CN100494762C - Composite antiknocking material and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an anti-seismic composite material and its manufacturing method. The material is a high-rigidity, high-strength and high-elasticoplastic material and it consists of steel member in a radial arrangement and members with the shock-absorbing performance. The number of two members can be same, or the number of the steel member is more than the number of the members. The method of manufacturing the anti-seismic composite material includes the following steps of preprocessing the steel members; welding the steel members to a box model; pouring melted material liquid with the shock-absorbing performance into the model by casting method and forming by cooling.

Description

A kind of composite antiknocking material and manufacture method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of composite antiknocking material, relate in particular to a kind of composite antiknocking material that is applied to building field and running mechanism aspect.The invention still further relates to the method for making this kind composite antiknocking material.

Background technique

The present very high strength and stiffness of material require to being used for building structure, seismic force can improve with the bearing capacity of building structure and the raising of rigidity the destruction of building.Material requirements to building structure from the angle of earthquake proof construction is high rigidity, high strength and high elastoplasticity, this is a pair of contradictory factor for rigidity and elastoplasticity, existing building structural materials strength and stiffness are high, but elasticity, plasticity are low, elasticity, the structural material strength and stiffness that plasticity is high do not reach requirement again, it is a contradiction that traditional building structural materials can't solve this, the problem of traditional building structural materials existence from the angle of earthquake proof construction that Here it is.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of composite antiknocking material, provide a kind of and not only have high strength but also have high plastoelastic composite antiknocking material, especially provide a kind of with high stiffness and high-intensity 16 manganese steel the steel member and have a kind of composite antiknocking material that the member of damping property is combined with each other, the material that member adopted with damping property can also be magnesium metal, aluminium, aluminium base graphite or aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material; The present invention also provides the method for making this composite antiknocking material.

Consult Fig. 1, Fig. 3 to Fig. 7, for the requirement that solves the material that is applied to building field and running mechanism aspect is intensity and rigidity high and elasticity and the also high conflicting technical problem of plasticity, a kind of composite antiknocking material that provides a kind of high strength and high elastoplasticity to coexist.The present invention adopts following technological scheme to realize providing a kind of composite antiknocking material, this composite antiknocking material is formed by contacting steel member of arranging and the member with damping property at interval, quantitative relation between two kinds of members can be identical, the quantity that also can be the steel member Duos 1 than the quantity of the member with damping property, what described steel member adopted is the 16Mn steel, what described member with damping property adopted is material zinc, and the material that the member with damping property in this composite antiknocking material adopts can also be a magnesium metal, aluminium, aluminium base graphite or aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material.

A kind of composite antiknocking material according to technological scheme provided is characterized in that: described steel member can be plate-type component, cylinder element or square tube member.

A kind of composite antiknocking material according to technological scheme provided is characterized in that: the material of described steel member is 16 manganese steel, and its constituent content is by weight percentage: the Fe. surplus, C.0.17, Si.0.5, Mn.1.57, S.0.05, P.0.045.

A kind of composite antiknocking material according to technological scheme provided is characterized in that: the material that described member with damping property adopts is magnesium, aluminium, aluminium base graphite or aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material, and its constituent content is respectively by weight percentage:

Magnesium .Al.2.5, Zn.0.60, Mn.0.20, Si.0.10, Fe.0.002, Cu.0.001, Ni.0.001, Mg. surplus;

Aluminium .Fe.0.07, Si.4.0, Cu.3.0, Mn.0.5, Mg.0.25, Ni.0.3, Zn.0.55, Sn.0.05, Ti.0.20, Pb.0.15, Cr.0.15, Al. surplus;

Aluminium base graphite .Al.92.0, C.8.0, graphite granule are of a size of that 300～500 μ m, Kohlenstoffgehalt are 96%～99%, all the other are ash content;

Aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material .Al.90.0, flying ash in electric power plant .10.0.Consisting of of flying ash in electric power plant particle: Na wherein ₂O.1.04, Al ₂O ₃.21.95, SiO ₂.70.18, K ₂O.2.43, CaO.0.90, TiO ₂.0.75, Fe ₂O ₃.2.75.

The present invention also provides the method for making this kind composite antiknocking material, it is characterized in that comprising following step:

1) the steel member is anticipated

(1) mechanical derusting:

With the surface of sand papering steel member, remove iron rust and other foreign material on surface;

(2) alkali cleaning oil removing:

In temperature is under 50 ℃ the condition steel member to be immersed in 7% the sodium hydroxide solution, keeps 10 minutes under 50 ℃ of temperature, can handle the greasy dirt that adheres to of steel component surface clean;

(3) hot water injection:

With 70 ℃ of hot water injection's steel component surface, removal remains in the sodium hydroxide solution of steel component surface and other impurity of sodium hydroxide solution dissolving;

(4) pickling:

Sodium hydroxide solution in order to ensure the steel component surface cleans up, and the steel member is immersed in the sulfuric acid solution of 20 grams per liters, keeps 10 minutes under 50 ℃ of temperature;

(5) hot water injection:

With 70 ℃ of hot water injection's steel component surface, removal remains in the sulfuric acid solution of steel component surface and other impurity of sulfuric acid solution dissolving;

(6) flux is handled:

Steel component surface after the processing is coated with the ammonium chloride flux of last layer 70 grams per liters, under 60 ℃ of temperature, kept 10 minutes, its effect is to prevent that steel member after the pickling is oxidized and produce new oxide layer in air, has the adhesion of the material of damping performance to the steel member with raising;

(7) oven dry:

Under 200 ℃ of temperature, keep the steel member being dried in 10 minutes;

