CN100466597C - 基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法 - Google Patents

基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法 Download PDF

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CN100466597C
CN100466597C CNB2004100804822A CN200410080482A CN100466597C CN 100466597 C CN100466597 C CN 100466597C CN B2004100804822 A CNB2004100804822 A CN B2004100804822A CN 200410080482 A CN200410080482 A CN 200410080482A CN 100466597 C CN100466597 C CN 100466597C
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CN1761234A (zh
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安雁
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XFusion Digital Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法。该方法主要包括：在核心网络设备上，将收到的上行报文的外部优先级转换为内部优先级，并根据内部优先级对报文进行转发处理；将收到的下行报文的内部优先级转换为相应类型报文的外部优先级，并从在相应的接口发送出去。本发明的主要内容是在核心路由器上提出了内部优先级的概念，从而使得上行报文均可以基于内部优先级实现简单流分类，避免用复杂流分类的低效率，同时还有效地避免了核心路由器中存储表过多引发的问题。

Description

基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法
技术领域
本发明涉及数据通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法。
背景技术
在数据通信领域，常用IP五元组(源IP地址、目的IP地址、协议字、源端口号、目的端口号)来标识一条业务流，进行业务流的分类，所述的业务流分类指的是采用一定的规则识别出符合某类特征的报文，以便于区别地提供相应的服务，即区分服务。
常用的业务流分类的方式主要有两种：复杂的流分类和简单的流分类。
所述的复杂的流分类可以采用复杂的规则，如综合链路层(Layer2)、网络层(Layer3)、传输层(Layer4)信息，诸如MAC地址、源地址、目的地址、协议类型或应用程序的端口号等相关信息来对报文进行分类。一般用于网络的边缘节点。首先对报文进行分类，根据报文的链路层、网络层、传输层信息对报文进行复杂流分类，对匹配某条规则的流执行预先设定好的动作。动作可以分为过滤、采样、重新标记报文的DSCP(区分服务码点)字段、对流的接入速率进行控制，以及将流重定向到指定的下一跳或MPLS(多协议标签交换)的LSP(标签交换协议)来实现策略路由的功能。在拥塞加剧时，系统根据为不同级别的流量所设置的拥塞避免参数(低限、高限及最大丢弃概率)，采用RED类算法进行流控。
所述的简单的流分类可以采用简单的规则，比如可根据IP报文头的ToS(Type of Service，服务类型)字段，识别出不同优先级特征的流量。一般用于网络的中间结点，即骨干路由器。由于报文在边缘路由器上已经进行了分类，在骨干路由器上根据报文的服务等级标识DSCP(区分服务码点)作简单映射得到相应的QoS参数，采取相应的PHB(Per-Hop Behavior，单中继段行为)对报文进行转发处理。在下行输出时，根据上行分出的服务等级，入相应队列保证输出带宽(流量整形)，同时也要采用RED类算法进行必要的流控。在不需要QoS保证不进行流分类的情况下，或者报文通过流分类没有相匹配的规则时，对报文作尽力转发(Best-Effort)处理。
在提供QoS(服务质量)服务时，由于在核心路由器上对转发性能参数要求较高，所以通常不采用在核心路由器上实现复杂的流分类功能，而是将DiffServ(区分服务)涉及的复杂的流分类和流量控制都推至边界路由器来完成，而区域内部路由器只需进行简单的流分类，对BA(行为集合)实施流量控制。以避免Int-Serv(集成服务)模型中的基于每个流(Per-Flow)的复杂流分类及流控，使得DS(区分服务)网络内部的转发操作可以得到高效的实现。
如图1所示，实现了DiffServ功能的网络结点称为DS节点。DS区域(DSDomain)由一组采用相同的服务提供策略和实现了相同PHB(单中继段行国)组集合的相连DS节点组成。DS地区(DS Region)则由一组相邻接的DS区域组成。DS节点可分为：DS边缘节点和DS内部节点。前者将DS地区和其他DS地区或非DS地区连接在一起；后者仅仅负责在同一个DS区域中连接DS边界节点和其他内部节点。
