的湿热空气进入多效蒸馏装置4的首效装置的加热管,用作多效蒸馏装置4的热源;湿热空气中的水分在多效蒸馏装置4首效装置加热管内冷凝,冷凝水与空气一起排入气水分离器7;c) The hot and humid air discharged from the spray evaporation chamber 1 enters the heating pipe of the first effect device of the multi-effect distillation device 4, and is used as the heat source of the multi-effect distillation device 4; the moisture in the hot and humid air is heated in the first effect device of the multi-effect distillation device 4 Condensate in the tube, and the condensed water is discharged into the air-
d)空气从气水分离器7上端口排出并重新引入风机11循环使用;水从气水分离器7下端口排出,进入换热器6的壳程并用于预热管程的进料盐水;d) Air is discharged from the upper port of the gas-
e)预热后的进料盐水平流进入多效蒸馏装置4的各效,蒸发浓缩后的浓盐水自各效装置的底部出口排入浓盐水管路,其中首效装置浓盐水的一部分排入盐水储罐10,各效产生的二次蒸汽作为下一效的加热蒸汽;e) The feed salt after preheating enters each effect of multi-effect distillation device 4 horizontally, and the concentrated brine after evaporation is discharged into the concentrated brine pipeline from the bottom outlet of each effect device, wherein a part of the concentrated brine of the first effect device is discharged into The
f)多效蒸馏装置4末效二次蒸汽经压缩机5压缩、加热器二3加热后,与喷雾蒸发室1排出的湿热空气混合;f) After the final effect secondary steam of the multi-effect distillation device 4 is compressed by the
g)多效蒸馏装置4除首效外的各效加热蒸汽冷凝水排入淡水管路。g) The condensed water of the heating steam of each effect except the first effect of the multi-effect distillation device 4 is discharged into the fresh water pipeline.
本实施例所述的加热器二3和加热器一12的热源为电厂废热。The heat source of heater two 3 and heater one 12 described in this embodiment is waste heat from a power plant.
本实施例所述的进料海水流量为209kg/h,初始温度为20℃,初始浓度为3.21%;多效蒸馏装置4的效数为3效,各效的有效传热面积均为2.0m2;多效蒸馏装置4的淡水产量102.6kg/h,淡水含盐量为4.9mg/L。The feed seawater flow rate described in this embodiment is 209kg/h, the initial temperature is 20°C, and the initial concentration is 3.21%; the effect number of the multi-effect distillation device 4 is 3 effects, and the effective heat transfer area of each effect is 2.0m 2 ; the fresh water output of the multi-effect distillation unit 4 is 102.6kg/h, and the salt content of the fresh water is 4.9mg/L.
本实施例所述的风机11产生的空气流量为92.08kg干空气/h,喷雾蒸发室1产生的常压湿热空气温度为75℃,含水量为0.37kg水/kg干空气,湿热空气冷凝后所提供的淡水产量为31.07kg/h,淡水含盐量为5.1mg/L。The air flow rate produced by the
本实施例所述的喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏工艺在普通多效蒸馏工艺的基础上淡水产量增加了30.28%,增产效益明显。The spray evaporation-multi-effect distillation process described in this embodiment increases the fresh water production by 30.28% on the basis of the common multiple-effect distillation process, and the benefit of increasing production is obvious.
实施例2:Example 2:
装置及工作过程与实施例1相同,不同之处在于风机11产生的空气流量为139kg干空气/h,空气在加热器一12的加热温度为95℃,喷雾蒸发室1产生的常压湿热空气的温度为70℃,含水量为0.27kg水/kg干空气,湿热空气冷凝后所提供的淡水产量为32.4kg/h。本实施例中,多效蒸馏装置4的进料海水流量为221.1kg/h,淡水产量100.5kg/h,淡水含盐量为4.6mg/L。本实施例所述的喷雾蒸发-多效蒸馏工艺在普通多效蒸馏工艺的基础上淡水产量增加了32.24%。The device and working process are the same as in Example 1, except that the air flow produced by the
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