CN100466540C - 一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法 - Google Patents

一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法 Download PDF

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CN100466540C
CN100466540C CNB2005100890837A CN200510089083A CN100466540C CN 100466540 C CN100466540 C CN 100466540C CN B2005100890837 A CNB2005100890837 A CN B2005100890837A CN 200510089083 A CN200510089083 A CN 200510089083A CN 100466540 C CN100466540 C CN 100466540C
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interface
active
standby
standby interface
detection method
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CN1878085A (zh
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马云
陈诚
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其核心为：主、备接口分别根据ARP报文检测接口状态。本发明无需在对端路由设备上做特别配合修改，就能够实现接入设备的主、备接口状态检测，并进行备接口倒换，增强了网络传输的可靠性；由于ARP协议的应用广泛性，使本发明的方法简单、易行，而且，对于接入设备到路由设备之间的所有故障都能检测到；从而实现了提高故障检测全面性，提高业务可靠性的目的。

Description

一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及网络通讯技术领域，具体涉及一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法。
背景技术
在传统的数据通信领域中，通信设备之间为网状连接，从一个通信设备到达另外一个通信设备有多个可达路径，如果一个路径故障，通过OSPF(开放式最短路径优先)等路由协议进行路由收敛后，两个通信设备之间使用另外一个路径进行通讯。由于这种路由收敛的速度慢、故障恢复速度慢，一般大于30秒，而且，出现的故障不一定能被及时的检测到，所以，该一般在电信领域中不可用。
在电信领域，特别是在NGN(下一代网络)领域中，为保证业务的可靠性，一般使用主备接口可靠性组网，如附图1、附图2、附图3所示。
在图1、图2、图3中，接入设备是指可以通过FE/GE等以太网接口接入到IP网络的设备，如媒体网关，信令网关，软交换等，图中的R为路由器，L3为三层以太网交换机，L2为二层以太网交换机。接入设备出主备两个以太网接口，通过主备两条以太网链路，分别接入到一个或两个R/L3/L2。当接入设备主接口所在的传输路径上的接口、以太网链路、R/L3/L2的接口等任一点出现故障，接入设备主接口中的业务能够倒换到备接口上，从而，避免业务损失。
目前，接入设备主备接口故障检测的方法为:备接口物理层关闭，即主接口物理层UP，备接口物理层Down，使主接口能够正常收发报文，接入设备的对端设备R/L3/L2会认为接入设备的主接口有效，从而，将发向接入设备侧的IP报文转发到主接口，接入设备发向IP网络侧的IP报文，只从主接口发出，这样，接入设备和R/L3/L2就能够配合工作了。主备接口通过物理层的UP/Down信号来检测主备接口故障。
在上述方法中，由于接入设备的备接口物理层关闭，所以，不能检测备接口是否有故障，这样，当主接口出现故障时，再打开备接口，备接口也可能是故障的，而且，主备接口仅通过物理层的UP/Down信号来检测主备接口故障，不但对物理层以上的故障检测不到，对跨越传输的组网中的某一段物理层的故障也检测不到，即使在直连组网的情况下，如果接入设备的发向故障而收向正常，目前的这种主备接口故障检测方法也检测不出来。
综上所述，现有的这种故障检测方法，使备接口行同虚设，没有真正起到主备接口备份的作用，从而，会导致主备接口倒换失败，使业务中断。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，利用ARP报文来检测主、备接口的故障，实现了提高故障检测全面性，提高业务可靠性的目的。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，包括：主、备接口分别发送ARP请求报文，根据主备接口的物理层信号、是否接收到ARP响应报文确定主、备接口是否处于故障状态。
所述方法具体包括：
a、打开主、备接口物理层信号，并配置主、备接口的IP地址；
b、根据主、备接口的IP地址从主、备接口向对端路由设备发送ARP请求报文；
c、根据主、备接口的物理层信号、ARP响应报文确定主、备接口状态。
所述步骤b中的对端路由设备包括：路由器、三层以太网交换机、二层以太网交换机。所述主、备接口分别对应不同的对端路由设备，或所述主、备接口对应同一个对端路由设备；且所述主接口对应的路由设备的接口和备接口对应的路由设备的接口具有相同的IP地址。
所述主接口的MAC地址为虚拟MAC地址，所述备接口的MAC地址为物理MAC地址。
所述步骤c具体包括：
判断主/备接口的物理层信号、主/备接口接收的ARP响应报文；
如果主/备接口的物理层UP、且主/备接口在预定时间间隔内接收到ARP响应报文，确定主/备接口处于正常状态；
如果主/备接口的物理层DOWN、或主/备接口在预定时间间隔内未接收到ARP响应报文，确定主/备接口处于故障状态。
所述方法还包括：确定备接口处于故障状态时，告警并记录故障状态信息；
确定主接口处于故障状态且备接口处于正常状态时，进行主备接口倒换。
所述主备接口倒换的步骤具体包括：交换主备接口的IP地址及MAC地址。
所述步骤b具体包括：从处于故障状态的主/备接口向对端路由设备发送ARP请求报文；
且所述方法还包括：处于故障状态的主/备接口接收到ARP响应报文时，确定主/备接口恢复为正常状态。
所述方法还包括：
所述主备接口倒换后的备接口恢复为正常状态时，进行主备接口倒换。
通过上述技术方案的描述可知，本发明无需在对端路由设备上做特别配合修改，就能够实现接入设备的主、备接口检测，并相应进行主备接口倒换，增强了网络传输的可靠性；由于ARP协议的应用广泛性，使本发明的方法简单、易行，而且，对于接入设备到路由设备R/L2/L3之间的所有故障都能检测到；从而通过本发明提供的技术方案实现了提高故障检测全面性，提高业务可靠性的目的。
