CN100466498C - 与基站达成同步的方法及装置 - Google Patents

与基站达成同步的方法及装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN100466498C
CN100466498C CNB021503680A CN02150368A CN100466498C CN 100466498 C CN100466498 C CN 100466498C CN B021503680 A CNB021503680 A CN B021503680A CN 02150368 A CN02150368 A CN 02150368A CN 100466498 C CN100466498 C CN 100466498C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
signal
time slot
period
sequential
authentication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CNB021503680A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1499763A (zh
Inventor
林哲立
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BenQ Corp
Original Assignee
BenQ Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BenQ Corp filed Critical BenQ Corp
Priority to CNB021503680A priority Critical patent/CN100466498C/zh
Publication of CN1499763A publication Critical patent/CN1499763A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100466498C publication Critical patent/CN100466498C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H04L65/1043—Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/022—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S1/026—Means for monitoring or calibrating of associated receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/021—Calibration, monitoring or correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/06—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1626—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with a single-body enclosure integrating a flat display, e.g. Personal Digital Assistants [PDAs]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
    • G06F1/1637—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing
    • G06F1/1639—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing the display being based on projection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/305—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals by remotely controlling device operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
    • G06F21/6209—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a single file or object, e.g. in a secure envelope, encrypted and accessed using a key, or with access control rules appended to the object itself
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/71—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information
    • G06F21/74—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information operating in dual or compartmented mode, i.e. at least one secure mode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/88—Detecting or preventing theft or loss
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/10009—Improvement or modification of read or write signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/10009—Improvement or modification of read or write signals
    • G11B20/10305—Improvement or modification of read or write signals signal quality assessment
    • G11B20/10398—Improvement or modification of read or write signals signal quality assessment jitter, timing deviations or phase and frequency errors
    • G11B20/10425—Improvement or modification of read or write signals signal quality assessment jitter, timing deviations or phase and frequency errors by counting out-of-lock events of a PLL
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
    • H03L7/091—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector using a sampling device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25754—Star network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2628—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
    • H04B7/2687—Inter base stations synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0077—Multicode, e.g. multiple codes assigned to one user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/16—Code allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