2) the Weldable Steel member becomes box model

Steel member according to the spacing between the steel member in the desire system composite antiknocking material is arranged and anticipated is welded into box model with some auxiliary parts with it again;

3) keep temperature-resistant after the steel member that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, the material liquid with damping property that will fuse with casting process pours in the box model cooling forming in air then.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

The invention solves traditional material the problem that has high rigidity and high elastoplastic material simultaneously can not be provided.Structure by some repeatedly circuit elasticity or inelastic deformation and strength and stiffness do not have the ability of big degeneration, this specific character is called the ductility of structure.The energy that consumes in elasticity and the inelastic deformation is called the power consumption of structure, and it can be measured by the area of hysteresis loop.The ductility of structure and power consumption are two important indicators of structural damping design.Therefore, we are that the steel of high rigidity and the material with energy-dissipating property are combined with each other according to these two important indicator design composite antiknocking materials with main structure, form the structural composite material that rigidity is big, damping is good.In the vibrational energy propagation process, utilize the degradation of energy characteristic of the good damping material of energy-dissipating property, make building structural materials reach before the yield point of steel in working stress, vibration energy consumption in the middle of partial component or in the part material of member, is reached damping purpose under the main structure elastic state.

The basic skills of design work is to set up the theoretical model of material elasto plastic deformation, carries out the rigidity of sandwich and the global optimization analysis of damping capacity.Set up reasonable sectional and ratio.Consider mainly that in the interface design phase damping characteristic on two kinds of materials and the macroscopic interface thereof is to the influence of damping performance.Design have only rational choice steel member during composite antiknocking material and have the rigidity of member of damping performance and intensity with and damping capacity, composite antiknocking material is received rational application in the structural material field.The percent by volume or the stratiform thickness of the various compositions of control structural material were recently realized when this can prepare by composite antiknocking material.Therefore the design of this kind composite antiknocking material is simple.

Under the effect of same seismic load, traditional structural materials is different with this kind composite antiknocking material destruction situation.The destruction that the actual earthquake of building structure building structure rigidity often is big is serious, the less relatively building structure of rigidity then destroys smaller, here designing aspect the intensity the difference that exists except building structure, mainly is because the rigidity of building structure is playing a crucial role.The rigidity of structure is big more, and its ability that absorbs geological process is just big more, the structure that rigidity is big, and the ability of its plastic deformation is general more weak, and the ability of dissipative structure energy is also just poor.So, after the each big geological process, the energy of the geological process that is absorbed except dissipating, also to discharge all excess energies by the destruction of structure self by approach such as dampers.And the general relative small construction of rigidity, because it has bigger elasto plastic deformation and discharges the seismic energy that is absorbed, therefore, the earthquake-proof function of this structure wants the big structure of specific stiffness good.And the antidetonation of conventional construction, absorb by single structure material self often and the dissipation seismic energy is resisted geological process, thereby the loss that causes is also different, and it is more much better than traditional structural materials destruction situation that a kind of composite antiknocking material destroys situation, and the loss that is caused is much smaller.Another advantage of this composite material is effectively to prevent structure local yielding unstability under pressure stress and the effect of press-bending compound stress, the integral rigidity and the Security that have improved structure.

What make that a kind of method of composite antiknocking material adopts is traditional casting technique, so this manufacture method is to be simple and easy to grasp.

Compare with traditional building structural materials, can better meet architectural large bay, the requirement of separating can improve about utilization area 5%-8% flexibly; The steel building structural element and the supporting technology corresponding part overwhelming majority thereof can realize the industrialization making; Steel building structure dwelling house system industrialized production degree height, the situ wet operation is few, and the renewable product utilization of its material itself meets the requirement of environment protection architecture.

In the vehicle driving process, will cause gross distortion and destruction in case bump, even the serious consequence of second accident takes place, present employed damping way is that bumper is set before vehicle body.Develop novel a kind of composite antiknocking material, and apply it on the running mechanism, utilize its high damping properties to absorb energy in collision process, stored energy releases energy.Make vehicle body finish above three processes in the moment of collision.This is to use for reference earthquake-resistant a kind of crashworthiness method that makes full use of material property.

Description of drawings

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is a kind of design philosophy schematic representation of composite antiknocking material;

Fig. 2 is a kind of mechanical model schematic representation of composite antiknocking material;

Fig. 3 is a kind of composite antiknocking material plank frame sketch;

Fig. 4 is the two-layer round column structure sketch of a kind of composite antiknocking material;

Fig. 5 is a kind of composite antiknocking material multilayer round column structure sketch;

Fig. 6 is the two-layer square column of a kind of composite antiknocking material (beam) structure diagram;

Fig. 7 is a kind of composite antiknocking material multilayer square column (beam) structure diagram;

Fig. 8 is the stress model schematic representation of 16Mn steel and zinc composite material;

Fig. 9 is 16Mn steel and zinc composite material decay direction schematic representation;

Figure 10 is a kind of composite antiknocking material tensile sample;

Figure 11 is 16Mn steel, zinc and 16Mn steel and zinc composite material tension test curve;

Figure 12 (a) and (b) are 16Mn steel and 16Mn steel and zinc composite material ± 0.5%, ± 1%, ± hysteresis loop under 1.5% strained condition;

Figure 13 is that to adopt material be the steel member of 16Mn steel and to adopt material be that magnesium, aluminium, zinc, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material have the hysteresis loop that composite material that the member of damping property forms forms respectively under the tension and compression condition;

Among the figure: 1. adopting material is the steel member of 16Mn steel, 2. adopting material is magnesium, aluminium, zinc, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material have the member of damping property, 3.16Mn the stress strain curve of steel, 4. the stress strain curve of zinc, 5.16Mn the stress strain curve of steel and zinc composite material, 6,7.16 the hysteresis loop of manganese steel and zinc composite material, 8,9.16 the hysteresis loop of manganese steel and aluminium composite material, 10,11.16 the hysteresis loop of manganese steel and magnesium base composite material, 12,13.16 the hysteresis loop of manganese steel and aluminium base graphite composite material, 14,15.16 the hysteresis loop of manganese steel and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material.

