CN100478388C - Method for preparing conductive, high molecular compound particles of polystyrene / polyaniline - Google Patents
Method for preparing conductive, high molecular compound particles of polystyrene / polyaniline Download PDFInfo
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- CN100478388C CN100478388C CNB2006100979031A CN200610097903A CN100478388C CN 100478388 C CN100478388 C CN 100478388C CN B2006100979031 A CNB2006100979031 A CN B2006100979031A CN 200610097903 A CN200610097903 A CN 200610097903A CN 100478388 C CN100478388 C CN 100478388C
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004159 Potassium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N anilinium chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=CC=C1 MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- SGZOTQPYJLDQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=C SGZOTQPYJLDQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001028048 Nicola Species 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
This invention discloses a method for preparing polystyrene/polyaniline conductive polymer composite particles. The method comprises: adding polystyrene emulsion into a mixture of aniline and water, ultrasonicating and stirring so that aniline swells in polystyrene particles, adding oxidant aqueous solution, and dropping acid aqueous solution so that aniline polymerizes at the surface of polystyrene particles to form polystyrene/polyaniline conductive polymer composite particles.
Description
(1) technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of polymer materials, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method with conductive, high molecular compound particles of polystyrene/polyaniline of nucleocapsid structure.
(2) technical background:
Conductive polymers latex nano-complex particle material integrates the functional of the electroconductibility of polymer self and nano particle, having molecular structure can design, specific conductivity can be regulated and advantage such as morphological specificity may command, and its colloid dispersive characteristic is expected to improve the shortcoming of the ubiquitous processing difficulties of conducting polymer, thereby at electric driven color-changing part, electroluminescent cell, the bio-medical transmitter, anticorrosive and the antistatic coating in metallic surface, novel wave-absorbing and camouflage coating, rechargeable battery, the petroleum cracking catalyzer, aspects such as supramolecule self-assembly have the potential application prospect.
The monomer aniline cost of polyaniline is lower, and polyaniline is easy to synthetic and specific conductivity is higher, environmental stability is good, and being considered to has one of conductive polymers of actual application prospect most; Polystyrene particle mature preparation process and have relative high glass transition, therefore, synthesize with polystyrene particle as the model polymkeric substance, polyaniline is as the conducting function component, and the polystyrene/polyaniline particle with core-shell type structure has important theory and is worth and Practical significance.
See with regard to present research situation, the exemplary steps of synthetic polystyrene/polyaniline core-shell particles is: at first adopt the heterogeneous polymerization method to prepare polystyrene particle, regulate polystyrene emulsion with hydrochloric acid and become strongly-acid, add monomer aniline (perhaps in the neutral polystyrene emulsion, directly dissolving the anilinechloride monomer) again, cause aniline monomer by adding oxygenant then, make it carry out chemical oxidising polymerisation.In order to impel the polymerization that is in the aniline in the solution to occur in the surface of polystyrene particle as much as possible, thereby more effectively obtain polystyrene/polyaniline nuclear-shell composite particles, existing research all is conceived to the surface modification or the finishing of polystyrene particle, to strengthen the interaction between itself and the polyaniline.Wang etc. are the polystyrene particle of anamorphic zone positive charge in advance, then at its surface adsorption anionic emulsifier sodium lauryl sulphate molecule, to strengthen electrostatic attraction effect (the reference 1:Synthetic Metals of cationic intermediates in itself and the polyaniline polymerization process, 2001,119,155-156).People such as Barthet are stablizer with the Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), carry out vinylbenzene and the dispersion copolymerization of vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium is closed, thereby introduce sulfonic acid group to strengthen its electronegativity (reference 2:Langmuir, 1998 on the polystyrene particle surface, 14,2032-2041).Nicolas etc. adopt in cinnamic dispersion polymerization and contain amino tensio-active agent, gained polystyrene particle surface is rich amino, make the ligation that has hydrogen bond between itself and the polyaniline chain, thereby formation (the reference 3:Langmuir that helps the polyaniline shell, 2005,21,1575-1583).Above-mentioned preparation method's something in common is, one, the aniline monomer in the polymerization all are dissolved in the external phase of polystyrene emulsion with the form of anilinechloride; Its two, polystyrene particle is surface-functionalized, strengthening the interaction between itself and aniline polymerization cationic intermediates and the polyaniline chain, thereby promote the formation of nuclear-shell composite particles.
(3) summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to propose the novel method that a kind of preparation has the conductive, high molecular compound particles of polystyrene/polyaniline of nucleocapsid structure.
The process of method proposed by the invention is: at first prepare polystyrene particle, again with aniline in advance swelling in polystyrene particle, to be added drop-wise in the system diffusion and polymerization place thereof then as the slow acid of doping agent, thereby obtain coating evenly, the polystyrene/polyaniline core-shell type composite particles of controllable structure with control monomer aniline.