附图说明
图1是主备接口可靠性组网示意图一；
图2是主备接口可靠性组网示意图二；
图3是主备接口可靠性组网示意图三；
图4是本发明的主备接口状态迁移示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是：主、备接口分别根据ARP报文检测接口状态。
下面基于本发明的核心思想对本发明提供的技术方案做进一步的描述。
本发明提供一种简单有效的主、备接口状态检测和主备接口倒换方法，其中的主、备接口可以为接入IP网络的接入设备中的主、备用以太网接口。
接入设备中的主、备接口分别与IP网络中的路由设备如路由器、三层以太网交换机、二层以太网交换机等连接，主、备接口与IP网络中的路由设备连接方法可以为电信领域中双归属组网中的连接方式，如附图1、2、3所示。
首先，本发明的接入设备的备接口的物理层信号是打开的，然后，需要在接入设备的主、备接口配置不同的IP地址，如IP1、IP2。
在采用如附图1所示的组网方式时，可以在两个三层以太网交换机L3之间配置VLAN-Trunk(虚拟局域网捆绑)和VRRP(虚拟冗余路由器协议)，即把两个L3上的与接入设备主备接口对应的接口的IP地址划分在同一VLAN中，并且共享相同的IP地址IP3。
在采用如附图2所示的组网方式时，可以在接入设备的主、备接口对应的两个路由器的接口上配置VRRP，上述两个路由器的接口对外使用相同的IP地址IP3。
在采用如附图3所示的组网方式时，可以将接入设备的主、备接口对应的两个R/L3上的接口划分在同一VLAN，上述两个R/L3上的接口对外使用相同的IP地址IP3。
本发明不限制电信领域中双归属组网的连接方式，如可以采用基于以上三种连接方式的变形组网方式，如接入设备和R/L3/L2连接之前跨越其它L2、物理层传输设备等，不管采用哪种连接方式，本发明在接入设备上主备接口的配置、主备接口故障检测方法、主备接口故障倒换方法基本相同。
图1、图2、图3的接入设备中的主、备接口配置有不同的IP地址，如主接口的IP地址为IP1、备接口的IP地址为IP2，并且IP1、IP2和R/L3/L2上配置的IP3在同一网段。
接入设备的主接口、备接口都配置有MAC地址，为提高主备接口的倒换速度，可以在主接口上配置虚拟MAC地址、在备接口上配置物理MAC地址，主、备接口上配置有相同的对端路由设备，即默认网关R/L3/L2的IP地址，即IP3。
接入设备启动后，主、备接口物理层都处于UP状态，主、备接口根据上述配置使用不同的IP地址，并配置有相同的对端路由设备的IP地址。
主接口使用配置的虚拟MAC地址和IP1，备接口使用物理MAC地址和IP2，主、备接口均发送ARP请求报文，直到获取到对应路由设备的IP3和MAC的对应关系。
对端路由设备会根据主、备接口发送的ARP请求报文记录接入设备主、备接口的IP地址、MAC地址、物理端口号的对应关系，但是，记录的针对主、备接口的对应关系不同，如记录的主接口的对应关系为IP1、虚拟MAC地址、主接口端口号，记录的备接口的对应关系为IP2、物理MAC地址、备接口端口号。
ARP解析完成后，接入设备只在主接口的IP1地址上分配业务，不在备接口的IP2地址上分配业务，备接口不处理业务，即对发向IP网络侧的报文，全部从接入设备的主接口发出。
对从IP网络侧发向接入设备侧的报文，R/L3/L2根据生成的转发关系IP1、虚拟MAC、主接口端口号将目的地址是主接口IP1地址的报文正确转发到接入设备的主接口。
本发明的主、备接口状态检测是指从接入设备的主备接口、主备以太网链路到路由设备接口这一段路径的检测。主备双归属组网只能保证接入设备和R/L3之间路径的可靠性，R/L3/L2以外的可靠性由数据通信网络来保证。
主、备接口的状态检测方法为:从接口物理层、其他层面来检测主备接口的状态。
接口物理层状态：一般从硬件如光电信号上可以直接检测出，如接口物理层为UP时，则接口物理层处于正常状态，接口物理层为DOWN时，备接口物理层处于故障状态。
其它层面的状态：通过发送ARP Request报文来检测，ARP协议是RFC 0826协议定义的标准，用于根据对端IP地址解析对端的MAC地址，根据ARP的规定，处于正常状态的接口必须实时响应ARP Request报文。
处于正常状态的接口是指接口物理层UP后，能正确收发报文的状态，在此状态下，主/备接口可以采用定时发送或者持续发送或者随机发送等方式来发送ARP Request请求消息，若在定长时间内主/备接口接收到ARP Response消息，则主/备接口仍然处于正常状态；若主/备接口连续多次均没有接收到ARPResponse消息，即在预定时间间隔内主/备接口一直未接收到ARP Response消息，或者主/备接口的物理层Down，则主/备接口由正常状态转入故障状态。主备接口的状态迁移图如附图4所示。
通过上述接口状态检测过程，如果确定主接口由正常状态转入故障状态，应告警，并在备接口处于正常状态时进行主备接口倒换；如果确定备接口由正常状态转入故障状态，则只进行告警并记录备接口故障的相关信息，如记录备接口物理层为DOWN状态、在预定时间间隔内一直未接收到ARP Response消息等。
主、备接口在故障状态，也要采用定时发送或者持续发送或者随机发送等方式来发送ARP Request消息，若处于故障状态的主、备接口又接收到ARPResponse消息，则主、备接口由故障状态转入正常状态，否则，仍然处于故障状态。
本发明的主备接口的倒换过程为:将接入设备的主备接口的IP地址互换，使备接口转换为主接口，主备接口倒换后的新主接口使用原主接口的虚拟MAC地址，新备接口使用原备接口的物理MAC地址。接入设备在新主接口上向对端路由设备发送业务报文。
因为主备接口倒换后IP地址和MAC地址的对应关系不变，所以，对端路由设备R/L3/L2通过MAC地址学习，修改MAC地址和物理端口号的对应关系，就可以把发向接入设备方向的IP报文正确发送到新的主接口。
在进行主备接口倒换后，新的主、备接口需要继续采用定时发送或者持续发送或者随机发送等方式来发送ARP Request消息，继续检测接口状态，如果原主接口接收到ARP Response消息，即确定原主接口故障恢复后，可以根据用户的控制或者根据系统的控制再次进行主备接口倒换过程，将数据业务再倒回接入设备的原主接口。
通过上述技术方案的描述可知，本发明无需在路由设备上做特别配合修改，就能够实现接入设备的主、备接口检测方法和主备接口倒换方法，增强了网络传输的可靠性；由于ARP协议的应用广泛性，使本发明的方法简单、易行，而且，对于接入设备到R/L2/L3之间的所有故障都能检测到。
虽然通过实施例描绘了本发明，本领域普通技术人员知道，本发明有许多变形和变化而不脱离本发明的精神，本发明的申请文件的权利要求包括这些变形和变化。

