CN100497190C - Low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device - Google Patents

Low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100497190C
CN100497190C CNB2007100161893A CN200710016189A CN100497190C CN 100497190 C CN100497190 C CN 100497190C CN B2007100161893 A CNB2007100161893 A CN B2007100161893A CN 200710016189 A CN200710016189 A CN 200710016189A CN 100497190 C CN100497190 C CN 100497190C
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multiple
device
air
spray evaporation
effect distillation
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CNB2007100161893A
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CN101113030A (en
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高从堦
高学理
王铎
成怀刚
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中国海洋大学
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/10—Relating to general water supply, e.g. municipal or domestic water supply
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/126—Water desalination characterized by the method
    • Y02A20/128—Evaporation methods, e.g. distillation

Abstract

The invention discloses a desalting method and device. The method is designed to desalt seawater through low heat energy spray vaporization and multiple-effect seawater distillation. The invention pertains to a desalting technical field of seawater or brackish water. The desalting device comprises a spray and vapor room which is provided with a nozzle and a demister. An air inlet is connected with a separator of air and water, a fan and a heater are positioned on a connection pipe. The inlet and outlet of the first effect heating steam of the multiple-effect distillation device are separately communicated with an outlet of wet and heat air of the spray and vapor room and with a middle part port in the vapor and water separator. The second steam of the every effect is used as the heating steam for the next heating steam, but after heated and pressurized of the second steam of the final effect, the second heating steam is interfused into hot and damp air discharged from the spray vapor room. The tops of the multiple-effect distillation device are communicated with the tube pass of a shell and tube heat exchanger, and the bottom of the multiple-effect distillation device is communicated with a heavy salt water tube. The invention takes the advantages of low heat energy as the energy recourse of desalting process to couple spray vapor and multiple-effect distillation technic and realizes comprehensive utilization of the energy and resources.

Description

Low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device, belong to seawater or technique of desalinating saline water field.

Background technology

Along with Chinese society and expanding economy, the shortage of water resources problem is increasingly serious, and seawater and technique of desalinating saline water are the effective means that solves water shortage problem.Existing industrialization method for desalting seawater is divided into hot method (as multistage flash evaporation, multi-effect distilling) and embrane method (as reverse osmosis) two big classes.Hot method is to utilize heat energy to make the phase transformation of salt water generates, and moisture evaporation is come out, and obtains fresh water by condensation again; Hot method desalination need be with steam as thermal source, and energy consumption is higher, needs to be equipped with steam-generating installation, and equipment manufacturing cost height, investment are greatly.Embrane method then is to utilize separatory membrane that the salinity in the salt solution is held back or removed, and then obtains fresh water; All there is membrane pollution problem in embrane method desalination process, need regularly clean or replace membrane module, and daily operation and maintenance is more complicated all, and is therefore comparatively strict to the requirement of charging sea water preprocessing, pre-treatment expense height.Two kinds of general direct dischargings of concentrated seawater that desalination method produces, though also can be used for salt manufacturing and extract all kinds of chemical elements such as potassium, magnesium, but still need secondary concentration.

The spray evaporation desalination techniques has then been avoided the problems referred to above, the principle of this technology is: salt solution is the vaporific hot gas flow that sprays to, make the moisture in the salt solution become water vapor rapidly, so salt solution is highly concentrated or salt solution in salinity form the solid particulate precipitation and separate with moisture, the hot gas flow that contains water vapor by cooling just can make fresh water again.This desalination method is in daily operation, need complicated maintenance unlike embrane method, also do not need to be equipped with the device that is specifically designed to generation steam, its advantage also comprises: can use Lowlevel thermal energy as the energy, salt solution concentration ratio height, and lower etc. to the pretreated requirement of feed brine.Studies show that, utilize the spray evaporation desalination techniques, the moisture in the seawater more than 95% can be separated, and the salinity water content that is settled out is very low, even can directly form the solid crystal thing, can be advantageously used in salt manufacturing or extract other all kinds of chemical elements.But in the spray evaporation desalinating process, in order to produce fresh water, the hot gas flow that contains water vapor need use a large amount of water coolants in process of cooling, and the cooling water inflow that every production 1kg fresh water needs is at least about 7kg, more than the 20kg, therefore the popularization of this technology has been subjected to certain restriction at most.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method, it is coupled together spray evaporation and multi-effect distilling technology, realizes the comprehensive utilization of the energy and resource.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device.

The objective of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme.