Embodiment

The structural metallic materials of high rigidity is in the same place with the combination of materials of high damping energy, and it is big to form rigidity, and the antidetonation sandwich that damping property is good, the Main Feature of this sandwich are overall viscoelasticity properties.Its basic conception is as follows: outer and inner high rigidity member adopts high-intensity 16 manganese steel, mainly bear dead load, add between the high rigidity member and have the metallic material of damping property (as magnesium, aluminium, zinc), metal-base composites (as aluminium base graphite, aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material etc.) etc.So combination has been equivalent to obtain a kind of novel VISCOELASTIC FIBER COMPOSITES.

The dead load that is added in the military service process in this structural composite material is born by the rigid element of composite material, design routinely, as long as the cross section rationally just can guarantee the static strength of structure, when impact or alternation load are arranged in the imposed load, decay in the stress wave transmittance process in the structure, stress wave satisfies Kelvin model, and mechanical model figure consults Fig. 2, wherein P is an elastic part, and Q is the viscosity part.Its constitutive relation is:

σ＝Ee+ηe

When the stress pulse of a constant size affacts on this Kelvin body, then following formula can solve:

e(t)＝σ ₀[1-exp(-t/ξ)]/E

Equally, formula becomes when stress removes suddenly,

e(t)＝e ₀exp(-t/ξ)

Under the alternation load action, stress is decay gradually in propagation process, and at low stress, under the situation of little amplitude, inner layer material high-drag characteristic makes the vibration of total decay to lower numerical value in than short distance.Under the situation of heavily stressed large amplitude, inner damping material provides sufficient plastic deformation ability, guarantee the general safety of structure, another advantage of this composite material is effectively to prevent structure local yielding unstability under pressure stress and the effect of press-bending compound stress, the integral rigidity and the Security that have improved structure.

Hour use in-fighting Q for the damping property vibration attenuation of material ^-1δ weighs with logarithmic decrement, and vibration attenuation is weighed with concrete power consumption size (SpecificDampingCapacity) when big.The SDC of ferrous materials is about 1%-3%, and magnesium alloy and aluminum matrix composite can reach 10%.The present invention gives a kind of composite material simultaneously high damping energy and high rigidity, accomplishes that a kind of material satisfies two kinds of performances simultaneously, not only saves cost but also bring convenience to design.

The following stated embodiment explains the present invention.

Embodiment 1

The steel member 1 of, drum type board-like by selecting on the market by designing requirement and square tube type 16 manganese steel materials is consulted Fig. 3, and board-like steel member 1 is of a size of 1000mm * 100mm * 3mm, and number of packages is 3; Consult Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, two-layer drum type steel member 1 is of a size of D ₂=D ₁/ 2=75mm, number of packages are 1, and length is 1 meter, and multi-layer cylinder formula steel member 1 is of a size of d ₄=d ₃/ 2=d ₂/ 3=d ₁/ 4=25mm, number of packages are 2, and length is 1 meter; Consult Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, two-layer square tube type steel member 1 is of a size of h ₂=h ₁/ 2=75mm, length is 1 meter, and multilayer square tube type steel member 1 is of a size of f ₄=f ₃/ 2=f ₂/ 3=f ₁/ 4=25mm, number of packages are 2, and length is 1 meter; The constituent content of 16 manganese steel be by weight percentage the Fe. surplus, C.0.17, Si.0.5, Mn.1.57, S.0.05, P.0.045.The first step is by following step selected steel member 1 to be anticipated then:

(1) mechanical derusting

With the surface of sand papering steel member 1, remove iron rust and other foreign material on surface;

(2) alkali cleaning oil removing

In temperature is under 50 ℃ the condition steel member 1 to be immersed in 7% the sodium hydroxide solution, keeps 10 minutes under 50 ℃ of temperature, can handle the greasy dirt that adheres on steel member 1 surface clean;

(3) hot water injection

With 70 ℃ of hot water injection's steel member 1 surfaces, removal remains in the sodium hydroxide solution on steel member 1 surface and other impurity of sodium hydroxide solution dissolving;

(4) pickling

Sodium hydroxide solution in order to ensure steel member 1 surface cleans up, and steel member (1) is immersed in the sulfuric acid solution of 20 grams per liters, keeps 10 minutes under 50 ℃ of temperature;

(5) hot water injection

With 70 ℃ of hot water injection's steel member 1 surfaces, removal remains in the sulfuric acid solution on steel member 1 surface and other impurity of sulfuric acid solution dissolving;

(6) flux is handled

Steel member 1 surface after the processing is coated with the ammonium chloride flux of last layer 70 grams per liters, under 60 ℃ of temperature, kept 10 minutes, its effect is to prevent after the pickling that steel member 1 is oxidized and produce new oxide layer in air, to improve zinc liquid to steel member 1 adhesion, reduce the galvanizing zinc surface tension, impel steel member 1 surface energy wetting by galvanizing zinc;

(7) oven dry

Under 200 ℃ of temperature, keep 10 minutes with 1 oven dry of steel member;

Second step was according to the three kinds of pretreated steel members 1 of process of arranging respectively of 3 millimeters spacings between the steel member 1 in the composite antiknocking material of design in advance, and with some auxiliary parts it was welded into box model;