Claims (8)

1、一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
a、打开主、备接口物理层信号，并配置主、备接口的IP地址；
b、根据主、备接口的IP地址从主、备接口向对端路由设备发送ARP请求报文；
c、如果主/备接口的物理层UP、且主/备接口在预定时间间隔内接收到ARP响应报文，确定主/备接口处于正常状态；
如果主/备接口的物理层DOWN、或主/备接口在预定时间间隔内未接收到ARP响应报文，确定主/备接口处于故障状态。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b中的对端路由设备包括:路由器、三层以太网交换机、二层以太网交换机。
3、如权利要求1所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述主、备接口分别对应不同的对端路由设备，或所述主、备接口对应同一个对端路由设备；
且所述主接口对应的路由设备的接口和备接口对应的路由设备的接口具有相同的IP地址。
4、如权利要求1所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述主接口的MAC地址为虚拟MAC地址，所述备接口的MAC地址为物理MAC地址。
5、如权利要求1所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
在确定备接口处于故障状态时，告警并记录故障状态信息；
在确定主接口处于故障状态且备接口处于正常状态时，进行主备接口倒换。
6、如权利要求5所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述主备接口倒换的步骤具体包括：
交换主备接口的IP地址及MAC地址。
7、如权利要求1所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b具体包括：
从处于故障状态的主/备接口向对端路由设备发送ARP请求报文；
且所述方法还包括：
处于故障状态的主/备接口接收到ARP响应报文时，确定主/备接口恢复为正常状态。
8、如权利要求7所述的一种基于主、备以太网接口的状态检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
所述主备接口倒换后的备接口恢复为正常状态时，进行主备接口倒换。
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