A kind of spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device is characterized in that:

I) this device comprises a spray evaporation chamber, in the left side in the indoor chamber of spray evaporation brine-spray nozzle is installed, and the import of nozzle is connected with the outlet of salt water storage tank, and is provided with pump on connecting pipeline;

J) air intlet on the left side wall of spray evaporation chamber is connected with vertical air water separator upper port, and is provided with blower fan and well heater one at air water separator successively to the connecting pipeline of spray evaporation chamber;

K) bottom, spray evaporation chamber is provided with high strong brine outlet, and right side wall is provided with the damp-heat air outlet, is provided with scum dredger before the damp-heat air outlet;

1) head of the multiple-effect distillation device heating steam import and export of imitating device is communicated with the outlet of spray evaporation chamber damp-heat air, air water separator central port respectively, and all the other are respectively imitated device heating steam import and all export with the secondary steam of a last effect device and be communicated with;

M) the secondary steam outlet of imitating device of multiple-effect distillation device end is imitated device heating steam import and is communicated with first, and imitates the device secondary steam at the end and be exported on the connecting pipeline of head effect device heating steam import and be provided with compressor and well heater two successively;

N) multiple-effect distillation device all the other except that head is imitated are respectively imitated device heating steam condensation-water drain and all are connected with fresh water line;

O) the device top of respectively imitating of multiple-effect distillation device is communicated with the tube side of interchanger, and the bottom is connected with the strong brine pipeline, and wherein the strong brine pipeline is provided with a branch road and is communicated with the salt water storage tank;

P) shell side of interchanger is communicated with the air water separator lower port.

Utilize the method for desalting seawater of above-mentioned spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device, it is characterized in that comprising following process:

H) air is delivered to well heater one by blower fan, enters the spray evaporation chamber after being heated; Simultaneously, the strong brine in the salt water storage tank, is in the vaporific inner chamber that is sprayed on the spray evaporation chamber to nozzle then by pump delivery, contacts with hot gas flow and vaporizes;

I) water vapor and the air mixed that obtain of salt solution droplet vaporization, the damp-heat air of formation is by discharging the spray evaporation chamber behind the scum dredger; The remaining salt solution droplet in vaporization back concentrates, is condensed into high strong brine in bottom, spray evaporation chamber, and is discharged by spray evaporation chamber outlet at bottom;

J) damp-heat air of being discharged by the spray evaporation chamber head that enters multiple-effect distillation device is imitated the heating tube of device, as the thermal source of multiple-effect distillation device; Moisture in the damp-heat air is at the first device heating in-tube condensation of imitating of multiple-effect distillation device, and water of condensation enters air water separator with air;

K) air is discharged and is introduced blower fan again from the air water separator upper port and recycles; Water is discharged from the air water separator lower port, enters the shell side of interchanger and is used for the feed brine of preheating tube side;

1) the feed brine advection after the preheating enters each effect of multiple-effect distillation device, strong brine after the evaporation concentration enters the strong brine pipeline from each outlet at bottom of imitating device, wherein the part of strong brine enters the salt water storage tank, and each imitates the heating steam of the secondary steam of generation as next effect;

M) after the compressed machine compression of multiple-effect distillation device end effect secondary steam, well heater two heating, the damp-heat air of discharging with the spray evaporation chamber mixes;

N) respectively the imitate heating steam water of condensation of multiple-effect distillation device except that head is imitated enters fresh water line.

Wherein,

Above-mentioned well heater two is a solar energy collector, perhaps uses the recuperative heat exchanger of Lowlevel thermal energy as thermal source.

Above-mentioned well heater two employed Lowlevel thermal energy thermals source are underground heat or factory's used heat.

The steam outlet temperature of above-mentioned well heater two is 60～250 ℃.

The effect number of above-mentioned multiple-effect distillation device 4 is that 1 effect is to 20 effects.

Above-mentioned interchanger is tube shell type structure or plate and frame structure.

Above-mentioned well heater one is a solar energy collector, perhaps uses the recuperative heat exchanger of Lowlevel thermal energy as thermal source.

Above-mentioned well heater one employed Lowlevel thermal energy thermal source is underground heat or factory's used heat.

The air exit temp of above-mentioned well heater one is 60～250 ℃.

The present invention uses Lowlevel thermal energy as thermal source, helps reducing Cost of seawater desalination; On the basis of traditional multiple-effect distillation sea water desalting technology, method by spray evaporation is further extracted fresh water from strong brine, the high strong brine that produces also can be used for seawater such as the extraction comprehensive utilization process of chemical elements such as salt manufacturing and potassium, magnesium, not only improved fresh water yield, also help reducing the cost of seawater comprehensive utilization, be with a wide range of applications.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that apparatus of the present invention are formed synoptic diagram.