目前在核心路由器上的QoS实现方案是通过配置相关命令实现简单流分类。其具体实现方法是配置各种类型报文之间的两两映射关系，举例来说IP报文的64个DSCP到MPLS报文的8个优先级之间的对应关系或者VLAN报文的8个优先级到IPMPLS报文的8个优先级之间的对应关系，也就是说N种报文类型的全映射关系。具体简单的流分类的各类型外部优先级映射关系的过程如图2所示。
由于进行简单流分类的报文有IP、MPLS、VLAN(虚拟局域网)等报文，一般IP又分为IP PRECEDENCE(TOS的前3位)和DSCP，这样目前总共的报文种类4种，在路由器的入口上就要进行各种表之间的转换，核心路由器上需要存储16张表，占用比较大的内存，同时随着报文种类的增加所需要的表越来越多，导致技术方案不便于扩展。而且，由于映射关系复杂，配置命令杂乱无章，不便于用户的配置和维护。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术所存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，降低在核心路由器上实现QoS服务的复杂度，并可以有效节省核心路由器的资源。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明提供了一种基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，包括：
A、在核心网络设备上，对于收到的上行报文的处理过程：
将收到的上行报文的外部优先级转换为内部优先级，并根据内部优先级对报文进行转发处理；
B、在核心网络设备上，对于收到的下行报文的处理过程：
将收到的下行报文的内部优先级转换为对应类型报文的外部优先级，并从相应接口发送出去。
本发明所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法还包括：
在核心网络设备中，建立并保存各类型报文的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系。
所述的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系以表的形式保存于所述的核心网络设备中。
所述的对应关系表包括：
对于上行报文，针对每一种类型的报文分别建立保存一张对应关系表，其索引为报文的外部优先级；
对于下行报文，建立保存一张对应关系表，用于保存内部优先级到各种类型报文的外部优先级的对应关系，其索引为内部优先级。
本发明所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法还包括：
通过设置的接口利用配置命令对所述的对应关系进行修改。
所述的核心网络设备包括但仅不限于：核心路由器。
所述的步骤A进一步包括：
在核心路由器收到上行报文后，分析确定报文的类型及外部优先级；
根据报文的类型及外部优先级在所述的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系中确定报文的内部优先级；
根据报文的内部优先级对所述的报文进行上行业务的业务流分配处理。
所述的步骤B进一步包括：
在核心路由器收到下行报文后，分析确定报文的类型及内部优先级；
根据报文的类型及内部优先级在所述的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系中确定报文的外部优先级；
根据所述报文的外部优先级进行下行业务的业务流分配处理。
本发明中，在执行步骤A和步骤B之前，还包括：
在核心路由器上创建区分服务域；
配置所述区分服务域中的各类型报文的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系；
将所述的区分服务域在选定的接口上应用。
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出，本发明的主要内容是在核心路由器上提出了内部优先级的概念，从而使得上行报文均可以基于内部优先级实现简单流分类，避免用复杂流分类的低效率。同时，本发明的实现还大大降低了核心路由器中对应关系表的数量，因而有效地避免了核心路由器中存储表过多引发的问题。
附图说明
图1为区分服务网络的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中各类型外部优先级映射关系示意图；
图3为本发明所述的方法的流程图；
图4为本发明中各类型报文优先映射关系示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的主要内容是在核心网络设备(如核心路由器)内部对上行报文首先进行简单的流分类，然后基于内部优先级进行报文的转发处理。例如，将IP、MPLS、VLAN等报文的外部优先级都统一转换为对应的内部优先级，在核心路由器内部则可以按照该内部优先级进行各种QOS处理；同时，对于下行报文，还需要将内部优先级映射为报文的外部优先级，再进行下发处理。
下面将结合附图对本发明的具体实现方式作进一步的说明。
如图3和图4所示本发明在具体实施过程中包括以下步骤：