    • H04L1/0066—Parallel concatenated codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068—Rate matching by puncturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1685—Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted in response to a specific request, e.g. to a polling signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1835—Buffer management
    • H04L1/1841—Resequencing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • H04L25/03038—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a non-recursive structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/4902—Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/4904—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems using self-synchronising codes, e.g. split-phase codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/497—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems by correlative coding, e.g. partial response coding or echo modulation coding transmitters and receivers for partial response systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
    • H04L27/14—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H04L27/156—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using temporal properties of the received signal, e.g. detecting pulse width
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/5003—Managing SLA; Interaction between SLA and QoS
    • H04L41/5009—Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/15—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/72—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/74—Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability
    • H04L47/745—Reaction in network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/76—Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions
    • H04L47/765—Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the end-points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
    • H04L47/822—Collecting or measuring resource availability data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
    • H04L47/824—Applicable to portable or mobile terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/48—Message addressing, e.g. address format or anonymous messages, aliases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/58—Message adaptation for wireless communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H04L61/2503—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/255—Maintenance or indexing of mapping tables
    • H04L61/2553—Binding renewal aspects, e.g. using keep-alive messages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
    • H04L63/126—Applying verification of the received information the source of the received data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H04L65/1104—Session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
    • H04L65/4061—Push-to services, e.g. push-to-talk or push-to-video
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/085—Secret sharing or secret splitting, e.g. threshold schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/30—Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy
    • H04L9/304—Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy based on error correction codes, e.g. McEliece
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H04M1/72409—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by interfacing with external accessories
    • H04M1/72415—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by interfacing with external accessories for remote control of appliances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/0024—Services and arrangements where telephone services are combined with data services
    • H04M7/0057—Services where the data services network provides a telephone service in addition or as an alternative, e.g. for backup purposes, to the telephone service provided by the telephone services network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/12—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
    • H04M7/1205—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks
    • H04M7/1295—Details of dual tone multiple frequency signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00912—Arrangements for controlling a still picture apparatus or components thereof not otherwise provided for
    • H04N1/00957—Compiling jobs, e.g. for batch processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32106—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title separate from the image data, e.g. in a different computer file
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/109—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of temporal predictive coding modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
    • H04N19/139—Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
    • H04N19/517—Processing of motion vectors by encoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/527—Global motion vector estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/625—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding using discrete cosine transform [DCT]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/254—Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server, rights management server
    • H04N21/2543—Billing, e.g. for subscription services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/418—External card to be used in combination with the client device, e.g. for conditional access
    • H04N21/4181—External card to be used in combination with the client device, e.g. for conditional access for conditional access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
    • H04N21/4623—Processing of entitlement messages, e.g. ECM [Entitlement Control Message] or EMM [Entitlement Management Message]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47211—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting pay-per-view content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6156—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6175—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via Internet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6156—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6187—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via a telephone network, e.g. POTS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
    • H04N21/6582—Data stored in the client, e.g. viewing habits, hardware capabilities, credit card number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/4448—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for frame-grabbing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/46—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for receiving on more than one standard at will
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/64—Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0112—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level one of the standards corresponding to a cinematograph film standard
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H04N7/163—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing by receiver means only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17327—Transmission or handling of upstream communications with deferred transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3129—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/642—Multi-standard receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/7921—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording for more than one processing mode
    • H04N9/7925—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording for more than one processing mode for more than one standard
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/0016—Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
    • H04Q3/0025—Provisions for signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/10—Integrity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/02—Buffering or recovering information during reselection ; Modification of the traffic flow during hand-off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