Among the figure:

1-spray evaporation chamber; The 2-scum dredger; 3-well heater two; The 4-multiple-effect distillation device; The 5-compressor; The 6-interchanger; The 7-air water separator; The 8-nozzle; The 9-pump; 10-salt water storage tank; The 11-blower fan; 12-well heater one.

Embodiment

Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by specific embodiment.

Embodiment 1:

A) air is delivered to well heater 1 by blower fan 11, enters spray evaporation chamber 1 after being heated to 100 ℃; Simultaneously, the strong brine in the salt water storage tank 10 is delivered to nozzle 8 by pump 9, is then in the vaporific inner chamber that is sprayed on spray evaporation chamber 1, contacts with hot gas flow and vaporizes;

B) water vapor and the air mixed that obtain of salt solution droplet vaporization, the damp-heat air of formation is discharged spray evaporation chambers 1 by scum dredger 2 backs; The remaining salt solution droplet in vaporization back concentrates, is condensed into high strong brine in 1 bottom, spray evaporation chamber, and is discharged by spray evaporation chamber 1 outlet at bottom; High strong brine is used for the extraction of chemical elements such as salt manufacturing and potassium, magnesium;

C) damp-heat air of being discharged by spray evaporation chamber 1 head that enters multiple-effect distillation device 4 is imitated the heating tube of device, as the thermal source of multiple-effect distillation device 4; Moisture in the damp-heat air is at the multiple-effect distillation device 4 first device heating in-tube condensations of imitating, and water of condensation enters air water separator 7 with air;

D) air is discharged and is introduced blower fan 11 again from air water separator 7 upper port and recycles; Water is discharged from air water separator 7 lower port, enters the shell side of interchanger 6 and is used for the feed brine of preheating tube side;

E) the feed brine advection after the preheating enters each effect of multiple-effect distillation device 4, strong brine after the evaporation concentration enters the strong brine pipeline from each outlet at bottom of imitating device, a wherein first part of imitating the device strong brine enters salt water storage tank 10, and each imitates the heating steam of the secondary steam of generation as next effect;

F) after compressed machine 5 compressions of multiple-effect distillation device 4 end effect secondary steams, well heater 23 heating, the damp-heat air of discharging with spray evaporation chamber 1 mixes;

G) respectively the imitate heating steam water of condensation of multiple-effect distillation device 4 except that head is imitated enters fresh water line.

The thermal source of described well heater 23 of present embodiment and well heater 1 is power plant's used heat.

The described charging seawater flow of present embodiment is 209kg/h, and initial temperature is 20 ℃, and starting point concentration is 3.21%; The effect number of multiple-effect distillation device 4 is 3 effects, and each effective heat transfer area of imitating is 2.0m 2The fresh water yield 102.6kg/h of multiple-effect distillation device 4, the fresh water saltiness is 4.9mg/L.

The air flow quantity that the described blower fan 11 of present embodiment produces is 92.08kg Dry air/ h, the normal pressure damp-heat air temperature that spray evaporation chamber 1 produces is 75 ℃, water content is 0.37kg Water/ kg Dry air, the fresh water yield that is provided after the damp-heat air condensation is 31.07kg/h, the fresh water saltiness is 5.1mg/L.

The described spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation technology of present embodiment fresh water yield on the basis of common multi-effect distilling technology has increased by 30.28%, and yield increase effect is obvious.

Embodiment 2:

Device and working process are identical with embodiment 1, and difference is that the air flow quantity that blower fan 11 produces is 139kg Dry air/ h, air is 95 ℃ in the Heating temperature of well heater 1, and the temperature of the normal pressure damp-heat air that spray evaporation chamber 1 produces is 70 ℃, and water content is 0.27kg Water/ kg Dry air, the fresh water yield that is provided after the damp-heat air condensation is 32.4kg/h.In the present embodiment, the charging seawater flow of multiple-effect distillation device 4 is 221.1kg/h, fresh water yield 100.5kg/h, and the fresh water saltiness is 4.6mg/L.The described spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation technology of present embodiment fresh water yield on the basis of common multi-effect distilling technology has increased by 32.24%.