步骤31：在核心路由器上分别建立并保存各类型报文的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系，即针对每一种类型报文的外部优先级设置一张与内部优先级的对应关系表；
所述的每一种类型报文的对应关系表又进一步包括两种，一种为上行报文对应关系表，另一种为下行报文对应关系表；
假设现在有N种类型的报文经过核心路由器并需要进行简单流分类，则在核心路由器中需要建立保存N+1张报文转换应用的对应关系表，其中，上行N张表用于N种类型报文由外部优先级到内部优先级的转换，其索引为外部优先级；下行1张表用于内部优先级到N种外部优先级的转换，其索引为内部优先级，而且由于下行1张表的索引为内部优先级，因此，当增加报文类型时，只需要增加表项数据结构的大小即可，而无需增加新的表；大大减少了实现的复杂度，同时内存的空间也减少很多。
以IP DHCP外部优先级转换为例，上行方向的具体的对应关系表如表1所示，其他类型报文的优先级转换应用的对应关系表与其类似；
                                  表1
Figure C200410080482D00091
在表1中，所述的内部优先级包括队列索引Queue Index(1～6)、颜色Color(1～3)及Wred Class(1～8)三个值，这三个值为内部优先级，即不打在报文头中，只是在路由器内部做QoS参考用，其中：Queue Index是下行队列索引；Color是报文内部颜色，作为丢弃的一个衡量标准；Wredclass是Wred的丢弃指数，作为上网板和下行入队列丢弃的标准；
所述的下行方向的优先级转换应用的对应关系表如表2所示：
                                表2
Figure C200410080482D00101
建立上述各外部优先级与内部优先级间对应关系表后，便可以执行步骤32：在核心路由器上，将收到的报文根据所述的对应关系表进行优先级的转换处理，以便于核心路由器作进一步的业务流分配处理；
如图3和图4所示，所述的优先级转换处理及发送过程分别包括针对上行报文和下行报文的优先级转换处理及发送过程，所述的上行报文是指由边缘路由器等边缘网络设备发来的其中承载着外部优先级的报文，所述的下行报文是指由其他核心路由器等核心网络设备发来的其中承载着内部优先级的报文，相应的具体的处理过程分别说明如下：
如图3所示，对于核心路由器收到的上行报文的优先级转换处理及发送过程进一步包括：
步骤321：由于每一种类型报文对应着一张对应关系表，且表中以外部优先级为索引，因此，核心路由器收到上行报文后，首先需要分析确定报文的类型及外部优先级；
步骤322：根据分析确定的报文的类型及外部优先级在所述的该类型报文的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系中确定报文的内部优先级；
以表1为例，确定的报文的内部优先级为一个包含三个参数的三元组；
步骤323：在核心路由器中，根据报文的内部优先级进行转发处理；
仍如图3所示，对于核心路由器收到的下行报文的优先级转换处理及发送过程进一步包括：
步骤324：核心路由器收到的下行报文中的优先级应当是内部优先级，因此，在核心路由器收到所述下行报文后，首先分析确定报文的类型及内部优先级；
步骤325：根据报文的类型及内部优先级在核心路由器上保存的所述的唯一的一张外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系表中确定所述报文的外部优先级，并执行步骤326；
以表2为例，所述确定的外部优先级为一种报文类型的一个具体的优先级参数；
步骤326：在核心路由器上，将所述报文的内部优先级转换为确定的外部优先级，并发送出去，即将确定的报文的外部优先级承载于所述的报文中并从相应的接口发送出去。
经过上述过程的描述可以看出，本发明中，在核心路由器上的处理过程大大简化，且占用的内存也大大降低，有效节省了核心路由器的资源。
本发明中对于外部优先级到内部优先级的转换处理对应关系表，以及内部优先级到外部优先级的转换处理对应关系表，均可以通过设置的接口利用配置命令行人工进行配置，当然，在核心路由器上设置有所述对应关系表的缺省配置，如果需要修改可以用手工命令配置，手工配置结果可以覆盖缺省配置的相应表项。并且，人工配置所述的对应关系表可以在核心路由器本地进行配置，也可以在远程telnet或者网管处进行配置。
本发明中，在一个路由器上最多可以支持8个DS域，每个域下面均设置有缺省的优先级转换需要的对应关系，如果用户有需求，可以进行手工配置覆盖缺省配置，既可以配置外部优先级到内部优先级的转换inbound，又可以配置内部优先级到外部优先级的转换outbound。并且，各个配置的DS域可以通过DS域的名字被接口引用，表明该接口加入了该DS域，从而进行基于这种方式的简单流分类。
为实现本发明，首先需要进行如下的配置过程，该过程主要包括步骤(1)到步骤(3)三个步骤，具体包括：
(1)在系统视图创建一个DS域，所述的系统视图是一种模式，路由器上有多种模式，该模式是最高级别用户权限的模式；
[Quidway]diffserv domain test；/创建一个名字叫test的DS域；