The 3rd step was to keep temperature-resistant after steel member 1 integral body that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, then zinc is heated to 550 ℃ of fusions, its constituent content is by weight percentage: Zn. surplus, Pb.0.003, Fe.0.001, Cd.0.001, Cu.0.001, zinc liquid is poured in the box model cooling forming in air with casting process.By steel member 1 and material is that member 2 that zinc has a damping property contacts a kind of composite antiknocking material of arranging at interval and makes, owing to selected 16 manganese steel and zinc, particularly steel member 1 is anticipated, its interface is a strong bonded, and its structural type can be consulted Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Embodiment 2

The steel member 1 of, drum type board-like by selecting on the market and square tube type 16 manganese steel materials by designing requirement, the size of selected various steel members, number of packages and in embodiment 1 choosing the same, the constituent content of 16 manganese steel be by weight percentage the Fe. surplus, C.0.17, Si.0.5, Mn.1.57, S.0.05, P.0.045.The first step is anticipated selected steel member 1 then, and this step and embodiment's 1 first step (1) to (7) is identical, and second step is also identical with 1 second step of embodiment.

The 3rd step was to keep temperature-resistant after steel member 1 integral body that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, then aluminium is heated to 660 ℃ of fusions, its constituent content is by weight percentage: Al. surplus, Fe.0.07, Si.4.0, Cu.3.0, Mn.0.5, Mg.0.25, Ni.0.3, Zn.0.55, Sn.0.05, Ti.0.20, Pb.0.15, Cr.0.15, aluminium liquid is poured in the box model cooling forming in air with casting process.By steel member 1 and material is that member 2 that aluminium has a damping property contacts a kind of composite antiknocking material of arranging at interval and makes, owing to selected 16 manganese steel and aluminium, particularly steel member 1 is anticipated, so its interface is a strong bonded, its structural type can be consulted Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Embodiment 3

The steel member 1 of, drum type board-like by selecting on the market and square tube type 16 manganese steel materials by designing requirement, the size of selected various steel members, number of packages and in embodiment 1 choosing the same, the constituent content of 16 manganese steel be by weight percentage the Fe. surplus, C.0.17, Si.0.5, Mn.1.57, S.0.05, P.0.045.The first step is anticipated selected steel member 1 then, and this step and embodiment's 1 first step (1) to (7) is identical, and second step is also identical with 1 second step of embodiment.

The 3rd step was to keep temperature-resistant after steel member 1 integral body that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, then magnesium is heated to 650 ℃ of fusions, its constituent content is by weight percentage: Mg. surplus, Al.2.5, Zn.0.60, Mn.0.20, Si.0.10, Fe.0.002, Cu.0.001, Ni.0.001, magnesium liquid is poured in the box model cooling forming in air with casting process.By steel member 1 and material is that member 2 that magnesium has a damping property contacts a kind of composite antiknocking material of arranging at interval and makes, owing to selected 16 manganese steel and magnesium, particularly steel member 1 is anticipated, so its interface is a strong bonded, its structural type can be consulted Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Embodiment 4

The steel member 1 of, drum type board-like by selecting on the market and square tube type 16 manganese steel materials by designing requirement, the size of selected various steel members, number of packages and in embodiment 1 choosing the same, the constituent content of 16 manganese steel be by weight percentage the Fe. surplus, C.0.17, Si.0.5, Mn.1.57, S.0.05, P.0.045.The first step is anticipated selected steel member 1 then, and this step and embodiment's 1 first step (1) to (7) is identical, and second step is also identical with 1 second step of embodiment.

The 3rd step was to keep temperature-resistant after steel member 1 integral body that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, then with ℃ fusion of aluminium base graphite heating to 650, its constituent content is by weight percentage: Al.92.0, C.8.0, aluminium base graphite adopts the manufacturing of low pressure infiltration method, graphite granule is of a size of that 300～500 μ m, Kohlenstoffgehalt are 96%～99%, all the other are ash content, aluminium base graphite liquid is poured in the box model cooling forming in air with casting process.By steel member 1 and material is that member 2 that aluminium base graphite has a damping property contacts a kind of composite antiknocking material of arranging at interval and makes, owing to selected 16 manganese steel and aluminium base graphite, particularly steel member 1 is anticipated, so its interface is a strong bonded, its structural type can be consulted Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Embodiment 5

The steel member 1 of, drum type board-like by selecting on the market and square tube type 16 manganese steel materials by designing requirement, the size of selected various steel members, number of packages and in embodiment 1 choosing the same, the constituent content of 16 manganese steel be by weight percentage the Fe. surplus, C.0.17, Si.0.5, Mn.1.57, S.0.05, P.0.045.The first step is anticipated selected steel member 1 then, and this step and embodiment's 1 first step (1) to (7) is identical.Second step is also identical with 1 second step of embodiment.

The 3rd step was to keep temperature-resistant after steel member 1 integral body that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, then aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material was heated to 650 ℃ of fusions, and its constituent content is by weight percentage: Al.90.0, flying ash in electric power plant .10.0.Consisting of of fly ash granule: Na wherein ₂O.1.04, Al ₂O ₃.21.95, SiO ₂.70.18, K ₂O.2.43, CaO.0.90, TiO ₂.0.75, Fe ₂O ₃.2.75, aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material liquid is poured in the box model cooling forming in air with casting process.By steel member 1 and material is that member 2 that aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material has a damping property contacts a kind of composite antiknocking material of arranging at interval and makes, owing to selected 16 manganese steel and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material, particularly steel member 1 is anticipated, so its interface is a strong bonded, its structural type can be consulted Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Theory analysis and type testing result