    • H04W4/14—Short messaging services, e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/008—Transmission of channel access control information with additional processing of random access related information at receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/30—Connection release
    • H04W76/34—Selective release of ongoing connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • H04W8/265—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support for initial activation of new user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/08—Trunked mobile radio systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2105—Dual mode as a secondary aspect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2115—Third party
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/22—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor for reducing distortions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
    • H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
    • H04J3/0658—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H04L43/0829—Packet loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/04—Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1016—IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42221—Conversation recording systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/0077—Types of the still picture apparatus
    • H04N2201/0094—Multifunctional device, i.e. a device capable of all of reading, reproducing, copying, facsimile transception, file transception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3212—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3212—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image
    • H04N2201/3222—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image of processing required or performed, e.g. forwarding, urgent or confidential handling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3274—Storage or retrieval of prestored additional information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/38—Transmitter circuitry for the transmission of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/445—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/445—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information
    • H04N5/45—Picture in picture, e.g. displaying simultaneously another television channel in a region of the screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/66—Transforming electric information into light information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/765—Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus
    • H04N5/775—Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus between a recording apparatus and a television receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/84—Television signal recording using optical recording
    • H04N5/85—Television signal recording using optical recording on discs or drums
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/907—Television signal recording using static stores, e.g. storage tubes or semiconductor memories
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0117—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal
    • H04N7/0122—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal the input and the output signals having different aspect ratios
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
    • H04N9/8042—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/26—Resource reservation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H04W4/10—Push-to-Talk [PTT] or Push-On-Call services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0261—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
    • H04W52/0274—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level by switching on or off the equipment or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/18—Management of setup rejection or failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/30—Connection release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/40—Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast
    • H04W76/45—Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast for Push-to-Talk [PTT] or Push-to-Talk over cellular [PoC] services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
    • H04W8/245—Transfer of terminal data from a network towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S370/00—Multiplex communications
    • Y10S370/901—Wide area network
    • Y10S370/902—Packet switching
    • Y10S370/903—Osi compliant network
    • Y10S370/906—Fiber data distribution interface, FDDI
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S370/00—Multiplex communications
    • Y10S370/901—Wide area network
    • Y10S370/902—Packet switching
    • Y10S370/903—Osi compliant network
    • Y10S370/907—Synchronous optical network, SONET

Abstract

本发明提供一种在宽频码分多路存取系统中用于移动单元与基站达成同步的方法及装置。首先，接收基站所传送的信号，该信号具有主要同步信道、次要同步信道及共同引导信道。将该信号抽样得到抽样信号，再分别选择部分抽样信号分别作为第一时段信号及第二时段信号。根据第一时段信号、主要同步信道、第二时段信号、次要同步信道及共同引导信道编码运算的结果使移动单元与基站达成同步。

Description

与基站达成同步的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在宽频码分多路存取系统中使移动单元与基站达成同步的方法及装置，尤其涉及利用主要同步信道、次要同步信道及共同引导信道编码，使移动单元与基站达成同步的方法及装置。
背景技术
在码分多路存取系统(Code-Division Multiple Access，CDMA)中，移动单元要与基站达成联机进行信号的传输前，需先完成与基站间的编码同步及时序同步。在同步的基站系统中，如CDMA-2000，使用具有不同时间位移的相同识别码(Scramble Code)，使移动单元轻易地与基站完成同步。
而在异步的基站系统中，如宽频码分多路存取(Wideband Code DivisionMultiple Access)，则是使用不同的识别码。因此，在宽频码分多路存取系统中，移动单元不仅要与基站达成时序的同步，更要达成识别码的同步。
此外，在与基站达成同步时，起始频率会有很大的不确定性。一般而言，压控温度补偿晶体振荡器(voltage control temperature compensatedcrystal oscillators，VCTXO)的不精准度约为百万分之十，也与无线频率2GHz中的20kHz相等。该频率的不确定性会导致时序的不确定性及效率的降低。而该同步效率会影响移动单元的开机延迟(switched-on delay)。
在W-CDMA系统中，基站主要由下行链路的识别码(Scrambling code)进行识别，一般在系统设计时会有512个主要的下行链路识别码可供选择来重复使用，由于其识别其识别码的方式复杂并且必须较长时间进行同步，而为了加速移动单元与基站的同步，在“W-CDMA中的小区搜索(Cell Search inW-CDMA)”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication Vol 18 No 8August 2000中提出利用并列处理(pipelined process)的方法来减少在宽频码分多路存取系统中移动单元与基站同步时间与扩频码同步的平均时间，该方式使用了三组基站下行链路的三组信道来识别码同步，其分别为主要同步信道(P-SCH，the Primary Synchronization Channel)、次要同步信道(S-SCH，the Secondary Synchronization Channel)以及共同引导信道(CPICH，CommonPilot Channel)。其同步的方法包含下列步骤：
步骤一：时隙同步(Slot synchronization)
在该步骤中，移动单元利用主要同步信道中的同步码以得到基站的时隙同步。一般而言，移动单元利用抽样装置将信号抽样后传送预定数目的抽样点给一匹配滤波器(或相似的设备)以检测匹配滤波器输出的峰值(peak)，得到时隙边缘的位置，进而使得时隙同步。
步骤二：帧同步及码组认证(Frame synchronization and code-groupidentification)
在该步骤中，移动单元利用次要同步信道的编码检测出帧边缘，达成帧同步，同时认证在第一步骤中得到的基站的码组。该步骤主要是使接收的信号及所有可能的次要同步编码序列相互关联(correlate)，及认证该最大相关值。由于该序列的循环位移(cyclic shift)是唯一的，所以帧同步的码组也在该步骤被决定。
步骤三识别码认证(Scrambling-code identification)
在步骤三中，移动单元要判断所收到的码与基站的主要识别码一致无误。该主要识别码利用在共同引导信道中码元(Symbol)对码元的相关性与在步骤2认证的码组的所有编码，而得到认证。当该主要扩频码被认证时，主要共同控制物理信道(Primary Common Control Physical Channel)也被检测，并且系统与基站特定的数据可以被读取。
上述时隙(time slot)、帧(Frame)及码元(Symbol)的相对关系，举例而言，一帧为10ms(38400个码片)，分割成15个时隙，每个时隙又可再分割为10个码元。
在其同步过程中移动单元接收基站下行链路传送的信号后，将该信号加以抽样。移动单元在第一时段时根据该抽样信号执行步骤1进行时隙同步。在第二时段时，移动单元根据步骤1所得到的结果，执行步骤2帧同步及码组认证，并且在该时段移动单元还对基站传送的信号加以抽样，同样执行新的步骤1。在第三时段时，则根据步骤2所得的结果执行步骤3识别码认证，还根据新的步骤1所得的结果执行新的步骤2及再一次执行步骤1。若第三时段执行的步骤3，被判断为未与基站达成同步，移动单元便在第四时段，根据在第三时段执行的步骤2的结果，执行步骤3，根据第三时段执行的步骤1结果执行步骤2，并且重新执行步骤1，依此类推，直到一时段内的步骤3的结果被判断为与基站完成同步，便停止执行上述步骤。
图1说明利用该并列处理方法与基站达成同步的例子，移动单元接收基站传送的信号后，将信号加以抽样以进行与基站达成同步的步骤。首先，如图1所示，移动单元在第一时段时，执行步骤1，利用抽样信号及其主要同步编码，得到第一时隙同步结果。接着，在第二时段时，移动单元会根据步骤1所得到的第一时隙同步结果及抽样信号的次要同步编码，执行步骤2，得到第一帧同步及第一码组认证。同时，为避免同步失败，移动单元在第二时段时，利用抽样信号及其主要同步编码，重新执行步骤1，得到第二时隙同步结果。
而在第三时段时，移动单元则会根据第二时段所得的第一帧同步及抽样信号的共同引导信道编码执行步骤3，得到第一编码认证结果。同时，移动单元会根据第二时段所得到的第二时隙同步及抽样信号的次要同步编码，执行步骤2，得到第二帧同步及第二码组认证。同样地，为避免同步失败，移动单元还在第三时段时，利用抽样信号及其主要同步编码，重新执行步骤1，得到第三时隙同步结果。
在该例中，假设移动单元在第三时段得到的第一编码认证同步结果被判断为未与基站完成同步，则在第四时段时，移动单元则会根据第三时段所得的第二帧同步、第二码组认证及共同引导信道编码执行步骤3，得到第二编码认证。同时，移动单元会根据第三时段所得到的第三时隙同步结果及信号的次要同步编码，执行步骤2，得到第三帧同步及码组认证结果。同样地，为避免同步失败，移动单元还在第四时段时，利用抽样信号及其主要同步编码，重新执行步骤1，得到第四时隙同步结果。此时，若移动单元根据该第二编码认证结果判断与基站完成同步，则停止执行同步的步骤。
然而，为了使系统精确度提高，需要提高在步骤1的抽样点，匹配滤波器的设计与计算电路因此而变得复杂。增加系统精确度使用上述的做法会浪费硬件资源，另外因为起始频率飘移(frequency differences)，在步骤1所得到的时序会随频率的飘移而造成误差，随后执行步骤2及步骤3的结果也会产生误差，而使移动单元与基站达成同步的时间增长。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种在宽频码分多路存取系统中使移动单元与基站达成同步的方法及装置。进一步节省硬件资源及减少因频率飘移所造成的效率恶化。