[Quidway-dsdomain-test]；/
该步骤的功能是完成一个DS域的定义，其名字为test，是在系统视图下创建的，它是一个全局的配置，可以让各个端口引用该DS域；
(2)在DS视图下配置所述的对应关系表中内容：
diffserv domain test；/DS域的名字为test；
ip-dscp-inbound O phb ef green 2；/
ip-dscp-outbound ef green map 3；
mpls-exp-inbound 5 phb be green 7；
mpls-exp-outbound af1 red map 3；
该步骤的功能是完成DS域内规则集合的定义，即定义所述的对应关系表中的内容，其中第二、第四条命令定义了上行方向的对应关系表的规则内容，用于进行外部优先级到内部优先级的转换；第三、五条命令定义了下行方向的对应关系的规则，用于进行内部优先级到外部优先级的转换；
在系统启动的时候每个表都初始化为默认值，因此如果用户不进行手工配置则按照缺省配置的简单流分类方式进行报文的处理；如果手工进行了相应的配置，则手工配置将覆盖缺省配置内容，如该步骤中的第二到第五条命令配置的规则将会覆盖缺省值的相应表项，因此当报文查找表项时会匹配为新的内部优先级和外部优先级；
在该步骤中各命令的具体含义如下：
第二条命令的具体含义是将外部优先级DSCP(区分服务码点)为O的IP入报文映射为内部优先级ef(Queue Index＝6)，green(Color＝1)，2(Wred Class＝2)的三元组，这样在核心路由器内部都按照该内部优先级进行各报文的QoS的拥塞处理和拥塞避免；
第三条命令的具体含义是将内部优先级为ef(Queue Index＝6)，green(Color＝1)的二元组转换为DSCP为3的IP出报文；
第四条命令是将外部优先级EXP(MPLS的EXP域，即实验域，用来标记MPLS报文的优先级)为4的MPLS入报文转换为be(Queue Index＝0)，green(Color＝1)，7(Wred Class＝7)的三元组；
第五条命令是将af1(Queue Index＝1)，Red(Color＝3)的二元组转换为EXP为3的MPLS出报文；
(3)将接口加入到创建的DS域中，即将所述的DS域在选定的接口上应用：
[Quidway]interface Ethernet2/0/0；
[Quidway-Ethernet2/0/0]trust upstream test；
在上述配置过程中，
经过过程(1)到过程(3)的配置后，便可以在核心路由器上实现上、下行报文的外部优先级与内部优先级间的转换处理。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (6)

1、一种基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，其特征在于，对于上行报文，针对每一种类型的报文分别建立保存一张上行报文对应关系表，其索引为报文的外部优先级；对于下行报文，建立保存一张下行报文对应关系表，用于保存内部优先级到各种类型报文的外部优先级的对应关系，其索引为内部优先级；
所述方法包括:
A、在核心网络设备上，对于收到的上行报文的处理过程:
通过查询对应的上行报文对应关系表，将收到的上行报文的外部优先级转换为内部优先级，并根据内部优先级对报文进行转发处理；
B、在核心网络设备上，对于收到的下行报文的处理过程:
通过查询下行报文对应关系表，将收到的下行报文的内部优先级转换为对应类型报文的外部优先级，并从相应接口发送出去。
2、根据权利要求1所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括:
通过设置的接口利用配置命令对所述的对应关系表进行修改。
3、根据权利要求1所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，其特征在于，所述的核心网络设备包括:核心路由器。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤A进一步包括:
在核心网络设备收到上行报文后，分析确定所述上行报文的类型及外部优先级；
根据所述上行报文的类型及外部优先级，通过查询对应的上行报文对应关系表，确定所述上行报文的内部优先级；
根据所述上行报文的内部优先级对所述上行报文进行上行业务的业务流分配处理。
5、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤B进一步包括:
在核心网络设备收到下行报文后，分析确定所述下行报文的类型及内部优先级；
根据所述下行报文的类型及内部优先级，通过查询所述下行报文对应关系表，确定所述下行报文的外部优先级；
根据所述下行报文的外部优先级进行下行业务的业务流分配处理。
6、根据权利要求1或3所述的基于区分服务域的业务流分配的实现方法，其特征在于，执行步骤A和步骤B之前，还包括:
在核心网络设备上创建区分服务域；
配置所述区分服务域中的各类型报文的外部优先级与内部优先级的对应关系；
将所述的区分服务域在选定的接口上应用。
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