With 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material is that the typical case carries out theory analysis and analysis of experiments.When the design composite antiknocking material, why choose 16 manganese steel as strengthening body, industrial-purity zinc is as the body material of damping material.Reason is 16 manganese steel as construction(al)steel commonly used, and zinc is easy under molten state and the steel combination, forms the good binding face, and the portion of energy of zinc can well absorb stress wave and pass the time, and promptly damping characteristic is good.This kind composite material is to work in the elastic range under non-seismic load, and under the horizontal I level of earthquake seismic loading, 16 manganese steel and zinc all are in the elastic working scope, and structure need not to repair and can continue to use; Under the horizontal II level of earthquake seismic loading, 16 manganese steel are in the elastic working scope, zinc enters the plastic zone, under seismic loading repeatedly, zinc is because plastic deformation consumes a large amount of seismic energies, 16 manganese steel provide structure required restoring force under this kind situation, and structure can be reused after reinforcing; Under the horizontal III level of earthquake seismic loading, 16 manganese steel and zinc all enter plasticity, and zinc ruptures, but 16 manganese steel do not rupture, and distortion is less than permitted value, and structure is not collapsed.

By the decay gradually in propagation process of the stress wave under the alternate load effect.And under the situation of low stress, slightly vibration, the damping characteristic of inner layer material zinc makes the vibration of total decay to lower numerical value in than short distance.Under the situation corresponding to heavily stressed, large amplitude, within the specific limits, inner zinc also can provide the plastic deformation ability of part, guarantees the general safety of structure.The another one advantage of this sandwich is to prevent the local yielding unstability of structure under pressure stress and the effect of press-bending compound stress effectively.The integral rigidity and the Security of structure have been improved.

Consult Fig. 2, material is being subjected to static load to do the time spent, and load is mainly born by rigid element 16 manganese steel of composite material.Design routinely is as long as the cross section rationally just can guarantee the static strength of structure.In the time of the seismic waves input, decay in the stress wave transmittance process in the structure.Stress wave satisfies degree Kelvin (Kelvin) model, and it is an a kind of structure of viscoelastic body, is made of Hookean spring and the parallel connection of linear damping element.So can set up structure (mechanics) model of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material.

The stress of viscoelastic body is shared by elastic force and stickiness power respectively, the stress σ in Hookean spring and damping member ₁And σ ₂Can be write as:

σ ₁=E ε and ${\mathrm{\σ}}_2=\mathrm{\η}\frac{\mathrm{d\ϵ}}{\mathrm{dt}}$

The pass of total stress σ and strain is:

$\mathrm{\σ}={\mathrm{\σ}}_1+{\mathrm{\σ}}_2=\mathrm{E\ϵ}+\mathrm{\η}\frac{\mathrm{d\ϵ}}{\mathrm{dt}}$

In the formula: σ, σ ₁, σ ₂Be respectively total stress, elastic force and the stickiness power of structure, E, η are respectively the Young's modulus and the coefficient of viscosity of spring, and ε is strain,

Time rate of change for strain.

Consult Fig. 8, according to the composite theory of composite material, composite material is made up of two or more material, and the mechanical property of composite material is relevant with the mechanical property of each component and content.We derive the quantitative relationship of mechanical property by setting up mechanical model and compound criterion.16 manganese steel and zinc composite material are to be composited by continuous bimetallic material.When composite material is stressed, high strength, 16 manganese steel of high-modulus bear most of load, and zinc transmits and dispersion load mainly as media, friction consumed energy in producing.The mechanical property of 16 manganese steel zinc composite antiknocking materials is removed the performance with 16 manganese steel and zinc, and outside the Pass the volume fraction of zinc had, also with the adhesive strength at 16 manganese steel and zinc interface, distribution mode was relevant with fracture mode.

In composite materials property, Young's modulus is the feature of constouctional material and the orientation and the volume fraction decision of reinforcing material, adopts mechanics of materials method when this problem of processing.Fig. 8 touches type figure for the stressed mechanics of composite material, 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material be by zinc evenly be arranged in parallel with 16 manganese steel among, form unidirectional reinforced composite.Being the Z direction vertically, laterally is directions X and Y direction.Bill of materials is when loading, and the stressed distribution situation of Z direction and Y direction is identical, composite material can be regarded as two kinds of elastomer parallel connections.Directions X then is two kinds of elastomer series connection, seldom uses this situation when material is used and test.Therefore, only consider that composite material prolongs the stressed situation of Z direction during Practical Calculation.

If Z direction pulling force is P _Z, and zinc is firm with the interface that 16 manganese steel combine, and does not have slide relative during distortion, and promptly the strain facies of steel and zinc has according to equilibrium relation together:

P _Z＝A _Znσ _Zn+A _Sσ _S (1)

A＝A _Zn+A _S (2)

$V_{\mathrm{Zn}}=\frac{A_{\mathrm{Zn}}}{A},$

$V_S=\frac{A_S}{A}---\left(3\right)$

P in the formula _ZThe load that applies for the Z direction; A, A _ZnAnd A _SBe respectively composite material basal area, zinc basal area and 16 manganese steel basal areas; V _Zn, V _SBe respectively the volume fraction of zinc and the volume fraction of steel.

Then drawing the composite material flow stress by top 3 formulas is:

σ＝σ _ZnV _Zn+σ _SV _S (4)

In the resiliently deformable stage, according to Hooke's law:

σ＝Eε (5)

σ ₁＝E _Znε _Zn (6)

σ ₂＝E _Sε _S (7)

E, E in the formula _ZnAnd E _SBe the Z direction Young's modulus of composite material, zinc and 16 manganese steel, in substitution (4) formula, obtain

Eε＝E _Znε _ZnV _Zn+E _Sε _SV _S (8)

According to strain facies with, i.e. ε=ε _Zn=ε _SDraw

E＝E _ZnV _Zn+E _SV _S (9)

Because V _S=1-V _Zn, substitution (4), (9) formula draw:

σ＝σ _ZnV _Zn+σ _S(1-V _Zn)

E＝E _ZnV _Zn+E _S(1-V _Zn)

Can be obtained by following formula: under the certain condition of 16 manganese steel zinc composite material volumes, along with the increase of zinc volume fraction, the longitudinal modulus of elasticity and the flow stress of unidirectional composite material all reduce.