Technological core of the present invention is: the control that (1) distributes in system to aniline: with aniline and polystyrene emulsion thorough mixing, because aniline is the good solvent of polystyrene, but the solubleness in water lower (being 3.6wt% down) as 18 ℃, therefore, aniline is more prone to swell in the polystyrene particle.Before the polymerization, except that the minute quantity aniline that is dissolved in the water, most aniline monomers are present in the polystyrene particle.(2) to aniline diffusion and polymeric control thereof: disposable adding water-soluble oxidizers is arranged in the polystyrene emulsion of aniline in swelling.At this moment, monomer aniline is in the polystyrene particle basically, and oxygenant then is in aqueous phase.Slowly drip aqueous acid in this system, acid produces aniline salt with aniline reaction, and it spreads to water to utilize its water-soluble promotion, and diffusion by way of particle and the interface of water on carry out chemical oxidising polymerisation with oxidant reaction.Along with the carrying out of reaction, aniline is keeping constantly diffusion and the polymeric process on the polystyrene particle interface, thereby obtains homogeneous, complete polyaniline layer, forms the polystyrene/polyaniline composite particles.
Thought of the present invention and characteristics are: 1. the seed particles that is adopted need not through finishing, functionalization or other special design; 2. aniline before polymerization at first by swelling in polystyrene particle; 3. in polymerization process, the doping agent of polyaniline is not only in the acid of employing, also has been endowed the function of control aniline diffusion; 4. can regulate the diffusion of aniline and the speed of relative movement between its polymerization by the interpolation speed that changes acid, and then the polymerization place of control aniline, play the effect of control composite particles structure.This method can make aniline form the composite particles shell effectively, and the acquisition shell is evenly complete, the core-shell type polystyrene/polyaniline composite particles of controllable thickness.
The synthetic method and the concrete steps thereof of polystyrene/polyaniline core-shell particles proposed by the invention are as follows:
1. the preparation of polystyrene seed particle: adopt methods such as letex polymerization, emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization to prepare polystyrene emulsion.
2. the swelling of aniline monomer in polystyrene particle: aniline is joined in the pure water, and ultra-sonic dispersion adds polystyrene emulsion after about 15 minutes, continues ultrasonic and stir about 15 minutes.
In the system, the weight percent that polystyrene particle accounts for whole system is 1.5~5.0wt%, and the weight percent of aniline and polystyrene particle is not more than 70wt%.
3. aniline forms composite particles at the polystyrene particle surface aggregate: under mechanical stirring, the emulsion that makes in the step 2 is transferred in the three-necked bottle.System continues to stir the aqueous solution of disposable then adding oxygenant 30 minutes after ice-water bath is cooled to 0 ℃.In emulsion, drip aqueous acid, dropwise the back and keep 0 ℃ of reaction 5 hours, remove ice-water bath then, rise to room temperature, continue reaction 18-24 hour.With dilute hydrochloric acid solution centrifuge washing repeatedly, till upper solution becomes colorless, obtain Powdered polystyrene/polyaniline composite particles through centrifugation, vacuum-drying again behind the stopped reaction.
In the system, the mol ratio of oxygenant and aniline is about 1: 1, and acid is 1 with the molar ratio range of aniline: 1-1: 2.Wherein, the concentration of aqueous oxidizing agent solution is 1.0mol/L; The concentration range of acid is 0.25-1.00mol/L.
Among the present invention, used oxygenant can be a kind of in ammonium persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Iodate, iron trichloride, Potcrate, the potassium bichromate etc.
Among the present invention, used acid can be a kind of in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, vinylformic acid, the methacrylic acid etc.
(4) embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
N
2Protection joins 20g vinylbenzene in the 180ml water down, is warming up to 70 ℃, stirs after 15 minutes, adds the aqueous solution that 20g is dissolved with the 0.6g Potassium Persulphate, and 70 ℃ of constant temperature reacted 24 hours down.The gained polystyrene particle is monodispersed sphere, and it is 600nm that dynamic light scattering is measured its particle diameter, and polydispersity coefficient is 0.005.Through regulating the acquisition solid content is the polystyrene emulsion of 6.60wt%.
0.1g aniline is joined in the 20ml distilled water, and ultra-sonic dispersion added the polystyrene emulsion of 18.2g after 15 minutes, continued ultra-sonic dispersion while stirring after 15 minutes, was transferred in the three-necked bottle, and ice-water bath is cooled to 0 ℃, continues to stir 30 minutes.Adding 1.1ml concentration is the ammonium persulfate aqueous solution of 1mol/L, stirs after 5 minutes, begins to drip the hydrochloric acid that 1.1ml concentration is 1mol/L, dropwises in 30 minutes.System keeps 0 ℃ of reaction 5 hours, removes ice-water bath, rises to room temperature, continues reaction 18 hours.Stopped reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid centrifuge washing repeatedly, till upper solution becomes colorless, separates throw out through centrifugal again with supernatant liquid, after vacuum-drying obtains powdered samples.The gained sample appearance is blackish green, is viewed as core-shell structure particle under the transmission electron microscope, and shell thickness is about 10nm.The composite particles specific conductivity is 0.08S/cm.