首先，接收基站所传送的信号，该信号具有主要同步信道、次要同步信道及共同引导信道。将该信号抽样，得到抽样信号的抽样点，第一时段信号由在第一时段内的奇数抽样点所组成，第二时段信号由第二时段内的偶数抽样点所组成。同理，在每个相邻时段交错选择奇数点或是偶数点作为该时段的抽样信号。根据该第一时段信号及步骤1的时隙同步，可得到第一时隙时序。接着根据该第二时段信号及步骤1时隙同步，得到第二时隙时序。由于相邻时隙时序为奇偶间隔，例如第一时隙时序、第二时隙时序，故可以合并相邻时隙时序紧接着要进行的步骤二或三的时隙时序，这样可以使步骤二或三的时序更为精确，提高步骤二、三的正确率。
这种在第一时段的选择方式与第二时段的选择方式可以选择性地分别选择奇数点的抽样信号或偶数点的抽样信号，或者为其它预定的选择方式将抽样信号选择出来。
此外本发明还进一步提供一种在宽频码分多路存取系统中用于移动单元与基站达成同步的装置，该基站传送一信号到该移动单元，该信号具有一主要同步信道、一次要同步信道、一共同引导信道，该装置包含：
一接收单元，用于接收该信号；
一抽样单元，用于对该信号抽样，得到一抽样信号；
一选择单元，用于以第一或第二选择方式将该抽样信号在时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号作为时段信号；
第一同步单元，用于根据时段信号及主要同步信道，得到时隙同步信号及时隙时序；
第二同步单元，用于根据时隙同步信号、时隙时序及次要同步信道，得到帧同步信号及码组认证；
第三同步单元，用于根据时隙时序、帧同步信号、码组认证及共同引导信道编码，得到编码认证信号；
其中，
在第一时段内，选择单元以第一选择方式将该抽样信号在第一时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第一时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第一时段信号及该主要同步信道，得到第一时隙时序以及第一时隙同步信号；
在第二时段内，选择单元以第二选择方式将该抽样信号在第二时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第二时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第二时段信号及该主要同步信道，得到第二时隙时序及第二时隙同步信号，同时第二同步单元根据第一时段内所得到的第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第一帧同步信号以及第一码组认证；
在第三时段内，选择单元以第一选择方式将该抽样信号在第三时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第三时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第三时段信号及主要同步信道，得到第三时隙时序和第三时隙同步信号；同时第二同步单元根据第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号、第二时隙时序、第二时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第二帧同步信号及第二码组认证；同时第三同步单元根据第一时隙时序、第二时隙时序、第一帧同步信号及第一码组认证、共同引导信道编码得到第一编码认证信号；
如果根据第一编码认证信号，判断移动单元与基站达成同步，则结束；否则
在第四时段内，选择单元以第二选择方式将该抽样信号在第四时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第四时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第四时段信号及主要同步信道，得到第四时隙时序和第四时隙同步信号；同时第二同步单元根据该第二时隙时序、第二时隙同步信号、第三时隙时序、第三时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第三帧同步信号及第三码组认证；同时第三同步单元根据该第二时隙时序、第三时隙时序、第二帧同步信号及第二码组认证、共同引导信道编码得到第二编码认证信号；
如果根据第二编码认证信号，判断移动单元与基站达成同步，则结束，否则该装置循环执行，直到移动单元与基站达成同步，
其中该第一选择方式选择性地选择奇数的该抽样信号，以及第二选择方式选择性地选择偶数的该抽样信号，或者该第一选择方式选择性地选择偶数的该抽样信号，以及第二选择方式选择性地选择奇数的该抽样信号。
上述的做法可以节省硬件资源，如匹配滤波器等。当匹配滤波器的滤波所需的运算越复杂，匹配滤波器便越耗电，并且在设计上较为困难。而本发明因在同一时段内处理较少的信号，匹配滤波器的运算较简单，故较为省电，并且设计较简单，使成本降低。而且本发明利用第一时隙时序及第二时隙时序，取其较佳值，可以大幅减少在现有技术中因步骤1所得到的时序随频率的飘移而造成的误差，可加速与基站完成同步。
附图说明
图1为用现有技术与基站达成同步的例子。
图2为在宽频码分多路存取系统中本发明与基站达成同步的方法的流程图。
图3为在步骤1A及1B所得的峰值特性(peak profiles)。
图4为在宽频码分多路存取系统中本发明与基站达成同步的方法的一个实施例。
图5为在宽频码分多路存取系统中本发明与基站达成同步的装置的一个实施例。
组件符号说明
31    步骤1A所得的峰值特性
33    步骤1B所得的峰值特性
500   本发明的一个实施例
501   接收单元          503  抽样单元
505   选择单元          507  第一同步单元
509第二同步单元         511  第三同步单元
具体实施方式
在移动单元开机后，移动单元接收基站所传送的信号，该信号具有主要同步信道、次要同步信道及共同引导信道。移动单元可利用抽样装置，如抽样保持电路(Sample-Hold circuit)将该信号抽样，得到抽样信号，如X1，X2，X3.....X40。本发明在与基站同步的过程中，包含下列步骤：
步骤1A：
移动单元将抽样信号在一时段内的信号选择出部分的抽样信号，作为一时段信号。根据该时段信号及主要同步信道，得到时隙同步及时隙时序。
步骤1B：
移动单元将抽样信号在一时段内的信号选择出部分的抽样信号，作为一时段信号。根据该时段信号及主要同步信道，得到时隙同步及时隙时序。
步骤2’：
移动单元根据步骤1A及/或1B所得的时隙时序、时隙同步信号及次要同步信道，得到一帧同步信号及码组认证。
步骤3’：
移动单元根据步骤1A及1B所得的时隙时序、步骤2’所得的帧同步信号及码组认证、及共同引导信道编码，得到一编码认证信号。
图2说明了本发明在宽频码分多路存取系统中与基站达成同步方法的实施例。为了加速与基站的同步，本发明采用并列处理方式进行上述的步骤。首先，在第一时段时，移动单元执行步骤1A，若在第一时段抽取10个点作为抽样点，则以第一选择方式选择部分的抽样信号，例如第一时段信号选择奇数点的抽样信号为X1，X3，X5，X7，X9。根据该第一时段信号X1，X3，X5，X7，X9及主要同步信道，得到第一时隙同步及第一时隙时序。
在第二时段时，移动单元会根据前一时段所得的第一时隙同步信号及第一时隙时序等执行步骤2’，根据第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号、次要同步信道及第二时段信号，得到第一帧同步信号及码组认证。该第二时段信号将该时段内的抽样信号以第二选择方式取出，作为第二时段信号，例如选择该时段偶数点的抽样点X12，X14，X16，X18，X20。同时，移动单元执行步骤1B，根据该第二时段信号X12，X14，X16，X18，X20及主要同步信道，得到第二时隙时序及第二时隙同步信号。
在第三时段时，移动单元则会根据第二时段所得的第一帧同步信号及第一码组认证及第二时段所得的第二时隙时序、第一时段所得的第一时隙时序、第三时段信号执行步骤3’，根据该第一帧同步信号及共同引导信道编码，得到第一编码认证信号。该第三时段信号将再以第一选择方式选择抽样信号，作为第三时段信号如，X21，X23，X25，X27，X29。同时，移动单元也根据第二时段所得的第二时隙时序、第一时段所得的第一时隙时序及次要同步信道、第三时段信号，执行步骤2’，得到第二帧同步信号及码组认证。在该第三时段，移动单元执行步骤1A，根据该第三时段信号X21，X23，X25，X27，X29及主要同步信道，得到第三时隙时序。