Simple tension and cyclic tension test

A) experiment material

The chemical composition (wt%) of table 1:16 manganese steel (a) and pure zinc (b)

The development test material is 16 manganese steel and the zinc double metallic composite material of casting process preparation.The raw material that adopted are 16 manganese steel plates and industrial-purity zinc, and its chemical composition is as shown in table 1.

B) preparation method

Casting process prepares 16 manganese steel and the zinc composite material comprises stratiform steel member 1 and two processes of casting composite material of making.Because there is metallic corrosion products on steel member 1 surface, dirt such as greasy filth and dust, the good combination of zinc liquid and steel member 1 when they have seriously hindered casting, so before the preparation composite material, be that the steel member 1 of 16 manganese steel need be anticipated to material, its manufacturing process is summarized as follows: mechanical derusting → alkali cleaning oil removing (7% sodium hydroxide solution, handled 10 minutes for 50 ℃) → 70 ℃ of hot water injection → pickling (sulfuric acid of 20 grams per liters, handled 10 minutes for 50 ℃) → 70 ℃ of hot water injection → flux ammonium chlorides processing (NH4Cl of 70g/L, 60 ℃, 10 minutes) → oven dry (200 ℃, 10 minutes); Then steel member 1 is warmed to 250 ℃, the casting temperature of zinc liquid is 550 ℃, and the air cooling moulding of casting back cuts into required sample to 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material with the DK7725E linear cutting machine after consulting Figure 10 air cooling.

C) experimental condition

The simple tension of composite material and loop around test are to carry out on the experimental machine (MTS810) of the electro-hydraulic servo experimental system control that the U.S. produces.Consult Figure 10, (DK7725E) cuts into I-shaped sample to composite material with linear cutting machine, sample effective length L1=14mm, width L2=10mm, thickness L3=2a+b, L3=a or L3=b when sample is monophase materials.For eliminating in the cutting process, before stretching, carry out pretreatment, the oxide layer that specimen surface forms when promptly grinding off cutting with sand paper to the influence of specimen surface.Stretching and loop around test are at room temperature carried out.Table 2 (a) and (b) are respectively simple tension and loop around test condition.

D) experimental result

1) stretch test result

Figure 11 is the stress strain curve of 16 manganese steel, zinc and 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material, and curve 3 is stress strain curves of 16 manganese steel, and curve 4 is stress strain curves of zinc, and curve 5 is stress strain curves of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material.Wherein curve (b) is the curve after part is amplified in curve (a) square frame, roughly it is divided into I, II, four parts of III, IV.In I, three kinds of materials all are in elastic stage; In II, zinc begins surrender the plastic deformation energy dissipation is taken place, and 16 manganese steel and 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material still are in elastic stage; In III, have only steel to be in elastic stage, other two kinds of materials plastic deformation all taken place; Enter after the IV, 16 manganese steel begin surrender plastic deformation take place, and the load-deformation curve of other two kinds of materials trends towards horizontal linear at this moment.Can know that thus strain is 1% is the critical strain that three kinds of material generation plastic deformations change.Can reach a conclusion: 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material have good energy-dissipating property than 16 manganese steel, have then improved rigidity and intensity than zinc.

2) cyclic tension test result

Table 2 (a) stretching experiment condition

Table 2 (b) circulation experiment condition

Figure 12 (a) and (b) are that 16 manganese steel are identical at draw speed with the zinc composite material with 16 manganese steel, be 0.2mm/min, strain ± 0.5%, ± 1%, ± 1.5% different condition under cyclic stress-strain figure, distortion produces hysteresis loop, has all carried out 20 cycle-indexes for each strain.Corresponding to Figure 11 (b) as can be known ± 0.5% material also in the II district, and being 1% and 1.5% composite material, strain all entered III, the IV plastically deforming area, contrast is as can be known from Figure 12 (a) and (b) two figure: ± 0.5%, ± 1%, ± 1.5% strain under, the area of the hysteresis loop of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material is much larger than the area of the hysteresis loop of 16Mn steel.That is to say that the damping capacity of steel and zinc composite material is better than 16 single manganese steel materials.

The attenuation data of three kinds of materials of table 3

Consult table 3 and Fig. 9, X in the table _1.X _2.X _3.X ₄Be the amplitude of oscillating curve in some cycles; δ ₁, δ ₂Logarithmic decrement for adjacent two crests or trough; δ is the logarithmic decrement of this material, just the decrement of whole decay curve.The logarithmic decrement δ that can draw 16Mn steel and zinc for sample 1 and sample 2 differs not too big.Sample 3 be 16 different manganese steel of the number of plies and zinc composite material to sample 6, and as can be seen from the table, all greater than the decrement of A direction, this shows stress wave, and it is decayed comparatively fast when this direction of B is propagated in the decrement of B direction.When the number of plies of zinc layer increased, the logarithmic decrement δ of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material also increased gradually.