Embodiment 2:
N
2Protection joins 20g vinylbenzene in the 180ml water down, is warming up to 70 ℃, stirs after 15 minutes, adds the aqueous solution that 20g is dissolved with the 0.6g Potassium Persulphate, and 70 ℃ of constant temperature reacted 24 hours down.The gained polystyrene particle is monodispersed sphere, and it is 600nm that dynamic light scattering is measured its particle diameter, and polydispersity coefficient is 0.005.Through regulating the acquisition solid content is the polystyrene emulsion of 6.60wt%.
0.4g aniline is joined in the 20ml distilled water, and ultra-sonic dispersion added the polystyrene emulsion of 9.10g after 15 minutes, continued ultra-sonic dispersion while stirring after 15 minutes, was transferred in the three-necked bottle, and ice-water bath is cooled to 0 ℃, continues to stir 30 minutes.Adding 4.4ml concentration is the ammonium persulfate aqueous solution of 1mol/L, stirs after 5 minutes, begins to drip the hydrochloric acid that 4.4ml concentration is 1mol/L, dropwises in 100 minutes.Keep 0 ℃ of reaction 5 hours, remove ice-water bath, rise to room temperature, continue reaction 24 hours.Stopped reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid centrifuge washing repeatedly, till upper solution becomes colorless, separates throw out through centrifugal again with supernatant liquid, after vacuum-drying obtains the powdery sample.The gained sample appearance is blackish green, is viewed as core-shell structure particle under the transmission electron microscope, and shell thickness is about 50nm.The composite particles specific conductivity is 0.56S/cm.
Embodiment 3:
N
2Protection joins 20g vinylbenzene in the 180ml water down, is warming up to 70 ℃, stirs after 15 minutes, adds the aqueous solution that 20g is dissolved with the 0.6g Potassium Persulphate, and 70 ℃ of constant temperature reacted 24 hours down.The gained polystyrene particle is monodispersed sphere, and it is 600nm that dynamic light scattering is measured its particle diameter, and polydispersity coefficient is 0.005.Through regulating the acquisition solid content is the polystyrene emulsion of 6.60wt%.
0.2g aniline is joined in the 20ml distilled water, and ultra-sonic dispersion added the polystyrene emulsion of 9.10g after 15 minutes, continued ultra-sonic dispersion while stirring after 15 minutes, was transferred in the three-necked bottle, and ice-water bath is cooled to 0 ℃, continues to stir 30 minutes.Adding 2.2ml concentration is the ammonium persulfate aqueous solution of 1mol/L, stirs after 5 minutes, begins to drip the hydrochloric acid that 4.4ml concentration is 0.5mol/L, dropwises in 100 minutes.Keep 0 ℃ of reaction 5 hours, remove ice-water bath then, rise to room temperature, continue reaction 20 hours.Stopped reaction, colourless with dilute hydrochloric acid centrifuge washing repeatedly until upper solution, and through centrifugal throw out is separated with supernatant liquid, after vacuum-drying obtains the powdery sample.The gained sample appearance is blackish green, is viewed as core-shell structure particle under the transmission electron microscope, and shell thickness is about 35nm.The composite particles specific conductivity is 0.093S/cm.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of conductive, high molecular compound particles of polystyrene/polyaniline, at first prepare polystyrene emulsion, it is characterized in that polystyrene emulsion is joined in the mixed solution of aniline and water, in the formed system, the weight percent that polystyrene particle accounts for whole system is 1.5~5.0%, the weight percent of aniline and polystyrene particle is not more than 70%, ultra-sonic dispersion also stirs, make the aniline swelling in polystyrene particle, after being cooled to 0 ℃, the aqueous solution of disposable adding oxygenant stirs, and drips aqueous acid then, acid is 1 with the scope of the mol ratio of aniline: 1-1: 2, the concentration range of aqueous acid is 0.25-1.00mol/L, and acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, vinylformic acid, a kind of in the methacrylic acid, 0 ℃ of reaction 5 hours down, continue reaction 18-24 hour under the room temperature, with dilute hydrochloric acid centrifuge washing to upper strata solution becomes be colourless till, through separating and vacuum-drying, product is Powdered polystyrene/polyaniline composite particles.
2. according to the preparation method of the described conductive, high molecular compound particles of polystyrene/polyaniline of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mol ratio of oxygenant and aniline is 1: 1, and oxygenant is a kind of in ammonium persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Iodate, iron trichloride, Potcrate, the potassium bichromate.
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