由于在此实施例中，在第三时段执行的步骤3’的第一编码认证信号，被判断为未能与基站达成同步，移动单元便继续在第四时段，根据第三时段所得的第二帧同步信号及码组认证结果及第三时段所得的第三时隙时序、第二时段所得的第二时隙时序、第四时段信号执行步骤3’，根据该第二帧同步信号及共同引导信道编码，得到第二编码认证信号。同时，移动单元还根据第三时段所得的第三时隙时序、第二时段所得的第二时隙时序及次要同步信道、第四时段信号，执行步骤2’，得到第三帧同步信号及第三码组认证。该第四时段信号以第二选择方式将抽样信号在该时段内的信号取出，作为第四时段信号如X32，X34，X36，X38，X40。在该第四时段，移动单元执行步骤1B，根据该第三时段信号X32，X34，X36，X38，X40及主要同步信道，得到第四时隙时序及第四时隙同步信号。当移动单元根据在第四时段执行的步骤3’的第二编码认证信号时，判断是否与基站完成同步，若完成同步则结束执行，若无法完成同步则继续重复上述同步程序。
移动单元在步骤1A及1B中，利用匹配滤波器(或相似的设备)匹配主要同步编码。并且，利用检测匹配滤波器输出的峰值(peak)，得到时隙时序。本发明为改善频率飘移的问题，在步骤2’时，比较第一时隙时序及第二时隙时序，选择以较佳的时隙时序进行后续的处理。如图3所示，线段31为步骤1A所得的峰值特性，线段33为步骤1B所得的峰值特性，利用此峰值特性，移动单元可得到第一时隙时序及第二时隙时序并且进行比较。在该实施例中，步骤1B具有较佳的峰值特性，因此在步骤2’中，移动单元选择以第二时隙时序、时隙同步信号及次要同步信道，得到帧同步信号。
上述的做法可以节省硬件资源，如匹配滤波器等。当匹配滤波器的滤波所需的运算越复杂，匹配滤波器便越耗电，并且在设计上较为困难。而本发明因在同一时段内处理较少的信号，匹配滤波器的运算较简单，故较为省电，并且设计较简单，使成本降低。而且本发明利用第一时隙时序及第二时隙时序，取其较佳值，可以大幅减少在现有技术中因步骤1所得到的时序随频率的飘移而造成的误差，可加速与基站完成同步。
要特别注意的是，本实施例中的用第一选择方式及第二选择方式来选择抽样信号，进行步骤1A及步骤1B与利用比较步骤1A及1B的时隙时序仅为说明目的，并非用以限定本发明的范围，任何本领域的技术人员都可以进行适当的修改及扩充。
图4说明了本发明的方法流程。首先，移动单元启动后并接收基站所传送的同步信号。接着，在第一时段移动单元执行上述的步骤1A(步骤203)。执行步骤1A后，在第二时段移动单元执行步骤1B并且根据步骤1A的时隙同步的结果执行步骤2’(步骤205)。第三时段，移动单元合并步骤1A及步骤1B的时隙同步结果，供后续步骤2’及步骤3’使用(步骤207)。此时，移动单元执行步骤1A或1B，判断方式为当移动单元在前一时段执行步骤1A时，移动单元则执行步骤1B，而当移动单元在前一时段执行步骤1B时，则执行步骤1A，并且根据步骤207中产生的时隙同步合并的结果执行步骤2’及执行步骤3’(步骤209)。最后移动单元以步骤3’的结果判断是否与基站达成同步(步骤211)，若已达成同步则结束(步骤213)，若尚未达成同步则继续第四时段等重复执行步骤207、步骤209及步骤211。
此外，本发明还提供一种在宽频码分多路存取系统中用于移动单元与基站达成同步的装置。基站传送信号到移动单元，该信号具有主要同步信道、次要同步信道、共同引导信道编码供同步时使用。如图5所示，该装置500包含接收单元501、抽样单元503、选择单元505、第一同步单元507、第二同步单元509及第三同步单元511。
接收单元501负责接收基站传送的信号。抽样单元503负责对该信号进行抽样。
选择单元505负责将抽样信号在奇数时段内以第一选择方式取出，作为时段信号，在偶数时段内以第二选择方式取出，作为时段信号。在该实施例中，在奇数时段内选择奇数点抽样信号，在偶数时段内选择偶数点抽样信号。要特别注意的是，本实施例中的选择方式仅为说明目的，并非用以限定本发明的范围，任何本领域的技术人员都可以做适当的修改。
第一同步单元507负责根据时段信号及主要同步信道，得到时段时隙同步信号。第二同步单元509负责根据前两个时隙同步时序结果、次要同步信道及时段信号，得到时段帧同步信号及码组认证。第三同步单元511负责根据前两个时隙同步时序结果、前时段帧同步信号及码组认证及共同引导信道编码及时段信号，得到时段编码认证信号。若根据编码认证信号，判断出未与基站达成同步，则舍弃编码认证信号。
利用以上较佳具体实施例的详述，希望能更加清楚地描述本发明的特征与精神，而上述所披露的较佳具体实施例并非是对本发明的范围的限制。相反地，上述的说明以及各种改变及等同性的安排都是本发明所要保护的范围。因此，本发明所申请的权利要求的范围应该根据上述的说明作最宽广的解释，并且涵盖所有可能等同的改变以及具等同性的安排。

Claims (2)

1.一种在宽频码分多址系统中移动单元与基站达成同步的方法，该基站传送一信号到该移动单元，该信号具有一主要同步信道、一次要同步信道、一共同引导信道，该方法包含下列步骤:
接收该信号；
对该信号抽样，得到一抽样信号；
在第一时段内，以第一选择方式将该抽样信号在第一时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第一时段信号，根据该第一时段信号及该主要同步信道，得到第一时隙时序以及第一时隙同步信号；
在第二时段内，以第二选择方式将该抽样信号在第二时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第二时段信号，根据该第二时段信号及该主要同步信道，得到第二时隙时序及第二时隙同步信号，同时根据第一时段内所得到的第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第一帧同步信号以及第一码组认证；
在第三时段内，执行下述步骤:以第一选择方式将该抽样信号在第三时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第三时段信号，根据该第三时段信号及主要同步信道，得到第三时隙时序和第三时隙同步信号；同时根据第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号、第二时隙时序、第二时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第二帧同步信号及第二码组认证；同时根据该第一时隙时序、第二时隙时序、第一帧同步信号及第一码组认证、共同引导信道编码得到第一编码认证信号；
如果根据第一编码认证信号，判断移动单元与基站达成同步，则结束；否则
在第四时段内，执行下述步骤:以第二选择方式将该抽样信号在第四时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第四时段信号，根据该第四时段信号及主要同步信道，得到第四时隙时序和第四时隙同步信号；同时根据该第二时隙时序、第二时隙同步信号、第三时隙时序、第三时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第三帧同步信号及第三码组认证；同时根据该第二时隙时序、第三时隙时序、第二帧同步信号及第二码组认证、共同引导信道编码得到第二编码认证信号；
如果根据第二编码认证信号，判断移动单元与基站达成同步，则结束，否则循环执行，直到移动单元与基站达成同步，
其中该第一选择方式选择性地选择奇数的该抽样信号以及第二选择方式选择性地选择偶数的该抽样信号，或者该第一选择方式选择性地选择偶数的该抽样信号以及第二选择方式选择性地选择奇数的该抽样信号。
2.一种在宽频码分多址系统中用于移动单元与基站达成同步的装置，该基站传送一信号到该移动单元，该信号具有一主要同步信道、一次要同步信道、一共同引导信道，该装置包含:
一接收单元，用于接收该信号；
一抽样单元，用于对该信号抽样，得到一抽样信号；
一选择单元，用于以第一或第二选择方式将该抽样信号在时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号作为时段信号；
第一同步单元，用于根据时段信号及主要同步信道，得到时隙同步信号及时隙时序；
第二同步单元，用于根据时隙同步信号、时隙时序及次要同步信道，得到帧同步信号及码组认证；
第三同步单元，用于根据时隙时序、帧同步信号、码组认证及共同引导信道编码，得到编码认证信号；
其中，
在第一时段内，选择单元以第一选择方式将该抽样信号在第一时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第一时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第一时段信号及该主要同步信道，得到第一时隙时序以及第一时隙同步信号；
在第二时段内，选择单元以第二选择方式将该抽样信号在第二时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第二时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第二时段信号及该主要同步信道，得到第二时隙时序及第二时隙同步信号，同时第二同步单元根据第一时段内所得到的第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第一帧同步信号以及第一码组认证；