Can reach a conclusion according to composite theory and test, the damping capacity of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material is better than single steel, and intensity is higher than single Zinc material.But use as building structural materials, need very high strength and stiffness requirement.Rigidity and damping capacity are again the factors of a pair of contradiction and opposition, so we 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material are applied to build, in the structural material that automobile etc. is had relatively high expectations the time, need the sacrifice part damping capacity of appropriateness and guarantee rigidity, so just can not allow the damping capacity of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material be used fully and bring into play.Have only the rigidity of rational choice 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material and intensity with and damping capacity, 16 manganese steel and zinc composite antiknocking material are received rational application in the structural material field.Controlling the percent by volume or the stratiform thickness of various constouctional materials when this can be by material preparation recently realizes.Consult Fig. 9, provide the thick reduction formula of the various panels of composite material (wall) below:

1) the thick reduction formula of the board-like panels of composite material

V＝L ₁×L ₂×L ₃

∵L ₃＝n _aa+n _bb

∴V＝L ₁×L ₂×(n _aa+n _bb)

When a=b

V＝L ₁×L ₂×(n _a+n _b)×a＝L ₁×L ₂×(n _a+n _b)×b

$a=b=\frac{V}{L_1\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="C200610017037E00202.png,C200610017037E00211.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2\&times;(n_a+n_b)}$

Work as n _a=n _bThe time

$a=b=\frac{V}{2n_a{L}_1\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="C200610017037E00202.png,C200610017037E00211.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2}=\frac{V}{2n_b{L}_1\&times;L_2}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula: a is the thickness of steel panels, and b. is the thickness with material members plate of damping property,

n _a. be the number of plies of steel panels, n _b. be the number of plies of material members plate with damping property,

V. composite Materials Design bulking value, L ₁, L ₂. the long and wide definite value (or design load) of market supply steel plate.

2) composite material column type member wall thickness reduction formula

V=L ₁* L ₂* L ₃(cuboid volume)

Work as L ₂=L ₃When equaling diameter

$V=L_1\&times;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="C200610017037E00202.png,C200610017037E00211.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2}^2\&times;\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{4}=L_1\&times;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="C200610017037E00222.png,C200610017037E00241.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_3}^2\&times;\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{4}$

L ₂＝L ₃＝n _aa+n _bb

When a=b

L ₂＝L ₃＝a(n _a+b _b)＝b(n _a+n _b)

$V=L_1\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}\frac{a^2{(n_a+n_b)}^2}{4}{L}_1\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}\frac{b^2{(n_a+n_b)}^2}{4}$

$a=b={(n_a+n_b)}^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{4V}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{L}_1}}=\frac{2}{(n_a+n_b)}\sqrt{\frac{V}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{L}_1}}$

Work as n _a=n _bThe time

$a=b=\frac{2}{2n_a}\sqrt{\frac{V}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{L}_1}}=\frac{2}{2n_b}\sqrt{\frac{V}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{L}_1}}=\frac{1}{n_a}\sqrt{\frac{V}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{L}_1}}=\frac{1}{n_b}\sqrt{\frac{V}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{L}_1}}---\left(2\right)$

In the formula: a. is the thickness of steel component wall, and b. is the thickness with material members wall of damping property,

n _a. be the number of plies of steel member, n _b. be the number of plies of material members with damping property,

V. composite Materials Design bulking value, L ₁, L ₂. the long and wide definite value (or design load) of market supply steel plate.

3) composite material square column formula member wall thickness reduction formula

V＝L ₁×L ₂×L ₃

Work as L ₂=L ₃The time

L ₂＝L ₃＝n _aa+n _bb

V＝L ₁×L ₂×L ₃＝L ₁×L ₂ ²＝L ₁×L ₃ ²＝L ₁×(n _aa+n _bb) ²

When a=b

V＝L ₁×L ₂×L ₃＝L ₁×a ²(n _a+n _b) ²＝L ₁×b ²×(n _a+n _b) ²

$a=b=\sqrt{\frac{V}{L_1{(n_a+n_b)}^2}}=\frac{1}{(n_a+n_b)}\sqrt{\frac{V}{L_1}}$

n _a=n _bThe time

$a=b=\frac{1}{2n_a}\sqrt{\frac{V}{L_1}}=\frac{1}{2n_b}\sqrt{\frac{V}{L_1}}---\left(3\right)$

In the formula: a. is the thickness of steel component wall, and b. is the thickness with material members wall of damping property,

n _a. be the number of plies of steel member, n _b. be the number of plies of material members with damping property,

V. composite Materials Design bulking value, L ₁, L ₂. the long and wide definite value (or design load) of market supply steel plate.

The desired product form

In construction industry, because building itself, is used this composite antiknocking material to the shape need of construction element and can be designed and produce composite antiknocking material plate, composite antiknocking material post and composite antiknocking material beam (this also is to select board-like, drum type and square tube type member reason place in an embodiment why for use).The composite antiknocking material post can have square column and circular columns two classes, and the composite antiknocking material beam is general to be square only, that is to say, uses this composite material and can produce post material for building, sheet material and other section bars.

In automobile industry, this composite antiknocking material can be applied to autobody sheet, also can use Composite Preparation automobile part component simultaneously.Can reduce in the automobile traveling process vibration that reason caused and noise like this, improve the smoothness of automobilism owing to the road surface.

Above theory analysis and type testing result adopt the composite antiknocking material of magnesium, aluminium, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material and the compound gained of 16 manganese steel all to belong to roughly the same to member 2 materials with damping property.Its theory with experimental evidence is:

1. according to mixing rule:

σ＝σ ₁V ₁+σ ₂V ₂

E＝E ₁V ₁+E ₂V ₂

In the formula Chinese style: V ₁, V ₂Be respectively the volume fraction of member 1, member 2; E, E ₁, E ₂Be respectively the Young's modulus of composite material, member 1 and member 2; σ, σ ₁, σ ₂Be respectively the intensity of composite material, member 1 and member 2.Can obtain, in engineering component, certain in the structure size size, promptly under the condition of its given volume, add member 2 with damping capacity, can increase the damping capacity of construction element, in the engineering allowed band, reduce the rigidity and the requirement of strength of member simultaneously.Hence one can see that, severally has the material of damping property and composite material that 16 manganese steel are constituted aspect rigidity, intensity and the damping capacity similarity being arranged by above.