Claims (10)

1. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device is characterized in that:
A) this device comprises a spray evaporation chamber (1), in the left side of spray evaporation chamber (1) inner chamber brine-spray nozzle (8) is installed, and the import of nozzle (8) is connected with salt water storage tank (10) outlet, and is provided with pump (9) on connecting pipeline;
B) air intlet on the left side wall of spray evaporation chamber (1) is connected with vertical air water separator (7) upper port, and is provided with blower fan (11) and well heater one (12) at air water separator (7) successively to the connecting pipeline of spray evaporation chamber (1);
C) spray evaporation chamber (1) bottom is provided with high strong brine outlet, and right side wall is provided with the damp-heat air outlet, is provided with scum dredger (2) before the damp-heat air outlet;
D) head of multiple-effect distillation device (4) the heating steam import and export of imitating device is communicated with the outlet of spray evaporation chamber (1) damp-heat air, air water separator (7) central port respectively, and all the other are respectively imitated device heating steam import and all export with the secondary steam of a last effect device and be communicated with;
E) the secondary steam outlet of imitating device of multiple-effect distillation device (4) end is imitated device heating steam import and is communicated with first, and imitates the device secondary steam at the end and be exported on the connecting pipeline of head effect device heating steam import and be provided with compressor (5) and well heater two (3) successively;
F) multiple-effect distillation device (4) all the other except that head is imitated are respectively imitated device heating steam condensation-water drain and all are connected with fresh water line;
G) the device top of respectively imitating of multiple-effect distillation device (4) is communicated with the tube side of interchanger (6), and the bottom is connected with the strong brine pipeline, and wherein the strong brine pipeline is provided with a branch road and is communicated with salt water storage tank (10);
H) shell side of interchanger (6) is communicated with air water separator (7) lower port.
2. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method is characterized in that comprising following process:
A) air is delivered to well heater one (12) by blower fan (11), enters spray evaporation chamber (1) after being heated; Simultaneously, the strong brine in the salt water storage tank (10) is delivered to nozzle (8) by pump (9), is then in the vaporific inner chamber that is sprayed on spray evaporation chamber (1), contacts with hot gas flow and vaporizes;
B) water vapour and the air mixed that obtain of salt solution droplet vaporization, the damp-heat air of formation is discharged spray evaporation chamber (1) by scum dredger (2) back; The remaining salt solution droplet in vaporization back concentrates, is condensed into high strong brine in spray evaporation chamber (1) bottom, and is discharged by spray evaporation chamber (1) outlet at bottom;
C) damp-heat air of being discharged by spray evaporation chamber (1) head that enters multiple-effect distillation device (4) is imitated the heating tube of device, as the thermal source of multiple-effect distillation device (4); Moisture in the damp-heat air is at the first device heating in-tube condensation of imitating of multiple-effect distillation device (4), and water of condensation enters air water separator (7) with air;
D) air is discharged and is introduced blower fan (11) again from air water separator (7) upper port and recycles; Water is discharged from air water separator (7) lower port, enters the shell side of interchanger (6) and is used for the feed brine of preheating tube side;
E) the feed brine advection after the preheating enters each effect of multiple-effect distillation device (4), strong brine after the evaporation concentration enters the strong brine pipeline from each outlet at bottom of imitating device, wherein the part of strong brine enters salt water storage tank (10), and each imitates the heating steam of the secondary steam of generation as next effect;
F) after the compressed machine of multiple-effect distillation device (4) end effect secondary steam (5) compression, well heater two (3) heating, the damp-heat air of discharging with spray evaporation chamber (1) mixes;
G) respectively the imitate heating steam water of condensation of multiple-effect distillation device (4) except that head is imitated enters fresh water line.
3. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: well heater two (3) is solar energy collector, perhaps uses the recuperative heat exchanger of Lowlevel thermal energy as thermal source.
4. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: well heater two (3) employed Lowlevel thermal energy thermals source are underground heat or factory's used heat.
5. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the steam outlet temperature of well heater two (3) is 60～250 ℃.
6. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the effect number of multiple-effect distillation device (4) is that 1 effect is to 20 effects.
7. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: interchanger (6) is tube shell type structure or plate and frame structure.
8. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: well heater one (12) is solar energy collector, perhaps uses the recuperative heat exchanger of Lowlevel thermal energy as thermal source.
9. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: well heater one (12) employed Lowlevel thermal energy thermal source is underground heat or factory's used heat.
10. low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the air exit temp of well heater one (12) is 60～250 ℃.
CNB2007100161893A 2007-07-05 2007-07-05 Low-position heat energy spray evaporation-multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination method and device CN100497190C (en)

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CN102107914B (en) * 2009-12-29 2012-09-05 中国神华能源股份有限公司 Material water spraying device of low-temperature multiple-effect distillation seawater desalination evaporator
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CN103951005B (en) * 2014-04-30 2018-07-17 集美大学 The more technology coupling seawater desalination plants of zero-emission and its method
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CN106322825B (en) * 2015-06-17 2018-09-14 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of function of mechanical steam recompression heat pump

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