在第三时段内，选择单元以第一选择方式将该抽样信号在第三时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第三时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第三时段信号及主要同步信道，得到第三时隙时序和第三时隙同步信号；同时第二同步单元根据第一时隙时序、第一时隙同步信号、第二时隙时序、第二时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第二帧同步信号及第二码组认证；同时第三同步单元根据第一时隙时序、第二时隙时序、第一帧同步信号及第一码组认证、共同引导信道编码得到第一编码认证信号；
如果根据第一编码认证信号，判断移动单元与基站达成同步，则结束；否则
在第四时段内，选择单元以第二选择方式将该抽样信号在第四时段内选择出部分的该抽样信号，作为第四时段信号，第一同步单元根据该第四时段信号及主要同步信道，得到第四时隙时序和第四时隙同步信号；同时第二同步单元根据该第二时隙时序、第二时隙同步信号、第三时隙时序、第三时隙同步信号以及次要同步信道，得到第三帧同步信号及第三码组认证；同时第三同步单元根据该第二时隙时序、第三时隙时序、第二帧同步信号及第二码组认证、共同引导信道编码得到第二编码认证信号；
如果根据第二编码认证信号，判断移动单元与基站达成同步，则结束，否则该装置循环执行，直到移动单元与基站达成同步，
其中该第一选择方式选择性地选择奇数的该抽样信号，以及第二选择方式选择性地选择偶数的该抽样信号，或者该第一选择方式选择性地选择偶数的该抽样信号，以及第二选择方式选择性地选择奇数的该抽样信号。
CNB021503680A 2002-11-08 2002-11-08 与基站达成同步的方法及装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100466498C (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB021503680A CN100466498C (zh) 2002-11-08 2002-11-08 与基站达成同步的方法及装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB021503680A CN100466498C (zh) 2002-11-08 2002-11-08 与基站达成同步的方法及装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1499763A CN1499763A (zh) 2004-05-26
CN100466498C true CN100466498C (zh) 2009-03-04

Family

ID=34233947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB021503680A Expired - Fee Related CN100466498C (zh) 2002-11-08 2002-11-08 与基站达成同步的方法及装置

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN100466498C (zh)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999066663A1 (en) * 1998-06-13 1999-12-23 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. State synchronizing method and device of base and mobile station in cdma system
CN1287832A (zh) * 1999-10-22 2001-03-21 胡赓熙 樟脑搽剂

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999066663A1 (en) * 1998-06-13 1999-12-23 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. State synchronizing method and device of base and mobile station in cdma system
CN1287832A (zh) * 1999-10-22 2001-03-21 胡赓熙 樟脑搽剂

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1499763A (zh) 2004-05-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI239779B (en) An apparatus and method for performing initial cell search in wireless communication systems
EP1435139B9 (en) Acquisition circuit for low chip rate option for mobile telecommunication system
US7720496B2 (en) Comma free codes for fast cell search using tertiary synchronization channel
RU2193277C2 (ru) Устройство идентификации псевдослучайной шумовой последовательности в системе связи множественного доступа с кодовым разделением каналов
US7289475B2 (en) High-speed cell search system for CDMA
CN1856945B (zh) 接收机的初始同步装置和方法
AU2002347866A1 (en) Acquisition circuit for low chip rate option for mobile telecommunication system
US7023831B2 (en) CDMA mobile communications apparatus and base station detecting method used therefor
CN101924577B (zh) Wcdma系统中对抗采样钟频率偏差的时隙同步方法
CN100397799C (zh) 在宽带码分多址进接蜂窝式移动电话系统的移动接收机中测定基地站载频的方法和装置
US8761081B2 (en) Method and apparatus for cell searching in asynchronous CDMA systems
US8126092B2 (en) Multistage PN code acquisition circuit and method
JP4310625B2 (ja) モバイル通信網におけるセルの探索を最適化する方法及びモバイル装置
US7486656B2 (en) Method and system for a mobile unit to synchronize with base station
CN100466498C (zh) 与基站达成同步的方法及装置
US7366141B2 (en) Cell search method and apparatus in a WCDMA system
EP1382131A1 (en) Device for synchronizing a receiver and a transmitter in a communication system
KR20010076607A (ko) 부분 상관기를 이용한 비동기 아이엠티2000용 세단계 동기획득 방법 및 그장치
KR100326160B1 (ko) 비동기형 이동통신시스템의 셀탐색 장치 및 방법
EP1078473A1 (en) Multistage pn code acquisition circuit and method
TW567687B (en) Method and apparatus for cell search for W-CDMA with effect of clock offset
US20040090908A1 (en) Initial synchronizing method of mobile communication system
TWI232043B (en) Method and apparatus for cell search for W-CDMA with non-ideal sampling

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
C17 Cessation of patent right
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20090304

Termination date: 20091208