2. the damping of these materials (magnesium, aluminium, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material) forms machine-processed the same.Because these materials are the interfacial diffusion combination, its interface friction mechanism is the main cause that produces damper mechanism, estimates the damping capacity of composite material according to the performance of each constituent element with mixing rule, and its general form is:

$Q_{\mathrm{MMC}}^{-1}=Q_m^{-1}{V}_m+Q_r^{-1}{V}_r$

Q wherein ^-1Be damping capacity; V is a volume fraction; Subscript m, r, MMC are respectively body material, have the material and the composite material of damping capacity.By this formula as can be seen, the damping capacity of composite material is relevant with the volume fraction of forming member separately equally.In the composite material that these members are formed, the volume fraction of member is a common deciding factor of the damping capacity of these composite materials.Be to contact at interval for the composite antiknocking material that is combined into by magnesium, aluminium, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material and 16 manganese steel and arrange and form, so its main damper mechanism is identical.

Figure 13 be a kind of composite material two test specimens respectively under the tension and compression condition through all tension and compression processes after, the hysteresis loop of formation, curve 6,7 are the hysteresis loop of 16 manganese steel and zinc composite material; 8,9 is the hysteresis loop of 16 manganese steel and aluminium composite material; 10,11 is the hysteresis loop of 16 manganese steel and magnesium base composite material; 12,13 is the hysteresis loop of 16 manganese steel and aluminium base graphite composite material; 14,15 is the hysteresis loop of 16 manganese steel and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material, as can be seen, the hysteresis loop area of different materials is more or less the same, the damping capacity that is to say magnesium, aluminium, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material is the same with zinc, and the 16 manganese steel materials that its damping capacity is single relatively all will be got well.Therefore the damping capacity of these several composite materials has close part.

Certainly, steel member 1 of the present invention is board-like except selecting for use, drum type and the square tube type member, and can also select other cross sections as required for use is the hollow profile piece of regular shape; The material that steel member 1 of the present invention adopts can also be selected structural carbon steel, low-alloy structural steel and super-high structure steel for use as required except adopting 16 manganese steel; The material that member of the present invention 2 adopts can also select for use other to have damping property and the material casting technique performance except adopting magnesium, aluminium, zinc, aluminium base graphite and aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material, and these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

In addition, the present invention not only can be applied to building field and running mechanism aspect, but also can be applied to other with the vibration relevant, need utilize the damping capacity of material to absorb because the field of the energy that vibration produces, as long as adopted by contacting the material that steel member 1 of arranging and the member 2 with damping property are formed at interval, as long as it can be identical having adopted the quantitative relation between two kinds of members, also the quantity of steel member 1 Duos 1 than the quantity of member 2; Two kinds of member interface strong bonded do not have the material of slide relative during stress deformation, absorb, consume because the energy that vibration produces also all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. produce a kind of method of composite antiknocking material, this composite antiknocking material is formed by contacting steel member (1) of arranging and the member (2) with damping property at interval, quantitative relation between two kinds of members is identical, or the quantity of steel member (1) Duos 1 than the quantity of the member with damping property (2), what wherein steel member (1) adopted is the 16Mn steel, what have that the member (2) of damping property adopts is zinc, magnesium, aluminium, aluminium base graphite or aluminium-base electric power plant fly-ash compsite material, and it is characterized in that: this method comprises following step:

1) steel member (1) is anticipated

(1) mechanical derusting:

With the surface of sand papering steel member (1), remove iron rust and other foreign material on surface;

(2) alkali cleaning oil removing:

In temperature is under 50 ℃ the condition steel member (1) to be immersed in 7% the sodium hydroxide solution, keeps 10 minutes under 50 ℃ of temperature, can handle the greasy dirt that adheres on steel member (1) surface clean;

(3) hot water injection:

With 70 ℃ of hot water injection's steel members (1) surface, remove other impurity that remain in surperficial sodium hydroxide solution of steel member (1) and sodium hydroxide solution dissolving;

(4) pickling:

Sodium hydroxide solution in order to ensure steel member (1) surface cleans up, and steel member (1) is immersed in the sulfuric acid solution of 20 grams per liters, keeps 10 minutes under 50 ℃ of temperature;

(5) hot water injection:

With 70 ℃ of hot water injection's steel members (1) surface, remove other impurity that remain in surperficial sulfuric acid solution of steel member (1) and sulfuric acid solution dissolving;

(6) flux is handled:

Steel member (1) surface after the processing is coated with the ammonium chloride flux of last layer 70 grams per liters, under 60 ℃ of temperature, kept 10 minutes, its effect is to prevent that steel member (1) after the pickling is oxidized and produce new oxide layer in air, has the adhesion of the material of damping property to steel member (1) with raising;

(7) oven dry:

Under 200 ℃ of temperature, keep steel member (1) being dried in 10 minutes;

2) Weldable Steel member (1) becomes box model

Steel member (1) according to the spacing between the steel member (1) in the desire system composite antiknocking material is arranged and anticipated is welded into box model with some auxiliary parts with it again;

3) keep temperature-resistant after the steel member (1) that will be welded into box model is heated to 250 ℃, the material liquid with damping property that will fuse with casting process pours in the box model cooling forming in air then.

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